Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42D—BLASTING
  • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
  • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
  • F42B3/087—Flexible or deformable blasting cartridges, e.g. bags or hoses for slurries
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
  • F42B3/24—Cartridge closures or seals
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42D—BLASTING
  • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
  • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
  • F42D1/20—Tamping cartridges, i.e. cartridges containing tamping material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42D—BLASTING
  • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
  • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
  • F42D1/22—Methods for holding or positioning for blasting cartridges or tamping cartridges

Definitions

• This invention relates to rock breaking and more specifically to cartridges used for breaking rock.
• rock as used herein covers natural rock and also includes concrete or similar structures that are to be broken up.
• High energy explosives crush and pulverise the rock which can then be removed for either retrieving the sought after mineral within the rock or for disposal of the rock.
• the problem with detonating explosives is that the ignition of the explosive is followed by a violent Shockwave which may cause rock fragments to be projected from the explosion site.
• the projected rock fragments pose a great risk to mine workers, thus commonly requiring a large area surrounding the blasting site to be cleared.
• the pulverisation of the rock may create a thick cloud of dust to surround the blasting site, making it impossible to work at the site for extended periods of time.
• Non-detonating explosives function by containing and directing rapidly expanding gases within and against the rock, thereby causing the rock to break without the violent shock wave and pulverisation of the rock.
• Non-detonating explosives are used by drilling boreholes into the rock, inserting non-detonating explosive cartridges containing a gas generating compound, commonly a propellant, into the boreholes and igniting the cartridges.
• the borehole Prior to ignition of the cartridge, the borehole must be stemmed by packing particulate material, usually sand, into the borehole after insertion of the cartridge. The packed particulate material keeps the gases created by the cartridge within the borehole once the cartridge has been ignited resulting in high pressure being created within the borehole.
• a drawback of non-detonating explosives is that adequate stemming of the borehole is of utmost importance, failure of which may cause some of the gas to escape thereby reducing the pressure exerted onto the rock and causing the cartridge to be less effective. Furthermore, stemming of boreholes that run at a downward slope may be difficult thus often being very time consuming to achieve. Also, stemming material needs to be transported to the blasting site.
• a self-stemming cartridge is proposed in United States Patent No. 8,342,095.
• One embodiment of the cartridge disclosed in the patent has a sheath which is tapered radially inwardly at one end and which houses a gas generating compound and a cone.
• the patent discloses that the cone is forced in the direction of the taper upon ignition of the gas generating compound and forces the sheath outwardly, thereby stemming the borehole.
• Drawbacks of the disclosed cartridge include the cartridge having a plug at one end which will be ejected from the cartridge prior to stemming, thus causing the stemming operation to stop and the cartridge to be ejected from the borehole without breaking any of the rock.
• the sheath is of a solid construction. This will permit gas to escape about the periphery of the cone when the sheath flexes outwardly after ignition and from the gas pressure within the cartridge. It is thus highly unlikely that the cone will operate to expand the sheath. Also, such flexing will cause the development of empty pockets within the sheath into which the gas can move, thus causing a drop in pressure within the cartridge and resulting in a cessation of combustion of the gas generating compound.
• a further disadvantage of the cartridge disclosed in US 8,342,095 is that the sheath is a solid tube and thus unlikely to expand sufficiently to stem the hole. Also, the detonator cord runs between cone and sheath creating a gap which will permit gas to escape and thus prevent proper working of the cartridge during manufacture and handling. The gap will also permit the propellant to leak out of the cartridge. Furthermore, the detonator must be inserted into the cartridge before it can be filled with propellant. This will create an inherently dangerous situation during assembly as there is a possibility of the detonator igniting the propellant during assembly.
• propellant shall have its widest meaning and include any suitable gas producing material
• igniter shall mean any device capable of causing the propellant to produce gas.
• a cartridge comprising a receptacle for holding a propellant therein and having an open end with a stemming device secured to the open end to form a substantially closed container, the stemming device being operable to result in radial expansion thereof and having a static member secured to the receptacle and a piston movable, at least partially within the container, relative to the static member and the receptacle, and configured such that ignition of the propellant causes movement of the piston to operate the stemming device and cause radial expansion thereof before the receptacle ruptures.
• an igniter to be secured within the stemming device with an operating cord extending therethrough; for the igniter to be preferably located in a socket in the piston; for the stemming device to be shaped to provide a sliding fit within a borehole; and for the receptacle to be cylindrical.
• the receptacle to be made of a plastics material; for the piston to be partly located within the receptacle; for the part of the piston located within the receptacle to provide a sliding fit within the receptacle.
• the static member to be secured over the open end of the receptacle; for the static member to provide a snap fit over the receptacle; for the static member to have a plurality of holes therein for receiving buttons on the receptacle; alternately for the static member to provide a screw fit on the receptacle.
• a nozzle to extend from the piston at the end of the piston that is located within the receptacle; the nozzle being radially inwardly stepped from the end of the piston; and for the nozzle to operatively extend into the propellant held within the receptacle.
• the static member has a tapered bore and at least one longitudinal slit therein to permit radial expansion thereof.
• the static member has a plurality of circumferentially spaced slits, each slit extending substantially the length of the tapered bore.
• the static member of the stemming device has a tubular body with a number of ports therein and an anchor member associated with each port such that movement of the piston causes radially outward displacement of each anchor member; for each anchor member to have a lug which extends centrally from one side of a panel, each lug providing a complementary fit within a port and the panels configured to extend over a part of the outer surface of the body; for the ports to be elongate and extend longitudinally along the body near its free end; for the end of the piston engaging the lugs to be tapered; and for the free end of each lug to have a complementary taper to the piston.
• the invention also provides a piston for a cartridge substantially as defined above, the piston having a cylindrical section providing a sliding fit within a tubular receptacle and a tapered section which is movable within an expansion sleeve to cause radial expansion thereof, with a bore extending substantially axially through the piston and a nozzle extending from the end of the piston locatable within the receptacle.
• Figure 1 illustrates a side elevation of a cartridge according to a first embodiment of the invention
• Figure 2 illustrates a longitudinal section of the cartridge illustrated in
• Figure 3 illustrates a side elevation of the receptacle of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 1 ;
• Figure 4 illustrates a longitudinal section of the receptacle illustrated in Figure 3;
• Figure 5 illustrates a side elevation of an expansion sleeve forming a static member of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 1 ;
• Figure 6 illustrates a longitudinal section of the sleeve illustrated in
• Figure 7 illustrates an end view of the sleeve illustrated in Figures 5 and 6;
• Figure 8 illustrates a plan view of one of the two parts of a first embodiment of a piston
• Figure 9 is a section through the part of Figure 8.
• Figure 10 illustrates an end view of the part illustrated in Figure 8;
• Figure 1 1 illustrates a three-dimensional view of an alternative embodiment of a piston;
• Figure 12 illustrates a longitudinal section of the piston illustrated in
• Figure 13 illustrates a side elevation of a cartridge according to a second embodiment of the invention
• Figure 14 illustrates an exploded three-dimensional view of a cartridge according to a third embodiment of the invention housing the piston of Figures 1 1 and 12;
• Figure 15 illustrates a three-dimensional view of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 14;
• Figure 16 illustrates a three-dimensional view of a cartridge according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 17 illustrates a longitudinal section of the cartridge illustrated in
• Figure 18 illustrates an exploded three-dimensional view of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 16 housing the piston of Figures 1 1 and 12;
• Figure 19 illustrates an end view of a stemming device of the cartridge illustrated in Figures 16 to 18;
• Figure 20 illustrates a longitudinal section of the stemming device of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 19
• Figure 21 illustrates a longitudinal section of a cartridge according to a fifth embodiment of the invention
• Figure 22 illustrates a longitudinal section of a cartridge according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 23 illustrates a longitudinal section of a cartridge according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 24 illustrates a longitudinal section of a cartridge according to an eight embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 25 illustrates a side elevation of a cartridge according to a ninth embodiment of the invention.
• the invention provides a cartridge having an elongate, preferably cylindrical, receptacle which holds a propellant and has an open end with a stemming device secured to the open end to form a substantially closed container.
• the stemming device has a static member, typically a sleeve, which is secured to the receptacle and a piston which is operable to move, at least partially within the container, relative to the static member and the receptacle to result in radial expansion of the stemming device.
• the piston and static member have cooperating bearing surfaces, at least one, preferably both, of which is tapered such that relative movement causes radially outward expansion of either the static member or the piston.
• An igniter is secured within the stemming device, preferably within a socket in the piston, with an operating cord extending therethrough. Ignition of the propellant within the receptacle causes production of gas within the container which in turn causes movement of the piston. This results in operation of the stemming device and radial expansion thereof.
• the receptacle and stemming device are configured to resist rupture until at least partial, preferably complete, operation of the stemming device has been achieved.
• the receptacle and stemming device are made of a rigid plastics material, but any suitable materials can be used. Complete expansion of the stemming device is that permitted by the borehole and compression or deformation of the material of the stemming device.
• the stemming device To achieve proper operation of the stemming device, it is also necessary to prevent the receptacle from disengaging from the stemming device after ignition of the propellant.
• One manner of achieving this is for the stemming device to provide a snap fit over the end of the receptacle through radially outward resilient deformation of the stemming device over a corresponding formation or formations on the receptacle. With the cartridge in position in a borehole, disengagement can be prevented by ensuring a sliding fit of the stemming device in the borehole which prevents outward deformation thereof. It will be appreciated, however, that the stemming device can be secured to the receptacle in any suitable manner, including through a screw or bayonet-type fit.
• Shaping the stemming device to have a sliding fit within a borehole also has the result that minimal radial expansion of the device is required for it to be effective in stemming the borehole. It will be appreciated that the receptacle need not have the same outer dimensions as the stemming device. This has the advantage that one receptacle size can be used with different sized stemming devices, each of which provides a sliding fit within a different sized borehole.
• the two-piece configuration of the cartridge of the invention, the receptacle with stemming device secured thereto, offers numerous advantages. Safety is greatly enhanced as the receptacle can be filled with propellant and transported separately from the igniter and stemming device. These can be fitted on-site so that minimal risk of accidental ignition of the propellant is achieved.
• the same stemming device can be fitted to cartridges containing different amounts of propellant and vice versa; the same cartridge can be secured to different diameter stemming devices intended for use with different borehole diameters.
• multiple cartridge configurations can easily be achieved. This provides for both ease of manufacture and ease of use.
• the two-piece configuration permits different materials to be used for the receptacle and stemming device.
• the receptacle can be made of a plastics material which permits it to undergo relatively large outward deformation before bursting while the stemming device can be made of a harder material which is more resistant to deformation and forms and effective plug within the borehole. Gas can thus be contained within the receptacle, which expands and conforms to the dimensions of the borehole, while the stemming device is being operated by the pressure of the gas.
• a cartridge (10) is shown in Figures 1 and 2 and includes a cylindrical receptacle, in this embodiment a tube (12), filled with a propellant (14).
• a stemming device (16) having a static member (18) and a piston (20) movable relative to the static member is secured to the tube (12).
• the static member (18) is provided by a split expansion sleeve and the piston (20) has a cone at one end.
• the tube (12) and stemming device (16) together define a substantially closed container.
• the tube (12) has a domed closed end (22) and is open at the other end (24).
• the sleeve (18) has a securing end (32) and a free end (34) and has longitudinally extending slits at both ends. More specifically there are four slits (36) in the securing end (32) and three slits (38) which extend approximately half way along the sleeve (18) in the free end (34). The slits (36, 38) in both ends are equally spaced around the sleeve. Of course any suitable number of slits can be provided. For example, there can be a single slit at the securing end and two slits or more than three slits at the free end.
• the sleeve (18) Adjacent its securing end (32) the sleeve (18) has an internal groove (40) the shape of which matches that of the rib (26).
• the section of the sleeve (18) adjacent the free end (34) is formed with circumferentially extending, axially spaced ribs (42) between which there are grooves (44).
• the sleeve (18) has a bore (46) which is cylindrical in shape over a portion of its length and tapering in shape over the remainder.
• the bore (46) decreases in cross- sectional area in the direction away from its cylindrical part from the securing end to the free end.
• the slits (38) extend the full length of the tapering bore of the sleeve and part way along the length of the sleeve which has the cylindrical bore.
• the piston (20), in this embodiment, is formed by two parts (48). Turning now to Figures 8, 9 and 10, the part (48) illustrated constitutes one half of the piston (20).
• the part (48) has a flat surface (50) from which two pins (52) protrude and in which there are two sockets (54).
• a groove (56) extends along the centre line of the surface (50). At the larger end the groove (56) enters a central recess (58) in the surface (50).
• the cartridge is assembled by placing the tube (12) in a jig in an upright position. The propellant (14) is then poured into the tube (12) and tamped down.
• the longitudinal axis of the cone is in the plane of the flat faces of the parts (48) that are in contact.
• the material can be in particulate form or moulded into the form of a sleeve as shown at (60) in Figure 2.
• An igniter (62) is also placed in the socket.
• a foil cover (64) is adhered to the piston (20) to close the cavity.
• An operating cord, in this embodiment a fuse wire (66), attached to the igniter runs along the bore formed by the registering grooves (56).
• a thin layer of adhesive can be applied to the surfaces (50) if desired before they are pressed together.
• the outer surface of one end of the piston is cylindrical and is stepped so as to form a spigot which slides into the tube (12) when the piston is pressed down onto the open end of the tube (12).
• a shoulder at the end of the spigot limits the depth of penetration of the piston into the tube (12).
• the opposite end is conical and forms a complementary fit within the tapering portion of the sleeve (18).
• the securing end (32) of the sleeve (18) is then pushed over the open end (24) of the tube (12) until the rib (26) snaps into the groove (40) which locks the tube (12) to the sleeve (18).
• the cartridge (10) is now fully assembled and ready for use by pushing it, domed end (22) leading, into a drilled borehole in the rock. If the borehole is horizontal then, using a stick of suitable length, the cartridge is pushed as far along the borehole as is required. If the borehole is vertical the cartridge is just dropped in.
• the igniter (62) When the igniter (62) is operated, the material in the socket or chamber ignites, producing a flame and bursting the foil (64) so that a flame reaches the propellant (14). Ignition of the material in the socket raises the pressure sufficiently to exert some force on the piston (20) to start the stemming procedure.
• the propellant (14) ignites, gas is generated which also forces the piston (20) to move relative to the sleeve (18). Movement of the piston (20) within the sleeve (18) causes radial expansion of the sleeve (18) forcing the ribs (42) outwardly into contact with the surface of the borehole.
• the cartridge has been found to be highly effective in breaking rock without the need for any additional stemming material. It thus completely eliminates the need for the time-consuming and costly procedure of using stemming material.
• the stemming device (16) remains attached to the tube (12) during stemming as the sliding fit between the sleeve and borehole prevents sufficient radial expansion for the sleeve (18) to disengage from the rib (26).
• the portion of the sleeve (18) which surrounds the end of the tube (12) provides circumferential reinforcement which assists in preventing radial expansion of the tube in that area and the consequent escape of gas between the piston and tube. It is thus preferable that the sleeve extend over the tube to at least the depth of the piston in the tube, preferably further.
• some form of circumferential reinforcement such as a thickening of the sides wall can be provided to assist in preventing radial expansion of the tube about the piston.
• the cylindrical end of the piston acts to keep the piston aligned within the sleeve during its travel. This helps ensure proper expansion of the stemming device and avoids potential misalignment which may occur with a purely conical piston moving within a tapered bore. Misalignment can result in incomplete stemming and also in gaps being formed between the piston and sleeve which permit gas to escape therethrough. Both of these situations would have an negative effect on the performance of the cartridge.
• the piston (70) can be of one- piece construction and have a cylindrical body (68) with a first end (71 ) and a second end (72).
• a nozzle (74) extends axially from the first end (71 ) and is provided by a radially inwardly stepped projection.
• the second end (72) is inwardly tapered from a radially outwardly stepped shoulder (76).
• a bore (78) extends axially through the piston (70) and is radially enlarged adjacent the first end (71 ) to form a chamber (80). Flame producing material, for example black powder, is placed into the chamber (80) at the first end (71 ) of the piston (70) as described above.
• This piston configuration has been found to be particularly effective.
• the additional flame producing material produces a sustained, high temperature flame.
• Such igniters have been found to produce erratic propellant ignition when used on their own, particularly with relatively large propellant volumes.
• the nozzle appears to assist in creating a flame jet which is highly effective in initiating and maintaining propellant ignition.
• FIG 13 illustrates a second embodiment of a cartridge according to the invention.
• buttons (90) are provided on the surface of the tube (12.1 ).
• Each button has an inclined camming surface and a locking surface which intersects the camming surface.
• the sleeve (18.1 ) has complementary holes (92) for receiving the buttons (90).
• the locking surfaces of the buttons (90) engage the peripheries of the respective holes (92) to prevent the sleeve (18.1 ) from being pulled back off the tube (12.1 ).
• the sleeve (1 8.2) can have holes (92.2) for receiving buttons (90.2) with corresponding slits (96) extending from the end (98) of the sleeve (1 8.2) centrally into each hole (92.2).
• the piston (70) With the piston (70) in position in the open end (24.2) of the tube (1 2.2), the end (98) of the sleeve (1 8.2) is forced over the closed, rounded end (22.2) of the tube (1 2.2) until the buttons (90.2) locate within the respective holes (92.2). No further movement of the sleeve in the direction of the open end of the tube is permitted by this arrangement.
• This configuration has been found to work particularly well as it facilitates assembly of the cartridge and eliminates the potential of the sleeve being separated from the tube during expansion of the stemming device.
• FIGS 16 to 20 illustrate a cartridge according to a further embodiment of the invention.
• a screw thread (100) at the open end of the tube (12.3) cooperates with a complementary thread (102) provided internally of the sleeve (18.3) to secure the sleeve to the tube.
• the sleeve (18.3) has three elongate, longitudinally extending, circumferentially spaced ports (104) at its free end (106) and an anchor member (108) is associated with each port (104).
• Each anchor member (108) has a lug (1 10) which extends centrally from one side of a panel (1 12). On the opposite side, the panels each having axially spaced ribs (42.2) between which there are grooves (44.2).
• Each lug (1 10) provides a complementary, sliding fit within a port (104) with each panel (1 12) providing a complementary fit over part of the outer surface of the sleeve (18.3).
• each lug (1 10) abuts the piston (70.2) and has a taper complementary thereto.
• the piston (70.2) moves towards the sleeve (18.3), causing the tapered end of the piston (70.2) to engage the lugs (1 10) of the anchor members (108). This displaces the anchor members (108) outwardly from the sleeve (18.3) resulting in radial expansion of the stemming device.
• the stemming device may be varied in design to allow for the radial expansion and engagement with the walls of the borehole.
• the sleeve (18) need not have slits to permit expansion, but could have lines of weakness or any other suitable configuration.
• both the static member (18) and piston (20, 70) have tapered or inclined bearing surfaces. It is simply required that radial expansion occurs upon relative movement of the piston (20, 70) and static member (18).
• the piston (120) could have a radiused bearing surface (122) which moves within the tapered cavity (1 24) of the sleeve (126) to cause radial expansion of the sleeve (126).
• the piston (130) can provide a sliding fit over the end of the tube (12) and within the static member (132) which is in turn secured to the tube (12).
• the static member (140) could be secured to a post (142) extending centrally within the tube (12) and integral therewith.
• the static member (140) in this embodiment, has a bearing surface (144) which tapers outwardly from the post (142) and cooperates with a complementary bearing surface (146) on the piston (148), a cylindrical body which slides within the tube (12) over the post (142). Ignition of the propellant causes the piston (148) to move against the static member (140) with a resultant radially outward expansion of the piston (148).
• the piston (200) has one end (202) which is a sliding fit within the tube (12).
• the opposite end (204) has a smaller diameter which is tapered.
• the piston is radially thickened (206) and provided with a course screw thread which cooperates with a complementary thread (208) provided internally of the static member (210) which has a sleeve-like configuration and fits over the tube (12) in a manner analogous to that described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
• the thread (208) runs from about the end of the tube (12) to an inward thickening (212) which provides, at one end (214), a bearing surface complementary to, and abutting, the end (204) of the piston (200).
• the opposite end (216) of the thickened portion (212) is similarly, outwardly tapered from the centre.
• a shaft (218) extends centrally from the end (204) of the piston (200), through a passage (220) in the thickened portion (212).
• the end (222) of the shaft is screw threaded and has a complementarily threaded nut (224) secured thereto.
• the nut (224) has a lug (226) extending from one side which registers in a longitudinally extending groove (not shown) in the end (228) of the static member (210) to prevent rotation thereof.
• the internal end (230) of the nut (224) abuts the end (216) of the thickened portion (212) and is complementarily tapered to provide a conical surface.
• gas produced by the propellant forces the piston (200) towards the static member (210) causing it to rotate through engagement with the screw thread.
• Rotation of the piston (200) also results in rotation of the shaft (218) which is threaded to cause the nut (224) to be drawn inwardly towards the piston (200) and static member (210).
• This also applies an axial force to the opposite end (216) of the thickened portion (212) which results in its radially outward displacement.
• the thickened portion (212) is thus subject to compression between the piston (200) and nut (224) and undergoes rapid and effective radial expansion. To effect radial expansion the thickened portion may be segmented.
• the piston could be made to rotate on a post extending from the tube, similarly to that illustrated in Figure 23, and to drive into the static member with a screwing action to cause radial expansion.
• the receptacle (300) would, in this embodiment, be tubular and open at both ends.
• a removable membrane, or one that can easily be ruptured can be provide over one or both ends to retain the propellant in the tube until the stemming devices have been fitted.
• Such a cartridge finds application in relatively thin structures, such as walls, where the end of the borehole may not provide sufficient resistance to the expanding gas of the propellant for effective blasting to occur.
• any suitable stemming device, or combination of stemming devices, including those described above, can be used in such a cartridge.
• An igniter can be associated with each stemming device if desired, but only one igniter will often be sufficient. In such cases, the stemming device which does not have an igniter or operating cord associated with it will either have no passage or socket for these or will have these plugged.
• the configuration of the stemming device, that of a static member and piston means that it is a simple matter to provide different pistons with the same static member.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-04-03 CA CA2869590A patent/CA2869590A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-04-03 AU AU2013245312A patent/AU2013245312A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-04-03 WO PCT/IB2013/052659 patent/WO2013150462A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-04-03 EP EP13725205.2A patent/EP2834587A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-04-03 US US14/390,676 patent/US20150053106A1/en not_active Abandoned

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