Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/40—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M107/44—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
  • F01D5/12—Blades
  • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
  • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
  • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
  • F01D5/3092—Protective layers between blade root and rotor disc surfaces, e.g. anti-friction layers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
  • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/04—Elements
  • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
  • C10M2201/0413—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/04—Elements
  • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
  • C10M2201/053—Metals; Alloys used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
  • C10M2209/1013—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
  • C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
  • C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
  • C10M2213/0623—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
  • C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
  • C10N2020/063—Fibrous forms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
  • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/023—Multi-layer lubricant coatings
  • C10N2050/025—Multi-layer lubricant coatings in the form of films or sheets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F05C2251/00—Material properties
  • F05C2251/14—Self lubricating materials; Solid lubricants
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2220/00—Application
  • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
  • F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
  • F05D2300/509—Self lubricating materials; Solid lubricants

Definitions

• the disclosure generally relates to wear resistant articles; more particularly to wear resistant articles having adhered thereon a composite lubricating sheet.
• wear resistant articles are used to prevent or to reduce friction and wear when in sustained contact with other objects due to relative motion of both under high load and/or frictional forces.
• a first aspect of the present invention relates to a wear resistant article comprising: a composite lubricating sheet adhered to a metal substrate, wherein the composite lubricating sheet comprises: a fabric at least partially embedded with a resin, the fabric including an aromatic polyamide yam, and a mixed yam having the aromatic polyamide yam and a low-friction yam; and a metallic layer adhered to one side of the fabric.
• a second aspect of the present invention relates to a turbine engine including at least one part having a composite lubricating sheet adhered thereon, wherein the composite lubricating sheet comprises: a fabric at least partially embedded by a resin, the fabric including an aromatic polyamide yam and a mixed yam having the aromatic polyamide yam and a low- friction yam; and a metallic layer adhered to one side of the resin embedded fabric.
• FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of a wear resistant article, in accordance with the present disclosure.
• FIG. 2 depicts another embodiment of a wear resistant article wherein the article is depicted having a turbine fan blade 52 and a composite lubricating sheet (CLS) 8 adhered thereon.
• CLS composite lubricating sheet
• FIG. 3 depicts another embodiment of a wear resistant article wherein the article is depicted having a rotor disk 102 and CLS 8 adhered thereon.
• Articles used in the aerospace industry, and in particular, in turbine engines are often subjected to high pressure loads and high frictional forces between the articles and other objects in contact with the articles resulting in surface wear and crack formation due to fatigue stress of the articles and/or objects in turbine engines .
• Improvements in the wear resistance of articles is sought so as to improve the lifespan of the articles and/or objects in contact with articles; to reduce the maintenance time of turbine engines; and to increase the operational time of a device, assembly, airplane, etc. that incorporate such articles.
• Wear means the deterioration of any properties of a solid surface by the action of another surface.
• the deteriorated properties may include, but are not limited to, thickness, smoothness, hardness, strength, and/or integrity. It has been discovered that the wear resistance of an article may be improved or increased by having a composite lubricating sheet adhered thereon where the composite lubricating sheet has a metallic layer.
• FIG. 1 An embodiment of a wear resistant article is shown in FIG. 1, in accordance with the present disclosure.
• a wear resistant article 2 is shown having a metal substrate 4 and a composite lubricating sheet (CLS) 8 adhered thereon.
• Reference 5 connotes that metal substrate 4 may continue beyond reference 5 to form a larger, complete metal substrate.
• Metal substrate 4 may be an integrated component in a turbine engine.
• metal substrate 4 may be a part selected from, but not limited to, mechanical parts or components thereof that are subject to wear, such as a turbine fan blade, a rotor disk, and a rotor disk assembly.
• metal substrate 4 may be a turbine fan blade.
• metal substrate 4 may be a rotor disk.
• Metal substrate 4 may comprise a metal selected from titanium, aluminum, steel, nickel, and alloys of the aforementioned.
• metal substrate 4 may comprise titanium.
• metal substrate 4 may comprise steel.
• metal substrate 4 may comprise aluminum.
• CLS 8 may comprise a fabric 6 and a metallic layer 7 adhered to one side of fabric 6.
• Fabric 6 may be at least partially embedded with a resin, and may include an aromatic polyamide yarn and a mixed yarn having the aromatic polyamide yarn and a low- friction yarn.
• the aromatic polyamide yarn may be a plurality of fibers in a bundle, including fiber comprising an aromatic polyamide, used for weaving.
• the aromatic polyamide yarn may include yarns made from but not limited to poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide), poly(meta-phenylene
• the low- friction yarn may be a yarn having a coefficient of friction (COF) against itself which is lower than the COF of the aromatic polyamide yarn against itself.
• the low- friction yarn may comprise graphite or a fluoropolymer.
• the low- friction yarn may comprise graphite fiber or a fluoropolymer fiber.
• the fluoropolymer fiber may be polytetrafluoroethylene fiber.
• Resin embedded fabric 6 may be at least partially embedded with a resin selected from, but not limited to, a phenolic resin, epoxy resin, or a polyimide resin.
• the phenolic resin may comprise phenol-formaldehyde.
• Metallic layer 7 may comprise a metal selected from titanium, aluminum, steel, and nickel. In an embodiment, metallic layer 7 may be titanium. In another embodiment, metallic layer 7 may be steel. Metallic layer 7 may have a thickness in a range from approximately 20 microns to approximately 1,000 microns. In an embodiment, metallic layer 7 may have a thickness in a range from approximately 50 microns to approximately 250 microns. In another embodiment, metallic layer 7 may have a thickness in a range from approximately 70 microns to approximately 100 microns. In another embodiment, metallic layer 7 may have a thickness of approximately 90 microns.
• Metallic layer 7 may be in the form a metallic foil.
• the metallic foil may be a thin, flexible sheet of titanium, aluminum, steel, or nickel.
• metallic layer 7 may be a titanium foil.
• the metallic foil may have a thickness in a range from approximately 20 microns to approximately 1,000 microns. In another
• the metallic foil may have a thickness in a range from approximately 50 microns to approximately 250 microns. In another embodiment, the metallic foil may have a thickness in a range from approximately 70 microns to approximately 100 microns. In another embodiment, the metallic foil may have a thickness of approximately 90 microns.
• Metallic layer 7 may be adhered to one side of resin embedded fabric 6.
• metallic layer 7 may be a pure metal comprising a single metallic element.
• metallic layer 7 may be a metal alloy comprising two or more metallic elements. When two or more metallic elements are a part of metallic layer 7, any element may be a major or predominant element by weight percent.
• elements present in metallic layer 7 include, but are not limited, to titanium, iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, tin, and cobalt. Any of the aforementioned elements may be the major or predominant element by weight percent.
• Metallic layer 7 may have a Vickers hardness value HV of approximately 30 or greater at a load of 100 g applied for 20 seconds according to ASTM E-384. In an embodiment, metallic layer 7 may have a Vickers HV of approximately 100 or greater. In another embodiment, metallic layer 7 may have a Vickers HV of approximately 200 or greater. In another
• metallic layer 7 may have a Vickers HV of approximately 300 or greater.
• composite lubricating sheet 8 having a titanium metallic layer 7 is Vespel ® ASB-0670 product grade available from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
• Other Vespel ® composite lubricating sheet 8 product grades may include metallic layer 7 being steel, aluminum, or nickel.
• Composite lubricating sheet (CLS) 8 may have a thickness in a range from 30 microns to 3 mm. In embodiment, CLS 8 may have a thickness in a range from 50 microns to 1 mm. In another embodiment, the thickness may be in a range from 100 microns to 750 microns.
• CLS 8 may have a Compression Fraction value in a range from 0.1% (0.001) to approximately 20% (0.20) with a pressure applied by compressing at approximately 127 microns/minute up to approximately 450 MPa and then released.
• Compression Fraction means the fraction of thickness lost due to compression under specific conditions.
• composite lubricating sheet 8 may have a Compression Fraction value in a range from 1% (0.010) to approximately 5.7% (0.057).
• the Compression Fraction value may be in a range from 1.3% (0.013) to approximately 3% (0.030).
• the aforementioned Compression Fraction value embodiments may be determined with a pressure applied by compressing at approximately 127 microns/minute up to approximately 450 MPa and then released.
• CLS 8 may be adhered to metal substrate 4 to form wear resistant article 2.
• the adherence of CLS 8 may be achieved through physical or chemical bonding.
• One may also use an adhesive such as thermoplastic adhesive, a thermoset adhesive, and other bonding adhesives known in the art.
• metallic layer 7 may be adhered to metal substrate 4.
• the thermoset adhesive may be an epoxy adhesive.
• the bonding adhesive layer may have a thickness in range from approximately 2 microns to 2,000 microns. In an embodiment, the thickness may be in a range from approximately 10 microns to 100 microns. In another embodiment, the thickness may be in a range from approximately 20 microns to 80 microns.
• the surface of metallic layer 7 to be adhered to metal substrate 4 and/or the surface of metal substrate 4 may be surfaced treated.
• Surface treatment may be performed by any known process in the art to treat a metallic surface.
• surface treatment may be performed by a peening process. Typical peening processes involve the impacting a surface with numerous, small particles.
• An example of a peening process is shot peening.
• the shot-peened, roughened surface may have a characteristic roughness identifiable by the appearance of small craters in the surface.
• surface treatment may include sandblasting the surface of metallic layer 7 to be adhered to metal substrate 4 and/or sandblasting the surface of metal substrate 4.
• surface treatment may include chemical etching of the surface of metallic layer 7 to be adhered to metal substrate 4 and/or chemical etching the surface of metal substrate 4.
• surface treatment may include belt sanding of the surface of metallic layer 7 to be adhered to metal substrate 4 and/or belt sanding the surface of metal substrate 4. The aforementioned surface treatments may be performed used in combination to treat the surface of metallic layer 7 and/or the surface of metal substrate 4. For example, the surface of metallic layer 7 to be adhered to metal substrate 4 may be first shot-peened and then the shot- peened surface may be treated by sandblasting prior to adhesion to metal substrate 4.
• the wear resistant article 2 disclosed herein may typically come in sustained contact and movement, through resin embedded fabric 6 of composite lubricating sheet 8, with another object(s) under a high pressure load and under vibratory, reciprocating, and/or circular motions via.
• the high pressure load may be in a range from approximately 100 MPa to approximately 600 MPa.
• Wear resistant article 2 in sustained contact with another object may have a Coefficient of Friction (COF) value in a range from 0.01 to 0.1.
• the COF value may be less than approximately 0.05.
• the COF value may be less than 0.04.
• wear resistant article 2 may be demonstrated by measuring the durability of CLS 8 under controlled pressure and wear conditions. Wear under pressure may be
• HV Vickers Hardness values
• CCS composite lubricating sheet
• CLS 8 of the present disclosure may be resistant to crushing by compressive forces.
• a suitable test for resistance to compressible forces is to determine the fraction of compression that a strong compressive force produces.
• Table 2 lists Compression Fraction percentage values for CLS 8 having various metallic layers 7 and an entry (10) for CLS 8 without a metallic layer for comparison.
• CLS test samples 2, 3, and 4 are representative samples of Vespel ASB-0670 product grade available from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company in which the metallic layer is titanium.
• CLS test samples 1, 5, and 6 are representative samples of other Vespel ® composite lubricating sheet 8 product grades in which the metallic layer 7 is steel (Fe) and aluminum.
• CLS test sample CI is a comparative sample in which it does not have a metallic layer 7.
• Compression fraction percentage values of CLSs 8 were determined using a Mitutoyo IP 54 micrometer and an Instron 1332 fatigue system with n 8800 controller.
• the Mitutoyo IP 54 micrometer was used to measure thickness of CLS by first measuring the initial thickness of a CLS square of approximately 25 mm by approximately 25 mm.
• the Instron 1332 fatigue system was used to apply compressive loads to the CLS square.
• the measured CLS square was then compressed with a 10 mm by 10 mm shot-peened surfaced Ti block to 450 MPa applied at 0.05 inch/min (1270 microns/min) using the Instron 1332 fatigue system.
• 450 MPa pressure was achieved, the pressure was released and measurement of the final thickness of the CLS square was made within one minute using the Mitutoyo IP 54 micrometer.
• CLS 8 of the present disclosure may be resistant to crushing by compressive forces and wear through rubbing/frictional forces.
• a suitable test for resistance to compressible forces and simultaneous frictional force is to determine the Minimum Strokes number CLS 8 may sustain before succumbing to failure.
• Table 3 lists Minimum Strokes values for CLS 8 having a titanium metallic layer 7 and for CLS 8 without a metallic layer for comparison.
• CLS test samples 1 and 2 are representative samples of Vespel ® ASB-0670 product grade available from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company in which the metallic layer is titanium.
• CLS test sample CI is a comparative sample in which it does not have a metallic layer 7.
• Minimum Strokes values of CLSs 8 in use with a metal substrate were determined using an Instron 1321 fatigue system with an 8800 controller. The Minimum Strokes values were reported as the number of reciprocating test strokes of 1.2 mm in length applied at 10 Hz accomplished by the relative motion of the article with respect to resin embedded fabric layer 6 of CLS 8.
• the resin embedded fabric layer 6 of CLS 8 was lightly coated with a lubricant containing a fluorochemical by spraying or painting the lubricant on the surface of the resin embedded fabric layer 6.
• the spraying or coating provides a thin translucent to an opaque coating of lubricant.
• CLS 8 was adhered to a stationary metal substrate by an epoxy adhesive such as for example, NB 101 available from Newport Adhesives and Composites, Inc; Irvine, CA.
• the stationary metal substrate was a sandblasted, 20 mm by 20 mm titanium block with a peen- hardened surface having a Rockwell C33 hardness.
• the metallic layer of CLS 8 was adhered to the titanium block with resin embedded fabric layer 6 of CLS 8 facing away from the titanium block.
• the adhesive was oven cured under low pressure (approximately 5 psi) comprising a first heating step to approximately 79° C for 90 min and then a second heating step to approximately 149° C for an hour.
• the titanium block was then mounted in the lower carrier of the Instron 1321 with CLS 8 facing up.
• FIG. 2 Another embodiment of a wear resistant article is shown in FIG. 2, in accordance with the present invention.
• a wear resistant article 50 is shown having a turbine fan blade 52 and a composite lubricating sheets 8 adhered thereon.
• Turbine fan blade 52 may be an integrated component in a turbine engine.
• turbine fan blade 52 may comprise a metal selected from titanium, aluminum, and steel.
• turbine fan blade 52 may comprise titanium.
• Composite lubricating sheet 8 may be adhered to fan blade roots 54 of turbine fan blade 52.
• Composite lubricating sheet 8 may protect fan blade roots 54 from deterioration when wear resistant article 50 is in use with, for example, a rotor disk 56.
• the forces and loads experienced between fan blade roots 54 and rotor disk 56 during operation of a turbine engine are known in the art.
• Performance characteristics of composite lubricating sheet 8 have been previously described and are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• composite lubricating sheet 8 may be adhered to a metal substrate such as a shim, metallic layer, or any other part already adhered to fan blade roots 54.
• the shim, metallic layer, etc. may comprise a metal selected from titanium or steel.
• FIG. 3 Another embodiment of a wear resistant article is shown in FIG. 3, in accordance with the present invention.
• a wear resistant article 100 is shown having a rotor disk 102 and a composite lubricating sheets 8 adhered thereon.
• Rotor disk 102 may be an integrated component in a turbine engine.
• rotor disk 102 may comprise a metal selected from titanium, aluminum, and steel.
• rotor disk 102 may comprise titanium.
• Embodiments of composite lubricating sheet 8 have been previously described and are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• Composite lubricating sheet 8 may be adhered to an area of recess 104 of rotor disk 102.
• Composite lubricating sheet 8 may protect rotor disk 102 and/or fan blade roots 54 from deterioration when wear resistant article 100 is in use with fan blade 52.
• the forces and loads experienced between fan blade roots 54 and rotor disk 102 during operation of a turbine engine are known in the art.
• Performance characteristics of composite lubricating sheet 8 have been previously described and are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• the turbine engine may include at least one part having a composite lubricated sheet adhered thereon.
• the at least one part may include but is not limited to a turbine fan blade, a rotor disk, and a rotor disk assembly.
• Embodiments and performance characteristics of the composite lubricating sheet have been previously described and are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• Embodiments of the turbine fan blade and rotor disk having a composite lubricating sheet adhered therein have been previously described.
• first”, “second”, and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another, and the terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denotes the presence of at least one of the referenced items.
• the modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the state value and has the meaning dictated by the context, (e.g., includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity).
• the suffix "(s)” as used herein is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term that it modifies, thereby including one or more of that term (e.g., the metal(s) includes one or more metals).
• Ranges disclosed herein are inclusive and independently combinable (e.g., ranges of "to approximately 25 wt %, or, more specifically, approximately 5 wt % to approximately 20 wt %", is inclusive of the endpoints and all intermediate values of ranges of "approximately 5 wt % to approximately 25 wt %", etc.)

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• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-05-14 EP EP12725185.8A patent/EP2847437A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-05-14 JP JP2015511427A patent/JP2015517416A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-05-14 WO PCT/US2012/037826 patent/WO2013169271A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2012-05-14 RU RU2014150077A patent/RU2014150077A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-05-14 WO PCT/US2012/037820 patent/WO2013169270A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2012-05-14 EP EP12721679.4A patent/EP2847436A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-05-14 JP JP2015511426A patent/JP2015517622A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-05-14 WO PCT/US2012/037832 patent/WO2013169272A1/en active Application Filing

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