EP2836312A1

EP2836312A1 - System and method for compressed-air-controlled application of a porous coating material to a substrate

Info

Publication number: EP2836312A1
Application number: EP13714914.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Petry; Thorsten Adebahr; Joachim Müller
Original assignee: Worlee Chemie GmbH
Current assignee: Worlee Chemie GmbH
Priority date: 2012-04-13
Filing date: 2013-04-05
Publication date: 2015-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-05
Also published as: EP2836312B1; WO2013153006A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and a method for compressed-air-controlled application of a porous coating material to a substrate, in which at least one pressurised container is loaded with porous coating material via an inlet, the coating material is conveyed through an outlet of the at least one pressurised container into a line to which a spraying apparatus is connected, wherein the coating material is conducted through a valve unit, which is arranged downstream of the at least one pressurised container and upstream of the spraying apparatus and in which the coating material is mixed with compressed air and optionally water or water-containing additives, the coating material treated in this manner is conducted into an inlet of the spraying apparatus, the spraying apparatus is supplied with compressed air via a further inlet, and the coating material is atomised in a compressed-air-assisted manner and applied to a substrate. The invention also relates to the valve unit of the system. The invention also relates to the use of a porous coating material for spray application and to a method for insulating an object.

Description

Plant and method for compressed air controlled application of a porous coating material to a substrate

The present invention relates to a system and a procedural ^¬ ren for applying a liquid to paste-like and porous coating material to a substrate, in particular by means druckluftgesteuertem spraying of the coating material so ^¬ as a part of the plant which is used for controlling conveyance of the coating material, so that his preserving the porosity of ^¬-causing properties. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a porous coating material for spray application to a substrate.

In the prior art liquid to pasty coating ^¬ materials are known to contain highly porous solid particles, which are based for example on aerogels or xerogels based on silicon dioxide (silica). In addition, such coating materials may additionally contain gas bubbles which produce a foam-like structure. Such solids may be particles ^¬ according to known sol-gel method and special drying process can be obtained and are commercially available and industrially available. Due to their large pore volumes of up to more than 90% they are interesting as Isolierma ^¬ terialien, especially for heat, cold or sound insulation. Liquid to pasty Beschichtungsmateria ^¬ materials of the aforementioned type are also referred to below as porous coating materials.

For this purpose, the surfaces to be insulated are coated with the materials, so that the desired insulating ^¬ effect is achieved, for. For roofs, exterior and interior walls of buildings or containers such as containers, tanks, pipelines, etc. vehicle parts, ship components, plant components of the chemical industry and other industries.

The application of coating materials is generally done by rolling, trowelling or spraying. In the latter method, the coating material is generally from a storage container via a suitable conduit of a spray apparatus such as a spray gun will be supplied ^¬ leads, by means of which it is then applied to one or more FLAE ^¬ chen (substrate) of an article.

When using porous coating materials it has proven to be disadvantageous, that the pressures in the promotion of Mate ^¬ rials in systems which are suitable according to the state of the art for injection technical application of liquid to pasty materials to substrates involved are so high that the porous and / or foam-like structure adversely impressed ^¬ or even completely destroyed. This is accompanied by a corresponding loss of insulation performance. Also can be used in systems which are suitable according to the state of the art for injection technical application of liquid to pasty materials to substrates, not spray porous coating mate rials ^¬ appropriate. The delivery rate is minimal and it comes to ^{Verstopfun ¬} conditions after a short period of operation.

Thus, when using conventional pump units for conveying a coating material from a Vorratsbehäl ^¬ ter to the inlet of a spray gun pressures in the range of 10 to about 180 bar occur, regardless of the type of pump used, such as pistons, diaphragm, centrifugal, worm, gear or perestaltic pumps.

Furthermore, pressure vessels (pressure vessels) are used as reservoirs and for conveying coating material for an injection technical application known. In this form the material ^¬ promote the coating material is ge fills ^¬ into a container and this applied after sealing with compressed air, whereby the material through an outlet from the container into an associated conduit and connected thereto before ^¬ devices for processing and application of the material is transported on substrates. It proves to be nachtei ^¬ lig that forms a funnel or V-shaped space in the pressure vessel after pressurization, whereby the coating material is pressed against the container walls, which is associated with an undesirable compression and damage to the porous structure. In addition, the formation of the funnel or V-shaped space prevents the promotion of the coating material.

To avoid this disadvantage of the pressure vessel may also called follower plate with a so-called printing plate, are verses ^¬ hen, which divides the container into a pressure medium chamber and a material space. In order to convey the coating material from the material space, the pressure medium chamber is pressurized and the pressure plate then presses the Beschich ^¬ processing material evenly in the direction of the outlet. However, in this variant too high pressures occur so that the porous structure is compressed, impaired or destroyed.

So far, therefore, the use of insulating materials of the aforementioned type was comparatively limited or associated with the less efficient types of application of the spinning or rolling.

Thus, DE 20 2007 017 944 U1 describes a plastering machine with a pipeline for conveying the plastering material by means of a pump. In addition, the system has a compressed air circle up. This serves to control valves on a spray ^lance as well as in the conveying line for the plastering material.

DE 102 11 331 A1 describes a mechanically applicable sound or heat insulation and a method for applying the same. In the context of the task underlying the invention of this patent application, the creation of a sprayable thermal insulation is mentioned. It can be used as insulating filler airgel. The airgel can be conveyed in dry form by means of propellant air from a conveyor via a transport hose in the form of a so-called thin stream to a spraying device, which is located directly in front of a surface to be coated (application surface). Immediately in front of the spray nozzle of the spray device is a mixer in which the dry airgel mixed with binder and moved in a so- ^¬ th dense stream on to the spray nozzle and the mixture is then applied under pressure from directly to the spray nozzle supplied compressed air to the application surface. Furthermore, it is mentioned that a ready-processed, airgel-containing insulation material can be provided in containers and processed from the container by machine or by hand, without, however, disclosing details regarding a method or a device therefor.

DE 39 16 319 AI relates to a spray head on a plaster ^¬ machine for processing mortar. The mortar is conveyed by means of a mortar pump. The spray head has an air supply, is supplied via the compressed air in the mouth region of the spray head before leakage of the mortar.

US 4,117,551 relates to a spray gun for applying urethane foam. The individual components of the foam are supplied separately from storage containers of the spray gun and mixed within the spray gun and from there to a Substrate applied as a foam. The structure of the spray gun is shown in particular in Figures 2 to 6.

Against the above background of the present invention has the object of providing a plant and a method ^¬ bereitzu, which contain materials that porous solids such as in particular aerogels and xerogels based on silicon dioxide, can be efficiently applied to a variety of different substrates without the key for the iso ^{¬-regulating} effect of the porosity Beschichtungsma- lost terialien.

The object of the invention is achieved by a method for compressed air controlled application of a porous coating material a plant and to a substrate, wherein a) at least one pressure vessel is fed via an inlet with po ^¬ rösem coating material, b) the coating material through an outlet of min ^¬ least c) wherein the coating material is passed through a Ventilein ^¬ unit, which downstream of the at least ei ^¬ nen pressure vessel and upstream of the Spritzappara ^¬ tur is arranged and in which the coating material with is mixed compressed air and optionally water or wasserhal ^¬ current additives, d) is passed, the coating material thus treated in a one ^¬ let the spray apparatus, e) the spray apparatus is fed through a further inlet compressed air and f) the coating material servo-assisted zer stäubt ^¬ and is applied to a substrate.

The system according to the invention for the compressed-air-controlled application of porous coating material to a substrate comprises at least one pressure vessel for charging with coating material, the pressure vessel having an inlet and an outlet for the coating material, a spraying apparatus for applying the porous coating material to a substrate, wherein the spraying apparatus has an inlet comprises for the coating material, a further inlet for the supply of compressed air and a nozzle arrangement, a line connecting the Beschichtungsmaterialauslass the print ^¬ container with the coating material inlet of the spray gun ^¬ temperature, a valve unit, which is connected to the conduit and downstream of the outlet the pressure vessel and upstream ^{¬ of} the inlet of the injection apparatus is arranged, wherein the valve unit has at least one extending in the longitudinal direction through the valve unit bore having a Passage channel forms for transporting the coating material comprises at least one lateral bore, the leave one A ^¬ forms for the supply of compressed air, the given ^¬ optionally is mixed with water or water containing additives, wherein the at least one lateral bore with the longitudinally extending bore so connected is, that the coating material in the passage channel can be mixed with the compressed air, and optionally has at least one further lateral bore, which forms an inlet for water for Reinigungszwe ^¬ bridges and is also connected to the longitudinally durau ^¬ fenden bore, wherein the lateral bores each with Non-return valves are provided.

Another object of the invention is a valve unit for controlling the promotion of a porous coating material in a system according to the invention, wherein the valve unit has at least one ver ^¬ in the longitudinal direction through the valve ^¬ running bore, which forms a passage for Trans ^¬ port of the coating material, at least one lateral Having bore which forms an inlet for the supply of compressed air, which is optionally mixed with water or aqueous additives, wherein the at least one lateral bore with the longitudinal bore is connected so that the coating material can be mixed in the passageway with the compressed air , and optionally at least one further lateral bore on ^¬ which forms an inlet for water for cleaning purposes and which is also connected to the longitudinally extending bore, wherein the lateral bores each with Rückschlagv are provided.

Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a coating material as defined herein for injection technical on ^¬ brin supply to a substrate as defined herein. Finally, the invention relates to a method for the isolation of an object, in which are defined to be insulated coated surfaces of the object after OF INVENTION ^¬ to the invention process as described herein as a substrate one or several ^¬ r.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following description, the figures and the dependent claims.

In certain embodiments, the method according to the invention and the system according to the invention comprise further features in addition to the features mentioned in the patent claims. In further embodiments of the inventive method and the inventive system from the consist in the patent claims and the present specification ^¬ features disclosed. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the part of the system according to the invention, which serves to control the promotion of the coating material.

In particular, the system according to the invention does not comprise pumps for conveying the coating material. Instead, as disclosed above and also below, the porous coating material is conveyed by means of compressed air. It is in the valve unit according to the invention, which can also be referred to as a mixing unit, mixed with compressed air and, if necessary, water or water-containing additives. Thus, the porous structure of the coating material can be obtained.

Compared to the aforementioned prior art, the present invention is thus characterized in particular by the advantage that no pumps are used to convey the coating material. Instead, the coating material is conveyed with compressed air and especially in the modern fiction, ^¬ valve or mixing unit with compressed air and, if necessary, water water / water-containing additives mixed before then the coating material compressed air assisted by means of a spray ^¬ apparatus is applied to a surface to be coated.

Brief description of the figures

FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the installation according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a pressure vessel according to the invention with pressure plate, outlet and outlet valve.

3 shows a valve unit of the invention with through ^¬ let channel for the coating material and side Zufüh ^¬ implications for compressed air.

FIG. 4 shows a side view of a spraying apparatus in the form of a manual spray gun.

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of the handgun.

Figure 6 shows a front view, a side view and a plan view of a system according to the invention, which is arranged on a trolley, and a picture of an operator with the system to illustrate a possible dimensioning.

Figure 7 shows a three dimensional view of a modern fiction, ^¬ system with two pressure vessels, which is arranged on a trolley.

However, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures given above ^¬ figures. FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the system according to the invention, comprising a pressure vessel 1, a spraying apparatus 2, a valve unit 3 according to the invention, a pressure regulating valve and pressure gauge arrangement 5 for the regulation of the compressed air supply and the corresponding lines 4a, 4b, 6, 7 , 8 for compressed air and coating material delivery. Not shown in Figure 1 is another container for receiving liquid, in particular water or wasserhal ^¬ term liquids, and a conduit with which the container is connected to the compressed air line 7, so that in the valve unit 3 supplied compressed air as required be ^¬ can be humidified.

In step (a) of the method according to the invention, the pressure vessel 1 is charged via an inlet with porous coating material. The inlet can be formed for example by ei ^¬ NEN removable cover of the container, which is closed after loading of the container again with this pressure-resistant. Alternatively, the inlet may be in the form of an opening at a suitable location on the container provided with a suitable valve connected to a conduit through which coating material is supplied.

After loading of the pressure vessel 1, the coating material ^¬ according to step (b) of the method according to the invention by pressurizing the outlet ld (see Figure 2), which is provided with a valve for opening and closing the outlet, from the container into the line ( 4a, 4b), to which a spraying apparatus 2 is connected.

If an embodiment is used in the pressure vessel, which uses a pressure plate 9 (see FIG. 2), the pressure vessel is subdivided into a coating material space le and a pressure medium space lf. By applying the pressure middle space with supplied via line 6 compressed air ^¬ se is set in motion, so that the coating material from the coating material space le in line 4a, 4b is conveyed. Alternatively, the pressure plate can be moved mechanically or hydraulically.

According to the invention more than one pressure vessel can be used and can be removed from this simultaneously or successively coating material. There are then other lines and valves that regulate the simultaneous or successive transport of the coating material from these containers.

The coating material according to step (c) of the OF INVENTION ^¬ to the invention process, after exit from the pressure vessel and entering line 4a passed through an inventive Ventilein ^¬ uniform. 3 The valve unit has a longitudinal bore which forms a passageway 3a for the coating material. This is connected with lateral prepared holes ^¬ gen 3b and 3c, the inlets for compressed air form, so that the coating material in the through-flow channel is mixed with the compressed air and is fluidized by this. The ^inlet are provided with check valves 3e, 3f.

The compressed air is optionally a liquid, in particular water or water-containing materials ^¬ added, and optionally further additives to be added to the coating material and the compressed air can be transported. For this purpose, a suitable Vernebier (not shown in Figure 1) can be used.

By taking place in the valve unit 3 compressed air supply the coating material is loosened in the further promotion by line 4b to the spray apparatus such that damage or destruction of the porous structure or which make up the porous structure of the coating material ^¬ the components avoided or sufficiently reduced, so that the material after application to a substrate is suitable as an insulating material.

In the light of this disclosure, those skilled in the art will recognize, with respect to the length of leads 4a and 4b, that they are to be designed to achieve the above effect. Of course, the exact lengths depend on the overall dimensions of the system according to the invention. As also illustrated in FIG. 1, the valve unit 3 according to the invention can connect via a short line section 4a or directly to the pressure vessel.

After mixing and, if appropriate, moistening or addition of further materials which can be conveyed by means of compressed air in the valve unit 3, the coating material is further conveyed by compressed air through line 4b to the injection apparatus. The line 4a, 4b may be wholly or partly formed of rigid or flexible pressure-resistant material.

For example, the conduit 4a may be made of stainless steel and the conduit 4b of a pressure-resistant flexible hose based on, for example, polyvinyl chloride. Further Schläu ^¬ che are suitable on the basis of mixtures of PVC and silicone, which are in particular double-walled. The Schlauchmateri ^¬ alien are characterized in that they are smooth-walled, and do not absorb moisture.

For example, for the downstream of the valve unit to ^¬ ordered line 4b, a commercially available from the company Petzetakis Deuschland GmbH flexible hose based on PVC with the trade name Helivyl Buna Super Soft used over a temperature range from -30 ° C to + 80 ° C. can be used and required resistance to weathering (ozone and has UV, water, acids, alkalis, resistance to aging) on ^¬. Exemplary hose lengths are 1 to 50 m, preferably 10 to 40 m, z. B. 12 or 15 to 20 m.

The inner diameter of the lines of the system according to the invention can be in the range of a few mm to cm, depending on the overall dimensioning of the system. For the line 4a, 4b for conveying the coating material of the inner ^¬ diameter is for example 10 to 20 mm. In particular, a tube of the above type can be used, wherein the inner diameter is 13 mm.

Cables used for compressed air supply have diameters within the same order of magnitude as described above. In particular, a line 8 for supplying compressed air to the injection apparatus from a conduit such as a hose with an inner diameter in the range of 5 to 20 mm, in particular 5 to 15 mm such as 9 mm exist.

In step (d) of the process according to the invention the loading coating material is directed into an inlet of an injection apparatus 2, which may be formed for example as a manual or automatic injection ^¬ gun having a nozzle assembly 2a, an operating lever 2b and a pistol grip 2c. The injection apparatus has a further inlet 2d for the supply of compressed air.

In the spray apparatus, the compressed air is then brought to the loading coating material in contact, that it may be atomized through due ^¬ nozzle arrangement 2a and applied to the substrate to be coated in a suitable beam such as a flat jet or an omnidirectional beam.

By the pressure control valve and pressure gauge 5, the pressures in the pressure vessel 1, in the coating material line 4a, 4b and in the compressed air lines 7 to the valve unit and 8 to the injection apparatus separately controllable, so that in each case the desired operating conditions can be adjusted.

In the inventive method, the working pressures in the pressure vessel are generally in the range between 2 and 5 bar, in particular 2 to 4.5 bar, in the valve unit according to the invention in the range between 2 and 4 bar, in particular 2 to 3 bar, and in the injection apparatus in Range from 2 to 5 bar.

Depending on the viscosity of the coating material according to one embodiment of the invention, the working pressure in the pressure vessel and the pressure for the additional compressed air supply in the valve unit according to the invention between 1.5 and 3.0 bar, the pressure for the additional compressed air supply equal to or lower than the working pressure in Pressure vessel is.

The flow rate of the coating material is ^generally 0.25 to 10 kg / min., This value being dependent on the pressures used in the individual plant areas and the dimensioning of the nozzle arrangement in the spraying apparatus.

With the addition of liquid for humidifying the compressed air in ^¬ particular water or water-containing liquid in the supplied via a line 7 of the valve unit 3 compressed air be ^¬ contributes the liquid consumption in the above conditions about 0.05 to 1 kg / hour, this Value also depends on the dimensioning of the plant and the pressures used in the individual plant areas and the nozzle arrangement.

The following two tables give typical consumption rates for compressed air (in 1 / min.) In injection-type spray equipment. pistol depending on the in the spray apparatus

the nozzle size and the set pressure.

However, the above values are also dependent on the ambient temperature and the properties of the coating material and vary Kings ^¬ nen depending.

The process according to the invention is generally carried out at room temperature, i. H. carried out in a temperature range between 15 and 25 ° C. However, it may also be carried out at lower or higher temperatures as long as the conveyance of the coating material is given, e.g. in a temperature range of 5 to 15 ° C.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the pressure vessel according to the invention with pressure plate 9 and outlet ld, which leads into a coating material line 4b, which is connected to a valve lb for controlling the outflow from the pressure vessel 1. By using the pressure plate 9, the pressure vessel is divided into a coating material space le and a pressure medium space lf. By pressurizing the Pressure fluid space lf the pressure plate is moved towards the outlet be ^¬ and thus conveyed the coating material in line 4b.

Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of an embodiment of the valve unit according to the invention, which is connected upstream via the valve lb to a line 4a, in which the coating material from the outlet of the pressure vessel ^¬ occurs. On the downstream side of the Ventilein ^¬ integrated is connected to a line 4b which leads to the spray apparatus. The valve unit has a passage 3 a, which is laterally connected to bores 3 b and 3 c, which are provided on their outer side respectively with check valves 3 e and 3 f, are connected to the lines 7 a and 7 b, takes place via the compressed air supply. In this case, the compressed air with liquid, especially water, water-containing materials or other additives, which are conveyed by compressed air, are added.

The lateral bores 3b and 3c are arranged so that the supply of compressed air, the promotion of the material downstream of the injection apparatus supports. For this purpose, the holes are arranged in the ^¬ particular at an angle <90 °, preferably at an angle in the range of 20 to 60 °, in particular 30 to 50 °, such as 35 to 45 °. Preferably, the lateral bores are arranged opposite one another. A particularly Güns ^¬ term mixing and loosening of the material is achieved.

Not shown in Figure 3 is a further connection, which may be mounted on top of the valve unit and serving the supply of cleaning agent and / or water after the end of the operation of the plant according to the invention, so that these ge ^¬ purified and can be freed from the coating material residues , This further feed line is also provided with a ge ^¬ suitable valve such as a check valve. Figure 4 shows a side view of a spray apparatus in the form of a hand-held spray gun which is equipped with a nozzle assembly 2a, egg ^¬ nem operating lever 2b, an inlet for the coating material 2c and another inlet for compressed air 2d ^¬. The handgun also has a suspension hook 2f.

Figure 5 shows a lateral sectional view through the hand ^¬ zpistole sprit of Figure 4. According to the invention, the cerium ^¬ atomization for example by means known in the art of commercially available spray guns which have suitable nozzles assemblies having inner and Außenzerstäubung.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the system according to the invention, in which this is arranged on a trolley. A ge ^¬ suitable embodiment of the trolley has a width 10 of 70 to 100 cm, a height 11 of 70 to 100 cm and a length 12 of 80 to 100 cm. On the bottom plate of the rolling ^¬ cart a housing is applied, within which he ^¬ inventive valve unit 3 is housed. On the upper side of the housing, there are two pressure vessels, each having an outlet with adjoining material line, which are brought together to form a conduit which is connected to the valve unit (not shown in FIG. 6).

In the front view of Figure 6a is a connection 14 to se ^¬ hen, to which a line 4 for conveying the coating material can be connected to a spray apparatus. Line 4 is designed in the embodiment shown in Figure 6 as a flexible hose, which is shown in its storage position. Further, a container 15 is arranged on the trolley, in which a liquid such as water for humidification ^¬ tion of the compressed air is stored and to a compressed air line 7 (not shown in Figure 6) can be connected, which leads to the valve unit according to the invention.

In addition to a mobile embodiment such as shown in Figure 6, the plant according to the invention can also be stationary, i. permanently in a certain place.

FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional view of the trolley according to FIG. 6, in which, in particular, inlet valves for the supply of compressed air to the pressure vessels 1 are shown. The pressure vessels 1 have on their upper side also via pressure gauges, which indicate the pressure in the pressure medium space. Otherwise, reference may be made to the explanations regarding FIG. 7.

The plant according to the invention has been described above with respect to its use for applying a porous coating material. However, the system and in particular the arrangement of the valve unit according to the invention can also be used for other purposes in which a material delivery and compressed air supply are beneficial, as the plant of the invention allows. Thus, if desired, the system can also be used to apply non-porous materials to substrates or to treat surfaces with materials which can be conveyed and applied by the system according to the invention, even if no permanent connection between the material and the treated substrate is associated with the application. z. B. because there is only a cleaning or polishing effect to be achieved.

According to the invention, in addition to conventional compressed air, other gases and gas mixtures (compressed gases) for pressurizing and pressure-assisted transport and application can be used. Porous coating materials which can be conveyed with the system according to the invention and applied to substrates as well as their preparation are described, for example, in EP 1 697 671 A1 and WO 2003/097227 A1. Other suitable materials are commercially available, e.g. From Worlee-Chemie GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.

The porous, liquid to pasty coating materials are generally present as aqueous dispersions of porous, ie having pore-containing solid particles. In other words, a coating material according to the invention comprises a liquid phase in which porous solid particles are dispersed. The consistency of this dispersion can be described as liquid to pasty, depending on the Antei ^¬ len of the solid and liquid components of the respective dispersion. In addition, these coating materials may additionally contain gas bubbles (eg air-filled or air-containing Gasbla ^¬ sen), which produce a foam-like structure. The materials according to the invention described above are also referred to herein briefly as porous coating materials.

In particular, the coating material according to the invention has a viscosity of 10,000 to 100,000 mPas, in particular 30,000 to 100,000 mPas, preferably 50,000 to 90,000 mPas, measured with a haake VT 500 viscometer, measuring device E 100, shear stress about 91 S ^_1 .

Depending on the desired application, the coating materials, in addition to the constituents that make up the porosity, more solid or liquid ingredients are added to give the desired properties such. B. flame retardants for flame retardant finishing of an insulating layer or corrosion protection agent prepared from the coating material for corrosion-protective equipment when applied to metal substrates. The substrates to be coated may form or form part of items such as roofs, exterior and interior walls of buildings or containers such as containers, tanks, pipelines, vehicle parts, marine components, plant components of the chemical industry and other industries. Before applying the coating according to the invention, they may already have been coated with other materials, for example with paints.

In particular, the substrate comprises or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, wood and wood-based materials, metals, in particular iron, steel and aluminum, in particular anodized aluminum, mineral building materials such as concrete, cement materials, tiles, stones, such as For example, sand-lime brick, ytone stone, ceramics, and plastics, in particular polyethylene and copolymers thereof and suitable for use as coatings ^¬ polymers such as alkyd resins, and Kom ^¬ combinations thereof.

The porous solid particles of the coating material may be formed from airgel or xerogel particles of organic or inorganic materials, e.g. Resorcinol-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde airgel particles or metal oxide airgel particles (e.g., silica, titania and alumina aerogels). Furthermore, other porous solid particles of organic or inorganic nature, for. B. be used on zeolite.

The porous coating material which can be processed according to the invention preferably contains porous solid particles based on silica aerogels or xerogels, which may optionally be chemically modified. Also suitable are other inorganic or organic porous solids. In particular ^¬ sondere the surface of the aero- or xerogels is hydrophobically modified, in particular by silanization. In particular, silica-based aerogels are hereafter also short Silica aerogels, suitable according to the invention. These materials have a density in the range of 100 to 140 kg / m ³ and a porosity of> 80%, in particular of> 90%. The Po ^¬ rosity is accompanied by a high inner surface of about 600 to 800 g / m ² , measured as BET surface area, and a high oil absorption of about 500 to 700 g DBP (dibutyl phthalate) per 100 g of solid particles.

As the skilled person is aware, the percentage of the pore volume at Gesamtvo ^¬ lumen of the porous material is meant by porosity or Porosi ^¬ tätsgrad. An inventively ver ^¬ arbeitbares porous coating material based on silicon ca aerogels or xerogels preferably has the following parameters relating to the material as a starting material, ie, the method described before application to substrates by means of the herein and subsequent drying to form an insulating layer.

The density of the material is generally 0.3 to 0.8 g / cm ³ , in particular 0.4 to 0.6 g / cm ³ , in particular 0.5 g / cm ³ .

The pH is generally in the range of 7 to 10, preferably 8 to 10, especially 8.3 to 8.5. The Shore hardness (measured with a hardness tester according to DIN 53505) is generally in the range of A = 20 to 70, preferably 30 to 60, in particular 45.

The total solids content, ie the content of the dispersions of porous and non-porous solids, is generally in the range of about 50 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 60 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 65 to 75 wt .-% as about 67% by weight. The content of porous solid particles is generally in the range of about 8 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 15 wt .-%.

The gas bubble content is generally in the range of 0 vol .-% to 50 vol .-%, preferably 10 vol .-% to 40 vol .-%, in particular 20 vol .-% to 30 vol .-%. The gas bubble content he ^¬ pays off in which the volume of the total formulation (calculated from mass * density) the volume fraction of Formulie ^¬ approximately constituents is taken off and is set in relation to the ^overall volume of.

The water content of the formulation of the coating material is generally in the range of 20 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 25 to 40 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 35 wt .-% such as 32 wt .-%.

In addition to the porous solid component and a dispersion ^¬ medium, particularly water, containing the coating material is generally as further components at least one polymer or copolymer, and in particular acrylate and gegebe ^¬ appropriate, other ingredients such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, surfactants, pigments, flame retardant additives, anti-corrosion ^¬ medium etc.

The porous coating material is applied by means of the method according to Invention ^¬ generally in layer thicknesses of up to 30 mm on a substrate. Preferably, the layer thickness is in the range of 10 mm to 100 pm, in particular 5 mm to 500 pm, based on the dried state, which is generally achieved by drying at room temperature within 24 hours after application. It can also be dried at elevated temperatures, for example at temperatures up to 120 ° C. In the not yet dried, ie wet state, the layer thicknesses are usually about 10 to 20% larger. embodiment

A coating material was prepared according to the following formula.

4 of STW - available Black Forest textile works, the others are from Worlée Chemie GmbH, Hamburg, he ^¬ hältlich.

To prepare the coating material, component 1 and component 2 were initially charged and homogenized with stirring. Then, constituent 3 and constituent 4 were slowly interspersed in portions ^without stirring, and then dispersed with the dispersant under high shear. Thereafter, ingredient 5 was slowly interspersed in portions with slow stirring and homogenized using low gravitational forces. Subsequently, constituent 6 was slowly interspersed in portions with slow stirring and homogenized using low gravitational forces. Finally inventory ^¬ part 7 and part 8 was allowed to flow under slow stirring and homogenized using low shear forces. Subsequently, an amount of about 5kg the coating material was introduced into a pressure vessel shown of an installation as in Figure 6 and ^¬ sheet as the substrate by means of this system on a steel.

Before the porous coating material was filled in the system, it was filled with water and rinsed. In addition to the pre-moistening of the pressure vessel 1 and the tubes 4a, 4b, the function of the individual components can be checked in this case.

The container or containers 1 were designed so that they could be filled with 2 liters of water each and then sealed. The containers were pressurized with 0.5 bar. The outlet valve lb of the pressure vessel and the invention ^shown SSE valve unit 3 have been opened and the lever 2b of the spray gun 2 is actuated. The water was pushed through the system and exited the gun nozzle.

In addition, the compressed air supply via line 7 was opened, also with 0.5 bar. The water was enriched with air from the nozzle. The atomizing air supply 8 was opened and also set at 0.5 bar. The air-assured angerei ^¬ water entered from atomized from the nozzle to the gun. 2 This process can serve both the pre-moistening of all relevant parts and the function check. After the container (s) were drained, the pressure was released.

Then, the coating material into the pressure vessels or the ^¬ ter 2 is filled. Thereafter, the pressure plate 9 was placed on the material and the container / 2 closed. The material pressure and the compressed air supply 7 were set to 2.5 bar. Since ^¬ after the exhaust valve lb was opened and the gun lever 2b actuated. If the material exits at the nozzle of the pistol le 2, the atomizing air was set at 3.0 bar and the material was applied to a substrate.

After completion of the work, the system was rinsed with water as described and cleaned.

Furthermore, suitable specimens were produced from the coating material and the heat transfer coefficient and the thermal conductivity were measured. To prepare the specimens, the coating material was applied to a non-adhesive surface (eg made of Teflon) (wet about 12 mm layer thickness, dry about 10 mm layer thickness). After drying, the coating was removed from the substrate and square test specimens with 29 cm edge length were cut.

The heat transfer coefficient indicates the amount of heat that passes through 1 m ^{2 of} a substance with a certain layer thickness when the temperature difference is 1 K. The ^¬ ser value is therefore dependent on the layer thickness. It was measured according to the method described in DIN EN 12664. Thereafter, the heat transfer coefficient was at a 10 mm with a di ^¬ CKEN layer of insulating material above coated sample 4.7 W / (m ² x K).

The thermal conductivity is the ability of a substance thermi ^¬ specific energy by means of thermal conduction in the form of heat to trans port ^¬. As a material constant, this value is independent of the layer ^¬ thick. The thermal conductivity of the above-ge ^¬ called sample layer was 0, 046 W / (m ² x K) measured by the method described in DIN EN 12664 method. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 pressure vessel

la, lb inlet valve or outlet valve pressure vessel

lc Upper closure of the pressure vessel

le coating material space

ld outlet pressure vessel

lf pressure medium space

2 spraying equipment

2a atomizer nozzle

2b operating lever

2c spray gun handle

2d inlet compressed air spray apparatus

2e coating material feed spray apparatus

2f grab handle sprayer

3 valve unit

3a passage channel valve unit

3b, 3c lateral holes valve unit

3d, 3e check valves

4 line between pressure vessel and injection apparatus 4a, 4b downstream or upstream lines

5 pressure control valve and pressure gauge assembly for compressed air ^¬ supply

5a Pressure control valve and manometer for compressed air supply

pressure vessel

5b Pressure control valve and manometer for compressed air supply Valve unit

5c Pressure control valve and manometer for compressed air supply

spraying equipment

6 compressed air line pressure vessel

7 compressed air line valve unit

7a, 7b compressed air supply lines valve unit

8 compressed air line spraying device

9 pressure plate pressure vessel

10 wide trolleys

11 height trolley Length trolley

operator

Connection for line 4 liquid container

Claims

claims

1. A method of pneumatically controlled application of a porous coating material onto a substrate, wherein a) is fed at least one pressure vessel through an inlet with a porous coating material, b) the coating material of the min ^¬ least one pressure vessel is conveyed in a conduit through an outlet to the a spraying apparatus is connected, c) wherein the coating material is passed through a Ventilein ^¬ standardized that the at least one pressure vessel and upstream of the spray gun ^¬ temperature is disposed downstream and in which the coating Mate ^¬ rial with compressed air and optionally water or what ^¬ serhaltigen additives mixed is d) is passed, the thus treated coating material in a one ^¬ let the spray apparatus, e) the spray apparatus is fed through a further inlet compressed air and f) the coating material servo-assisted zer stäubt ^¬ and is applied to a substrate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the coating material has a porosity, so that it is suitable for Verwen ^¬ tion as an insulating material and the porosity of the coating material during the process steps (a) to (f) is substantially maintained.

3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the coating material contains porous solid particles having a porosity of> 80%, especially a porosity of> 90%, wherein the coating material insbeson ^¬ particular comprises an airgel or xerogel, preferably an airgel based on silicon dioxide, wherein the gel in particular ^¬ sondere ³ and more than 90% void volume having a density of 30 to 100 kg / m.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating material has a viscosity of 10,000 to 120,000 mPas, measured with a viscometer Haake VT 500, measuring device E 100, shear stress about 91 S ¹ .

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure in the pressure vessel and the injection apparatus of 2 to 5 bar and in the valve unit is 2 to 3 bar.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, wood and wood-based materials, metals, in particular iron, steel and aluminum, mineral building materials such as concrete, cement materials, tiles, stones, ceramics, and plastics, and combinations thereof, wherein the coating material into ^¬ particular in an amount of about 10 g / m ² to 10 kg / m ^2, preferably about 50 g / m ² to about 5 kg / m ^2, in particular about 200 g / m ² to 1 kg / m ^{2 is} applied to the substrate.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating material with a thickness of about 50 μιη to 30 mm, preferably with a thickness of 100 μιη to 10 mm, in particular 500 μιη to 5 mm is applied to the substrate ^¬ and so an insulating layer is produced.

A plant for the compressed air-controlled application of porous coating material to a substrate, comprising at least one pressure vessel for charging with coating material, the pressure vessel having an inlet and an outlet for the coating material, a spraying apparatus for applying the porous coating material to a substrate, wherein the spraying apparatus comprising inlet for the coating material, a wide ^¬ ren inlet for the supply of compressed air and a Düsenan ^¬ order, one line connecting the Beschichtungsmaterialauslass of the pressure vessel with the coating material inlet of the spray apparatus, a valve unit, which is connected to the line and the downstream of the Outlet of the pressure vessel and upstream of the inlet of the injection apparatus is arranged, wherein the valve unit has at least one longitudinally extending through the valve unit bore, which has a through ^¬ lasskanal to Tran forms at least one lateral bore which forms an inlet for the supply of compressed air, which is optionally treated with water or water containing additives, wherein the one lateral bore with the longitudinally extending bore is at least connected so that the coating material in the passageway may be mixed with the compressed air, and optionally at least one further lateral Boh ^¬ tion that a Inlet for water forms for cleaning purposes and is also connected to the running in the longitudinal ^¬ direction bore, wherein the lateral bores are each provided with check valves has.

9. Plant according to claim 8, wherein the line connecting the pressure vessel with the injection apparatus, upstream and / or downstream of the valve unit in the form ei ^¬ nes flexible hose is formed.

10. Plant according to claim 9, wherein the tube consists of polyvinyl chloride-containing material.

11. Valve unit for controlling the conveyance of a porous coating material in a plant according to one of the claims ^¬ 8 to 10, which has at least one extending longitudinally through the valve unit bore which forms a passageway for transporting the coating material, has at least one lateral bore, which forms an ^admission for the supply of compressed air, the if mixed with water or water-containing additives, wherein the at least one lateral bore is connected to the longitudinal bore so that the coating material in the passageway can be mixed with the compressed air, and optionally at least one further lateral bore having an inlet for Forms water for Reinigungszwe ^¬ bridges and which is also connected to the longitudinally extending bore, wherein the lateral bores are each provided with check valves.

12. Valve unit according to claim 11 or system according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the valve unit has two lateral bores, each forming inlets for the supply of compressed air, wherein the compressed air is optionally mixed with water or water-containing additives, and with the in longitudinal communication bore are in fluid communication, wherein the two side bores right side and left side are arranged opposite, a third lateral bore which forms an inlet for water for cleaning purposes and which is in fluid communication with the longitudinal bore also in fluid communication, the third lateral bore is disposed above ^¬ or bottom side.

13. Valve unit according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the at least one or the two lateral bores, which each form inlets for the supply of compressed air, wherein the compressed air optionally with water or water. containing added additives, based on the upstream part of the longitudinal bore, which forms the passageway for the coating material, are arranged at an acute angle, preferably ^¬ at an angle in the range of 20 to 60 °, in ^¬ special 30 to 40 °.

14. Use of a coating material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 for the spray application to a substrate according to one of claims 6 to 7 by means of a method as defined in any one of claims 1, 2 and 5 defined.

15. A method for the isolation of an object, wherein the substrate to be coated as one or more of the surfaces to be insulated Ge ^¬ gens tandes by the process according to any one of claims 1 to. 7