EP2846033B1 - Control valve of a fuel injector for a common rail and corresponding injector - Google Patents

Control valve of a fuel injector for a common rail and corresponding injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2846033B1
EP2846033B1 EP14182788.1A EP14182788A EP2846033B1 EP 2846033 B1 EP2846033 B1 EP 2846033B1 EP 14182788 A EP14182788 A EP 14182788A EP 2846033 B1 EP2846033 B1 EP 2846033B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifices
control valve
valve
axis
injector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14182788.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2846033A1 (en
Inventor
Tallec Patrice Le
Jean Christian Sacadura
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication of EP2846033A1 publication Critical patent/EP2846033A1/en
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Publication of EP2846033B1 publication Critical patent/EP2846033B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0071—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059 characterised by guiding or centering means in valves including the absence of any guiding means, e.g. "flying arrangements"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/008—Arrangement of fuel passages inside of injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
    • F02M61/163—Means being injection-valves with helically or spirally shaped grooves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/07—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for avoiding sticking of valve or armature, e.g. preventing hydraulic or magnetic sticking of parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/29—Fuel-injection apparatus having rotating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector control valve for a common injection rail and to the corresponding injector.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application with diesel engines of a direct injection motor vehicle.
  • such engines include injectors (one per cylinder) receiving fuel from a common injection rail.
  • This injection rail is fed by a high pressure pump at a predetermined pressure corresponding to the injection pressure.
  • the injector comprises a control actuator of a valve whose displacement makes it possible to control a needle for the purpose of injecting fuel into the cylinder.
  • the needle is slidably mounted in an injection cavity whose end has a plurality of orifices through which the fuel is injected.
  • the movement of the needle is controlled by the actuator that can selectively pass the valve, movably mounted in translation within a chamber, a rest position corresponding to a closed position of the injector at a position active corresponding to an open position of the injector, and vice versa.
  • the actuator may comprise an electromagnetic coil or alternatively take the form of a piezoelectric type actuator.
  • the chamber in which the valve is positioned is in relation to a control chamber of the needle corresponding to a space delimited by an upper end of the needle and the internal face of a part of the body of the injector.
  • the control chamber of the injector is itself in connection with a high pressure conduit also opening into the injection cavity.
  • valve In the rest position, the valve rests tightly on a seat of the valve chamber, so that the high pressure in the control chamber acts on the needle downward in a closing direction of the valve. injector.
  • valve In the active position, the valve bears on an upper stop located on the actuator side and no longer ensures the sealing of the valve chamber. There is then a drop in pressure inside the control chamber so that the high pressure in the injection cavity acts on the tapered surface of the tip of the needle upward in a direction opening for fuel injection inside the cylinder. The fuel can then flow through the valve ports to a low pressure zone of the injector.
  • the displacement of the needle controlled by the valve thus makes it possible to regulate the quantity of fuel injected into the corresponding cylinder (see for example the document EP 2 218 902 A1 ).
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks effectively by proposing a fuel injector control valve for a common injection rail comprising a tubular-shaped guide extended at one of its axial ends by an annular portion extending substantially radially through relative to an axis of said valve, said annular portion having a plurality of through orifices, characterized in that the through-orifices are configured to generate a turbulent vortex-type flow providing for rotation of said valve about its axis as the fuel passes through said valve from a face of the annular portion facing the guide to a face of the annular portion turned away from the side opposite the guide.
  • the invention makes it possible to prevent soap deposits by convection within the injector. It improves the robustness of the injector vis-à-vis the different types of fuels used. It also avoids the return of vehicles to achieve a cleaning or exchange of the injectors, which substantially reduces the warranty costs on the vehicle.
  • the orifices have an axis having a substantially tangent orientation relative to an outer periphery of the tubular guide.
  • the orifices have an axis having an inclined orientation relative to the axis of the valve.
  • the axis of each orifice forms an angle of between 15 and 45 degrees with respect to the axis of the valve.
  • the orifices have a frustoconical shape so as to have each one end of larger diameter opening on the side of the face of the annular portion facing the guide and a smaller diameter end opening on the side of the face of the annular portion facing away from the guide; this form for generating the acceleration of the fluid.
  • a taper of the orifices is between 5 and 50%.
  • the conicity rate is preferably 10%.
  • the valve has a number of orifices between 7 and 11.
  • the number of orifices is equal to 8.
  • the invention also relates to a fuel injector for common injection rail having a control valve according to the invention.
  • the figure 1 shows an injector 1 according to the invention comprising an actuator 2 for controlling a valve 3 whose displacement makes it possible to control a needle 5 for the purpose of injecting fuel into the cylinder of the engine (not shown).
  • the needle 5 is slidably mounted in an injection cavity 6 whose conical end has a plurality of orifices 8 through which the fuel is injected.
  • the displacement of the needle 5 is controlled by the actuator 2 which can selectively pass the valve 3, mounted movably in translation inside a chamber 9, a rest position corresponding to a closed position of the injector 1 to an active position corresponding to an open position of the injector 1, and vice versa.
  • the actuator 2 comprises a fixed control coil 21 whose supply son connected to a voltage source are referenced 22a and 22b.
  • the chamber 9 of the valve 3 is in connection with a control chamber 10 of the needle 5 corresponding to a space delimited by an upper end of the needle 5 and the internal face of a part of the body of the injector 1
  • the control chamber 10 of the injector is itself in relation with a high pressure duct 11 which also opens into the injection cavity 6.
  • the spring 13 urges the valve 3 into a rest position in which the valve 3 rests tightly on a seat of the chamber 9 of the valve.
  • the high pressure in the control chamber 10 acts on the needle 5 downwards in a closing direction of the injector 1.
  • the X-axis control valve 3 comprises a guide 15 of tubular shape for ensuring axial guidance of the displacement of the valve 3 from one position to another.
  • the guide 15 is extended at one of its axial ends by an annular portion 16 extending substantially radially relative to the axis X.
  • the annular portion 16 is made of material with the guide 15.
  • the annular portion 16 has a plurality of orifices 18 configured to generate turbulent turbulent-type fuel movement ensuring rotation of the valve 3. This prevents the formation of soap deposits by convection inside. of the injector 1.
  • the orifices 18 each have an axis X 'having an orientation substantially tangent with respect to an outer periphery of the tubular guide 15. All the orifices 18 are inclined on the same side. This tangential arrangement of the orifices 18 makes it possible to generate a turbulent flow whose intensity is proportional to the flow rate passing through the valve 3.
  • each orifice 18 forms an angle A of between 15 and 45 degrees with respect to the axis X of the valve 3 (cf. figure 4 ).
  • this angle A is 30 degrees.
  • a conicity of the orifices 18 may be provided to increase the fuel speed on the side of the low pressure zone and therefore the tangential force generated on the valve 3 by the fuel passage.
  • one end of larger diameter of each orifice 18 opens on the side of the face of the annular portion 16 facing the guide 15 and a smaller diameter end of each orifice 18 opens on the side of the face of the portion. annular 16 opposed to the guide 15.
  • the taper of the orifices 18, which corresponds to a difference in size between the end of smaller diameter and the end of larger diameter of the truncated cone, is between 5% and 50%.
  • the conicity of the orifices 18 is preferably 10%, that is to say that the end of larger diameter has a diameter 10% greater than that of the end of smaller diameter.
  • the number of orifices 18 is for example between 7 and 11, the orifices 18 being angularly spaced between them in a regular manner.
  • the valve 3 comprises eight orifices 18. This constitutes an increased number of orifices 18 with respect to a valve according to the state of the art which conventionally comprises only six orifices 18 of axial orientation to allow the flow of the fuel to the low pressure zone of the injector 1.
  • valve 3 The various forms of the valve 3 described above can be easily obtained by molding.
  • valve 3 when the valve 3 is in the rest position, the valve 3 rests on the seat of the chamber 9 of the valve hermetically via a frustoconical portion 151 of the guide 15 (cf. figure 2 ) located on the side of the annular portion 16.
  • valve 3 When the valve 3 is in the active position, the opposite face of the annular portion 16 bears against an upper stop located on the side of the actuator 2. The valve 3 then no longer ensures the sealing of the chamber 9, so that the fuel located in an annular cavity extending around the intermediate portion 152 of the reduced section guide 15 can then circulate along the guide 15 and then pass through the orifices 18 of the valve 3 from the high pressure zone towards the low pressure zone along the arrow in broken lines referenced C (cf. figure 2 ). The fuel then flows to a reservoir (not shown) via an output referenced 28 on the figure 1 .
  • the circulation of the fuel causes turbulent turbulent flow of fuel in the vicinity of the upper valve stop 3.
  • the tangential flow F of the fuel passing through the orifices 18 shown in FIG. figure 5 is such that the valve 3 is rotated about its axis X, which avoids soap deposits by convection inside the injector 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

L'invention porte sur une valve de commande d'injecteur de carburant pour rampe d'injection commune ainsi que sur l'injecteur correspondant. L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse avec les moteurs diesel de véhicule automobile à injection directe.The invention relates to a fuel injector control valve for a common injection rail and to the corresponding injector. The invention finds a particularly advantageous application with diesel engines of a direct injection motor vehicle.

De façon connue en soi, de tels moteurs comportent des injecteurs (un par cylindre) recevant du carburant issu d'une rampe d'injection commune. Cette rampe d'injection est alimentée par une pompe haute pression à une pression prédéterminée correspondant à la pression d'injection.In a manner known per se, such engines include injectors (one per cylinder) receiving fuel from a common injection rail. This injection rail is fed by a high pressure pump at a predetermined pressure corresponding to the injection pressure.

L'injecteur comporte un actionneur de contrôle d'une valve dont le déplacement permet de commander une aiguille en vue de l'injection de carburant à l'intérieur du cylindre. A cet effet, l'aiguille est montée coulissante dans une cavité d'injection dont l'extrémité comporte une pluralité d'orifices par lesquels le carburant est injecté.The injector comprises a control actuator of a valve whose displacement makes it possible to control a needle for the purpose of injecting fuel into the cylinder. For this purpose, the needle is slidably mounted in an injection cavity whose end has a plurality of orifices through which the fuel is injected.

Le déplacement de l'aiguille est commandé par l'actionneur pouvant faire passer sélectivement la valve, montée mobile en translation à l'intérieur d'une chambre, d'une position de repos correspondant à une position fermée de l'injecteur à une position active correspondant à une position ouverte de l'injecteur, et inversement. L'actionneur peut comporter une bobine électromagnétique ou alternativement prendre la forme d'un actionneur de type piézo-électrique.The movement of the needle is controlled by the actuator that can selectively pass the valve, movably mounted in translation within a chamber, a rest position corresponding to a closed position of the injector at a position active corresponding to an open position of the injector, and vice versa. The actuator may comprise an electromagnetic coil or alternatively take the form of a piezoelectric type actuator.

La chambre dans laquelle est positionnée la valve est en relation avec une chambre de commande de l'aiguille correspondant à un espace délimité par une extrémité haute de l'aiguille et la face interne d'une partie du corps de l'injecteur. La chambre de commande de l'injecteur est elle-même en relation avec un conduit haute pression débouchant également dans la cavité d'injection.The chamber in which the valve is positioned is in relation to a control chamber of the needle corresponding to a space delimited by an upper end of the needle and the internal face of a part of the body of the injector. The control chamber of the injector is itself in connection with a high pressure conduit also opening into the injection cavity.

Dans la position de repos, la valve repose de manière étanche sur un siège de la chambre de la valve, en sorte que la haute pression régnant dans la chambre de commande agit sur l'aiguille vers le bas dans une direction de fermeture de l'injecteur.In the rest position, the valve rests tightly on a seat of the valve chamber, so that the high pressure in the control chamber acts on the needle downward in a closing direction of the valve. injector.

Dans la position active, la valve vient en appui sur une butée supérieure située du côté de l'actionneur et n'assure plus l'étanchéité de la chambre de la valve. Il se produit alors une chute de la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre de commande en sorte que la haute pression régnant dans la cavité d'injection agit sur la surface conique de l'extrémité de l'aiguille vers le haut dans une direction d'ouverture pour injection de carburant à l'intérieur du cylindre. Le carburant peut alors circuler à travers les orifices de la valve vers une zone basse pression de l'injecteur.In the active position, the valve bears on an upper stop located on the actuator side and no longer ensures the sealing of the valve chamber. There is then a drop in pressure inside the control chamber so that the high pressure in the injection cavity acts on the tapered surface of the tip of the needle upward in a direction opening for fuel injection inside the cylinder. The fuel can then flow through the valve ports to a low pressure zone of the injector.

Le déplacement de l'aiguille commandé par la valve permet ainsi de réguler la quantité de carburant injectée dans le cylindre correspondant (voir par exemple le document EP 2 218 902 A1 ).The displacement of the needle controlled by the valve thus makes it possible to regulate the quantity of fuel injected into the corresponding cylinder (see for example the document EP 2 218 902 A1 ).

Ces injecteurs de carburant sont toutefois très sensibles à la qualité des carburants utilisés. En effet, dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un carburant de mauvaise qualité, des dépôts internes dans l'injecteur conduisent à une dégradation des prestations du moteur, notamment en termes d'émissions de particules polluantes et d'agrément de conduite. Les dépôts observables au niveau de la valve sont composés majoritairement de particules de savons (de l'ordre de quelques micromètres de dimension) susceptibles de provoquer des collages des pièces en mouvement dans l'injecteur. Les défaillances des injecteurs causées par ces dépôts sont généralement traitées par un nettoyage ou un échange des composants, ce qui engendre toutefois un coût de garantie.These fuel injectors are however very sensitive to the quality of the fuels used. Indeed, in the case of the use of a poor quality fuel, internal deposits in the injector lead to a degradation of the engine performance, particularly in terms of polluting particulate emissions and driving pleasure. The deposits observed at the valve are mainly composed of soap particles (of the order of a few micrometers in size) capable of causing collages of moving parts in the injector. Injector failures caused by these deposits are usually handled by a cleaning or exchange of components, which however generates a warranty cost.

L'invention vise à remédier efficacement à ces inconvénients en proposant une valve de commande d'injecteur de carburant pour rampe d'injection commune comportant un guide de forme tubulaire prolongé à une de ses extrémités axiales par une portion annulaire s'étendant sensiblement radialement par rapport à un axe de ladite valve, ladite portion annulaire comportant une pluralité d'orifices traversants, caractérisée en ce que les
orifices traversants sont configurés de manière à engendrer un écoulement turbulent de type tourbillonnaire assurant une mise en rotation de ladite valve autour de son axe lors d'un passage du carburant à travers ladite valve depuis une face de la portion annulaire tournée vers le guide vers une face de la portion annulaire tournée du côté opposé au guide.The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks effectively by proposing a fuel injector control valve for a common injection rail comprising a tubular-shaped guide extended at one of its axial ends by an annular portion extending substantially radially through relative to an axis of said valve, said annular portion having a plurality of through orifices, characterized in that the
through-orifices are configured to generate a turbulent vortex-type flow providing for rotation of said valve about its axis as the fuel passes through said valve from a face of the annular portion facing the guide to a face of the annular portion turned away from the side opposite the guide.

Ainsi, en générant un déplacement en rotation de la valve autour de son axe et une accélération du fluide lors de la circulation du carburant vers la zone basse pression, l'invention permet d'empêcher les dépôts de savon par convection à l'intérieur de l'injecteur. On améliore donc la robustesse de l'injecteur vis-à-vis des différents types de carburants utilisés. On évite également le retour des véhicules afin de réaliser un nettoyage ou un échange des injecteurs, ce qui permet de réduire substantiellement les coûts de garantie sur le véhicule.Thus, by generating a rotational movement of the valve about its axis and an acceleration of the fluid during the flow of fuel to the low pressure zone, the invention makes it possible to prevent soap deposits by convection within the injector. It improves the robustness of the injector vis-à-vis the different types of fuels used. It also avoids the return of vehicles to achieve a cleaning or exchange of the injectors, which substantially reduces the warranty costs on the vehicle.

Selon une réalisation, les orifices présentent un axe ayant une orientation sensiblement tangente par rapport à une périphérie externe du guide de forme tubulaire.In one embodiment, the orifices have an axis having a substantially tangent orientation relative to an outer periphery of the tubular guide.

Selon une réalisation, les orifices présentent un axe ayant une orientation inclinée par rapport à l'axe de la valve.In one embodiment, the orifices have an axis having an inclined orientation relative to the axis of the valve.

Selon une réalisation, l'axe de chaque orifice forme un angle compris entre 15 et 45 degrés par rapport à l'axe de la valve.In one embodiment, the axis of each orifice forms an angle of between 15 and 45 degrees with respect to the axis of the valve.

Selon une réalisation, les orifices de présentent sous forme tronconique de manière à avoir chacun une extrémité de plus grand diamètre débouchant du côté de la face de la portion annulaire tournée vers le guide et une extrémité de plus petit diamètre débouchant du côté de la face de la portion annulaire tournée du côté opposé au guide ; cette forme permettant de générer l'accélération du fluide.According to one embodiment, the orifices have a frustoconical shape so as to have each one end of larger diameter opening on the side of the face of the annular portion facing the guide and a smaller diameter end opening on the side of the face of the annular portion facing away from the guide; this form for generating the acceleration of the fluid.

Selon une réalisation, un taux de conicité des orifices est compris entre 5 et 50%.According to one embodiment, a taper of the orifices is between 5 and 50%.

Selon une réalisation, le taux de conicité vaut de préférence 10%.According to one embodiment, the conicity rate is preferably 10%.

Selon une réalisation, la valve comporte un nombre d'orifices compris entre 7 et 11.In one embodiment, the valve has a number of orifices between 7 and 11.

Selon une réalisation, le nombre d'orifices est égal à 8.In one embodiment, the number of orifices is equal to 8.

L'invention a également pour objet un injecteur de carburant pour rampe d'injection commune comportant une valve de commande selon l'invention.The invention also relates to a fuel injector for common injection rail having a control valve according to the invention.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu'à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un injecteur de carburant muni d'une valve de commande selon la présente invention;
  • La figure 2 est une vue en perspective de la valve de commande selon la présente invention intégrée à l'injecteur de la figure 1 ;
  • La figure 3 représente une vue de dessus de la valve de commande selon la présente invention;
  • La figure 4 montre le détail d'un orifice ménagé dans la valve de commande selon la présente invention;
  • La figure 5 représente le flux tangentiel de carburant engendrant la mise en rotation de la valve de commande lors de la circulation de carburant vers la zone basse pression de l'injecteur.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative purposes only but in no way limitative of the invention:
  • The figure 1 is a sectional view of a fuel injector provided with a control valve according to the present invention;
  • The figure 2 is a perspective view of the control valve according to the present invention integrated into the injector of the figure 1 ;
  • The figure 3 represents a top view of the control valve according to the present invention;
  • The figure 4 shows the detail of an orifice formed in the control valve according to the present invention;
  • The figure 5 represents the tangential flow of fuel generating the rotation of the control valve during the fuel flow to the low pressure zone of the injector.

Les éléments identiques, similaires, ou analogues conservent la même référence d'une figure à l'autre.Identical, similar or similar elements retain the same reference from one figure to another.

La figure 1 montre un injecteur 1 selon l'invention comportant un actionneur 2 de contrôle d'une valve 3 dont le déplacement permet de commander une aiguille 5 en vue de l'injection de carburant à l'intérieur du cylindre du moteur (non représenté). A cet effet, l'aiguille 5 est montée coulissante dans une cavité d'injection 6 dont l'extrémité de forme conique comporte une pluralité d'orifices 8 par lesquels le carburant est injecté.The figure 1 shows an injector 1 according to the invention comprising an actuator 2 for controlling a valve 3 whose displacement makes it possible to control a needle 5 for the purpose of injecting fuel into the cylinder of the engine (not shown). For this purpose, the needle 5 is slidably mounted in an injection cavity 6 whose conical end has a plurality of orifices 8 through which the fuel is injected.

Le déplacement de l'aiguille 5 est commandé par l'actionneur 2 pouvant faire passer sélectivement la valve 3, montée mobile en translation à l'intérieur d'une chambre 9, d'une position de repos correspondant à une position fermée de l'injecteur 1 à une position active correspondant à une position ouverte de l'injecteur 1, et inversement. En l'occurrence, l'actionneur 2 comporte une bobine de commande 21 fixe dont les fils d'alimentation reliés à une source de tension sont référencés 22a et 22b.The displacement of the needle 5 is controlled by the actuator 2 which can selectively pass the valve 3, mounted movably in translation inside a chamber 9, a rest position corresponding to a closed position of the injector 1 to an active position corresponding to an open position of the injector 1, and vice versa. In this case, the actuator 2 comprises a fixed control coil 21 whose supply son connected to a voltage source are referenced 22a and 22b.

La chambre 9 de la valve 3 est en relation avec une chambre de commande 10 de l'aiguille 5 correspondant à un espace délimité par une extrémité haute de l'aiguille 5 et la face interne d'une partie du corps de l'injecteur 1. La chambre de commande 10 de l'injecteur est elle-même en relation avec un conduit haute pression 11 lequel débouche également dans la cavité d'injection 6.The chamber 9 of the valve 3 is in connection with a control chamber 10 of the needle 5 corresponding to a space delimited by an upper end of the needle 5 and the internal face of a part of the body of the injector 1 The control chamber 10 of the injector is itself in relation with a high pressure duct 11 which also opens into the injection cavity 6.

Lorsque la bobine de commande 21 n'est pas alimentée, le ressort 13 sollicite la valve 3 dans une position de repos dans laquelle la valve 3 repose de manière étanche sur un siège de la chambre 9 de la valve. La haute pression régnant dans la chambre de commande 10 agit sur l'aiguille 5 vers le bas dans une direction de fermeture de l'injecteur 1.When the control coil 21 is not energized, the spring 13 urges the valve 3 into a rest position in which the valve 3 rests tightly on a seat of the chamber 9 of the valve. The high pressure in the control chamber 10 acts on the needle 5 downwards in a closing direction of the injector 1.

Lorsque la bobine de commande 21 est mise sous tension, cela génère une force magnétique ayant tendance à comprimer le ressort 13, en sorte que la valve 3 vient en appui sur une butée supérieure située du côté de l'actionneur 2. La valve 3, qui est alors en position active, n'assure plus l'étanchéité de la chambre 9. Il se produit en conséquence une chute de la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre de commande 10, en sorte que la haute pression régnant dans la cavité d'injection 6 agit sur la surface conique de l'extrémité de l'aiguille 5 vers le haut dans une direction d'ouverture pour l'injection de carburant à l'intérieur du cylindre (non représenté).When the control coil 21 is energized, this generates a magnetic force tending to compress the spring 13, so that the valve 3 bears on an upper stop located on the side of the actuator 2. The valve 3, which is then in the active position, no longer ensures the sealing of the chamber 9. There consequently occurs a drop in the pressure inside the control chamber 10, so that the high pressure prevailing in the cavity Injection molding 6 acts on the tapered surface of the needle end 5 upwardly in an opening direction for the injection of fuel into the cylinder (not shown).

Comme cela est bien visible sur la figure 2, la valve 3 de commande d'axe X comporte un guide 15 de forme tubulaire permettant d'assurer un guidage axial du déplacement de la valve 3 d'une position à une autre. Le guide 15 est prolongé à une de ses extrémités axiales par une portion annulaire 16 s'étendant sensiblement radialement par rapport à l'axe X. De préférence, la portion annulaire 16 vient de matière avec le guide 15.As is clearly visible on the figure 2 , the X-axis control valve 3 comprises a guide 15 of tubular shape for ensuring axial guidance of the displacement of the valve 3 from one position to another. The guide 15 is extended at one of its axial ends by an annular portion 16 extending substantially radially relative to the axis X. Preferably, the annular portion 16 is made of material with the guide 15.

Comme cela ressort clairement des figures 2 et 3, la portion annulaire 16 comporte une pluralité d'orifices 18 configurés de manière à générer un mouvement turbulent de carburant de type tourbillonnaire assurant une mise en rotation de la valve 3. On évite ainsi la formation de dépôts de savon par convection à l'intérieur de l'injecteur 1.As is clear from the figures 2 and 3 , the annular portion 16 has a plurality of orifices 18 configured to generate turbulent turbulent-type fuel movement ensuring rotation of the valve 3. This prevents the formation of soap deposits by convection inside. of the injector 1.

A cet effet, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3, les orifices 18 présentent chacun un axe X' ayant une orientation sensiblement tangente par rapport à une périphérie externe du guide tubulaire 15. Tous les orifices 18 sont inclinés d'un même côté. Cette disposition tangentielle des orifices 18 permet d'engendrer un écoulement turbulent dont l'intensité est proportionnelle au débit traversant la valve 3.For this purpose, as can be seen on the figure 3 , the orifices 18 each have an axis X 'having an orientation substantially tangent with respect to an outer periphery of the tubular guide 15. All the orifices 18 are inclined on the same side. This tangential arrangement of the orifices 18 makes it possible to generate a turbulent flow whose intensity is proportional to the flow rate passing through the valve 3.

En outre, l'axe X' de chaque orifice 18 forme un angle A compris entre 15 et 45 degrés par rapport à l'axe X de la valve 3 (cf. figure 4). De préférence, cet angle A vaut 30 degrés.In addition, the axis X 'of each orifice 18 forms an angle A of between 15 and 45 degrees with respect to the axis X of the valve 3 (cf. figure 4 ). Preferably, this angle A is 30 degrees.

Une conicité des orifices 18 pourra être apportée pour augmenter la vitesse du carburant du côté de la zone basse pression et donc la force tangentielle générée sur la valve 3 par la traversée du carburant. A cet effet, une extrémité de plus grand diamètre de chaque orifice 18 débouche du côté de la face de la portion annulaire 16 tournée vers le guide 15 et une extrémité de plus petit diamètre de chaque orifice 18 débouche du côté de la face de la portion annulaire 16 opposée au guide 15.A conicity of the orifices 18 may be provided to increase the fuel speed on the side of the low pressure zone and therefore the tangential force generated on the valve 3 by the fuel passage. For this purpose, one end of larger diameter of each orifice 18 opens on the side of the face of the annular portion 16 facing the guide 15 and a smaller diameter end of each orifice 18 opens on the side of the face of the portion. annular 16 opposed to the guide 15.

La conicité des orifices 18 qui correspond à un écart de dimension entre l'extrémité de plus petit diamètre et l'extrémité de plus grand diamètre du tronc de cône est comprise entre 5% et 50%. La conicité des orifices 18 vaut de préférence 10%, c'est-à-dire que l'extrémité de plus grand diamètre présente un diamètre 10% plus grand que celui de l'extrémité de plus petit diamètre.The taper of the orifices 18, which corresponds to a difference in size between the end of smaller diameter and the end of larger diameter of the truncated cone, is between 5% and 50%. The conicity of the orifices 18 is preferably 10%, that is to say that the end of larger diameter has a diameter 10% greater than that of the end of smaller diameter.

Le nombre d'orifices 18 est par exemple compris entre 7 et 11, les orifices 18 étant espacés angulairement entre eux de manière régulière. De préférence, la valve 3 comporte huit orifices 18. Cela constitue un nombre augmenté d'orifices 18 par rapport à une valve selon l'état de la technique qui ne comporte classiquement que six orifices 18 d'orientation axiale pour permettre l'écoulement du carburant vers la zone basse pression de l'injecteur 1.The number of orifices 18 is for example between 7 and 11, the orifices 18 being angularly spaced between them in a regular manner. Preferably, the valve 3 comprises eight orifices 18. This constitutes an increased number of orifices 18 with respect to a valve according to the state of the art which conventionally comprises only six orifices 18 of axial orientation to allow the flow of the fuel to the low pressure zone of the injector 1.

Les différentes formes de la valve 3 précédemment décrites pourront être aisément obtenues par moulage.The various forms of the valve 3 described above can be easily obtained by molding.

Ainsi, lorsque la valve 3 est dans la position de repos, la valve 3 repose sur le siège de la chambre 9 de la valve de manière hermétique via une portion tronconique 151 du guide 15 (cf. figure 2) située du côté de la portion annulaire 16.Thus, when the valve 3 is in the rest position, the valve 3 rests on the seat of the chamber 9 of the valve hermetically via a frustoconical portion 151 of the guide 15 (cf. figure 2 ) located on the side of the annular portion 16.

Lorsque la valve 3 est dans la position active, la face opposée de la portion annulaire 16 vient en appui contre une butée supérieure située du côté de l'actionneur 2. La valve 3 n'assure alors plus l'étanchéité de la chambre 9, en sorte que le carburant situé dans une cavité annulaire s'étendant autour de la portion intermédiaire 152 du guide 15 de section réduite peut alors circuler le long du guide 15 pour ensuite passer à travers les orifices 18 de la valve 3 depuis la zone haute pression vers la zone basse pression suivant la flèche en traits discontinus référencée C (cf. figure 2). Le carburant s'écoule alors vers un réservoir (non représenté) via une sortie référencée 28 sur la figure 1.When the valve 3 is in the active position, the opposite face of the annular portion 16 bears against an upper stop located on the side of the actuator 2. The valve 3 then no longer ensures the sealing of the chamber 9, so that the fuel located in an annular cavity extending around the intermediate portion 152 of the reduced section guide 15 can then circulate along the guide 15 and then pass through the orifices 18 of the valve 3 from the high pressure zone towards the low pressure zone along the arrow in broken lines referenced C (cf. figure 2 ). The fuel then flows to a reservoir (not shown) via an output referenced 28 on the figure 1 .

La circulation du carburant engendre un écoulement turbulent de type tourbillonnaire de carburant au voisinage de la butée supérieure de valve 3. Le flux tangentiel F du carburant passant à travers les orifices 18 représenté sur la figure 5 est tel que la valve 3 est entraînée en rotation autour de son axe X, ce qui permet d'éviter les dépôts de savon par convection à l'intérieur de l'injecteur 1.The circulation of the fuel causes turbulent turbulent flow of fuel in the vicinity of the upper valve stop 3. The tangential flow F of the fuel passing through the orifices 18 shown in FIG. figure 5 is such that the valve 3 is rotated about its axis X, which avoids soap deposits by convection inside the injector 1.

L'invention n'est bien entendu pas limitée au mode de réalisation de la valve 3 précédemment décrit qui pourra être modifié par l'homme du métier sans sortir du cadre de l'invention définie par les revendications ci-après. En effet, il sera notamment possible d'envisager toute autre forme d'orifice 18 permettant d'obtenir l'écoulement turbulent du carburant ainsi que la rotation associée de la valve 3.The invention is of course not limited to the embodiment of the valve 3 previously described which may be modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims below. Indeed, it will be possible to consider any other form of orifice 18 for obtaining the turbulent flow of the fuel and the associated rotation of the valve 3.

Claims (10)

  1. A control valve (3) of a fuel injector for a common rail comprising a guide (15) of tubular shape extended at one of its axial ends by an annular portion (16) extending substantially radially with respect to an axis (X) of the said valve (3), the said annular portion (16) comprising a plurality of through-orifices (18), characterized in that the through-orifices (18) are configured so as to generate a turbulent flow of the vortex type ensuring a setting in rotation of the said valve (3) about its axis (X) during a passage of the fuel through the said valve (3) from a face of the annular portion (16) turned toward the guide (15) towards a face of the annular portion (16) turned on the opposite side to the guide (15).
  2. The control valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the orifices (18) have an axis having a substantially tangent orientation with respect to an external periphery of the tubular-shaped guide (15).
  3. The control valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the orifices (18) have an axis having an inclined orientation with respect to the axis (X) of the valve (3).
  4. The control valve according to Claim 3, characterized in that the axis (X') of each orifice (18) forms an angle comprised between 15 and 45 degrees with respect to the axis (X) of the valve (3).
  5. The control valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifices (18) have a tapered shape so as to each have an end of greater diameter opening on the side of the face of the annular portion (16) turned toward the guide (15) and an end of smaller diameter opening on the side of the face of the annular portion (16) turned on the side opposite to the guide (15).
  6. The control valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a taper ratio of the orifices (18) is comprised between 5 and 50%.
  7. The control valve according to Claim 6, characterized in that the taper ratio is preferably 10%.
  8. The control valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a number of orifices (18) comprised between 7 and 11.
  9. The control valve according to Claim 8, characterized in that the number of orifices (18) is equal to 8.
  10. A fuel injector (1) for a common rail comprising a control valve (3) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP14182788.1A 2013-09-05 2014-08-29 Control valve of a fuel injector for a common rail and corresponding injector Active EP2846033B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1358499A FR3010148B1 (en) 2013-09-05 2013-09-05 FUEL INJECTOR CONTROL VALVE FOR COMMON INJECTION RAMP AND CORRESPONDING INJECTOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2846033A1 EP2846033A1 (en) 2015-03-11
EP2846033B1 true EP2846033B1 (en) 2016-05-18

Family

ID=49713232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14182788.1A Active EP2846033B1 (en) 2013-09-05 2014-08-29 Control valve of a fuel injector for a common rail and corresponding injector

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2846033B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3010148B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1048735A (en) * 1950-11-13 1953-12-23 Needle jet for internal combustion engines
DE3009219A1 (en) * 1980-03-11 1981-09-24 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart INJECTION NOZZLE FOR AIR COMPRESSING ENGINES
DE3426950A1 (en) * 1984-07-21 1986-01-30 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart THROTTLE PIN NOZZLE FOR FUEL INJECTION IN AN AIR-COMPRESSING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, IN PARTICULAR CHAMBER ENGINE
ATE505642T1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2011-04-15 Fiat Ricerche METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN OPEN/CLOSE ELEMENT FOR BALANCED FUEL INJECTOR SERVO VALVES

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Publication number Publication date
FR3010148A1 (en) 2015-03-06
FR3010148B1 (en) 2015-09-25
EP2846033A1 (en) 2015-03-11

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