EP2843646B1 - Verfahren zur Geolokalisierung der Rohdaten, die bei einer Luft-Boden-Übertragung ausgetauscht werden, und entsprechende Geolokalisierungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Geolokalisierung der Rohdaten, die bei einer Luft-Boden-Übertragung ausgetauscht werden, und entsprechende Geolokalisierungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2843646B1
EP2843646B1 EP14179508.8A EP14179508A EP2843646B1 EP 2843646 B1 EP2843646 B1 EP 2843646B1 EP 14179508 A EP14179508 A EP 14179508A EP 2843646 B1 EP2843646 B1 EP 2843646B1
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Prior art keywords
aircraft
data
raw data
identifier
information
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Not-in-force
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EP14179508.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2843646A1 (de
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Alexandre Simonin
Kanaan Abdo
Fathia Ben Slama
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Altys Technologies
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Altys Technologies
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • G08G5/20—Arrangements for acquiring, generating, sharing or displaying traffic information
    • G08G5/26—Transmission of traffic-related information between aircraft and ground stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • G08G5/70—Arrangements for monitoring traffic-related situations or conditions
    • G08G5/72—Arrangements for monitoring traffic-related situations or conditions for monitoring traffic
    • G08G5/727—Arrangements for monitoring traffic-related situations or conditions for monitoring traffic from a ground station

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of geo-location of raw data exchanged between an aircraft and a ground receiver, in particular a VHF receiver.
  • the invention also relates to a geolocation device implementing such a method.
  • VHF very high frequency band
  • raw data issued by an aircraft.
  • Each raw data is associated when it is transmitted by the aircraft to information representative of an identifier of the aircraft.
  • This identifier is generally contained in a 24-bit ICAO address, which is unique for each aircraft.
  • the data sent includes a specific field indicating the position of the aircraft.
  • the airplane obtained for example by a GPS module mounted on board the aircraft.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a method for geo-locating raw data exchanged between an aircraft and a VHF receiver making it possible to determine the position of the aircraft that has sent the raw data. received on the ground.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, such a method that can adapt to different aircraft (commercial, private or military aircraft) and the different types of signals available on board these aircraft.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a device for geo-location of raw data exchanged between an aircraft and a ground VHF receiver.
  • the invention relates to a method of geo-location of the raw data exchanged between an aircraft and a VHF receiver, each raw data comprising an identifier of said aircraft transmitting this data.
  • a method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to retrieve information representative of the identifier of the aircraft and to associate each raw data with a position datum by the cross-checking of the raw data and position data comprising the same identifier.
  • a method according to the invention therefore allows to assign to each raw data received, a position of the aircraft during the transmission of this data.
  • a method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to geolocate the raw data exchanged during a transmission between an aircraft and a VHF receiving station.
  • the identifier of the aircraft may for example be the 24-bit identifier issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or the registration number of the aircraft or any similar information. to identify an aircraft.
  • IAO International Civil Aviation Organization
  • the information representative of said identifier of the aircraft is the 24-bit identifier issued by the ICAO.
  • ICAO Integrated Multimedia Subsystem
  • Such a 24-bit ICAO identifier is unique for each aircraft and therefore makes it possible to directly correlate the raw data with the position data comprising such an identifier.
  • This variant is particularly suitable in the case where the identifier of the aircraft is directly available on the ground. This is the case, for example, when the aircraft is equipped with the cooperative surveillance system known as ADS-B ( Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast ) and the corresponding signals are received and available at the same time. ground.
  • ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast
  • the information representative of the identifier is a registration number of the aircraft.
  • the method further comprises a step of recovering the ICAO identifier of the aircraft by consulting a database linking aircraft identifiers to the aircraft registration numbers.
  • This variant is particularly suitable in the case where the only information available is the registration number of the aircraft. This is the case for example when the aircraft is equipped only with the aircraft communication system known as Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) or the communication mode used by the aircraft at the time of transmission. is the ACARS mode, or only the corresponding signals are received and available on the ground.
  • ACARS Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System
  • a geolocation method also makes it possible to determine the transmission power of the signals conveying the raw data.
  • it is generally possible to know the power of reception of signals on the ground.
  • the invention makes it possible to know the precise position of the source at the time of transmission of the signals.
  • the transmit power of the signals can be derived from the knowledge of reception power and geolocation data obtained by a method according to the invention.
  • the transmission power is supposed, according to the standards, to be constant.
  • a method according to the invention because of the large number of recordings that it makes it possible to obtain, can therefore contribute to determining, if appropriate, whether an observed variation of the transmission power is the fact of a non-transmitter compliant, or a coverage problem.
  • the step of obtaining position data of said aircraft comprises a step of receiving the data transmitted by said aircraft on a channel dedicated to the transmission of position information.
  • Such a dedicated channel is for example a dedicated channel of the previously mentioned cooperative surveillance system ADS-B.
  • this is the channel known under the name 1090 ES ( 1090 MHz Extended Squitter ).
  • this is the channel known by the acronym UAT ( Universal Access Transponder ).
  • this is the channel known by the acronym VDL Mode 4 ( VHF Data Link Mode 4 ).
  • this is the channel known by the acronym GBAS ( Ground-Based Augmentation System ).
  • the exact position of the aircraft is known only at non-predetermined times and therefore does not allow to immediately define the position of the aircraft when issuing a raw data.
  • the invention provides in this variant a step of extrapolation of the position of the aircraft from the known positions and already received.
  • This extrapolation can be of all types. It can be a linear extrapolation, an extrapolation of the Béziers type or any other extrapolation method.
  • the principle is to determine the position of the aircraft at a time t based on the knowledge of at least two positions at times close to the instant t considered.
  • This variant is particularly suitable in the case where the only information available on the position of the aircraft is information sometimes provided on a channel known as VDL-2 ( VHF Data Link, Mode 2 ) or during a communication ACARS or when the dedicated channels of the ADS-B system are only partially operational and only certain position information is received.
  • VDL-2 VHF Data Link, Mode 2
  • this variant makes it possible to reconstitute the position of the aircraft from knowledge of certain positions of the aircraft received at random and non-systematic instants. It therefore adapts particularly well to all types of aircraft, including private aircraft that are not, in general, equipped with ADS-B systems.
  • the position information received at non-predetermined times is flight intention information of said aircraft transmitted by said aircraft, either on the transmission channel or on a dedicated channel.
  • flight intention information is for example available in the ADS-C messages, in the pilot requests and the associated controller authorizations (CPDLC exchanges), or in the updated flight plans (exchanged between an aircraft and the company that operates it), or in the XID messages in the case where the aircraft transmits in a VDL2 mode.
  • a method according to this variant therefore makes it possible, solely from flight intention information, to geo-locate the data received on the ground.
  • the step of correlating the raw data and the position data consists in determining data having an identical identifier and time stamp.
  • This variant of the invention makes it possible to time stamp the raw data received by the receiver and the position data.
  • the data correlation step is more precise and crosses not only the identifiers of the aircraft, but also the timestamps of the data. This enhances the robustness of the correlation step.
  • it makes it possible to know the instant at which the raw data and / or the position datum was emitted by the aircraft and / or received by the receiver.
  • the time stamp of the position data and the raw data is obtained by means of independent sources.
  • the time stamp of a position data is calculated from the knowledge of the time stamp of the raw data and the position of the aircraft at the time of sending this position data.
  • the step of time stamping each received position data comprises a step of extrapolation of said time stamp of said raw data received. This makes it possible to overcome any absences of time stamp information from the position data.
  • the time stamp of the raw data is directly supplied with the raw data by the issuer.
  • the step of time stamping each raw data received comprises a step of receiving GPS data by a GPS receiver to time stamp this data.
  • the timestamp of the data can be obtained via a time server or any equivalent means.
  • a method according to the invention further comprises a step of enriching a position database of said aircraft.
  • the database comprises all the position information of the aircraft obtained by a method according to the invention.
  • this database It is then possible to query this database to retrieve all the position data of the aircraft.
  • the interrogation of this database makes it possible to recover each raw data associated with the position of the aircraft at the time of transmission and / or reception of this raw data, the corresponding time stamp if applicable, and the identifier of the aircraft.
  • a method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to geo-locate all the raw data exchanged during an air / ground transmission between an aircraft and a VHF receiver. It also makes it possible to enrich the raw data with timestamp information, position information of the aircraft and information characterizing the aircraft, in particular its 24-bit ICAO identifier.
  • the invention also relates to a device for geo-location of raw data exchanged between an aircraft and a receiver, each raw data comprising an identifier of said aircraft transmitting this data.
  • the modules can be implemented by analog means or digital means or a combination of analog and digital means.
  • the device comprises a raw data reception antenna, a position data reception antenna and a reception antenna for timestamp information of the received data. It further includes a VHF raw data receiver connected to the receiving antenna.
  • a geolocation device advantageously implements a method according to the invention and a method according to the invention is advantageously implemented by a device according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method of geo-location of raw data exchanged between an aircraft and a VHF receiver, and a device for geo-location of raw data exchanged between an aircraft and a VHF receiver characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics. mentioned above or below.
  • a method of geo-location of raw data 4 exchanged between an aircraft 7 and a receiver comprises a step 10 for obtaining position data of the aircraft 7 and a step 11 for correlating the raw data 4 and position data by determining data having an identical identifier.
  • each position data of the aircraft 7 comprises information representative of the identifier 6 of this aircraft 7.
  • the 4 raw data exchanged can be of all types. These include, for example, traffic data, aircraft system status data, or communications between pilots and air traffic controllers. These data are generally exchanged over the very high frequency (VHF) frequency band determined by the 117.975 - 137 MHz interval. The data can be received on a single communication channel at predetermined frequencies or over a plurality of communication channels.
  • VHF very high frequency
  • the information representative of the identifier 6 of the aircraft is a 24-bit identifier issued by the international civil aviation organization.
  • the information representative of the identifier 6 is a registration number 8 of the aircraft 7.
  • the method comprises a step 12 of recovering the identifier 6 of the aircraft 7 by consulting a database 14 linking aircraft identifiers to registration numbers aircraft.
  • the raw data 4 and the identifier 6 have been represented as two disjunct data, whereas in practice they form a single data item and are transmitted by the same signal between the aircraft and the receiver.
  • the registration number 8 and the raw data 4 form a single datum, but have been shown as two separate data to facilitate the understanding of the invention.
  • the choice of embodiment depends on the communication between the aircraft and the receiver. If it is an ACARS communication, only the registration of the aircraft is contained in the data flow exchanged. The embodiment of the figure 2 is in this case to privilege. On the other hand, if it is a VDL2 communication, the identifier is directly available so that the embodiment of the figure 1 is to be preferred.
  • step 10 of obtaining position data of the aircraft 7 comprises a step of receiving the data transmitted by the aircraft 7 on a dedicated channel, such as a channel 1090ES or a UAT channel.
  • a dedicated channel such as a channel 1090ES or a UAT channel.
  • Such a channel provides at regular intervals, usually every second, position information of the aircraft.
  • the step 10 of obtaining position data of the aircraft 7 comprises a step 10a of reception at non-predetermined times of position information of the aircraft and a step 10b of extrapolation of the position of the aircraft. aircraft 7 when transmitting said raw data from the position information obtained.
  • the position data is derived directly from the data 4 Gross.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable in the case where the only information available relating to the position of the aircraft is information contained directly in the raw data 4, but only at certain times, so that the position of the aircraft 7 n is not directly accessible for all raw data. If the raw data contains position information, then the raw data contains its own geo-location information.
  • the extrapolation step 10b consists in determining the position of the aircraft 7 at a time t as a function of the knowledge of the position of the aircraft at at least two moments t1, t2, neighbors of t . Different methods can be used to determine the position of the aircraft at time t . It can for example be a linear extrapolation or an extrapolation of Béziers or any equivalent method. These methods are widely commented on in the literature and known to those skilled in the art and are therefore not described here in detail.
  • the method further comprises a step 17 of time stamping each raw data 4 received by the receiver and a step 18 of time stamping each position data 5 obtained.
  • This time stamp is obtained by means of a reception 19 of GPS data.
  • the timestamping of the data can be obtained by other technical means, for example by consulting a time server type NPT or other.
  • a method according to the invention thus makes it possible to geo-locate each raw data 4 received by supplying at the output of the process the raw information 4, the position 5 of the aircraft at the time of the transmission of this raw data 4, the identifier 6 of the aircraft 7 having issued this raw data 4, and the time 9 at which this raw data 4 was issued. All of this information is stored in a database 22 that can act as a knowledge base, interrogation base or statistical analysis bases to evaluate the performance of air / ground transmissions in particular.
  • each of the steps of the method according to the embodiments described can be implemented by software means, analog means or a combination of software and analog means.
  • the correlation step 11 is preferably implemented by a computer and by executable modules within this computer.
  • the step 10 of obtaining position data is preferably implemented by a combination of analog means, for example an antenna for receiving data transmitted by an aircraft, and software means, for example a computer for processing the data. data received and transmit them to the means implementing the correlation step 11.
  • the invention also relates to a device 26 for geo-location of raw data exchanged between an aircraft 7 and a ground receiving station.
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view of such a device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the geolocation device 26 comprises a receiver 29 of raw data connected to a receiving antenna 34.
  • This receiver 29 is a VHF receiver.
  • Such a receiver is a single-channel receiver according to one embodiment of the invention. According to another embodiment, it is adapted to simultaneously receive several communication channels.
  • it comprises a bandpass filter 40 adapted to filter the received signal and retain only certain frequencies.
  • the signal then passes through a software radio module 41, better known by the acronym SDR.
  • This module 41 samples and digitizes the received signal and transmits it to a module 42 for extraction and demodulation.
  • This module 42 is adapted to provide the raw data 4 to be sent to the correlation module.
  • the geolocation device also comprises a module 30 for obtaining position data from the aircraft 7.
  • a reception module 30 is for example a receiver 1090 ES or UAT adapted to receive position data from the aircraft.
  • the module 30 is connected to the module 41 SDR VHF receiver, itself fed by the signals received by an antenna receiving signal 1090ES or UAT.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to treat several signals of different nature by the same module 41 SDR.
  • the signal received by the antenna 36 is directly transmitted to the module 30 for obtaining the position signals, possibly after processing by an SDR module specifically dedicated to these signals.
  • the position signal which contains the position data is received by the antenna 36, then passes through the module 41 SDR, before being processed by the module 30, which will extract the position data.
  • the extracted data is then supplied to the correlation module 31, to enable the geo-location of the raw data provided by the receiver 29.
  • the geolocation device 26 further comprises a module 32 for timestamping the data.
  • This timestamp module 32 is for example a GPS receiver connected to an antenna 35 for receiving GPS signals. According to another embodiment, this module 32 is connected to a time server adapted to provide a precise date and time.
  • Each of the modules of a geolocation device 26 may comprise analog means, software means or a combination of analog and software means.
  • the modules are implemented by software means, either on the same machine or distributed on several machines.
  • the modules can communicate with each other via a TCP-IP communication.
  • the geolocation device 26 has been described in connection with the figure 3 as comprising the receiver 29 of raw data. This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it allows a single device to receive signals and geo-locate.
  • the geolocation device is independent of the raw data receiver 29 and includes only one position signal receiving module and a correlation module.
  • a device can for example be implemented by means of software means and receives as input the raw data and the digitized position data and outputs a correlation between the data having an identical identifier and an identical timestamp if necessary.
  • Such a geolocation device can advantageously be associated with the known receivers to embellish them with a new feature of geo-localization of the raw data. received.
  • the raw data received also serving as position data may directly contain an identifier of the aircraft so that the step of retrieving the identifier from the registration number of the aircraft is not necessary.
  • Other variants are also possible and depend on the type of signals available on the ground and the content of these signals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Geolokalisierungsverfahren von zwischen einem Luftfahrzeug (7) und einem Empfänger VHF ausgetauschten Rohangaben (4), wobei jede Rohangabe (4) eine Kennung (6) des genannten, diese Angabe sendenden Luftfahrzeugs (7) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es umfasst:
    - eine Einholungsstufe (10) von Positionsdaten (5) des genannten Luftfahrzeugs (7), umfassend eine die genannte Kennung (6) dieses Luftfahrzeugs (7) darstellende Information,
    - eine Korrelationsstufe (11) der Rohangaben (4) und der Positionsdaten (5) durch eine Bestimmung der eine identische Kennung (6) darstellenden Angaben.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte, die genannte Kennung (6) des Luftfahrzeugs darstellende Information eine 24 Bit-Kennung ist, die von der internationalen Zivilluftfahrtorganisation ausgegeben wird.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte, die genannte Kennung (6) darstellende Information eine Eintragungsnummer (8) des Luftfahrzeugs (7) ist und dass es eine Wiedergewinnungsstufe (12) der genannten Kennung (6) des Luftfahrzeugs per Abfrage einer Datenbank (14) umfasst, die Luftfahrzeugkennungen mit den Luftfahrzeugeintragungsnummern verbindet.
  4. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Einholungsstufe (10) von Positionsdaten des genannten Luftfahrzeugs eine Empfangsstufe der von dem genannten Luftfahrzeug auf einem dedizierten Kanal übertragenen Daten umfasst.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte dedizierte Kanal ein Kanal 1090ES oder ein Kanal UAT oder ein Kanal GBAS ist.
  6. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Einholungsstufe (10) von Positionsdaten des genannten Luftfahrzeugs (7) umfasst:
    - eine Empfangsstufe (10a) von von dem genannten Luftfahrzeug (7) gesendeten Positionsdaten des genannten Luftfahrzeugs zu nicht vorbestimmten Momenten,
    - eine Extrapolationsstufe (10b) der Position des genannten Luftfahrzeugs (7) bei der Ausgabe der genannten Rohangabe (4) ausgehend von den genannten eingeholten Positionsinformationen.
  7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten, zu nicht vorbestimmten Momenten empfangenen Positionsinformationen Informationen über Flugabsichten des genannten Luftfahrzeugs sind, die von dem genannten Luftfahrzeug gesendet werden.
  8. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darüber hinaus umfasst:
    - eine Zeitstempelstufe (17) jeder von dem genannten Empfänger empfangenen Rohangabe (4),
    - eine Zeitstempelstufe (18) jeder eingeholten Positionsangabe (5).
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Korrelationsstufe (11) der Rohangaben (4) und der Positionsdaten (5) in der Bestimmung der Daten besteht, die eine identische Kennung (6) und einen identischen Zeitstempel (9) aufweisen.
  10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Zeitstempelstufe (17) jeder empfangenen Rohangabe eine Empfangsstufe einer Angabe GPS durch einen Empfänger GPS zum Zeitstempeln dieser Angabe umfasst.
  11. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Zeitstempelstufe (18) jeder empfangenen Positionsangabe eine Extrapolationsstufe des genannten Zeitstempels der genannten empfangenen Rohangabe (4) umfasst.
  12. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Anreicherungsstufe einer Positionsdatenbank (22) des genannten Luftfahrzeugs umfasst.
  13. Geolokalisierungsverfahren von zwischen einem Luftfahrzeug und einem Empfänger ausgetauschten Rohangaben, wobei jede Rohangabe eine Kennung des genannten, diese Angabe sendenden Luftfahrzeugs umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie umfasst:
    - ein Einholungsmodul (30) von Positionsdaten des genannten Luftfahrzeugs, umfassend eine Information, die die genannte Kennung dieses Luftfahrzeugs darstellt,
    - ein Korrelationsmodul (31) der Rohangaben und der Positionsdaten durch eine Bestimmung der Daten, die eine identische Kennung darstellen.
EP14179508.8A 2013-08-14 2014-08-01 Verfahren zur Geolokalisierung der Rohdaten, die bei einer Luft-Boden-Übertragung ausgetauscht werden, und entsprechende Geolokalisierungsvorrichtung Not-in-force EP2843646B1 (de)

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FR1358009A FR3009760B1 (fr) 2013-08-14 2013-08-14 Procede de geo-localisation de donnees brutes echangees lors d'une transmission air/sol et dispositif de geo-localisation correspondant

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EP2843646B1 true EP2843646B1 (de) 2016-05-18

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US (1) US20150325129A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2843646B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2583841T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3009760B1 (de)
PT (1) PT2843646T (de)

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FR3009760A1 (fr) 2015-02-20
PT2843646T (pt) 2016-07-28
EP2843646A1 (de) 2015-03-04
US20150325129A1 (en) 2015-11-12
ES2583841T3 (es) 2016-09-22
FR3009760B1 (fr) 2015-07-31

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