Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
  • H01F27/255—Magnetic cores made from particles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
  • H01F27/2823—Wires
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
  • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
  • H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
  • H01F38/18—Rotary transformers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general field of transformers.
• the invention relates to a rotating three-phase transformer.
• a rotating three-phase transformer can transfer energy and / or signals between two axes rotating relative to each other without contact.
• Figures 1 and 2 each show a three-phase transformer 1 rotating according to the prior art.
• Transformer 1 comprises three rotary single-phase transformers 2 corresponding to phases U, V and W.
• Each rotating single-phase transformer 2 comprises a part 3 and a part 4 rotating about an axis A with respect to each other.
• Part 3 is for example a stator and part 4 a rotor, or vice versa.
• the part 3 and the part 4 are both rotatable relative to a fixed reference not shown.
• An O-coil 5 is housed in a notch 6 delimited by a ferromagnetic material body of part 3.
• a toroidal coil 7 is housed in a notch 8 delimited by a ferromagnetic material body of part 4.
• the coils 5 and 7 form the primary and secondary coils (or vice versa).
• FIG. 1 represents a variant called “U” in which part 3 surrounds part 4 with respect to axis A
• FIG. 2 represents a variant called “E” or “in pot” in which part 3 and part 4 are next to each other in the axial direction.
• the three-phase transformer 1 of Figure 1 or 2 has a large mass and volume since it is not possible to best use the magnetic flux of each phase, unlike a three-phase transformer forced static flow in which it is possible to couple the flows.
• Document US 2011/0050377 discloses a three-phase transformer rotating four columns. This transformer has a large mass and volume. This document also describes a three-phase transformer rotating five columns. This transformer has a large mass and volume. In addition, it uses a radial winding passing in notches in the central columns of the magnetic circuit, which is more complex than the toroidal winding used in the transformers of Figures 1 and 2.
• the invention proposes a three-phase transformer comprising a primary part and a secondary part,
• the primary part comprising a first body made of ferromagnetic material and primary coils
• the secondary part comprising a second body made of ferromagnetic material and secondary coils
• the first body delimiting a first annular notch of axis A and a second annular notch of axis A, the first notch being delimited by a first lateral leg, a central leg and a crown, the second notch being delimited by the central leg, a second lateral leg and the crown,
• the primary coils comprising a first O-axis coil in the first slot, a second O-axis coil in the second slot, and one or more third coils connected in series, said third coils being wound around one of said coils. legs passing in notches in said leg.
• the primary transformer uses some of the simple A-axis toroidal coils, which allows a particularly simple structure.
• said third coils are wound around said central leg.
• the primary portion and the secondary portion are rotatable about the axis A, relative to each other.
• the invention provides a rotating three-phase transformer which has, thanks to the coupling of fluxes, a reduced mass and volume, in particular with respect to the use of three single-phase rotating transformers.
• the second body delimits a first annular secondary annular axis A and a second annular secondary annular axis A, the first secondary notch being delimited by a first secondary lateral leg, a secondary central leg and a crown secondary, the second secondary notch being delimited by the secondary central leg, a second secondary lateral leg and the secondary crown,
• the secondary coils comprising a first O-axis second secondary coil in the first secondary notch, a second A-axis second secondary coil in the second secondary notch, and one or more third secondary coils connected in series, said third coils being wound around one of said secondary legs through notches in said secondary leg.
• the secondary is made according to the same principle as the primary.
• the secondary thus also contributes to limiting the mass and the volume of the transformer, and allows the realization of the transformer using only toric coils of axis A.
• the secondary is produced according to a different principle than the primary one. For example, it uses, for each phase, one or more coils surrounding the corresponding leg.
• the first lateral leg and the first secondary lateral leg are in the extension of one another and separated by an air gap
• the first central leg and the first central secondary leg are in the extension one. of the other and separated by an air gap
• the second lateral leg and the second secondary lateral leg are in the extension of one another and separated by a gap.
• the primary portion may surround the abutment relative to axis A or vice versa. This corresponds to a realization of a transformer called "in U”.
• the primary part and the secondary part can be located next to each other in the direction of the axis A. This corresponds to an embodiment of a transformer called "in E” or "in Pot”.
• the primary portion and the secondary portion are fixed relative to one another.
• a fixed transformer according to the invention has the same advantages as a rotary transformer according to the invention.
• the first body and the second body of ferromagnetic material completely surround the primary coils and the secondary coils.
• the transformer is magnetically battleship.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 are each a sectional view of a three-phase transformer rotating according to the prior art
• FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of a three-phase magnetically charged, forced-flux, rotating transformer according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the magnetic circuit of the transformer of FIGS. 3 and 4,
• FIG. 6 is an electrical diagram showing an example of connection of the transformer coils of FIGS. 3 and 4,
• FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the magnetic circuit of a three-phase magnetically charged, forced-flux, three-phase rotating transformer according to a second embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a magnetically battledressed three-phase fixed transformer with forced bonded flux, according to a third embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a fixed-phase, forced-flow, fixed transformer, according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a three-phase rotating transformer with forced bonded flows, according to a first embodiment useful for understanding the invention
• FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of the magnetic circuit of the transformer of FIG. 10,
• FIG. 12 is an electrical diagram illustrating the operation of the transformer of FIG. 10,
• FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the magnetic circuit of a transformer according to a second embodiment used in the understanding of the invention, which can be considered as a variant of the transformer of FIG. 10, and
• FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a rotating transformer, forced bonded flow, according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• FIGS 3 and 4 are sectional views of a transformer 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• the transformer 10 is a three-phase rotating transformer magnetically battled, forced flow forced.
• the transformer 10 comprises a portion 11 and a portion 12 adapted to rotate about an axis A with respect to each other.
• Part 11 is for example a stator and part 12 a rotor, or vice versa.
• the portion 11 and the portion 12 are both rotatable relative to a fixed reference not shown.
• Part 12 comprises a ring 13 of axis A and three legs 14, 15 and 16 of ferromagnetic material.
• Each of the legs 14, 15 and 16 extends radially away from the axis A, from the crown 13.
• the leg 14 is at one end of the crown 3, the leg 16 is at another end of the crown 13, and the leg 15 is between the legs 14 and 16.
• the ring 13 and the legs 14 and 15 define an annular notch 34 open radially outwardly.
• the ring 13 and the legs 15 and 16 delimit an annular notch 35 open radially outwards.
• the ring 13 and the legs 14, 15 and 16 form a body of ferromagnetic material delimiting two notches 34 and 35 annular open radially outwardly.
• Part 11 comprises a ring 17 of axis A and three legs 18, 19 and 20 of ferromagnetic material.
• the ring 17 surrounds the ring 13.
• Each of the legs 18, 19 and 20 extend radially towards the axis A, from the ring 17.
• the leg 18 is at one end of the ring 17, the leg 20 is located at another end of the ring 17, and the leg 19 is between the legs 18 and 20.
• the ring 17 and the legs 18 and 19 define a notch 22 annular opening radially inwardly.
• the ring 17 and the legs 19 and 20 delimit an annular notch 23 open radially inwards.
• the ring 17 and the legs 18, 19 and 20 form a body of ferromagnetic material delimiting two notches 22 and 23 annular open radially inwards.
• the legs 14 and 18, respectively 15 and 19 and 16 and 20 face each other by delimiting an air gap 21, and thus form columns of the transformer 10.
• the rings 13 and 17 and the legs 14 to 16 and 18 to 20 form a magnetic circuit of the transformer 10.
• the transformer 10 is a transformer with three columns. More specifically, the magnetic circuit of the transformer 10 comprises a first a first column (corresponding to the legs 14 and 18), a second column (corresponding to the legs 15 and 19) and a third column (corresponding to the legs 16 and 20).
• the transformer 10 comprises coils 24, 25a, 25b, 25c,
• the coil 24 is an O-axis coil corresponding to a phase Up of the transformer 10. It is in the notch 22 and has no turns.
• the coils 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d are connected in series and correspond to a phase Vp of the transformer 10.
• Each of the coils 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d surrounds a portion of the leg 19 by passing through notches 36 formed in the leg 19, as shown in FIG. 4. Together, the coils 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d have no turns
• the coil 26 is an O-axis coil corresponding to a phase Wp of the transformer 10. It is in the notch 23 and has no turns.
• the winding of the phases Up and Wp is annular about the axis A, while the winding of the phase Vp is radially around the central column (corresponding to the legs 15 and 19).
• O-axis coil coil is meant a coil whose turns are wound around the axis A.
• the term "ring” is not used in the limiting sense referring to a solid generated by the rotation of a circle around an axis.
• the section of a toroidal coil can be rectangular, in particular.
• the coil 28 is an O-axis coil corresponding to a phase Us of the transformer 10. It is in the notch 34 and has n 2 turns.
• the coils 29a, 29b, 29c and 29d are connected in series and correspond to a phase Vs of the transformer 10.
• Each of the coils 29a, 29b, 29c and 29d surrounds part of the leg 15 by passing through notches 37 formed in the leg 15, as shown in FIG. 4. Together, the coils 29a, 29b, 29c and 29d have two turns
• the coil 30 is an O-axis coil corresponding to a phase Ws of the transformer 10. It is in the notch 35 and has n 2 turns.
• the winding of the phases Us and Ws is annular, around the axis A, whereas the winding of the phase Vs is radially around the central column (corresponding to legs 15 and 19).
• the coils 24 and 28 surround a magnetic core 32 located in the ring 13.
• magnetic core is meant a part of the magnetic circuit in which the flow of the same direction created by a coil is the largest.
• the currents flowing in the coils 24 and 28 therefore correspond to magnetic potentials in the magnetic core 32.
• the coils 26 and 30 surround a magnetic core 33 located in the ring 13. Circulating currents in the coils 26 and 30 corresponding to magnetic potentials in the magnetic core 33.
• the coils 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 29a, 29b, 29c and 29d surround a magnetic core 38 located in the central column formed by the legs 15 and 19.
• the transformer 410 thus has three magnetic cores: the axial cores 32 and 33, and a radial core 38 along the central column.
• FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the magnetic circuit of the transformer 10.
• FIG. 6 shows:
• connection points allowing all the electrical couplings identical to any fixed three-phase transformer
• the black dots indicate the relationship between the current flowing in a coil and the direction of the corresponding magnetic potential.
• the coil 24 corresponds, for the current I ap , to a magnetic potential Pa axial directed to the right in the magnetic core 32.
• the coils 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d correspond, for the current Ib P. at a radial magnetic potential Pb directed downwards in the magnetic core 38.
• the coil 26 corresponds, for the current I cp , to an axial magnetic potential Pc directed to the left in the magnetic core 33.
• the magnetic potentials Pa , Pb and Pc are equal in modules, of opposite directions on each magnetic core and symmetrical with respect to the point of symmetry 39 located at the intersection of the three cores.
• the winding direction of the coils and / or their connection points are different so that the magnetic potentials Pa, Pb and Pc are in opposite directions with respect to the example shown.
• This configuration allows a correct coupling of flows. More precisely, the topology of the transformer 10 makes it possible to obtain a coupling coefficient of 3/2.
• the transformer 10 comprises four primary coils 25a to 25d in series and four secondary coils 29a to 29d in series.
• the number of coils on the central column may be higher or lower.
• the number of coils on the central column may differ between the primary and the secondary.
• the notches 36 and 37 are formed in the central column (legs 15 and 19).
• the coils 25a-25d and 29a-29d thus surround the central column and the magnetic core 38 is located in the central column.
• the notches 36 and 37 are formed in one of the side columns (legs 14 and 18 or 16 and 20).
• the coils 25a to 25d and 29a to 29d thus surround one of the side columns and the magnetic core 38 is located in this side column.
• Such a variant is, however, not magnetically armored.
• the transformer 10 has several advantages. In particular, it can be seen that the magnetic circuit completely surrounds the coils 24 to 30. The transformer 10 is therefore battleship magnetically. In addition, some of the coils 24 to 30 are O-axis toroidal coils. The transformer 10 thus makes it possible to use coils of simple shape.
• the phases of the transformer 10 can be balanced in inductance and resistance.
• the air gap creates significant column reluctances relative to the reluctances of the rings 13 and 17, the reluctances of the crowns can be neglected and it is possible to obtain partial balancing for columns of the same reluctances.
• the design of the magnetic circuit can therefore be particularly simple.
• An improvement of possible realization allowing a better balance is to increase slightly the reluctance of the central column so as to compensate for the imbalance of the reluctances due to the secondary reluctances (reluctance of the crown, reluctance of the fringes, ). To do this, it is possible to slightly decrease the width of the central column or slightly increase the gap thereof with respect to other columns.
• the transformer 10 has a mass and a reduced volume.
• Q be the quantity of conductive material of a coil of one of the three single-phase transformers of the transformer 1.
• the quantity of conductive material at the level of the windings of the transformer 1 is therefore 30.
• each single-phase transformer of the transformer 1 has an overall reluctance of the magnetic circuit close to 2 Re. In the case of the transformer 10, there is an overall reluctance of the magnetic circuit close to 3/2 Re.
• the quantity of conductive material is Q / V2. If one is at iso-losses joules the resistance (pl / S) is also divided by V2 (length divided by V2) so to preserve the losses joules one can divide the section by V2 for a same current of load, magnetizing and tension ( in fact we may not have a gain as important since it is necessary to avoid local heating, all depends on the thermal conduction). The quantity of conductive material for the coil 24 is therefore Q / 2. The same reasoning applies to the coil 26.
• Q the same amount of material driver.
• the amount of conductive material is 3Q / 2.
• K H A constant related to magnetic materials and the structure of the magnetic circuit
• K F A constant related to magnetic materials and the structure of the magnetic circuit
• FIG. 7 shows the magnetic circuit of a transformer (not shown) according to a second embodiment.
• This transformer can be considered as an "E" or "Pot" variant of the "U" -shaped transformer of FIG. 3.
• the same references are thus used in FIG. 7 as in FIG. 3, without any risk of confusion. and a detailed description of the transformer according to the second embodiment is omitted.
• references 13 and 17 correspond to two axially spaced rings, that the legs 14 to 16 and 18 to 20 extend axially between the two rings 13 and 17, and that the magnetic cores are here located in the columns.
• FIG. 8 represents a transformer 110 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
• the transformer 110 may be considered as a fixed transformer corresponding to the rotating transformer of FIG. 3.
• the same references as in FIG. 3, plus 100, are used to designate elements that are identical or similar to those of Figure 3.
• the transformer 110 comprises a ring 113 of axis A, three legs 114, 115 and 116 and a ring 117 of axis A of ferromagnetic material.
• Each of the legs 114, 115 and 116 extends radially away from the axis A, from the crown 113.
• the leg 114 is at one end of the crown 113
• the leg 116 is at another end of the crown 113
• the leg 115 is between the legs 114 and 116.
• the ring 117 surrounds the crown 113 and the legs 114 to 116, delimiting an air gap 121.
• the rings 113 and 117 and the legs 114 to 116 form a magnetic circuit of the three-column transformer 110. More specifically, the magnetic circuit of the transformer 110 comprises a first column (corresponding to the leg 114), a second column (corresponding to the leg 115) and a third column (corresponding to the leg 116).
• the magnetic circuit of the transformer 110 delimits a notch 122 between the two rings, the first column and the second column, and a notch 123 between the two rings, the second column and the third column.
• the transformer 110 comprises coils 124, 125a, 125d (as well as two unrepresented coils), 126, 128, 129a, 129c (as well as two coils not shown) and 130 corresponding to the coils 24 to 30 of the transformer 10.
• the transformer 110 is a three-phase stationary transformer battleably magnetically, forced bonded flow, and magnetic circuit three columns. It has a similar operation and advantages to the transformer 10 of FIG.
• FIG. 9 represents a transformer 210 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• the transformer 210 can be considered as a magnetically non-batted variant of the magnetically batted transformer 110 of FIG. 8.
• the same references are therefore used in FIG. 9 as in FIG. 8, without any risk of confusion, and a detailed description of the transformer 210. is omitted. It is simply noted that the magnetic circuit of the transformer 210 does not completely surround the coils 124, 128, 126 and 130 and that the transformer 210 is therefore not magnetically battled, unlike the transformer 110.
• FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a transformer 310 according to a first embodiment useful for understanding the invention.
• the transformer 310 is a three-phase rotating transformer with forced bonded flux and can be considered as a variant of the transformer 10 of FIG. 3.
• FIG. 10 (and FIGS. 11 to 13), the elements that are identical or similar to FIG. elements of the transformer 10 of Figure 3 are designated by the same references, without risk of confusion.
• the specific features of the transformer 310 are described in detail.
• the transformer 310 comprises four coils, of which a coil 324a and a coil 324d are shown in FIG. 10, connected in series and which pass into notches 36 formed in the leg 18 (the notches 36). are visible in Figure 11).
• the transformer 310 comprises four coils, of which a coil 328a and a coil 328d are shown in FIG. 10, connected in series and which pass into notches 37 in the leg 15. .
• the transformer 310 comprises four coils, a coil 326a and a coil 326d are shown in Figure 10, connected in series and which pass into notches 36 formed in the leg 20.
• the transformer 310 comprises four coils, including a coil 330a and a coil 330c are shown on 10, connected in series and which pass into notches 37 formed in the leg 16.
• the transformer 310 thus has three radial magnetic cores: A core 38 in the central column formed by the legs 15 and 19, a core 39 in the column formed by the legs 14 and 18, and a core 40 in the column formed by the legs 16 and 20.
• FIG. 12 on which the same notations as in FIG. 6 are used, illustrates the operation of the transformer 310.
• the coils 324a, 324d and the unrepresented coils which are connected to them correspond, for a current I ap , to a magnetic potential Pa radial directed towards the axis A in the magnetic core 39.
• the coils 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d correspond, for a current I bp , to a radial magnetic potential Pb directed to the axis A in the magnetic core 38.
• the coils 326a, 326d and the unrepresented coils connected to them correspond, for a current I cp , at a radial magnetic potential Pc directed towards the axis A in the magnetic core 40.
• the magnetic potentials Pa, Pb and Pc are equal in modules and all directed towards the axis A.
• the magnetic potentials Pa, Pb and Pc are of opposite directions with respect to the example represented, it is that is, they are all directed away from the A axis.
• the topology of the transformer 310 makes it possible to obtain the same coupling coefficient of 3/2 as in the case of the transformer 10 described above. To obtain the theoretical coupling coefficient and the three-phase equilibrium, it is sufficient that the reluctances between the midpoint of the ring 17 and the midpoint of the ring 13 passing through each column are identical.
• the transformer 310 has the same advantages as the transformer 10, except the use of only toroidal coils.
• the transformer 310 makes it possible in particular to obtain a coupling of the phases making it possible to recover the multiplying coefficient 3/2.
• the transformer 310 comprises, for each phase, four primary coils in series (coils 25a to 25d in the case of the central phase) and four secondary coils in series (coils 29a to 29d in the case of the central phase).
• the number of coils on each column may be higher or lower. The number of coils on each column may differ between primary and secondary.
• the transformer 310 shown in Figures 10 to 12 is a transformer "U".
• an "E” or “Pot” transformer has a similar topology.
• the magnetic cores are axial.
• FIG. 13 represents, in exploded perspective view, a magnetic circuit making it possible to produce such an "E" variant.
• Elements corresponding to elements of Figure 11 are designated by the same references, without risk of confusion.
• the coils make it possible to reproduce the three-phase flows in the three columns of the transformer in a manner equivalent to a fixed three-phase transformer with forced bonded fluxes.
• the coils make it possible to reproduce the three-phase flows in the three transformer columns in a manner equivalent to a three-phase fixed transformer with forced flow.
• the primary and secondary of these transformers are compatible.
• the primary of the transformer 10 is compatible with any secondary whose topology makes it possible to reproduce three-phase flows in three columns in a manner equivalent to a three-phase fixed transformer with forced bonded flows.
• the primary and secondary are made according to the same principle.
• the primary or the secondary is produced according to a different principle, for example according to that of the transformer 310 of FIGS. 10 to 12.
• FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a transformer 410 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, which uses the primary of the transformer 10 and the secondary of the transformer 310.
• FIG. 15 therefore, the same references as in FIG. 3 or in FIG. 10 are used, and a detailed description is omitted.
• a transformer may comprise several secondary.
• the windings of each secondary can be simultaneously made according to the principle of the transformer 10 and the principle of the transformer 310 on the same body if it has the necessary notches in the legs for the passage coils according to the transformer principle 310.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
• Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-05-10 FR FR1254298A patent/FR2990559B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-05-03 WO PCT/FR2013/050987 patent/WO2013167830A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-05-03 RU RU2014149800A patent/RU2630477C2/ru active
  • 2013-05-03 BR BR112014028093A patent/BR112014028093A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2013-05-03 EP EP13725417.3A patent/EP2847774B1/de active Active
  • 2013-05-03 CN CN201380034601.8A patent/CN104412342B/zh active Active
  • 2013-05-03 CA CA2872723A patent/CA2872723C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-05-03 US US14/400,163 patent/US9424978B2/en active Active

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