EP2846123B1 - Seeker head with multi-mode properties - Google Patents

Seeker head with multi-mode properties Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2846123B1
EP2846123B1 EP13004352.4A EP13004352A EP2846123B1 EP 2846123 B1 EP2846123 B1 EP 2846123B1 EP 13004352 A EP13004352 A EP 13004352A EP 2846123 B1 EP2846123 B1 EP 2846123B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
seeker
seeker head
actuator system
seekers
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EP13004352.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2846123A1 (en
Inventor
Christoph Kröner
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MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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Priority to ES13004352T priority Critical patent/ES2751249T3/en
Priority to EP13004352.4A priority patent/EP2846123B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/008—Combinations of different guidance systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2213—Homing guidance systems maintaining the axis of an orientable seeking head pointed at the target, e.g. target seeking gyro
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2253—Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/226—Semi-active homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and involving auxiliary illuminating means, e.g. using auxiliary guiding missiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
    • F41G7/2293—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a seeker head, which is preferably mounted on a missile and can be used for the guidance of this missile.
  • seekers are commonly used for detecting and tracking static or mobile targets to which the missile is to be guided.
  • a signature can emanate from different radiation sources.
  • a signature can be generated by reflection of pulsed illumination of the target by means of semi-active lasers, or the infrared radiation of an engine of the target can be used as a signature.
  • Search heads are already known from the prior art, which have optics that allows dual-mode functionality.
  • Such seekers are used for example in the DE 20 2007 019 050 U1 or in US 6,606,066 B1 discloses and can detect both infrared radiation and laser radiation.
  • their construction is usually very complex, since from reflecting parabolic mirrors, beam splitter in connection with different lens systems and other components an often complicated optical system has to be produced. This makes the seeker expensive and expensive to implement.
  • these elaborate optics are lossy despite the great expense and costly production and therefore usually no longer meet the requirements in terms of range and large field of vision.
  • Another seeker according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from FR 2 973 867 A1 known.
  • a seeker head which is mounted on a support, preferably on a missile.
  • the seeker comprises a plurality of optical viewfinders, each of the optical viewfinder each having its own optical axis, in which the optical viewfinder can look.
  • the optical viewfinders are attached to a holding device, which is mounted opposite the carrier.
  • An actuator system is set up, the holding device relative to the carrier, i. preferably along the storage, to move.
  • the seeker head comprises a computing device that can specify a line of sight of the seeker, whereby the computing device determines in which direction the seeker is to look.
  • the actuator system is set up so that either one of the optical axes of the optical viewfinder can be pivoted into the fixed line of sight of the seeker head.
  • Such a construction makes it possible to design the individual optical viewfinder constructive and optronically simple and therefore cost-effective.
  • the inclusion of the optical viewfinder on the holding device thus produces a multiplicity of optical systems, which can preferably be installed, maintained and operated separately from one another.
  • the computing device can preferably determine which optical axis is to be pivoted into the line of sight, and drive the actuator system accordingly. In this way, the missile can advantageously be used to approach different scenarios or to use different target illuminators.
  • the object is achieved by a method for operating a seeker head, wherein the seeker head for mounting on a support, in particular on a missile, is provided, and the seeker head comprises at least two permanently connected optical viewfinder.
  • An actuator system is preferably designed to be able to move the connected optical viewfinders. The method comprises the following steps: First, a line of sight is set in which the seeker head should look.
  • the actuator system is used to pivot the viewfinders such that optionally an optical axis of one of the optical viewfinders coincides with the fixed line of sight.
  • the currently selected viewfinder looks in the fixed line of sight of the seeker.
  • the optical axis currently coinciding with the line of sight of the seeker head it is possible, for example, for the optical axis currently coinciding with the line of sight of the seeker head to be swung out of the line of sight, while at the same time an optical axis of another optical viewfinder being pivoted into the line of sight.
  • a plurality of optical viewfinders can be used, each of which can perform different tasks, so that a multi-mode functionality of the seeker is realized without using a complex optical lens system.
  • the actuator system according to the invention is set up in such a way that it compensates for movements of the wearer. In this way, an absolute alignment of at least one of the optical viewfinders remains unchanged.
  • the holding device can thus be regarded as a stabilized platform which retains a fixed orientation independently of the movements of the carrier.
  • the use of the stabilized platform is therefore particularly advantageous in that such a stabilized platform is already present in conventional seekers, so that the multi-mode functionality of the seeker head according to the invention can be realized very advantageously by attaching a plurality of optical viewfinders to the stabilized platform , and the actuator system is expanded so that it can pivot the individual optical viewfinders in the line of sight of the seeker head.
  • no further, more expensive components are necessary to realize the required multi-mode functionality.
  • the individual optical axes of the optical viewfinder run through a frame pivot point of the holding device, which is preferably constructed as a gimbal frame body. This minimizes the pivoting travel and minimizes the time needed for panning, which means a short switching time between the individual optical viewfinders.
  • the actuator system is set up to move the holding device in the pitch direction and / or in the yaw direction of the carrier. In these two directions, the holding device can be moved in all relevant directions to keep an alignment of the optical viewfinder constant.
  • each of the optical viewfinders has an operating range which comprises a defined wavelength range.
  • the wavelength range of each optical viewfinder is different from the wavelength range of any other optical viewfinder.
  • the computing device may preferably decide which of the optical viewfinders to use to pan into the line of sight of the seeker head.
  • the seeker head according to the invention is set up such that only one optical axis can be pivoted into the line of sight at the same time.
  • an optical viewfinder with a defined wavelength can always be preferred in the line of sight of the seeker head in order to detect or track a target.
  • the computing device can preferably control the actuator system in order to pivot another optical viewfinder into the line of sight of the seeker head.
  • optical viewfinder is active whose optical axis coincides with the line of sight.
  • the target can always be detected and tracked with a fixed optical viewfinder, while the other optical viewfinders are preferably in a waiting mode.
  • the current optical viewfinder is swung out of the line of sight and another optical viewfinder pivoted into the line of sight, so that this optical viewfinder is now active and the goal is captured and / or tracked.
  • the line of sight of the seeker head preferably remains constant, so that only the operating mode of the seeker head changes.
  • a single dome or a single optical entrance window can be provided on the seeker head or on the support.
  • the previous structure of existing systems can preferably be adopted, wherein the seeker is advantageously equipped with multiple optical viewfinders.
  • the individual optical viewfinders could therefore share a single entrance window or a single dome.
  • the optical axes are angled to each other, and it is particularly advantageous if the optical axes are angled at an acute angle to each other. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the optical axes intersect in the pivot point of the holding device, so that a simple pivoting of the optical viewfinder is possible.
  • the short swiveling paths therefore allow almost uninterrupted tracking and / or detection of a target even if the seeker switches from one mode to the next mode, which means switching from one optical viewfinder to another optical viewfinder.
  • the inventive method is performed by the actuator system is used to compensate for movements of the carrier so that an absolute orientation of the viewfinder remains.
  • This is advantageous in that unwanted movements of the wearer have no influence on the viewing direction of the seeker head.
  • the line of sight of the seeker head always remains focused on a target to be detected and / or tracked while the wearer can independently perform movements such as flight movements.
  • the method according to the invention is furthermore preferably carried out by operating the optical viewfinders with mutually different wavelength ranges. In this way, a flexible and reliable multi-mode functionality of a seeker is realized with the inventive method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a seeker 1, which comprises a first optical viewfinder 2 and a second optical viewfinder 3.
  • the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 preferably have different wavelength ranges to radiation from various radiation sources, such as a semi-active laser with the wavelength 1.06 microns, a semi-active laser with the wavelength of 1 , 54 ⁇ m, an imaging infrared source with a wavelength of 3 to 5 ⁇ m or an imaging infrared source with a wavelength of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 are arranged on a holding device 4, which is designed as a gimbal frame body via an actuator system 5 pivotally.
  • the holding device 4 is constructed conventionally.
  • the individual optical viewfinders are installed both constructively and optically separate from each other and are operated individually.
  • a computing device 6 is connected to the actuator system 5 and the first optical viewfinder and the second optical viewfinder and can perform several tasks.
  • the computing device 6 selects with which of the optical viewfinders 2 or 3 the seeker head is to be operated. Accordingly, the computing device 6 controls the actuator system 5 to control the selected viewfinder in FIG to sweep a line of sight of the seeker. Furthermore, the computing device is set up to compensate for movements of a missile on which the seeker head 1 can be mounted, so that the absolute alignment of the holding device 4 and thus also the absolute alignment of the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 remains contant.
  • the seeker 1 is multi-mode capable through the use of the first optical finder 2 and the second optical finder 3. For this purpose, only one of the two seekers must be activated. This is in the FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrated.
  • FIG. 2 is the arrangement of the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 from FIG. 1 shown schematically.
  • the first optical viewfinder 2 has a first optical axis 20, while the second optical viewfinder 3 has a second optical axis 30.
  • a line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1 is provided, which is determined by the computing device 6.
  • the holding device 4 is constructed as a gimbal frame body so that the optical axes 20, 30 of the individual optical viewfinders 2, 3 (optical channels) run through the frame pivot point. There is always an optical channel with a defined wavelength in the line of sight of the seeker. When switching to another channel with a different wavelength, the inner frame body is pivoted by the actuator system 5 until the other preselected channel lies in the line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1. In this case, only one optical channel can always be swiveled into the line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1, so that only one wavelength range is ever used. This can be used to approach different scenarios or to use different target observers.
  • the first optical viewfinder 2 is active. Therefore, the first optical axis 20 coincides with the line of sight 10. Since the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 have a different wavelength range, the seeker head 1 is currently in a first operating mode. This means that the first optical viewfinder 2 performs the task of detecting and tracking a destination. Should the computing device 6 determine that another Operating mode is required, it can pivot the holding device 4, whereby a further seeker is active. In FIG. 2 this is indicated by the arrow 100, which indicates that it is intended to change from the first optical viewfinder 2 to the second optical viewfinder 3.
  • FIG. 3 1 is shown as the second optical viewfinder 3 is activated while the first optical viewfinder 2 has been put into a waiting mode.
  • the second optical axis 30 of the second optical viewfinder 3 now coincides with the line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1.
  • the seeker 1 is therefore in a second operating mode, since now the second optical viewfinder 3 has taken over the task of detecting and / or tracking a target.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 can be seen that a change of the operating mode, ie a change of the active seeker, can be realized very quickly by the small travels. Thus, a virtually uninterrupted detection and / or tracking of a target is possible.
  • the basic structure of the missile need not be changed. For example, all viewfinders can share a single optical entrance window or a single dome. In this way, the structure of the missile is not unnecessarily complicated and therefore not expensive.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Suchkopf, der bevorzugt auf einem Flugkörper befestigt ist und für die Führung dieses Flugkörpers eingesetzt werden kann. So werden Suchköpfe üblicherweise zum Erfassen und Verfolgen von statischen oder mobilen Zielen verwendet, zu denen der Flugkörper geführt werden soll.The present invention relates to a seeker head, which is preferably mounted on a missile and can be used for the guidance of this missile. Thus, seekers are commonly used for detecting and tracking static or mobile targets to which the missile is to be guided.

Bisherige Suchköpfe können lediglich in einem schmalen Wellenlängenbereich operieren, wodurch solche Suchköpfe auf die Verfolgung einer einzigen Signatur eines Ziels beschränkt sind. In zukünftigen Anwendungen sollen Suchköpfe jedoch Multi-Mode-fähig sein, was bedeutet, dass die Suchköpfe je nach Szenario verschiedene Signaturen erfassen und verfolgen können. Die Signaturen eines Ziels können von unterschiedlichen Strahlungsquellen ausgehen. So kann beispielsweise eine Signatur durch Reflektion einer pulsierenden Beleuchtung des Ziels mittels Semi-Active-Laser erzeugt werden oder als Signatur die Infrarotstrahlung eines Triebwerks des Ziels verwendet werden.Previous seekers can operate only in a narrow range of wavelengths, which limits such seekers to tracking a single signature of a target. However, in future applications seekers should be multi-mode capable, which means that the seeker can capture and track different signatures depending on the scenario. The signatures of a target can emanate from different radiation sources. Thus, for example, a signature can be generated by reflection of pulsed illumination of the target by means of semi-active lasers, or the infrared radiation of an engine of the target can be used as a signature.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind bereits Suchköpfe bekannt, die eine Optik aufweisen, die Dual-Mode-Funktionalität ermöglicht. Solche Suchköpfe werden beispielsweise in der DE 20 2007 019 050 U1 oder in US 6,606,066 B1 offenbart und können sowohl Infrarotstrahlung als auch Laserstrahlung erfassen. Jedoch ist deren Konstruktion meist sehr aufwändig, da aus reflektierenden Parabolspiegeln, Strahlenteiler in Verbindung mit unterschiedlichen Linsensystemen und weiteren Bauteilen ein oftmals kompliziertes optisches System hergestellt werden muss. Dadurch wird der Suchkopf kostspielig und aufwändig zu realisieren. Weiterhin sind diese aufwändigen Optiken trotz des großen Aufwands und der kostspieligen Herstellung verlustbehaftet und daher den Anforderungen hinsichtlich Reichweite und großem Sichtfeld meist nicht mehr gewachsen. Schließlich lassen sich derartige Suchköpfe nicht mit vertretbarem Aufwand an neue Anforderungen anpassen, sind daher für moderne Anwendungen nicht flexibel genug. Ein anderer Suchkopf gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der FR 2 973 867 A1 bekannt.Search heads are already known from the prior art, which have optics that allows dual-mode functionality. Such seekers are used for example in the DE 20 2007 019 050 U1 or in US 6,606,066 B1 discloses and can detect both infrared radiation and laser radiation. However, their construction is usually very complex, since from reflecting parabolic mirrors, beam splitter in connection with different lens systems and other components an often complicated optical system has to be produced. This makes the seeker expensive and expensive to implement. Furthermore, these elaborate optics are lossy despite the great expense and costly production and therefore usually no longer meet the requirements in terms of range and large field of vision. Finally, such seekers can not be adapted to new requirements with reasonable effort, are therefore not flexible enough for modern applications. Another seeker according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from FR 2 973 867 A1 known.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Suchkopf bereitzustellen, der die oben genannten Nachteile im Stand der Technik ausräumt, insbesondere ist es Aufgabe, einen Suchkopf bereitzustellen, der bei kostengünstiger Herstellung eine flexible und zuverlässige Multi-Mode-Funktionalität aufweist.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a seeker, which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, in particular, it is an object to provide a seeker having a cost-effective production of a flexible and reliable multi-mode functionality.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Kombination der Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Dieser offenbart einen Suchkopf, der auf einem Träger, vorzugsweise auf einem Flugkörper, montiert ist. Dabei umfasst der Suchkopf mehrere optische Sucher, wobei jeder der optischen Sucher jeweils eine eigene optische Achse aufweist, in die der optische Sucher blicken kann. Die optischen Sucher sind an einer Haltevorrichtung befestigt, die gegenüber dem Träger gelagert ist. Ein Aktorsystem ist eingerichtet, die Haltevorrichtung relativ zum Träger, d.h. bevorzugt entlang der Lagerung, zu bewegen. Weiterhin umfasst der Suchkopf eine Rechenvorrichtung, die eine Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs vorgeben kann, wodurch die Rechenvorrichtung festlegt, in welche Richtung der Suchkopf blicken soll. Schließlich ist das Aktorsystem derart eingerichtet, dass wahlweise eine der optischen Achsen der optischen Sucher in die festgelegte Sichtlinie des Suchkopfes geschwenkt werden kann. Ein derartiger Aufbau ermöglicht es, die einzelnen optischen Sucher konstruktiv und optronisch einfach und damit kostengünstig auszulegen. Durch die Aufnahme der optischen Sucher an der Haltevorrichtung entsteht somit eine Vielzahl von optischen Systemen, die bevorzugt getrennt voneinander eingebaut, gewartet und individuell betrieben werden können. Somit kann die Rechenvorrichtung bevorzugt festlegen, welche optische Achse in die Sichtlinie geschwenkt werden soll, und das Aktorsystem entsprechend ansteuern. Auf diese Weise können mit dem Flugkörper vorteilhaft verschiedene Szenarien angeflogen oder verschiedene Ziel-Beleuchter benutzt werden.The object is achieved by the combination of the features of independent claim 1. This discloses a seeker head, which is mounted on a support, preferably on a missile. In this case, the seeker comprises a plurality of optical viewfinders, each of the optical viewfinder each having its own optical axis, in which the optical viewfinder can look. The optical viewfinders are attached to a holding device, which is mounted opposite the carrier. An actuator system is set up, the holding device relative to the carrier, i. preferably along the storage, to move. Furthermore, the seeker head comprises a computing device that can specify a line of sight of the seeker, whereby the computing device determines in which direction the seeker is to look. Finally, the actuator system is set up so that either one of the optical axes of the optical viewfinder can be pivoted into the fixed line of sight of the seeker head. Such a construction makes it possible to design the individual optical viewfinder constructive and optronically simple and therefore cost-effective. The inclusion of the optical viewfinder on the holding device thus produces a multiplicity of optical systems, which can preferably be installed, maintained and operated separately from one another. Thus, the computing device can preferably determine which optical axis is to be pivoted into the line of sight, and drive the actuator system accordingly. In this way, the missile can advantageously be used to approach different scenarios or to use different target illuminators.

Weiterhin wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Suchkopfes gelöst, wobei der Suchkopf für die Montage auf einem Träger, insbesondere auf einem Flugkörper, vorgesehen ist, und der Suchkopf zumindest zwei fest verbundene optische Sucher umfasst. Ein Aktorsystem ist bevorzugt dazu ausgelegt, dass es die verbundenen optischen Sucher bewegen kann. Das Verfahren umfasst die folgenden Schritte: Zunächst wird eine Sichtlinie festgelegt, in die der Suchkopf blicken soll.Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method for operating a seeker head, wherein the seeker head for mounting on a support, in particular on a missile, is provided, and the seeker head comprises at least two permanently connected optical viewfinder. An actuator system is preferably designed to be able to move the connected optical viewfinders. The method comprises the following steps: First, a line of sight is set in which the seeker head should look.

Anschließend wird das Aktorsystem dazu verwendet, um die Sucher derart zu schwenken, dass wahlweise eine optische Achse eines der optischen Sucher mit der festgelegten Sichtlinie übereinstimmt. Somit ist es vorteilhaft möglich, dass der aktuell ausgewählte Sucher in die festgelegte Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs blickt. Durch das erfindungsgemäß Verfahren wird es beispielsweise möglich, dass die aktuell mit der Sichtline des Suchkopfs übereinstimmende optische Achse aus der Sichtlinie hinausgeschwenkt wird, während gleichzeitig eine optische Achse eines anderen optischen Suchers in die Sichtlinie hineingeschwenkt wird. Auf diese Weise können mehrere optische Sucher verwendet werden, die jeweils unterschiedliche Aufgaben wahrnehmen können, so dass eine Multi-Mode-Funktionalität des Suchkopfs realisiert wird, ohne ein komplexes optisches Linsensystem zu verwenden.Subsequently, the actuator system is used to pivot the viewfinders such that optionally an optical axis of one of the optical viewfinders coincides with the fixed line of sight. Thus, it is advantageously possible that the currently selected viewfinder looks in the fixed line of sight of the seeker. By means of the method according to the invention, it is possible, for example, for the optical axis currently coinciding with the line of sight of the seeker head to be swung out of the line of sight, while at the same time an optical axis of another optical viewfinder being pivoted into the line of sight. In this way, a plurality of optical viewfinders can be used, each of which can perform different tasks, so that a multi-mode functionality of the seeker is realized without using a complex optical lens system.

Die Unteransprüche haben bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zum Inhalt.The dependent claims have preferred developments of the invention to the content.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Suchkopfs, ist das erfindungsgemäße Aktorsystem derart eingerichtet, dass es Bewegungen des Trägers ausgleicht. Auf diese Weise bleibt eine absolute Ausrichtung von zumindest einem der optischen Sucher unverändert. Die Haltevorrichtung kann somit als stabilisierte Plattform angesehen werden, die unabhängig von den Bewegungen des Trägers eine festgelegte Ausrichtung beibehält. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung der stabilisierten Plattform daher, dass in konventionellen Suchköpfen eine derartige stabilisierte Plattform bereits vorhanden ist, so dass die Multi-Mode-Funktionalität des erfindungsgemäßen Suchkopfs sehr vorteilhaft dadurch realisiert werden kann, dass an die stabilisierte Plattform mehrere optische Sucher angebracht werden, und das Aktorsystem derart erweitert wird, dass es die einzelnen optischen Sucher in die Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs schwenken kann. Somit sind keine weiteren, teureren Bauteile notwendig, um die geforderte Multi-Mode-Funktionalität zu realisieren.In a preferred embodiment of the seeker head according to the invention, the actuator system according to the invention is set up in such a way that it compensates for movements of the wearer. In this way, an absolute alignment of at least one of the optical viewfinders remains unchanged. The holding device can thus be regarded as a stabilized platform which retains a fixed orientation independently of the movements of the carrier. The use of the stabilized platform is therefore particularly advantageous in that such a stabilized platform is already present in conventional seekers, so that the multi-mode functionality of the seeker head according to the invention can be realized very advantageously by attaching a plurality of optical viewfinders to the stabilized platform , and the actuator system is expanded so that it can pivot the individual optical viewfinders in the line of sight of the seeker head. Thus, no further, more expensive components are necessary to realize the required multi-mode functionality.

Bevorzugt laufen die einzelnen optischen Achsen der optischen Sucher durch einen Rahmendrehpunkt der Haltevorrichtung, die bevorzugt als Kardan-Rahmenkörper aufgebaut ist. Dadurch wird der Schwenkweg verringert und die Zeit, die zum Verschwenken benötigt wird, minimiert, was eine kurze Umschaltzeit zwischen den einzelnen optischen Suchern bedeutet.Preferably, the individual optical axes of the optical viewfinder run through a frame pivot point of the holding device, which is preferably constructed as a gimbal frame body. This minimizes the pivoting travel and minimizes the time needed for panning, which means a short switching time between the individual optical viewfinders.

Weiterhin ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das Aktorsystem eingerichtet ist, die Haltevorrichtung in Nickrichtung und/oder in Gierrichtung des Trägers zu bewegen. Über diese beiden Richtungen kann die Haltevorrichtung in sämtliche relevante Richtungen bewegt werden, eine Ausrichtung der optischen Sucher konstant zu halten.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the actuator system is set up to move the holding device in the pitch direction and / or in the yaw direction of the carrier. In these two directions, the holding device can be moved in all relevant directions to keep an alignment of the optical viewfinder constant.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist jeder der optischen Sucher einen Betriebsbereich auf, der einen festgelegten Wellenlängenbereich umfasst. Bevorzugt ist dabei der Wellenlängenbereich eines jeden optischen Suchers verschieden von dem Wellenlängenbereich jedes anderen optischen Suchers. Auf diese Weise kann der Suchkopf mehreren Signaturen eines Ziels folgen, die in unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen abgestrahlt werden. Die Rechenvorrichtung kann bevorzugt entscheiden, welcher der optischen Sucher verwendet werden soll, um in die Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs geschwenkt zu werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, each of the optical viewfinders has an operating range which comprises a defined wavelength range. Preferably, the wavelength range of each optical viewfinder is different from the wavelength range of any other optical viewfinder. In this way, the seeker can follow multiple signatures of a target, which are emitted in different wavelengths. The computing device may preferably decide which of the optical viewfinders to use to pan into the line of sight of the seeker head.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Suchkopf derart eingerichtet, dass gleichzeitig lediglich eine optische Achse in die Sichtlinie schwenkbar ist. Bevorzugt kann somit stets ein optischer Sucher mit einer definierten Wellenlänge in der Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs sein, um ein Ziel zu erfassen oder zu verfolgen. Sollte sich herausstellen, dass jedoch eine andere Wellenlänge benötigt wird, so kann die Rechenvorrichtung bevorzugt das Aktorsystem ansteuern, um einen weiteren optischen Sucher in die Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs zu schwenken. Somit kann ein Ziel effizient erfasst und/oder verfolgt werden.In a preferred embodiment, the seeker head according to the invention is set up such that only one optical axis can be pivoted into the line of sight at the same time. Thus, an optical viewfinder with a defined wavelength can always be preferred in the line of sight of the seeker head in order to detect or track a target. Should it turn out, however, that a different wavelength is required, then the computing device can preferably control the actuator system in order to pivot another optical viewfinder into the line of sight of the seeker head. Thus, a goal can be efficiently captured and / or tracked.

Es ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn lediglich derjenige optische Sucher aktiv ist, dessen optische Achse mit der Sichtlinie übereinstimmt. Somit kann das Ziel stets mit einem festgelegten optischen Sucher erfasst und verfolgt werden, während sich die anderen optischen Sucher bevorzugt in einem Wartemodus befinden. Sollte festgestellt werden, dass ein weiterer optischer Sucher benötigt wird, beispielsweise weil die Detektion einer weiteren Wellenlänge vonnöten ist, so wird der aktuelle optische Sucher aus der Sichtlinie herausgeschwenkt und ein weiterer optischer Sucher in die Sichtlinie hineingeschwenkt, so dass dieser optische Sucher nun aktiv wird und das Ziel erfasst und/oder verfolgt. Dabei bleibt die Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs bevorzugt konstant, so dass sich lediglich der Betriebsmodus des Suchkopfs ändert.It is also advantageous if only that optical viewfinder is active whose optical axis coincides with the line of sight. Thus, the target can always be detected and tracked with a fixed optical viewfinder, while the other optical viewfinders are preferably in a waiting mode. Should it be determined that a further optical viewfinder is needed, for example because the detection of a further wavelength is required, then the current optical viewfinder is swung out of the line of sight and another optical viewfinder pivoted into the line of sight, so that this optical viewfinder is now active and the goal is captured and / or tracked. In this case, the line of sight of the seeker head preferably remains constant, so that only the operating mode of the seeker head changes.

Durch das Verschwenken der optischen Sucher, so dass sich lediglich eine optische Achse eines der Sucher in der Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs befindet, kann in vorteilhafter Weise ein einziger Dom bzw. ein einziges optisches Eintrittsfenster an dem Suchkopf oder an dem Träger vorgesehen sein. Somit kann bevorzugt der bisherige Aufbau von vorhandenen Systemen übernommen werden, wobei der Suchkopf vorteilhaft mit mehreren optischen Suchern ausgestattet ist. Die einzelnen optischen Sucher könnten sich daher ein einziges Eintrittsfenster bzw. einen einzigen Dom teilen.By pivoting the optical viewfinder, so that only one optical axis of the viewfinder is in the line of sight of the seeker head, advantageously, a single dome or a single optical entrance window can be provided on the seeker head or on the support. Thus, the previous structure of existing systems can preferably be adopted, wherein the seeker is advantageously equipped with multiple optical viewfinders. The individual optical viewfinders could therefore share a single entrance window or a single dome.

Um kurze Verschwenkwege zu realisieren, ist es weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn die optischen Achsen zu einander abgewinkelt sind, wobei es insbesondere vorteilhaft ist, wenn die optischen Achsen in einem spitzen Winkel zueinander abgewinkelt sind. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn sich die optischen Achsen in dem Drehpunkt der Haltevorrichtung schneiden, so dass ein einfaches Verschwenken der optischen Sucher möglich ist. Durch die kurzen Verschwenkwege wird daher ein nahezu unterbrechungsfreies Verfolgen und/oder Erfassen eines Ziels ermöglicht, auch wenn der Suchkopf von einem Mode in den nächsten Mode umschaltet, was bedeutet, dass von einem optischen Sucher auf einen weiteren optischen Sucher gewechselt wird.In order to realize short Verschwenkwege, it is also advantageous if the optical axes are angled to each other, and it is particularly advantageous if the optical axes are angled at an acute angle to each other. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the optical axes intersect in the pivot point of the holding device, so that a simple pivoting of the optical viewfinder is possible. The short swiveling paths therefore allow almost uninterrupted tracking and / or detection of a target even if the seeker switches from one mode to the next mode, which means switching from one optical viewfinder to another optical viewfinder.

In einer vorteilhaften Weise wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchgeführt, indem das Aktorsystem dazu verwendet wird, Bewegungen des Trägers derart auszugleichen, so dass eine absolute Ausrichtung der Sucher bestehen bleibt. Dies ist insofern vorteilhaft, als ungewollte Bewegungen des Trägers keinen Einfluss auf die Blickrichtung des Suchkopfs haben. Somit bleibt die Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs stets auf ein zu erfassendes und/oder zu verfolgendes Ziel gerichtet, während der Träger unabhängig davon Bewegungen, wie beispielsweise Flugbewegungen, ausführen kann.In an advantageous manner, the inventive method is performed by the actuator system is used to compensate for movements of the carrier so that an absolute orientation of the viewfinder remains. This is advantageous in that unwanted movements of the wearer have no influence on the viewing direction of the seeker head. Thus, the line of sight of the seeker head always remains focused on a target to be detected and / or tracked while the wearer can independently perform movements such as flight movements.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird weiterhin bevorzugt dadurch durchgeführt, indem die optischen Sucher mit voneinander unterschiedlichen Wellenlängenbereichen betrieben werden. Auf diese Weise wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine flexible und zuverlässige Multi-Mode-Funktionalität eines Suchkopfs realisiert.The method according to the invention is furthermore preferably carried out by operating the optical viewfinders with mutually different wavelength ranges. In this way, a flexible and reliable multi-mode functionality of a seeker is realized with the inventive method.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Übersicht über einen Suchkopf mit zwei optischen Suchern gemäß eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung,
Figur 2
eine schematische Darstellung von zwei optischen Suchern, die gemäß des bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung angeordnet sind, wobei ein erster optischer Sucher aktiv ist, und
Figur 3
eine schematische Ansicht von zwei optischen Suchern, die gemäß des bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung angeordnet sind, wobei ein zweiter optischer Sucher aktiv ist.
Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the figures. Showing:
FIG. 1
a schematic overview of a seeker with two optical viewfinders according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2
a schematic representation of two optical viewfinders, which are arranged according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein a first optical viewfinder is active, and
FIG. 3
a schematic view of two optical viewfinders, which are arranged according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein a second optical viewfinder is active.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Suchkopf 1, der einen ersten optischen Sucher 2 und einen zweiten optischen Sucher 3 umfasst. Dabei weisen der erste optische Sucher 2 und der zweite optische Sucher 3 bevorzugt unterschiedliche Wellenlängenbereiche auf, um Strahlung von diversen Strahlungsquellen, wie beispielsweise einem Semi-Active-Laser mit der Wellenlänge 1,06 µm, einem Semi-Active-Laser mit der Wellenlänge 1,54 µm, einer abbildenden Infrarotquelle mit der Wellenlänge 3 bis 5 µm oder einer abbildenden Infrarotquelle mit der Wellenlänge 10 µm zu erfassen. Der erste optische Sucher 2 und der zweite optische Sucher 3 sind an einer Haltevorrichtung 4 angeordnet, die als Kardan-Rahmenkörper über ein Aktorsystem 5 schwenkbar ausgelegt ist. Die Haltevorrichtung 4 ist dabei konventionell aufgebaut. Die einzelnen optischen Sucher sind sowohl konstruktiv als auch optronisch getrennt voneinander eingebaut und werden individuell betrieben. FIG. 1 shows a seeker 1, which comprises a first optical viewfinder 2 and a second optical viewfinder 3. In this case, the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 preferably have different wavelength ranges to radiation from various radiation sources, such as a semi-active laser with the wavelength 1.06 microns, a semi-active laser with the wavelength of 1 , 54 μm, an imaging infrared source with a wavelength of 3 to 5 μm or an imaging infrared source with a wavelength of 10 μm. The first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 are arranged on a holding device 4, which is designed as a gimbal frame body via an actuator system 5 pivotally. The holding device 4 is constructed conventionally. The individual optical viewfinders are installed both constructively and optically separate from each other and are operated individually.

Eine Rechenvorrichtung 6 ist mit dem Aktorsystem 5 und dem ersten optischen Sucher und dem zweiten optischen Sucher verbunden und kann mehrere Aufgaben wahrnehmen. Zum einen wählt die Rechenvorrichtung 6 aus, mit welchem der optischen Sucher 2 oder 3 der Suchkopf betrieben werden soll. Dementsprechend steuert die Rechenvorrichtung 6 das Aktorsystem 5 an, um den ausgewählten Sucher in eine Sichtlinie des Suchkopfs zu schwenken. Weiterhin ist die Rechenvorrichtung eingerichtet, Bewegungen eines Flugkörpers, auf den der Suchkopf 1 montierbar ist, auszugleichen, so dass die absolute Ausrichtung der Haltevorrichtung 4 und damit auch die absolute Ausrichtung des ersten optischen Suchers 2 und des zweiten optischen Suchers 3 kontant bleibt.A computing device 6 is connected to the actuator system 5 and the first optical viewfinder and the second optical viewfinder and can perform several tasks. On the one hand, the computing device 6 selects with which of the optical viewfinders 2 or 3 the seeker head is to be operated. Accordingly, the computing device 6 controls the actuator system 5 to control the selected viewfinder in FIG to sweep a line of sight of the seeker. Furthermore, the computing device is set up to compensate for movements of a missile on which the seeker head 1 can be mounted, so that the absolute alignment of the holding device 4 and thus also the absolute alignment of the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 remains contant.

Der Suchkopf 1 ist durch die Verwendung des ersten optischen Suchers 2 und des zweiten optischen Suchers 3 Multi-Mode-fähig. Dazu muss lediglich einer der beiden Suchköpfe aktiviert werden. Dies ist in den Figuren 2 und 3 illustriert.The seeker 1 is multi-mode capable through the use of the first optical finder 2 and the second optical finder 3. For this purpose, only one of the two seekers must be activated. This is in the FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrated.

In Figur 2 ist die Anordnung des ersten optischen Suchers 2 und des zweiten optischen Suchers 3 aus Figur 1 schematisch dargestellt. Dabei weist der erste optische Sucher 2 eine erste optische Achse 20 auf, während der zweite optische Sucher 3 eine zweite optische Achse 30 aufweist. Weiterhin ist eine Sichtlinie 10 des Suchkopfs 1 vorhanden, die von der Rechenvorrichtung 6 festgelegt wird.In FIG. 2 is the arrangement of the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 from FIG. 1 shown schematically. In this case, the first optical viewfinder 2 has a first optical axis 20, while the second optical viewfinder 3 has a second optical axis 30. Furthermore, a line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1 is provided, which is determined by the computing device 6.

Die Haltevorrichtung 4 ist als Kardan-Rahmenkörper so aufgebaut, dass die optischen Achsen 20, 30 der einzelnen optischen Sucher 2, 3 (optische Kanäle) durch den Rahmendrehpunkt laufen. Es befindet sich immer ein optischer Kanal mit einer definierten Wellenlänge in der Sichtline des Suchkopfes. Wird auf einen anderen Kanal mit einer anderen Wellenlänge umgeschaltet, wird der innere Rahmenkörper durch das Aktorsystem 5 soweit geschwenkt, bis der andere vorgewählte Kanal in der Sichtlinie 10 des Suchkopfes 1 liegt. Dabei kann immer nur ein optischer Kanal in die Sichtlinie 10 des Suchkopfes 1 geschwenkt werden, so dass immer nur ein Wellenlängenbereich benutzt wird. Damit können verschiedene Szenarien angeflogen oder verschiedene Ziel-Beobachter benutzt werden.The holding device 4 is constructed as a gimbal frame body so that the optical axes 20, 30 of the individual optical viewfinders 2, 3 (optical channels) run through the frame pivot point. There is always an optical channel with a defined wavelength in the line of sight of the seeker. When switching to another channel with a different wavelength, the inner frame body is pivoted by the actuator system 5 until the other preselected channel lies in the line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1. In this case, only one optical channel can always be swiveled into the line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1, so that only one wavelength range is ever used. This can be used to approach different scenarios or to use different target observers.

In dem in Figur 2 gezeigten Fall ist der erste optische Sucher 2 aktiv. Daher stimmt die erste optische Achse 20 mit der Sichtlinie 10 überein. Da der erste optische Sucher 2 und der zweite optische Sucher 3 einen unterschiedlichen Wellenlängenbereich aufweisen, befindet sich der Suchkopf 1 gerade in einem ersten Betriebsmodus. Dies bedeutet, dass der erste optische Sucher 2 die Aufgabe des Erfassens und Verfolgens eines Ziels wahrnimmt. Sollte die Rechenvorrichtung 6 feststellen, dass ein weiterer Betriebsmodus benötigt wird, so kann sie die Haltevorrichtung 4 verschwenken, wodurch ein weiterer Suchkopf aktiv wird. In Figur 2 ist dies mit dem Pfeil 100 angedeutet, der anzeigt, dass von dem ersten optischen Sucher 2 auf den zweiten optischen Sucher 3 gewechselt werden soll.In the in FIG. 2 In the case shown, the first optical viewfinder 2 is active. Therefore, the first optical axis 20 coincides with the line of sight 10. Since the first optical viewfinder 2 and the second optical viewfinder 3 have a different wavelength range, the seeker head 1 is currently in a first operating mode. This means that the first optical viewfinder 2 performs the task of detecting and tracking a destination. Should the computing device 6 determine that another Operating mode is required, it can pivot the holding device 4, whereby a further seeker is active. In FIG. 2 this is indicated by the arrow 100, which indicates that it is intended to change from the first optical viewfinder 2 to the second optical viewfinder 3.

In Figur 3 ist dargestellt, wie der zweite optische Sucher 3 aktiviert ist, während der erste optische Sucher 2 in einen Wartemodus versetzt wurde. Somit stimmt nun die zweite optische Achse 30 des zweiten optischen Suchers 3 mit der Sichtlinie 10 des Suchkopfs 1 überein. Der Suchkopf 1 befindet sich daher in einem zweiten Betriebsmodus, da nun der zweite optische Sucher 3 die Aufgabe des Erfassens und/oder Verfolgens eines Ziels übernommen hat.In FIG. 3 1 is shown as the second optical viewfinder 3 is activated while the first optical viewfinder 2 has been put into a waiting mode. Thus, the second optical axis 30 of the second optical viewfinder 3 now coincides with the line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1. The seeker 1 is therefore in a second operating mode, since now the second optical viewfinder 3 has taken over the task of detecting and / or tracking a target.

Insbesondere aus Figuren 2 und 3 ist ersichtlich, dass ein Wechsel des Betriebsmodus, d.h. ein Wechsel des aktiven Suchkopfes, durch die geringen Verfahrwege sehr schnell realisiert werden kann. Somit ist eine nahezu unterbrechungsfreie Erfassung und/oder Verfolgung eines Ziels möglich.In particular from FIGS. 2 and 3 can be seen that a change of the operating mode, ie a change of the active seeker, can be realized very quickly by the small travels. Thus, a virtually uninterrupted detection and / or tracking of a target is possible.

Da weiterhin lediglich eine einzige Sichtlinie 10 des Suchkopfs 1 benötigt wird, um mehrere optische Sucher zu betreiben, muss der grundsätzliche Aufbau des Flugkörpers nicht verändert werden. So können sich beispielsweise sämtliche Sucher ein einziges optisches Eintrittsfenster oder einen einzigen Dom miteinander teilen. Auf diese Weise wird der Aufbau des Flugkörpers nicht unnötig verkompliziert und damit auch nicht verteuert.Further, since only a single line of sight 10 of the seeker head 1 is required to operate multiple optical viewfinders, the basic structure of the missile need not be changed. For example, all viewfinders can share a single optical entrance window or a single dome. In this way, the structure of the missile is not unnecessarily complicated and therefore not expensive.

Claims (9)

  1. Seeker head (1) which can be attached to a carrier, in particular to a missile, comprising:
    - a plurality of optical seekers (2, 3) each having an optical axis (20, 30),
    - a holding means (4), which can be fixed with respect to the carrier, for receiving the plurality of optical seekers (2, 3),
    - an actuator system (5), the actuator system (5) being set up to move the holding device (4) relative to the carrier, and
    - a calculation device (6), which is set up to specify a sighting line (10) of the seeker head (1),
    - the actuator system (5) being set up to pivot one of the optical axes (20, 30) selectively into the sighting line (10),
    - the individual optical axes (20, 30) of the optical seekers (2, 3) passing through a frame pivot of the holding device (4) and the holding device (4) being formed as a gimbal frame body, and
    - each of the optical seekers (2, 3) having an operating range having a wavelength range that is different from a wavelength range of every other optical seeker (2, 3),
    characterised in that
    - the optical axes (20, 30) are angled at an acute angle to one another.
  2. Seeker head according to claim 1, wherein the actuator system (5) is set up to compensate movements of the carrier in such a way that an absolute orientation of at least one of the optical seekers (2, 3) remains unaltered.
  3. Seeker head according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator system (5) is set up to move the holding device (4) in a pitch direction and/or in a yaw direction of the carrier.
  4. Seeker head according to any of the preceding claims, wherein merely one optical axis (20; 30) can be pivoted into the sighting line (10) simultaneously.
  5. Seeker head according to any of the preceding claims, wherein only the optical seeker (2; 3) of which the optical axis is coincident with the sight line (10) is active.
  6. Seeker head according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a single dome and/or a single optical entry window.
  7. Method for operating a seeker head (1) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
    - establishing a sighting line (10) along which the seeker head (1) should look,
    - using the actuator system (5) to pivot the optical seeker (2, 3) in such a way that an optical axis (20; 30) of one of the optical seekers (20; 30) is coincident with the sighting line (10) selectively.
  8. Method according to claim 7, comprising the further step of: using the actuator system (5) to compensate movements of the carrier in such a way that an absolute orientation of the optical seeker (2, 3) is maintained.
  9. Method according to either claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the optical seekers (2, 3) are operated using different wavelength ranges from one another.
EP13004352.4A 2013-09-05 2013-09-05 Seeker head with multi-mode properties Active EP2846123B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES13004352T ES2751249T3 (en) 2013-09-05 2013-09-05 Search head with multimode properties
EP13004352.4A EP2846123B1 (en) 2013-09-05 2013-09-05 Seeker head with multi-mode properties

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13004352.4A EP2846123B1 (en) 2013-09-05 2013-09-05 Seeker head with multi-mode properties

Publications (2)

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EP2846123A1 EP2846123A1 (en) 2015-03-11
EP2846123B1 true EP2846123B1 (en) 2019-08-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5023440A (en) 1985-04-22 1991-06-11 Lockheed Sanders, Inc. Tracker using angle-converting cones
US6422508B1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2002-07-23 Galileo Group, Inc. System for robotic control of imaging data having a steerable gimbal mounted spectral sensor and methods
US6606066B1 (en) 2001-10-29 2003-08-12 Northrop Grumman Corporation Tri-mode seeker
DE202007019050U1 (en) 2007-02-10 2010-07-29 Lfk-Lenkflugkörpersysteme Gmbh Seeker head for a homing missile
FR2973867B1 (en) * 2011-04-05 2014-03-21 Sagem Defense Securite HEAD FOR SELF-DIRECTING MISSILE, AND SELF-DIRECTING CORRESPONDING

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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EP2846123A1 (en) 2015-03-11

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