EP2851387A1 - Öl und Gasgewinnungsartikel - Google Patents

Öl und Gasgewinnungsartikel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2851387A1
EP2851387A1 EP13185207.1A EP13185207A EP2851387A1 EP 2851387 A1 EP2851387 A1 EP 2851387A1 EP 13185207 A EP13185207 A EP 13185207A EP 2851387 A1 EP2851387 A1 EP 2851387A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
gas recovery
paes
recovery article
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13185207.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
David B. Thomas
Chantal Louis
Mohammad Jamal El-Hibri
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Solvay Specialty Polymers USA LLC
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Solvay Specialty Polymers USA LLC
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Application filed by Solvay Specialty Polymers USA LLC filed Critical Solvay Specialty Polymers USA LLC
Priority to EP13185207.1A priority Critical patent/EP2851387A1/de
Priority to EP14739176.7A priority patent/EP3024879A1/de
Priority to JP2016528427A priority patent/JP2016535142A/ja
Priority to PCT/EP2014/065206 priority patent/WO2015010977A1/en
Priority to CN201480041744.6A priority patent/CN105408397A/zh
Publication of EP2851387A1 publication Critical patent/EP2851387A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to an article suitable for use in oil/gas recovery industries comprising polyarylene ether sulfone (PAES) polymer based materials, wherein said (PAES) polymers comprise moieties derived from incorporation of 4,4"-terphenyl-p-diol.
  • Said (PAES) polymer based material is characterized by having improved mechanical properties, in particular having an excellent balance of stiffness and ductility, good chemical resistance, high thermal resistance (e.g. Tg > 230°C), long term thermal stability, useful highest Tm between 360°C and 420°C.
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • oil and gas articles made from semi-crystalline PEEK polymers no longer resist pressures up to 30,000 psi and temperatures up to 300°C and have the drawbacks that said articles can not be used any more in the above mentioned HP/HT oil and gas recovery application.
  • polymeric materials useful for providing articles suitable for use in said oil and gas recovery application should thus possess properties such as maintaining or improved mechanical rigidity and integrity (e.g. yield/tensile strength, hardness and impact toughness) at high pressure and temperatures of at least 300°C, good chemical resistance, in particular when exposed to CO 2 , H 2 S, amines and other chemicals at said high pressure and temperature, swelling and shrinking by gas and by liquid absorption, decompression resistance in high pressure oil/gas systems, gas and liquid diffusion and long term thermal stability.
  • mechanical rigidity and integrity e.g. yield/tensile strength, hardness and impact toughness
  • the present invention addresses the above detailed needs and relates to an oil and gas recovery article comprising at least one part made of a poly(arylether sulfone) polymeric material [(t-PAES) polymeric material, herein after] comprising at least one poly(arylether sulfone) polymer [(t-PAES) polymer], wherein said (t-PAES) polymer comprising more than 50 % moles of recurring units (R t ) of formula (S t ) : -E-Ar 1 -SO 1 -[Ar 1 -(T-Ar 3 ) n -SO 2 ] m -Ar 4 - (formula S t ) wherein :
  • oil and gas recovery article is intended to denote any article that is designed to conveniently be used in oil and gas recovery applications, in particular in HP/HT conditions.
  • part of an oil and gas recovery article is intended to denote a piece or portion which is combined with others to make up the whole oil and gas recovery article.
  • the external coating of an oil and gas recovery article falls thus within this scope.
  • the at least one part of the oil and gas recovery article according to the present invention can be a coating.
  • oil and gas recovery applications include (i) drilling and completion of deep, higher temperature, higher pressure oil and gas wells, as notably described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,662,170 the entire disclosure of those are incorporated herein by reference, (ii) an oil and gas recovery method as traditionally subdivided in three stages, namely a primary oil recovery stage, a secondary or assisted oil recovery and a tertiary or enhanced oil recovery stage (iii) gas and oil gathering treatment applications, (iv) complex transportation of gas and oil from said deep, higher temperature, higher pressure wells to refineries and the like.
  • oil and gas recovery articles useful in the present invention are drilling systems; as notably described in U.S. Pat. No. 2001/0214920 A1 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; drilling rigs; compressor systems, as notably described in U.S. Pat. No. 2010/0239441 A1 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; pumping systems; motor systems, sensors, such as reservoir sensors; control systems, such as temperature and/or pressure; stimulation and flow control systems; liner hanger systems, as notably described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,655,456 B1 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; packer systems, as notably described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,356 B2 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference; pipe systems, valve systems, tubing systems, casing systems, and others.
  • drilling rig a structural housing equipment that is used to drill oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, and may comprise a single article or comprise two or more components.
  • components of said drilling rig include, but not limited to, mud tanks, shale shakers, mud pumps, drill pipes, drill bits, drilling lines, electric cable trays.
  • pumping systems useful in the present invention are jet pump systems, submersible pumping systems, in particular electric submersible pumps, as notably described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,863,124 B2 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, beam pumps
  • motor systems useful in the present invention are mud motor assemblies, as notably described in U.S. Pat. No. 2012/0234603 A1 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • pipes including rigid pipes and flexible pipes, flexible risers, pipe-in-pipe, pipe liners, subsea jumpers, spools, umbilicals.
  • Typical flexible pipes have been described by way of example in WO 01/61232 , U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,114 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,085,799 ; the entire disclosure of those are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Such flexible pipes can notably be used for the transport of fluids where very high or very different water pressure prevails over the length of the pipe, and for example can take the form of flexible risers which run from the ocean floor up to equipment at or in the vicinity of the ocean surface, and they can also generally be used as pipes for the transport of liquids or gases between various items of equipment, or as pipes laid at great depth on the ocean floor, or as pipes between items of equipment close to the ocean surface, and the like.
  • Preferred pipe systems are pipes, flexible risers and pipe liners.
  • valves any device for halting or controlling the flow of a liquid, gas, or any other material through a passage, pipe, inlet, outlet, and the like.
  • valve systems useful in the present invention, mention can especially be made of choke valves, thermal expansion valves, check valves, ball valve, butterfly valve, diaphragm valve, gate valve, globe valve, knife valve, needle valve, pinch valve, piston valve, plug valve, poppet valve, spool valve, pressure reducing valve, sampling valves, safety valve.
  • the at least one part of the oil and gas recovery articles according to the present invention may be selected from a large list of articles such as fitting parts; such as seals, in particular sealing rings, preferably backup seal rings, fasteners and the like; snap fit parts; mutually moveable parts; functional elements, operating elements; tracking elements; adjustment elements; carrier elements; frame elements; films; switches; connectors; wires, cables; bearings, housings, compressor components such as compressor valves and compressor plates, any other structural part other than housings as used in an oil and gas recovery articles, such as for example shafts, shells, pistons.
  • fitting parts such as seals, in particular sealing rings, preferably backup seal rings, fasteners and the like
  • snap fit parts mutually moveable parts
  • functional elements operating elements
  • tracking elements adjustment elements
  • carrier elements carrier elements
  • frame elements film
  • switches connectors
  • wires, cables bearings, housings, compressor components such as compressor valves and compressor plates, any other structural part other than housings as used in an oil and gas recovery articles, such as for example shafts
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material is very well suited for the production of seals, fasteners, cables, electrical connectors, housing parts of oil and gas recovery articles.
  • the at least one part of the oil and gas recovery article according to the present invention is advantageously an oil and gas recovery housing, a seal, an electrical connector or a cable.
  • a cable can be notably wires electrically connecting the different parts within a oil and gas recovery article, for example connecting different electrical connectors, connecting tools to connectors, instruments or other tools, connecting instruments to connectors, other instruments or tools, connecting a power source to connectors, instruments or tools.
  • a cable can also advantageously be used for carrying a signal to computer systems.
  • the cable is a coated wire or a wire coating.
  • oil and gas recovery housing is meant one or more of the back cover, front cover, frame and/or backbone of an oil and gas recovery article.
  • the housing may be a single article or comprise two or more components.
  • backbone is meant a structural component onto which other components of the oil and gas recovery article, are mounted.
  • the backbone may be an interior component that is not visible or only partially visible from the exterior of the oil and gas recovery article.
  • Typical fasteners have been described by way of example in WO 2010/112435 , the entire disclosure of those are incorporated herein by reference, and include, but not limited to, threaded fasteners such as bolts, nuts, screws, headless set screws, scrivets, threaded studs and threaded bushings, and unthreaded fastener, such as notably pins, retaining rings, rivets, brackets and fastening washers and the like.
  • seals are used in all types of oil and gas recovery articles, as well as those used in parts of oil and gas recovery articles which remains in the well after completion, testing and production of the well.
  • seals need to resist to these extreme conditions, as mentioned above, in substantially indefinite time. It is worthwhile mentioning that seals besides electronics can be considered as the most vulnerable parts of oil and gas recovery articles.
  • the at least part of an oil and gas recovery article is a seal wherein said seal is selected from a group consisting of a metal seal, an elastomeric seal, a metal-to-metal seal and an elastomeric and metal-to-metal seal.
  • Seals are typically used in drill bits, motor systems, in particular mud motors, reservoir sensors, stimulation and flow control systems, pump systems, in particular electric submersible pumps, packers, liner hangers, tubing's, casings and the like.
  • seals include seal rings such as notably C-rings, E-rings, O-rings, U-rings, spring energized C-rings, backup rings and the like; fastener seals; piston seals, gask-O-seals; integral seals, labyrinth seals.
  • seal rings such as notably C-rings, E-rings, O-rings, U-rings, spring energized C-rings, backup rings and the like
  • fastener seals piston seals, gask-O-seals
  • integral seals labyrinth seals.
  • the at least one part of the oil and gas recovery article according to the present invention is a seal ring, preferably a backup seal ring.
  • the weight of the (t-PAES) polymeric material is usually above 1 %, above 5 %, above 10 %, preferably above 15 %, above 20 %, above 30 %, above 40 %, above 50 %, above 60 %, above 70 %, above 80 %, above 90 %, above 95 %, above 99 %.
  • the oil and gas recovery article may consist of one part, i.e. it is a single-component article. Then, the single part preferably consists of the (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the oil and gas recovery article may consist of several parts.
  • the case being, either one part or several parts of the oil and gas recovery article may consist of the (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the oil and gas recovery article consist of the (t-PAES) polymeric material
  • each of them may consist of the very same the (-PAES) polymeric material ; alternatively, at least two of them may consist of different the (t-PAES) polymeric material, in accordance with the invention.
  • each of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 equal to or different from each other and at each occurrence is preferably complying with following formulae : wherein :
  • the respective phenylene moieties may independently have 1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3 -linkages to the other moieties different from R or R' in the recurring unit.
  • said phenylene moieties have 1,3- or 1,4- linkages, more preferably they have 1,4-linkage.
  • j', k' and k are at each occurrence zero, that is to say that the phenylene moieties have no other substituents than those enabling linkage in the main chain of the polymer.
  • Preferred recurring units (R t ) are selected from the group consisting of those of formula (S t -1) to (S t -4) herein below : wherein
  • More preferred recurring units (R t ) are selected from the group consisting of those of formula (S ' t -1) to (S ' t -3) herein below :
  • the (t-PAES) polymer comprises in addition to recurring units (R t ), as detailed above, recurring units (R a ) of formula (K a ) : -E-Ar 5 -CO-[Ar 6 -(T-Ar 7 ) n -CO] m -Ar 8 - (formula K a ) wherein :
  • Recurring units (R a ) can notably be selected from the group consisting of those of formulae (K a -1) or (K a -2) herein below : wherein
  • More preferred recurring units (R a ) are selected from the group consisting of those of formula (K' a -1) or (K' a -2) herein below :
  • the (t-PAES) polymer comprises in addition to recurring units (R t ), as detailed above, recurring units (R b ) comprising a Ar-SO 2 -Ar' group, with Ar and Ar', equal to or different from each other, being aromatic groups, said recurring units (R b ) generally complying with formulae (S1) : (S1) : -Ar 9 -(T'-Ar 10 ) n -O-Ar 11 -SO 2 -[Ar 12 -(T-Ar 13 ) n -SO 2 ] m -Ar 14 -O- wherein :
  • Recurring units (R b ) can be notably selected from the group consisting of those of formulae (S1-A) to (S1-D) herein below : wherein :
  • the respective phenylene moieties may independently have 1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3 -linkages to the other moieties different from R' in the recurring unit.
  • said phenylene moieties have 1,3-or 1,4- linkages, more preferably they have 1,4-linkage.
  • j' is at each occurrence zero, that is to say that the phenylene moieties have no other substituents than those enabling linkage in the main chain of the polymer.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer comprises in addition to recurring units (R t ), as detailed above, recurring units (R c ) comprising a Ar-C(O)-Ar' group, with Ar and Ar', equal to or different from each other, being aromatic groups, said recurring units (R c ) being generally selected from the group consisting of formulae (J-A) to (J-L), herein below : wherein :
  • the respective phenylene moieties may independently have 1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3 -linkages to the other moieties different from R' in the recurring unit.
  • said phenylene moieties have 1,3-or 1,4- linkages, more preferably they have 1,4-linkage.
  • j' is at each occurrence zero, that is to say that the phenylene moieties have no other substituents than those enabling linkage in the main chain of the polymer.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer comprises recurring units (R t ) of formula (S t ) as above detailed in an amount of more than 50 % moles, preferably more than 60 % moles, more preferably more than 70 % moles, even more preferably more than 80 % moles, most preferably more than 90 % moles, the complement to 100 % moles being generally recurring units (R a ), as above detailed, and/or recurring units (R b ), and/or recurring units (R c ), as above detailed.
  • essentially all the recurring units of the (t-PAES) polymer are recurring units (R t ), chain defects, or very minor amounts of other units might be present, being understood that these latter do not substantially modify the properties of the (t-PAES) polymer.
  • all the recurring units of the (t-PAES) polymer are recurring units (R t ). Excellent results were obtained when the (t-PAES) polymer was a polymer of which all the recurring units are recurring units (R t ), as above detailed.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the invention has advantageously a number average molecular weight (M n ) of at least 13 000, preferably at least 25 000, more preferably of at least 38 000.
  • the t-PAES polymer has advantageously a number average molecular weight (M n ) equal to or below 125 000, preferably equal to or below 95 000, preferably equal to or below 90 000, preferably equal to or below 80 000, preferably equal to or below 75 000, preferably equal to or below 70 000, preferably equal to or below 60 000, preferably equal to or below 56 000.
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • the t-PAES polymer has advantageously a number average molecular weight (M n ) in the range from 13 000 to 125 000, preferably ranging from 25 000 to 80 000, and preferably ranging from 38 000 to 80 000.
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • the (t-PAES) polymer having such specific molecular weight (M n ) range have been found to possess an excellent ductility (i.e high tensile elongation), good thoughness while maintaining high Tg, and good crystallizability and good chemical resistance.
  • M n can be suitably determined by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), calibrated with polystyrene standards.
  • the polydispersity index (PDI) is hereby expressed as the ratio of weight average molecular weight (M w ) to number average molecular weight (M n ).
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention has advantageously a polydispersity index (PDI) of more than 1.90, preferably more than 1.95, more preferably more than 2.00.
  • PDI polydispersity index
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention generally has a polydispersity index of less than 4.0, preferably of less than 3.8, more preferably of less than 3.5.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention has a melt viscosity of advantageously at least 0.7 kPa.s, preferably at least 1.25 kPa.s, more preferably at least 2.3 kPa.s at 410°C and at a shear rate of 10 rad/sec, as measured using a parallel plates viscometer (e.g. TA ARES RDA3 model) in accordance with ASTM D4440.
  • a parallel plates viscometer e.g. TA ARES RDA3 model
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention has a melt viscosity of advantageously of at most 46 kPa.s, preferably of at most 34 kPa.s, more preferably of at most 25 kPa.s at 410°C and at a shear rate of 10 rad/sec, as measured using a parallel plates viscometer (e.g. TA ARES RDA3 model) in accordance with ASTM D4440.
  • a parallel plates viscometer e.g. TA ARES RDA3 model
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention has a melt viscosity of advantageously at least 2.2 kPa.s, preferably at least 4.1 kPa.s, more preferably at least 7.4 kPa.s at 410°C and at a shear rate of 1 rad/sec, as measured using a parallel plates viscometer e.g. (TA ARES RDA3 model) in accordance with ASTM D4440.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention has a melt viscosity of advantageously of at most 149 kPa.s, preferably of at most 111 kPa.s, more preferably of at most 82 kPa.s at 410°C and at a shear rate of 1 rad/sec, as measured using a parallel plates viscometer (e.g. TA ARES RDA3 model) in accordance with ASTM D4440.
  • a parallel plates viscometer e.g. TA ARES RDA3 model
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention advantageously possesses a glass transition temperature of at least 210°C, preferably 220°C, more preferably at least 230°C.
  • Glass transition temperature (Tg) is generally determined by DSC, according to ASTM D3418.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention advantageously possesses a melting temperature of at least 330°C, preferably 340°C, more preferably at least 350°C.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention advantageously possesses a melting temperature below 430°C, preferably below 420°C and more preferably below 410°C.
  • the melting temperature (Tm) is generally determined by DSC, according to ASTM D3418.
  • the degree of crystallinity can be determined by different methods known in the art such as notably by Wide Angle X-Ray diffraction (WAXD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
  • WAXD Wide Angle X-Ray diffraction
  • DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
  • the Applicant has found that the (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above, is especially well suited for providing oil and gas recovery articles having a very high crystallinity.
  • the degree of crystallinity can advantageously be measured by DSC on compression molded samples of the (t-PAES) polymers of the present invention.
  • molded parts of the (t-PAES) polymer have advantageously a degree of crystallinity above 5 %, preferably above 7 % and more preferably above 8 %.
  • the manufacturing of the (t-PAES) polymer of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the (t-PAES) polymer can be prepared as notably described in EP 0 383 600 A2 or as notably described in our copending U.S. Provisional
  • the (t-PAES) polymer is especially well suited for providing oil and gas recovery articles, having (1) high Tg and Tm for thermal performance, (2) high chemical resistance to chemicals important to the oil and gas fields including notably sulfuric acid, (3) resistance to rapid decompression and are of (4) thermoplastic nature.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material may comprise (t-PAES) polymer in a weight amount of at least 10 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 % or at least 50 %, based on the total weight of the (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material comprises (t-PAES) polymer in a weight amount of at least 70 %, based on the total weight of the (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material comprises the (t-PAES) polymer in a weight amount of at least 90 %, if not at least 95 %, based on the total weight of the (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material consists essentially of the (t-PAES) polymer. The most preferably, it consists essentially of the (t-PAES) polymer.
  • the expression “consisting essentially of” is to be understood to mean that any additional component different from the (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above, is present in an amount of at most 1 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition (C), so as not to substantially alter advantageous properties of the composition.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material may further optionally comprise one or more than one additional ingredient (I) different from the (t-PAES) polymer, generally selected from the group consisting of (i) colorants such as notably a dye (ii) pigments such as notably titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide and zinc oxide (iii) light stabilizers, e.g.
  • UV stabilizers heat stabilizers
  • antioxidants such as notably organic phosphites and phosphonites
  • acid scavengers processing aids
  • nucleating agents ix) internal lubricants and/or external lubricants
  • flame retardants xi) smoke-suppressing agents
  • anti-static agents xi) anti-blocking agents
  • conductivity additives such as notably carbon black and carbon nanofibrils
  • plasticizers xiv) flow modifiers
  • extenders xvi) metal deactivators and combinations comprising one or more of the foregoing additives.
  • their total weight is usually below 20 %, preferably below 10 %, more preferably below 5 % and even more preferably below 2 %.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material comprises more than 80 wt. % of the (t-PAES) polymer with the proviso that the (t-PAES) polymer is the only polymeric component in the (t-PAES) polymeric material and one or more than one additional ingredient (I) might be present therein, without these components dramatically affecting relevant mechanical and toughness properties of (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • polymeric components' is to be understood according to its usual meaning, i.e. encompassing compounds characterized by repeated linked units, having typically a molecular weight of 2 000 or more.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material may further comprise at least one reinforcing filler.
  • Reinforcing fillers are well known by the skilled in the art. They are preferably selected from fibrous and particulate fillers different from the pigment as defined above. More preferably, the reinforcing filler is selected from mineral fillers (such as talc, mica, kaolin, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, magnesium carbonate), glass fiber, carbon fibers, synthetic polymeric fiber, aramid fiber, aluminum fiber, titanium fiber, magnesium fiber, boron carbide fibers, rock wool fiber, steel fiber, wollastonite etc. Still more preferably, it is selected from mica, kaolin, calcium silicate, magnesium carbonate, glass fiber, carbon fibers and wollastonite etc.
  • the filler is chosen from fibrous fillers.
  • a particular class of fibrous fillers consists of whiskers, i.e. single crystal fibers made from various raw materials, such as Al 2 O 3 , SiC, BC, Fe and Ni.
  • the reinforcing filler is chosen from wollastonite and glass fiber.
  • glass fibers are preferred ; they include chopped strand A-, E-, C-, D-, S-, T- and R-glass fibers, as described in chapter 5.2.3, p. 43-48 of Additives for Plastics Handbook, 2nd edition, John Murphy .
  • Glass fibers optionally comprised in polymer (t-PAES) polymeric material may have a circular cross-section or a non-circular cross-section (such as an oval or rectangular cross-section).
  • the glass fibers used have a circular cross-section, they preferably have an average glass fiber diameter of 3 to 30 ⁇ m and particularly preferred of 5 to 12 ⁇ m.
  • Different sorts of glass fibers with a circular cross-section are available on the market depending on the type of the glass they are made of.
  • the reinforcing filler is a carbon fiber.
  • carbon fiber is intended to include graphitized, partially graphitized and ungraphitized carbon reinforcing fibers or a mixture thereof.
  • Carbon fibers useful for the present invention can advantageously be obtained by heat treatment and pyrolysis of different polymer precursors such as, for example, rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), aromatic polyamide or phenolic resin ; carbon fibers useful for the present invention may also be obtained from pitchy materials.
  • the term “graphite fiber” intends to denote carbon fibers obtained by high temperature pyrolysis (over 2000°C) of carbon fibers, wherein the carbon atoms place in a way similar to the graphite structure.
  • Carbon fibers useful for the present invention are preferably chosen from the group composed of PAN-based carbon fibers, pitch based carbon fibers, graphite fibers, and mixtures thereof.
  • the weight of said reinforcing filler is advantageously preferably below 60 % wt., more preferably below 50 % wt., even more preferably below 45 % wt., most preferably below 35 % wt., based on the total weight of the (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the reinforcing filler is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 60 % wt., preferably from 20 to 50 % wt., preferably from 25 to 45 % wt., most preferably from 25 to 35 % wt., based on the total weight of the polymer (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material can be prepared by a variety of methods involving intimate admixing of the at least one (t-PAES) polymer, optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I) desired in the polymeric material, for example by dry blending, suspension or slurry mixing, solution mixing, melt mixing or a combination of dry blending and melt mixing.
  • the dry blending of (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above, preferably in powder state, optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I) is carried out by using high intensity mixers, such as notably Henschel-type mixers and ribbon mixers so as to obtain a physical mixture, in particular a powder mixture of the at least one (t-PAES) polymer, optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I).
  • high intensity mixers such as notably Henschel-type mixers and ribbon mixers
  • the intimate admixing of the at least one (t-PAES) polymer, optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I) desired in the polymeric material is carried out by tumble blending based on a single axis or multi-axis rotating mechanism so as to obtain a physical mixture.
  • the slurry mixing of the (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I) is carried out by first slurrying said (t-PAES) polymer in powder form with optionally the polymers (T), optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I) using an agitator in an appropriate liquid such as for example methanol, followed by filtering the liquid away, so as to obtain a powder mixture of the at least one (t-PAES) polymer, optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I).
  • the solution mixing of the (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above, optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I) using an agitator in an appropriate solvent or solvent blends such as for example diphenyl sulfone, benzophenone, 4-chlorophenol, 2-chlorophenol, meta-cresol. Diphenyl sulfone and 4-chlorophenol are most preferred.
  • the physical mixture, in particular the obtained powder mixture, of the at least one (t-PAES) polymer, optionally the reinforcing filler and optionally additional ingredient (I) is typically melt fabricated by known methods in the art including notably melt fabrication processes such as compression molding, injection molding, extrusion and the like, to provide the above described part of an oil and gas recovery article or a finished oil and gas recovery article.
  • the obtained powder mixture can comprise the (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above, the reinforcing filler, as detailed above, and optionally, other ingredients (I) in the weight ratios as above detailed, or can be a concentrated mixture to be used as masterbatch and diluted in further amounts of the (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above, the reinforcing filler, as detailed above, and optionally, other ingredients (I) in subsequent processing steps.
  • the obtained physical mixture can be extruded into a stock shape like a slab or rod from which a final part can be machined.
  • the physical mixture can be compression molded into a finished part of the oil and gas recovery article or into a stock shape from which a finished part of the oil and gas recovery article can be machined.
  • melt compounding can be effected on the powder mixture as above detailed, or directly on the (t-PAES) polymer, as detailed above, the reinforcing filler, as detailed above, and optionally, other ingredients (I).
  • melt compounding devices such as co-rotating and counter-rotating extruders, single screw extruders, co-kneaders, disc-pack processors and various other types of extrusion equipment can be used.
  • extruders more preferably twin screw extruders can be used.
  • the design of the compounding screw e.g. flight pitch and width, clearance, length as well as operating conditions will be advantageously chosen so that sufficient heat and mechanical energy is provided to advantageously fully melt the powder mixture or the ingredients as above detailed and advantageously obtain a homogeneous distribution of the different ingredients.
  • optimum mixing is achieved between the bulk polymer and filler contents.
  • strand extrudates which are not ductile of the (t-PAES) polymeric material of the invention.
  • Such strand extrudates can be chopped by means e.g. of a rotating cutting knife after some cooling time on a conveyer with water spray.
  • (t-PAES) polymeric material which may be present in the form of pellets or beads can then be further used for the manufacture of the above described part of the oil and gas recovery article.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for the manufacture of the above described part of the oil and gas recovery article. Such method is not specifically limited.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material may be generally processed by injection molding, extrusion, or other shaping technologies.
  • the method for the manufacture of the above described part of the oil and gas recovery article or oil and gas recovery article includes the step of injection molding and solidification of the (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • the method for the manufacture of the above described part of the oil and gas recovery article or oil and gas recovery article includes the step of coating.
  • the (t-PAES) polymeric material can be applied to a wire as a coating by using any suitable coating method, preferably by extrusion coating around a wire to form a coated wire, such as notably disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,546 .
  • the method for the manufacture of the above described part of the oil and gas recovery article or the oil and gas recovery article, as described above includes the machining of a standard shaped structural part in a part having any type of size and shape.
  • a standard shaped structural part include notably a plate, a rod, a slab and the like.
  • Said standard shaped structural parts can be obtained by extrusion or injection molding of the polymer (t-PAES) polymeric material.
  • said oil and gas recovery article parts and finished oil and gas recovery article comprising the (t-PAES) polymeric material of the present invention have (1) high Tg and Tm for thermal performance, (2) high chemical resistance to chemicals important to the oilfield including sulfuric acid, (3) resistance to rapid decompression and (4) thermoplastic nature.
  • said articles can be employed successfully in the HPHT oil and gas environments while at the same time having a more cost effective article fabrication
  • Lithium chloride (99+ %, ACS grade) commercially available from Acros.
  • KetaSpire ® KT-820 NT a PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) fine powder with a maximum particle size defined by 100 % passage through a 100 mesh screen and a melt viscosity at 400°C and 1000 s -1 using ASTM D3835 in the range 0.38 - 0.50 kPa-s; commercially available from SOLVAY SPECIALTY POLYMERS USA, LLC.
  • the flask content was evacuated under vacuum and then filled with high purity nitrogen (containing less than 10 ppm O 2 ).
  • the reaction mixture was then placed under a constant nitrogen purge (60 mL/min).
  • the reaction mixture was heated slowly to 220°C.
  • 15.354 g of K 2 CO 3 were added via a powder dispenser to the reaction mixture over 30 minutes.
  • the reaction mixture was heated to 320°C at 1°C/minute.
  • 1.119 g of 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone were added to the reaction mixture while keeping a nitrogen purge on the reactor.
  • 4.663 g of lithium chloride were added to the reaction mixture.
  • Examples 1 and 2 were prepared according to this general procedure. Except for example 2, 1.119 g of 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone were added to the reaction mixture while keeping a nitrogen purge on the reactor after 27 minutes at 320°C instead of after 13 minutes at 320°C.
  • the molecular weights of the final t-PAES polymer were measured by GPC, as detailed below and for example 1, M n was found to be 39,000 g/mole and Mw was found to be 112,500 g/mole; for example 2, M n was found to be 47,925 g/mole and Mw was found to be 97,036 g/mole, 29 % crystallinity.
  • the t-PAES polymer (example 1 or 2) or the PEEK fine powder polymer (comparative example 3) were compression molded into 4 in x 4 in x 0.125 in plaques using a Fontijne programmable compression molding press according to the compression molding protocols as shown in Table 1.
  • the compression molded plaques of example 1 and comparative example 3 were next machined into Type V ASTM tensile specimens and 0.5 in wide flexural specimens and these specimens were subjected to tensile testing per ASTM method D638 and flexural testing by ASTM method D790 before and after exposure to oil field simulated conditions, i.e. rapid gas depressurization such as in oil field downhole environments as described in detail below, see in Table3.
  • Calibration standard Polystyrene standards part number PL2010-0300 manufactured by Agilent was used for calibration. Each vial contains a mixture of four narrow polydispersity polystyrene standards (a total 11 standard, 371100, 238700, 91800, 46500, 24600, 10110, 4910, 2590, 1570,780 used to establish calibration curve) Concentration of standard : 1 milliliter of mobile phase added in to each vial before GPC injection for calibration Calibration Curve : 1) Type: Relative, Narrow Standard Calibration 2) Fit : 3 rd order regression Integration and calculation : Empower Pro GPC software manufactured by Waters used to acquire data, calibration and molecular weight calculation.
  • Sample Preparation 25 mg of the (t-PAES) polymer was dissolved in 10 ml of 4-chlorophenol upon heating at 170 to 200°C. A small amount (0.2 to 0.4 ml) of said solution obtained was diluted with 4 ml of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The resulting solution was passed through to GPC column according to the GPC conditions mentioned above.
  • a rapid gas decompression (RGD) test was first conducted on flexural bar samples of the example 1 and comparative example 3. This test evaluates the ability of plastic materials to withstand rapid gas depressurization in oil field downhole environments.
  • flexural molded specimens from Example 1 and from comparative example 3 were first placed into a pressure vessel and the vessel was sealed and heated to 175°C.
  • a 90/10 by weight methane/CO 2 mixture was then introduced to the pressure vessel boosting the pressure in the vessel to 1000 bar (14500 psi). After one week maintained at these test pressure and temperature, the pressure was released from the vessel automatically at a controlled rate of 70 bar/minute.
  • the pressure and temperature profile curves for this test are shown in Figure 1 .
  • the specimens of the example 1 and comparative example 3 were taken out of the pressure vessel and were subjected to weight and volume change measurements as well as to flexural property testing. The measurements were performed on five replicate specimens for each material and the results as shown in Table 3, are the average values for the five replicates. Appearance of the exposed specimens was observed visually and reported in Table 3.
  • a hot oil exposure test was conducted using the ASTM tensile test specimens from the example 1 and comparative example 3, as described above.
  • the hot oil exposure test was undertaken at the prevailing vapor pressure in a pressure cell equipped with an external heater band, thermocouple and calibrated pressure sensor. Pressure and temperature were logged by a PC running dedicated software. Specimens were exposed in the high pressure cell at a temperature of 270°C and vapor pressure for a duration of 3 days after which the specimens were taken out and measured for weight change and dimensional change and then returned for an additional exposure time of 3 days at the same conditions.
  • test specimens were taken out for the final time and weight and dimensional changes were measured and logged and additionally tensile testing was conducted on the exposed specimens to determine if there has been any downgrade in mechanical performance as a result of the high pressure and high temperature oil exposure. Weight and volume change results as well as tensile properties before and after exposure are reported in Table 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polyethers (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
EP13185207.1A 2013-07-22 2013-09-19 Öl und Gasgewinnungsartikel Withdrawn EP2851387A1 (de)

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EP13185207.1A EP2851387A1 (de) 2013-09-19 2013-09-19 Öl und Gasgewinnungsartikel
EP14739176.7A EP3024879A1 (de) 2013-07-22 2014-07-16 Artikel für polyarylethersulfonöl- und gasrückgewinnung, verfahren zur herstellung und verfahren zur verwendung
JP2016528427A JP2016535142A (ja) 2013-07-22 2014-07-16 ポリアリーレンエーテルスルホン油およびガス回収物品、調製方法ならびに使用方法
PCT/EP2014/065206 WO2015010977A1 (en) 2013-07-22 2014-07-16 Polyarylethersulfone oil and gas recovery articles, method of preparation and method of use
CN201480041744.6A CN105408397A (zh) 2013-07-22 2014-07-16 聚芳醚砜油气回收制品，制备方法以及使用方法

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US6123114A (en) 1998-02-18 2000-09-26 Coflexip Flexible pipe for riser in off-shore oil production
WO2001061232A1 (en) 2000-02-16 2001-08-23 Nkt Flexibles I/S Flexible, armoured pipe and use of same
US6655456B1 (en) 2001-05-18 2003-12-02 Dril-Quip, Inc. Liner hanger system
US6863124B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2005-03-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Sealed ESP motor system
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EP3024879A1 (de) 2016-06-01

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