EP2830076B1 - Switching device - Google Patents

Switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2830076B1
EP2830076B1 EP14168463.9A EP14168463A EP2830076B1 EP 2830076 B1 EP2830076 B1 EP 2830076B1 EP 14168463 A EP14168463 A EP 14168463A EP 2830076 B1 EP2830076 B1 EP 2830076B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
housing
switching device
fixed contact
moving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14168463.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2830076A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Neumeier
Christoph Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2830076A1 publication Critical patent/EP2830076A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2830076B1 publication Critical patent/EP2830076B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H01H77/107—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by the blow-off force generating means, e.g. current loops
    • H01H77/108—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by the blow-off force generating means, e.g. current loops comprising magnetisable elements, e.g. flux concentrator, linear slot motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/446—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using magnetisable elements associated with the contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device with a mechanical moving contact and a mechanical fixed contact.
  • a switching device may in particular be a circuit breaker or a residual current circuit breaker.
  • a circuit breaker is called a circuit breaker.
  • a contact point of the moving contact touches a contact point of the fixed contact.
  • an arc switching arc
  • a short residence time of the arc at the contact points is desired.
  • a circuit breaker with a movable contact arm on which a first contact is arranged.
  • the first contact is for closing a circuit with a rigidly arranged second contact by pivoting the movable contact arm in contact brought.
  • the first contact and the second contact are arranged in a housing made of ferromagnetic material.
  • a switching device in which a movable contact and a rigid contact are arranged in a housing made of magnetic material.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a switching device and a method in which the arc is moved away quickly from the contact points.
  • a switching device in particular a circuit breaker or a residual current circuit breaker, with a moving contact and a fixed contact, wherein in the switched-on state of the switching device a contact point of the moving contact touches a contact point of the fixed contact, wherein the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact are surrounded by a housing , and wherein the housing is made of a ferromagnetic material, in particular of steel. It is advantageous that the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact are surrounded by the housing of ferromagnetic material. The housing thus surrounds both the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact.
  • the magnetic field surrounding the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact (which arises due to the electrical current flowing through the fixed contact and the moving contact) is amplified.
  • an amplified magnetic field is present in the region of the contact points, as a result of which the arc burning between the contact points is rapidly moved away from the contact points.
  • the magnetic field in the region of the moving contact and the fixed contact is amplified by the housing, more precisely the magnetic field in the region of the contact points.
  • the switching device can be designed such that the housing is a magnetic circuit for the magnetic field, which arises due to the electrical current flowing through the fixed contact and the moving contact.
  • This magnetic circuit formed of ferromagnetic material concentrates the magnetic field lines and therefore amplifies the magnetic field.
  • the switching device can also be designed such that the housing is arranged inside a switchgear housing (switch housing). Due to the integration of the housing in the interior of the switching device housing, the switching device housing does not need to be changed, so that the exterior of the switching device is unchanged. In particular, the housing may be invisible from outside the switchgear housing.
  • the switching device can be constructed so that the switching device housing consists of an insulating material, in particular of a plastic. This switchgear housing provides protection against touching live parts of the switching device.
  • the housing may have a first opening.
  • the switching device can be configured such that a first electrical conductor passes through the first opening.
  • the first electrical conductor may be electrically connected to the fixed contact.
  • the first opening allows supplying the current to be switched to the fixed contact by means of the first electrical conductor.
  • the switching device can be designed so that the housing has a second opening.
  • the second opening may be arranged opposite to the first opening.
  • the switching device may also be configured such that a second electrical conductor passes through the second opening.
  • the second electrical conductor may be electrically connected to the fixed contact.
  • the switching device can be designed so that the second electrical conductor electrically connects the fixed contact with an arc quenching device, in particular an arc quenching chamber.
  • the second opening allows the arc to be moved away from the contact points.
  • the arc is moved out of the housing.
  • the arc by means of second electrical conductor to be moved to the arc quenching device.
  • the switching device can also be designed such that the housing has at the second opening an oblique section (an oblique housing edge), which is arranged substantially at right angles to the second electrical conductor.
  • the oblique section ensures that a large part of the second electrical conductor is arranged in the region of the amplified magnetic field. As a result, the arc is moved away from the contact points particularly well.
  • the switching device can also be designed so that the housing is a two-part housing.
  • the two-part housing is particularly easy to install in the switching device.
  • the switching device can be formed so that the housing has a housing shell and a lid.
  • the housing shell may have a U-shaped cross section.
  • the lid closes the housing shell, whereby the housing is circumferentially closed around the contact point of the moving contact and around the contact point of the fixed contact.
  • the housing forms an effective magnetic circuit for the magnetic field.
  • the switching device can also be designed so that the housing is spaced from both the fixed contact and the moving contact. As a result, the housing is electrically insulated both from the fixed contact and from the moving contact.
  • the switching device can be designed so that the distance between the housing and the fixed contact between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm. It has been shown that even a distance between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm is a good compromise between the electrical Isolation of the housing from the contacts on the one hand and the amplification of the magnetic field on the other.
  • the switching device can also be designed so that the moving contact is a rotary contact.
  • This method may be configured such that the magnetic field is amplified by the housing acting as a magnetic circuit.
  • the method can also be designed such that the housing is arranged inside a switchgear housing (switch housing).
  • the method may also be configured such that a force is additionally exerted on the moving contact by the amplified magnetic field such that the contact point of the moving contact moves away from the contact point of the fixed contact becomes. This opens the electrical contact faster (opening faster dynamic contact).
  • FIG. 1 is shown in a schematic representation of an embodiment of a switching device 1 in the form of a circuit breaker. Only selected parts of the circuit breaker are shown, some parts of the circuit breaker have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
  • the circuit breaker 1 has a fixed contact 3, which carries a fest.story contact piece 5.
  • a moving contact 8 of the switch 1 carries a bewegMap brieflyes contact piece 10. Shown is the open state of the circuit breaker 1 (switched-off state), in which the contact piece 10 of the moving contact 8 is separated from the contact piece 5 of the fixed contact 3.
  • the contact piece 10 touches the contact piece 5.
  • the contact piece 5 and the contact piece 10 thus each form a contact point at which the moving contact touches the fixed contact; the electric current flows through these contact points.
  • the contact piece 5 forms the contact point of the fixed contact 3
  • the contact piece 10 forms the contact point of the moving contact 8).
  • the moving contact 8 is rotatably mounted about a pivot point 13, it is at the moving contact 8 to a rotary contact.
  • a recess 16 of the moving contact 8 is mechanically connected to a switching mechanism of the switch 1, not shown. This allows manual actuation of the moving contact by means of an actuating lever (not shown).
  • Such switching locks are known from the prior art.
  • the fixed contact 3 is electrically connected by means of a first electrical conductor 20 to a first end of a turn of a coil 22.
  • a second end of the winding of the coil 22 is electrically connected to an electrical terminal 25 of the circuit breaker.
  • the coil 22 is part of a magnetic release, which in an overcurrent by means of a (not shown) plunger moves the moving contact 8 counterclockwise and thus opens the electrical contact between moving contact and fixed contact.
  • the fixed contact 3 is electrically connected by means of a second electrical conductor 28 with a quenching device 30.
  • the second electrical conductor 28 is formed as a baffle 28, which can guide one end of the arc from the contact piece 5 to the extinguishing device 30.
  • a second terminal of the extinguishing device 30 is formed as a guide rail 32. This guide rail 32nd forms a kink 35 in the vicinity of the contact piece 10 of the moving contact 8 and then continues to a bimetal 38th
  • the bimetal beam 38 carries a first end of a bimetallic strip 40.
  • the other end of the bimetallic strip 40 is in electrical contact with one end of a strand 42.
  • This strand 42 is electrically connected to the moving contact 8.
  • the bimetal beam 38 is electrically connected by means of another strand 45 with a second terminal 48 of the circuit breaker.
  • the bimetal strip acts in a known manner as an over-temperature protection and interrupts the occurrence of excessively high temperatures, the flow of current.
  • switch housing 52 The said parts of the circuit breaker are arranged in a switch housing 52 (switchgear housing 52).
  • This switch housing 52 is shown only schematically by means of a dashed line.
  • the switch housing 52 is made of an insulating material, for example of a plastic, and serves in a known manner to protect against the contact of live parts.
  • the contact piece 5 of the fixed contact 3 and the contact piece 10 of the moving contact 8 are surrounded by a housing 55 (contact housing 55 or contact piece housing 55). From this case 55 is in the FIG. 1 only a housing shell 55a shown. The cover 55b closing the housing shell 55a (cf. Fig. 4 ) was omitted. As a result, the two contact pieces 5 and 10 are visible.
  • the housing 55 is made of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the housing consists of steel, so it represents a Stahlumhausung to the contact points 5 and 10.
  • the housing 55 is disposed in the interior of the switch housing 52.
  • the housing 55 has a first opening 60, through this first opening 60, the first electrical conductor 20 and the moving contact 8 extends into the interior of the housing 55. Furthermore, the housing 55 has a second opening 62. This second opening 62 faces the first opening 60. Through the second opening 62, the second electrical conductor 28 extends into the interior of the housing 55. In addition, the second opening 62 allows the arc to move out of the contact pieces 5 and 10 via the guide plate 28 and the guide rail 32, respectively the extinguisher 30. In other words, goes through the first opening 60 of the first electrical conductor 20 therethrough. Through the second opening 62, the second electrical conductor 28 passes.
  • the housing 55 has an inclined portion 58 (oblique housing edge 58). This oblique section 58 extends essentially at right angles to the second electrical conductor 28. As a result, a large part of the second conductor 28 is arranged in the region of the amplified magnetic field.
  • the housing 55 is spaced apart both from the fixed contact 3 and from the moving contact 8.
  • the distance between the housing and the fixed contact is generally between 0.5 mm and 5 mm. A distance between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm has proved particularly advantageous. At such a distance, on the one hand already has a good electrical insulation between the housing 55 and the contacts 3, 8. On the other hand, the magnetic field is already sufficiently reinforced.
  • the housing 55 surrounds the fixed contact 3 and the moving contact 8 directly.
  • the space between the housing 55 and the fixed contact 3 and the gap between the housing 55 and the moving contact 8 are filled with a gas, in particular with air.
  • the moving contact 8 and the fixed contact 3 are therefore for example air-insulated contacts.
  • the housing 55 surrounds the contact point 5 of the fixed contact 3 and the contact point 10 of the moving contact 8 sleeve-shaped.
  • the housing 55 may also be referred to as a housing. It is a common housing 55 (for the contacts 3, 8), which is designed as a box-shaped housing or as a metal box.
  • the case 55 amplifies the magnetic field in the area of the fixed contact 3 and the moving contact 8.
  • the increased magnetic field the arc is quickly moved away from the contact pieces 5 and 10 and migrates to the extinguishing device 30.
  • the other end of the arc moves from the contact piece 10 to the bend 35 of the guide rail 32nd and then moves to the other end of the extinguishing device 30.
  • the other end of the arc commutes from the contact piece 10 into the bend 35 of the guide rail 32.
  • the arc is extinguished in a manner known per se.
  • the extinguishing device 30 is configured in the exemplary embodiment as a so-called quenching chamber (also called the deionization chamber or deionization chamber).
  • This quenching chamber has a plurality of electrically insulated metal plates. The arc is divided between the metal plates into individual arcs. Due to the voltage division taking place these arcs go out quickly. In addition, the good thermal conductivity of the metal plate heat is removed from the arc, which speeds up the extinction.
  • FIG. 2 is the circuit breaker the FIG. 1 illustrated, wherein the housing shell 55a is closed with the housing cover 55b. Therefore, the shows FIG. 2 the complete housing 55, so that the contact pieces 5 and 10, a part of the moving contact 8 and the fixed contact 3 are arranged in the interior of the housing 55 and thus are not visible.
  • the housing shell 55a and the housing cover 55b are individually in the FIGS. 6 and 7 shown.
  • FIG. 3 is a part of the FIG. 1 shown enlarged.
  • the electric current 300 is shown with a dashed line, which flows via the first electrical conductor 20 and the fixed contact 3 to the contact piece 5.
  • a switching arc 302. As long as this arc 302 burns, the electric current 300 flows from the contact piece 5 to the contact piece 10 and further via the moving contact 8 to the strand 42nd As in FIG. 3 can be clearly seen, the flowing stream 300 has a U-shaped current flow.
  • the field lines 303 extend in the space between the moving contact 8 and the fixed contact 3 in one direction and are closed on the opposite side of the fixed contact 3 and the Bewegmass 8 through the housing 55 in the opposite direction.
  • the housing 55 thus represents a magnetic circuit for the magnetic field and, because of its ferromagnetic properties, ensures that the magnetic field in the region of the contact pieces 5 and 10 is amplified. Due to the U-shaped current flow resulting magnetic forces, which repel. As a result, the moving contact 8 is pushed away from the fixed contact 3.
  • the amplification of the magnetic field is based on the property known as such that ferromagnetic material has a high relative permeability ⁇ r.
  • the amplified magnetic field B has the consequence that the moving contact 8 is rotated counterclockwise about the pivot point 13, whereby the contact piece 10 moves away from the contact piece 5 quickly.
  • the magnetic field-amplifying housing 55 so the electrical contact is opened faster than he would be opened without the housing 55. This is a significant beneficial effect of the housing 55.
  • the amplified magnetic field rapidly moves the arc 302 in the direction of the extinguishing device 30 (in the illustration of FIGS FIG. 3 So down) and thus away from the contact pieces 5 and 10.
  • the residence time of the arc 302 is reduced at the contact pieces 5 and 10 and thus reduces the erosion of the contact pieces.
  • FIG. 4 is the arrangement of FIG. 1 shown in a view from above. It is good to see that you can see through the first opening 60 from above into the interior of the housing 55.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged section of FIG. 4 shown.
  • the magnetic field lines 303 (cf. Fig. 3 ) are closed, wherein the closed magnetic circuit is realized on three sides by the housing 55.
  • the housing 55 has the housing shell 55a and the housing cover 55b.
  • the housing shell 55a and the housing cover 55b are each shown individually.
  • the housing 55 is a two-part housing, which consists of the housing shell 55 a and the housing cover 55 b and this has.
  • the resulting magnetic field in the contact area is amplified by the housing. Due to the amplified magnetic field, the switching arc is moved away from the contact point 5 and 10 until it commutates from the moving contact to the guide rail faster than would be the case without the amplification of the magnetic field. Thus, the magnetic field which is present at the contact points is purposefully reinforced in order to drive away the arc from the contact points. The amplified magnetic field also exerts a greater force on the moving contact 8, resulting in a faster dynamic contact opening.
  • a switching device and a method have been described in which the magnetic field surrounding the contact points is amplified by means of a housing. This will be the switching arc moved away from the contact points faster and it is achieved a faster dynamic contact opening.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät mit einem mechanischen Bewegkontakt und einem mechanischen Festkontakt. Ein derartiges Schaltgerät kann insbesondere ein Leistungsschalter oder ein Fehlerstromschutzschalter sein. Als Beispiel für einen Leistungsschalter sei ein Leitungsschutzschalter genannt. Im eingeschalteten Zustand des Schaltgerätes berührt eine Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakt eine Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts. Beim Ausschalten des Schaltgerätes wird die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts von der Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts getrennt, dabei kann ein Lichtbogen (Schaltlichtbogen) zwischen der Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und der Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts gezündet werden. Um den Kontaktabbrand durch den Lichtbogen möglichst gering zu halten, wird eine kurze Verweilzeit des Lichtbogens an den Kontaktstellen angestrebt.The invention relates to a switching device with a mechanical moving contact and a mechanical fixed contact. Such a switching device may in particular be a circuit breaker or a residual current circuit breaker. As an example of a circuit breaker is called a circuit breaker. In the switched-on state of the switching device, a contact point of the moving contact touches a contact point of the fixed contact. When switching off the switching device, the contact point of the moving contact is disconnected from the contact point of the fixed contact, while an arc (switching arc) can be ignited between the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact. In order to keep the contact erosion by the arc as low as possible, a short residence time of the arc at the contact points is desired.

Aus der EP 1 542 254 A2 ist ein Leistungsschalter mit einem bewegbaren Kontaktarm bekannt, an dem ein erster Kontakt angeordnet ist. Der erste Kontakt ist zum Schließen eines Stromkreises mit einem starr angeordneten zweiten Kontakt durch Verschwenken des bewegbaren Kontaktarms in Kontakt bringbar. Der erste Kontakt und der zweite Kontakt sind in einem Gehäuse aus ferromagnetischem Material angeordnet.From the EP 1 542 254 A2 a circuit breaker with a movable contact arm is known, on which a first contact is arranged. The first contact is for closing a circuit with a rigidly arranged second contact by pivoting the movable contact arm in contact brought. The first contact and the second contact are arranged in a housing made of ferromagnetic material.

Aus der US 5 319 167 A ist ein Schaltgerät bekannt, bei dem ein bewegbarer Kontakt und ein starrer Kontakt in einem Gehäuse aus magnetischem Material angeordnet sind.From the US 5,319,167 A a switching device is known in which a movable contact and a rigid contact are arranged in a housing made of magnetic material.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Schaltgerät und ein Verfahren anzugeben, bei denen der Lichtbogen schnell von den Kontaktstellen wegbewegt wird.The invention has for its object to provide a switching device and a method in which the arc is moved away quickly from the contact points.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Schaltgerät und durch ein Verfahren nach den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Schaltgerätes und des Verfahrens sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a switching device and by a method according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the switching device and the method are specified in the dependent claims.

Offenbart wird ein Schaltgerät, insbesondere ein Leistungsschalter oder ein Fehlerstromschutzschalter, mit einem Bewegkontakt und einem Festkontakt, wobei im eingeschalteten Zustand des Schaltgeräts eine Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts eine Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts berührt, wobei die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und die Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts von einem Gehäuse umgeben sind, und wobei das Gehäuse aus einem ferromagnetischen Material besteht, insbesondere aus Stahl. Hierbei ist vorteilhaft, dass die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und die Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts von dem Gehäuse aus ferromagnetischem Material umgeben sind. Das Gehäuse umgibt also sowohl die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts als auch die Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts. Durch das Gehäuse wird das die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und die Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts umgebende Magnetfeld (welches aufgrund des durch den Festkontakt und den Bewegkontakt fließenden elektrischen Stroms entsteht) verstärkt. Dadurch liegt im Bereich der Kontaktstellen ein verstärktes Magnetfeld vor, wodurch der zwischen den Kontaktstellen brennende Lichtbogen von den Kontaktstellen schnell wegbewegt wird. Mit anderen Worten wird durch das Gehäuse das Magnetfeld im Bereich des Bewegkontakts und des Festkontakts verstärkt, genauer gesagt das Magnetfeld im Bereich der Kontaktstellen.Disclosed is a switching device, in particular a circuit breaker or a residual current circuit breaker, with a moving contact and a fixed contact, wherein in the switched-on state of the switching device a contact point of the moving contact touches a contact point of the fixed contact, wherein the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact are surrounded by a housing , and wherein the housing is made of a ferromagnetic material, in particular of steel. It is advantageous that the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact are surrounded by the housing of ferromagnetic material. The housing thus surrounds both the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact. Through the housing, the magnetic field surrounding the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact (which arises due to the electrical current flowing through the fixed contact and the moving contact) is amplified. As a result, an amplified magnetic field is present in the region of the contact points, as a result of which the arc burning between the contact points is rapidly moved away from the contact points. In other words, the magnetic field in the region of the moving contact and the fixed contact is amplified by the housing, more precisely the magnetic field in the region of the contact points.

Das Schaltgerät kann so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Gehäuse ein magnetischer Kreis für das Magnetfeld ist, welches aufgrund des durch den Festkontakt und den Bewegkontakt fließenden elektrischen Stroms entsteht. Dieser aus ferromagnetischem Material gebildete magnetische Kreis konzentriert die Magnetfeldlinien und verstärkt daher das Magnetfeld.The switching device can be designed such that the housing is a magnetic circuit for the magnetic field, which arises due to the electrical current flowing through the fixed contact and the moving contact. This magnetic circuit formed of ferromagnetic material concentrates the magnetic field lines and therefore amplifies the magnetic field.

Das Schaltgerät kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Gehäuse im Inneren eines Schaltgerätegehäuses (Schaltergehäuses) angeordnet ist. Durch die Integration des Gehäuses in das Innere des Schaltgerätegehäuses braucht das Schaltgerätegehäuse nicht verändert zu werden, so dass das Äußere des Schaltgerätes unverändert ist. Insbesondere kann das Gehäuse von außerhalb des Schaltgerätegehäuses unsichtbar sein.The switching device can also be designed such that the housing is arranged inside a switchgear housing (switch housing). Due to the integration of the housing in the interior of the switching device housing, the switching device housing does not need to be changed, so that the exterior of the switching device is unchanged. In particular, the housing may be invisible from outside the switchgear housing.

Das Schaltgerät kann dabei so aufgebaut sein, dass das Schaltgerätegehäuse aus einem Isolierstoff, insbesondere aus einem Kunststoff, besteht. Dieses Schaltgerätegehäuse schafft einen Schutz vor dem Berühren spannungsführender Teile des Schaltgeräts.The switching device can be constructed so that the switching device housing consists of an insulating material, in particular of a plastic. This switchgear housing provides protection against touching live parts of the switching device.

Bei dem Schaltgerät kann das Gehäuse eine erste Öffnung aufweisen.In the switching device, the housing may have a first opening.

Weiterhin kann das Schaltgerät so ausgestaltet sein, dass ein erster elektrischer Leiter durch die erste Öffnung hindurchtritt.Furthermore, the switching device can be configured such that a first electrical conductor passes through the first opening.

Bei dem Schaltgerät kann der erste elektrische Leiter elektrisch mit dem Festkontakt verbunden sein.In the switching device, the first electrical conductor may be electrically connected to the fixed contact.

Bei den vorstehend beschriebenen Varianten des Schaltgerätes ermöglicht die erste Öffnung ein Zuführen des zu schaltenden Stroms zu dem Festkontakt mittels des ersten elektrischen Leiters.In the variants of the switching device described above, the first opening allows supplying the current to be switched to the fixed contact by means of the first electrical conductor.

Weiterhin kann das Schaltgerät so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Gehäuse eine zweite Öffnung aufweist.Furthermore, the switching device can be designed so that the housing has a second opening.

Dabei kann die zweite Öffnung gegenüberliegend zu der ersten Öffnung angeordnet sein.In this case, the second opening may be arranged opposite to the first opening.

Das Schaltgerät kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass ein zweiter elektrischer Leiter durch die zweite Öffnung hindurchtritt.The switching device may also be configured such that a second electrical conductor passes through the second opening.

Bei dem Schaltgerät kann der zweite elektrische Leiter elektrisch mit dem Festkontakt verbunden sein.In the switching device, the second electrical conductor may be electrically connected to the fixed contact.

Weiterhin kann das Schaltgerät so ausgestaltet sein, dass der zweite elektrische Leiter den Festkontakt elektrisch mit einer Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung, insbesondere einer Lichtbogenlöschkammer, verbindet.Furthermore, the switching device can be designed so that the second electrical conductor electrically connects the fixed contact with an arc quenching device, in particular an arc quenching chamber.

Bei den zuletzt genannten Varianten des Schaltgerätes ermöglicht die zweite Öffnung ein Wegbewegen des Lichtbogens von den Kontaktstellen. Dabei wird der Lichtbogen aus dem Gehäuse heraus bewegt. Insbesondere kann der Lichtbogen mittels des zweiten elektrischen Leiters zu der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung bewegt werden.In the last-mentioned variants of the switching device, the second opening allows the arc to be moved away from the contact points. The arc is moved out of the housing. In particular, the arc by means of second electrical conductor to be moved to the arc quenching device.

Das Schaltgerät kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Gehäuse an der zweiten Öffnung einen schrägen Abschnitt (eine schräge Gehäusekante) aufweist, der im Wesentlichen rechtwinklig zu dem zweiten elektrischen Leiter angeordnet ist. Durch den schrägen Abschnitt wird erreicht, dass ein großer Teil des zweiten elektrischen Leiters im Bereich des verstärkten Magnetfelds angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird der Lichtbogen besonders gut von den Kontaktstellen wegbewegt.The switching device can also be designed such that the housing has at the second opening an oblique section (an oblique housing edge), which is arranged substantially at right angles to the second electrical conductor. The oblique section ensures that a large part of the second electrical conductor is arranged in the region of the amplified magnetic field. As a result, the arc is moved away from the contact points particularly well.

Das Schaltgerät kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Gehäuse ein zweiteiliges Gehäuse ist. Das zweiteilig ausgebildete Gehäuse lässt sich besonders einfach in dem Schaltgerät montieren.The switching device can also be designed so that the housing is a two-part housing. The two-part housing is particularly easy to install in the switching device.

Dabei kann das Schaltgerät so ausbildet sein, dass das Gehäuse eine Gehäuseschale und einen Deckel aufweist. Insbesondere kann die Gehäuseschale einen U-förmigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Der Deckel verschließt die Gehäuseschale, wodurch das Gehäuse um die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und um die Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts herum umlaufend geschlossen ist. Damit bildet das Gehäuse einen wirksamen magnetischen Kreis für das Magnetfeld.In this case, the switching device can be formed so that the housing has a housing shell and a lid. In particular, the housing shell may have a U-shaped cross section. The lid closes the housing shell, whereby the housing is circumferentially closed around the contact point of the moving contact and around the contact point of the fixed contact. Thus, the housing forms an effective magnetic circuit for the magnetic field.

Das Schaltgerät kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Gehäuse sowohl von dem Festkontakt als auch von dem Bewegkontakt beabstandet ist. Dadurch ist das Gehäuse sowohl von dem Festkontakt als auch von dem Bewegkontakt elektrisch isoliert.The switching device can also be designed so that the housing is spaced from both the fixed contact and the moving contact. As a result, the housing is electrically insulated both from the fixed contact and from the moving contact.

Das Schaltgerät kann so ausgebildet sein, dass der Abstand zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem Festkontakt zwischen 0,5 mm und 5 mm, insbesondere zwischen 1,5 mm und 2,5 mm, beträgt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass schon ein Abstand zwischen 1,5 mm und 2,5 mm einen guten Kompromiss darstellt zwischen der elektrischen Isolation des Gehäuses von den Kontakten einerseits und der Verstärkung des Magnetfeldes andererseits.The switching device can be designed so that the distance between the housing and the fixed contact between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm. It has been shown that even a distance between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm is a good compromise between the electrical Isolation of the housing from the contacts on the one hand and the amplification of the magnetic field on the other.

Das Schaltgerät kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass der Bewegkontakt ein Drehkontakt ist.The switching device can also be designed so that the moving contact is a rotary contact.

Offenbart wird weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Bewegen eines Lichtbogens bei einem Schaltgerät, insbesondere bei einem Leistungsschalter oder einem Fehlerstromschutzschalter, mit einem Bewegkontakt und einem Festkontakt, wobei im eingeschalteten Zustand des Schaltgeräts eine Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts eine Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts berührt, wobei bei dem Verfahren

  • mittels eines durch den Bewegkontakt und den Festkontakt fließenden elektrischen Stroms ein Magnetfeld erzeugt wird,
  • dieses Magnetfeld durch ein Gehäuse verstärkt wird, wobei das Gehäuse die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und die Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts umgibt und wobei das Gehäuse aus einem ferromagnetischen Material, insbesondere aus Stahl, besteht, und
  • durch das verstärkte Magnetfeld ein Lichtbogen, der zwischen der Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und der Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts gezündet worden ist, von der Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts und der Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts weg bewegt wird.
Disclosed is still a method for moving an arc in a switching device, in particular in a circuit breaker or a residual current circuit breaker, with a moving contact and a fixed contact, wherein in the switched-on state of the switching device, a contact point of the moving contact touches a contact point of the fixed contact, wherein the method
  • a magnetic field is generated by means of an electrical current flowing through the moving contact and the fixed contact,
  • this magnetic field is amplified by a housing, wherein the housing surrounds the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact and wherein the housing consists of a ferromagnetic material, in particular of steel, and
  • by the amplified magnetic field, an arc that has been ignited between the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact, is moved away from the contact point of the moving contact and the contact point of the fixed contact.

Dieses Verfahren kann so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Magnetfeld durch das als ein magnetischer Kreis wirkende Gehäuse verstärkt wird.This method may be configured such that the magnetic field is amplified by the housing acting as a magnetic circuit.

Das Verfahren kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Gehäuse im Inneren eines Schaltgerätegehäuses (Schaltergehäuses) angeordnet ist.The method can also be designed such that the housing is arranged inside a switchgear housing (switch housing).

Das Verfahren kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass durch das verstärkte Magnetfeld zusätzlich eine Kraft auf den Bewegkontakt ausgeübt wird derart, dass die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts von der Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts weg bewegt wird. Dadurch wird der elektrische Kontakt schneller geöffnet (schnelleres dynamisches Kontaktöffnen).The method may also be configured such that a force is additionally exerted on the moving contact by the amplified magnetic field such that the contact point of the moving contact moves away from the contact point of the fixed contact becomes. This opens the electrical contact faster (opening faster dynamic contact).

Die genannten Varianten des Verfahrens weisen gleichartige Vorteile auf, wie sie oben für das Schaltgerät angegeben sind.The mentioned variants of the method have similar advantages, as indicated above for the switching device.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Dazu ist in

Figur 1
in einer schematischen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schaltgerätes mit einem geöffneten Gehäuse in Seitenansicht, in
Figur 2
die Seitenansicht der Figur 1, wobei das Gehäuse mit einem Deckel verschlossen ist, in
Figur 3
ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus Figur 1, in
Figur 4
das Schaltgerät der Figur 2 in einer Ansicht von oben, in
Figur 5
ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus der Figur 4, in
Figur 6
in einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung die Gehäuseschale des Gehäuses und in
Figur 7
in einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung der Deckel des Gehäuses
dargestellt.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. This is in
FIG. 1
in a schematic representation of an embodiment of a switching device with an open housing in side view, in
FIG. 2
the side view of FIG. 1 , wherein the housing is closed with a lid, in
FIG. 3
an enlarged section FIG. 1 , in
FIG. 4
the switching device of FIG. 2 in a view from above, in
FIG. 5
an enlarged section of the FIG. 4 , in
FIG. 6
in a three-dimensional representation of the housing shell of the housing and in
FIG. 7
in a three-dimensional representation of the lid of the housing
shown.

In Figur 1 ist in einer schematischen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schaltgeräts 1 in Form eines Leitungsschutzschalters dargestellt. Dabei sind nur ausgewählte Teile des Leitungsschutzschalters dargestellt, einige Teile des Leitungsschutzschalters wurden der besseren Übersichtlichkeit wegen weggelassen.In FIG. 1 is shown in a schematic representation of an embodiment of a switching device 1 in the form of a circuit breaker. Only selected parts of the circuit breaker are shown, some parts of the circuit breaker have been omitted for the sake of clarity.

Der Leitungsschutzschalter 1 weist einen Festkontakt 3 auf, welcher ein festkontaktseitiges Kontaktstück 5 trägt. Ein Bewegkontakt 8 des Schalters 1 trägt ein bewegkontaktseitiges Kontaktstück 10. Dargestellt ist der geöffnete Zustand des Leitungsschutzschalters 1 (ausgeschalteter Zustand), bei dem das Kontaktstück 10 des Bewegkontakts 8 von dem Kontaktstück 5 des Festkontakts 3 getrennt ist. Im geschlossenen Zustand (eingeschalteten Zustand) des Schalters 1 berührt das Kontaktstück 10 das Kontaktstück 5. Das Kontaktstück 5 und das Kontaktstück 10 bilden also jeweils eine Kontaktstelle, an der der Bewegkontakt den Festkontakt berührt; der elektrische Strom fließt durch diese Kontaktstellen hindurch. (Das Kontaktstück 5 bildet die Kontaktstelle des Festkontakts 3; das Kontaktstück 10 bildet die Kontaktstelle des Bewegkontakts 8) .The circuit breaker 1 has a fixed contact 3, which carries a festkontaktseitig contact piece 5. A moving contact 8 of the switch 1 carries a bewegkontaktseitiges contact piece 10. Shown is the open state of the circuit breaker 1 (switched-off state), in which the contact piece 10 of the moving contact 8 is separated from the contact piece 5 of the fixed contact 3. In the closed state (on state) of the switch 1, the contact piece 10 touches the contact piece 5. The contact piece 5 and the contact piece 10 thus each form a contact point at which the moving contact touches the fixed contact; the electric current flows through these contact points. (The contact piece 5 forms the contact point of the fixed contact 3, the contact piece 10 forms the contact point of the moving contact 8).

Der Bewegkontakt 8 ist um einen Drehpunkt 13 drehbar gelagert, es handelt sich bei dem Bewegkontakt 8 um einen Drehkontakt. Eine Ausnehmung 16 des Bewegkontakts 8 ist mit einem nicht dargestellten Schaltschloss des Schalters 1 mechanisch verbunden. Dadurch wird ein manuelles Betätigen des Bewegkontakts mittels eines (nicht dargestellten) Betätigungshebels ermöglicht. Derartige Schaltschlösser sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt.The moving contact 8 is rotatably mounted about a pivot point 13, it is at the moving contact 8 to a rotary contact. A recess 16 of the moving contact 8 is mechanically connected to a switching mechanism of the switch 1, not shown. This allows manual actuation of the moving contact by means of an actuating lever (not shown). Such switching locks are known from the prior art.

Der Festkontakt 3 ist mittels eines ersten elektrischen Leiters 20 mit einem ersten Ende einer Windung einer Spule 22 elektrisch verbunden. Ein zweites Ende der Windung der Spule 22 ist mit einem elektrischen Anschluss 25 des Leitungsschutzschalters elektrisch verbunden. Die Spule 22 ist Teil eines magnetischen Auslösers, welcher bei einem Überstrom mittels eines (nicht dargestellten) Stößels den Bewegkontakt 8 entgegengesetzt dem Uhrzeigersinn bewegt und damit den elektrischen Kontakt zwischen Bewegkontakt und Festkontakt öffnet.The fixed contact 3 is electrically connected by means of a first electrical conductor 20 to a first end of a turn of a coil 22. A second end of the winding of the coil 22 is electrically connected to an electrical terminal 25 of the circuit breaker. The coil 22 is part of a magnetic release, which in an overcurrent by means of a (not shown) plunger moves the moving contact 8 counterclockwise and thus opens the electrical contact between moving contact and fixed contact.

Weiterhin ist der Festkontakt 3 mittels eines zweiten elektrischen Leiters 28 mit einer Löscheinrichtung 30 elektrisch verbunden. Der zweite elektrische Leiter 28 ist als ein Leitblech 28 ausgebildet, welches ein Ende des Lichtbogens von dem Kontaktstück 5 zu der Löscheinrichtung 30 leiten kann. Ein zweiter Anschluss der Löscheinrichtung 30 ist als eine Leitschiene 32 ausgebildet. Diese Leitschiene 32 bildet einen Knick 35 in der Nähe des Kontaktstücks 10 des Bewegkontakts 8 und verläuft danach weiter zu einem Bimetallträger 38.Furthermore, the fixed contact 3 is electrically connected by means of a second electrical conductor 28 with a quenching device 30. The second electrical conductor 28 is formed as a baffle 28, which can guide one end of the arc from the contact piece 5 to the extinguishing device 30. A second terminal of the extinguishing device 30 is formed as a guide rail 32. This guide rail 32nd forms a kink 35 in the vicinity of the contact piece 10 of the moving contact 8 and then continues to a bimetal 38th

Der Bimetallträger 38 trägt ein erstes Ende eines Bimetall-Streifens 40. Das andere Ende des Bimetall-Streifens 40 steht in elektrischem Kontakt mit einem Ende einer Litze 42. Diese Litze 42 ist elektrisch mit dem Bewegkontakt 8 verbunden. Der Bimetallträger 38 ist mittels einer weiteren Litze 45 mit einem zweiten Anschluss 48 des Leitungsschutzschalters elektrisch verbunden. Der Bimetallstreifen wirkt in bekannter Weise als ein Übertemperatur-Schutz und unterbricht bei Auftreten von zu hohen Temperaturen den Stromfluss.The bimetal beam 38 carries a first end of a bimetallic strip 40. The other end of the bimetallic strip 40 is in electrical contact with one end of a strand 42. This strand 42 is electrically connected to the moving contact 8. The bimetal beam 38 is electrically connected by means of another strand 45 with a second terminal 48 of the circuit breaker. The bimetal strip acts in a known manner as an over-temperature protection and interrupts the occurrence of excessively high temperatures, the flow of current.

Die genannten Teile des Leitungsschutzschalters sind in einem Schaltergehäuse 52 (Schaltgerätegehäuse 52) angeordnet. Dieses Schaltergehäuse 52 ist lediglich schematisch mittels einer Strichlinie dargestellt. Das Schaltergehäuse 52 besteht aus einem Isolierstoff, beispielsweise aus einem Kunststoff, und dient in bekannter Weise dem Schutz vor der Berührung spannungsführender Teile.The said parts of the circuit breaker are arranged in a switch housing 52 (switchgear housing 52). This switch housing 52 is shown only schematically by means of a dashed line. The switch housing 52 is made of an insulating material, for example of a plastic, and serves in a known manner to protect against the contact of live parts.

Im eingeschalteten Zustand des Leitungsschutzschalters 1 fließt der elektrische Strom von dem ersten Anschluss 25 über die Spule 22, den ersten elektrischen Leiter 20, den Festkontakt 3, das Kontaktstück 5, das Kontaktstück 10, den Bewegkontakt 8, die Litze 42, den Bimetallstreifen 40 und die Litze 45 zu dem zweiten Anschluss 48.In the switched-on state of the circuit breaker 1, the electric current from the first terminal 25 via the coil 22, the first electrical conductor 20, the fixed contact 3, the contact piece 5, the contact piece 10, the moving contact 8, the strand 42, the bimetallic strip 40 and flows the strand 45 to the second port 48.

Das Kontaktstück 5 des Festkontakts 3 und das Kontaktstück 10 des Bewegkontakts 8 sind von einem Gehäuse 55 (Kontaktgehäuse 55 bzw. Kontaktstückgehäuse 55) umgeben. Von diesem Gehäuse 55 ist in der Figur 1 lediglich eine Gehäuseschale 55a dargestellt. Der die Gehäuseschale 55a verschließende Deckel 55b (vgl. Fig. 4) wurde weggelassen. Dadurch sind die beiden Kontaktstücke 5 und 10 sichtbar.The contact piece 5 of the fixed contact 3 and the contact piece 10 of the moving contact 8 are surrounded by a housing 55 (contact housing 55 or contact piece housing 55). From this case 55 is in the FIG. 1 only a housing shell 55a shown. The cover 55b closing the housing shell 55a (cf. Fig. 4 ) was omitted. As a result, the two contact pieces 5 and 10 are visible.

Das Gehäuse 55 besteht aus einem ferromagnetischen Material. Im Ausführungsbeispiel besteht das Gehäuse aus Stahl, es stellt also eine Stahlumhausung um die Kontaktstellen 5 und 10 dar. Das Gehäuse 55 ist im Inneren des Schaltergehäuses 52 angeordnet.The housing 55 is made of a ferromagnetic material. In the exemplary embodiment, the housing consists of steel, so it represents a Stahlumhausung to the contact points 5 and 10. The housing 55 is disposed in the interior of the switch housing 52.

Das Gehäuse 55 weist eine erste Öffnung 60 auf, durch diese erste Öffnung 60 verläuft der erste elektrische Leiter 20 sowie der Bewegkontakt 8 ins Innere/in den Innenraum des Gehäuses 55. Weiterhin weist das Gehäuse 55 eine zweite Öffnung 62 auf. Diese zweite Öffnung 62 liegt der ersten Öffnung 60 gegenüber. Durch die zweite Öffnung 62 hindurch verläuft der zweite elektrische Leiter 28 ins Innere des Gehäuses 55. Außerdem erlaubt die zweite Öffnung 62 das Herauswandern (Bewegen bzw. Herausbewegen) des Lichtbogens von den Kontaktstücken 5 und 10 über das Leitblech 28 bzw. die Leitschiene 32 zu der Löscheinrichtung 30. Mit anderen Worten gesagt, tritt durch
die erste Öffnung 60 der erste elektrische Leiter 20 hindurch. Durch die zweite Öffnung 62 tritt der zweite elektrische Leiter 28 hindurch.The housing 55 has a first opening 60, through this first opening 60, the first electrical conductor 20 and the moving contact 8 extends into the interior of the housing 55. Furthermore, the housing 55 has a second opening 62. This second opening 62 faces the first opening 60. Through the second opening 62, the second electrical conductor 28 extends into the interior of the housing 55. In addition, the second opening 62 allows the arc to move out of the contact pieces 5 and 10 via the guide plate 28 and the guide rail 32, respectively the extinguisher 30. In other words, goes through
the first opening 60 of the first electrical conductor 20 therethrough. Through the second opening 62, the second electrical conductor 28 passes.

Das Gehäuse 55 weist einen schrägen Abschnitt 58 auf (schräge Gehäusekante 58). Dieser schräge Abschnitt 58 verläuft im Wesentlichen rechtwinklig zu dem zweiten elektrischen Leiter 28. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass ein großer Teil des zweiten Leiters 28 im Bereich des verstärkten Magnetfelds angeordnet ist.The housing 55 has an inclined portion 58 (oblique housing edge 58). This oblique section 58 extends essentially at right angles to the second electrical conductor 28. As a result, a large part of the second conductor 28 is arranged in the region of the amplified magnetic field.

Das Gehäuse 55 ist sowohl von dem Festkontakt 3 als auch von dem Bewegkontakt 8 beabstandet. Der Abstand zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem Festkontakt beträgt im Allgemeinen zwischen 0,5 mm und 5 mm. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich ein Abstand zwischen 1,5 mm und 2,5 mm herausgestellt. Bei einem derartigen Abstand besteht einerseits schon eine gute elektrische Isolation zwischen dem Gehäuse 55 und den Kontakten 3, 8. Andererseits wird das Magnetfeld schon ausreichend verstärkt.The housing 55 is spaced apart both from the fixed contact 3 and from the moving contact 8. The distance between the housing and the fixed contact is generally between 0.5 mm and 5 mm. A distance between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm has proved particularly advantageous. At such a distance, on the one hand already has a good electrical insulation between the housing 55 and the contacts 3, 8. On the other hand, the magnetic field is already sufficiently reinforced.

Das Gehäuse 55 umgibt den Festkontakt 3 und den Bewegkontakt 8 unmittelbar. Der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Gehäuse 55 und dem Festkontakt 3 und der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Gehäuse 55 und dem Bewegkontakt 8 sind mit einem Gas gefüllt, insbesondere mit Luft. Der Bewegkontakt 8 und der Festkontakt 3 sind also zum Beispiel luftisolierte Kontakte. Das Gehäuse 55 umgibt die Kontaktstelle 5 des Festkontakts 3 und die Kontaktstelle 10 des Bewegkontakts 8 hülsenförmig. Das Gehäuse 55 kann auch als eine Umhausung bezeichnet werden. Es handelt sich um ein (für die Kontakte 3, 8) gemeinsames Gehäuse 55, welches als ein kastenförmiges Gehäuse bzw. als ein Metallkasten ausgestaltet ist.The housing 55 surrounds the fixed contact 3 and the moving contact 8 directly. The space between the housing 55 and the fixed contact 3 and the gap between the housing 55 and the moving contact 8 are filled with a gas, in particular with air. The moving contact 8 and the fixed contact 3 are therefore for example air-insulated contacts. The housing 55 surrounds the contact point 5 of the fixed contact 3 and the contact point 10 of the moving contact 8 sleeve-shaped. The housing 55 may also be referred to as a housing. It is a common housing 55 (for the contacts 3, 8), which is designed as a box-shaped housing or as a metal box.

Wenn der durch den Leitungsschutzschalter fließende Strom den Nennstrom übersteigt (beispielsweise bei Auftreten eines Kurzschlusses), dann wird das aufgrund dieses Stromes im Kontaktbereich entstehende Magnetfeld so groß, dass es den Bewegkontakt entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn dreht. Damit öffnet das Magnetfeld den elektrischen Kontakt zwischen den kontaktstücken 5 und 10. Man spricht von einer dynamischen Kontaktöffnung; die dabei auftretende Kraft wird auch als Kontaktaufreisskraft bezeichnet. Bei der Öffnung des Kontakts, d.h. beim elektrischen Trennen des Kontaktstücks 10 von dem Kontaktstück 5 entsteht zwischen diesen beiden Kontaktstücken ein elektrischer Lichtbogen (Schaltlichtbogen), aufgrund dieses Schaltlichtbogens fließt des elektrische Strom weiter. Danach führt dieser Strom (der auch durch die Spule 22 fließt) dazu, dass mittels des oben genannten Stößels der Bewegkontakt weiter von dem Festkontakt 3 weggedreht wird.When the current flowing through the circuit breaker exceeds the rated current (for example, when a short circuit occurs), the magnetic field generated in the contact area due to this current becomes so large that it rotates the moving contact in the counterclockwise direction. Thus, the magnetic field opens the electrical contact between the contact pieces 5 and 10. One speaks of a dynamic contact opening; the force occurring is also referred to as Kontaktaufreisskraft. At the opening of the contact, i. when electrical separation of the contact piece 10 of the contact piece 5 is formed between these two contact pieces an electric arc (switching arc), due to this switching arc of the electric current continues. Thereafter, this current (which also flows through the coil 22) causes the moving contact to be further rotated away from the fixed contact 3 by means of the abovementioned ram.

Das Gehäuse 55 verstärkt das Magnetfeld im Bereich des Festkontakts 3 und des Bewegkontakts 8. Durch das verstärkte Magnetfeld wird der Lichtbogen schnell von den Kontaktstücken 5 und 10 wegbewegt und wandert zu der Löscheinrichtung 30. Dabei bewegt sich das eine Ende dieses Lichtbogens von dem Kontaktstück 5 über das Leitblech 28 zu dem einen Ende der Löscheinrichtung 30. Das andere Ende des Lichtbogens bewegt sich von dem Kontaktstück 10 zum Knick 35 der Leitschiene 32 und bewegt sich danach zu dem anderen Ende der Löscheinrichtung 30. (Man sagt auch, das andere Ende des Lichtbogens kommutiert von dem Kontaktstück 10 in den Knick 35 der Leitschiene 32.) In der Löscheinrichtung 30 wird der Lichtbogen in als solches bekannter Weise gelöscht. Die Löscheinrichtung 30 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel als eine so genannte Löschkammer (auch Deionkammer oder Deionisationskammer genannt) ausgestaltet. Diese Löschkammer weist mehrere elektrisch voneinander isolierte Metallplättchen auf. Der Lichtbogen wird zwischen den Metallplättchen in einzelne Lichtbögen aufgeteilt. Aufgrund der dabei stattfindenden Spannungsaufteilung erlöschen diese Lichtbögen schnell. Außerdem wird durch die gute thermische Leitfähigkeit der Metallplättchen dem Lichtbogen Wärme entzogen, was das Erlöschen beschleunigt.The case 55 amplifies the magnetic field in the area of the fixed contact 3 and the moving contact 8. The increased magnetic field, the arc is quickly moved away from the contact pieces 5 and 10 and migrates to the extinguishing device 30. In this case moves one end of this arc of the contact piece. 5 the other end of the arc moves from the contact piece 10 to the bend 35 of the guide rail 32nd and then moves to the other end of the extinguishing device 30. (It is also said that the other end of the arc commutes from the contact piece 10 into the bend 35 of the guide rail 32.) In the extinguishing device 30, the arc is extinguished in a manner known per se. The extinguishing device 30 is configured in the exemplary embodiment as a so-called quenching chamber (also called the deionization chamber or deionization chamber). This quenching chamber has a plurality of electrically insulated metal plates. The arc is divided between the metal plates into individual arcs. Due to the voltage division taking place these arcs go out quickly. In addition, the good thermal conductivity of the metal plate heat is removed from the arc, which speeds up the extinction.

In Figur 2 ist der Leitungsschutzschalter der Figur 1 dargestellt, wobei die Gehäuseschale 55a mit dem Gehäusedeckel 55b verschlossen ist. Daher zeigt die Figur 2 das vollständige Gehäuse 55, so dass die Kontaktstücke 5 und 10, ein Teil des Bewegkontakts 8 und der Festkontakt 3 im Inneren des Gehäuses 55 angeordnet und damit nicht sichtbar sind. Die Gehäuseschale 55a und der Gehäusedeckel 55b sind einzeln in den Figuren 6 und 7 dargestellt.In FIG. 2 is the circuit breaker the FIG. 1 illustrated, wherein the housing shell 55a is closed with the housing cover 55b. Therefore, the shows FIG. 2 the complete housing 55, so that the contact pieces 5 and 10, a part of the moving contact 8 and the fixed contact 3 are arranged in the interior of the housing 55 and thus are not visible. The housing shell 55a and the housing cover 55b are individually in the FIGS. 6 and 7 shown.

In Figur 3 ist ein Ausschnitt aus der Figur 1 vergrößert dargestellt. Dabei ist mit einer gestrichelten Linie der elektrische Strom 300 dargestellt, der über den ersten elektrischen Leiter 20 und den Festkontakt 3 zu dem Kontaktstück 5 fließt. Zwischen dem Kontaktstück 5 und dem Kontaktstück 10 brennt ein Schaltlichtbogen 302. Solange dieser Lichtbogen 302 brennt, fließt der elektrische Strom 300 vom Kontaktstück 5 zu dem Kontaktstück 10 und weiter über den Bewegkontakt 8 zu der Litze 42. Wie in Figur 3 gut zu erkennen ist, hat der fließende Strom 300 einen U-förmigen Stromverlauf. Es liegt eine enge, parallele Stromführung zwischen dem Festkontakt 3 und dem Bewegkontakt 8 vor, wobei der Strom 300 im Festkontakt 3 und im Bewegkontakt 8 in entgegengesetzter Richtung fließt. Dadurch entsteht ein Magnetfeld, welches durch Feldlinien 303 veranschaulicht ist. Die Feldlinien 303 verlaufen im Raum zwischen dem Bewegkontakt 8 und dem Festkontakt 3 in einer Richtung und werden auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Festkontakts 3 bzw. des Bewegkontakts 8 durch das Gehäuse 55 in entgegengesetzter Richtung geschlossen. Das Gehäuse 55 stellt also einen magnetischen Kreis für das Magnetfeld dar und sorgt aufgrund seiner ferromagnetischen Eigenschaften dafür, dass das Magnetfeld im Bereich der Kontaktstücke 5 und 10 verstärkt wird. Durch den U-förmigen Stromverlauf ergeben sich Magnetkräfte, welche sich abstoßen. Dadurch wird der Bewegkontakt 8 von dem Festkontakt 3 weggestoßen.In FIG. 3 is a part of the FIG. 1 shown enlarged. In this case, the electric current 300 is shown with a dashed line, which flows via the first electrical conductor 20 and the fixed contact 3 to the contact piece 5. Between the contact piece 5 and the contact piece 10 burns a switching arc 302. As long as this arc 302 burns, the electric current 300 flows from the contact piece 5 to the contact piece 10 and further via the moving contact 8 to the strand 42nd As in FIG. 3 can be clearly seen, the flowing stream 300 has a U-shaped current flow. There is a close, parallel current conduction between the fixed contact 3 and the moving contact 8, wherein the current 300 flows in the fixed contact 3 and in the moving contact 8 in the opposite direction. This creates a magnetic field which is illustrated by field lines 303. The field lines 303 extend in the space between the moving contact 8 and the fixed contact 3 in one direction and are closed on the opposite side of the fixed contact 3 and the Bewegkontakts 8 through the housing 55 in the opposite direction. The housing 55 thus represents a magnetic circuit for the magnetic field and, because of its ferromagnetic properties, ensures that the magnetic field in the region of the contact pieces 5 and 10 is amplified. Due to the U-shaped current flow resulting magnetic forces, which repel. As a result, the moving contact 8 is pushed away from the fixed contact 3.

Die Verstärkung des Magnetfelds beruht auf der als solches bekannten Eigenschaft, dass ferromagnetisches Material eine hohe relative Permeabilität µr aufweist. Dadurch wird bei gleichbleibender magnetischer Feldstärke H die magnetischen Flussdichte B gemäß der Beziehung B = µr µo H verstärkt (µo = absolute Permeabilität = konstant).The amplification of the magnetic field is based on the property known as such that ferromagnetic material has a high relative permeability μr. As a result, with the same magnetic field strength H, the magnetic flux density B is amplified according to the relationship B = μr μo H (μo = absolute permeability = constant).

Das verstärkte Magnetfeld B hat zur Folge, dass der Bewegkontakt 8 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn um den Drehpunkt 13 gedreht wird, wodurch sich das Kontaktstück 10 schnell von dem Kontaktstück 5 wegbewegt. Durch das magnetfeldverstärkende Gehäuse 55 wird also der elektrische Kontakt schneller geöffnet als er ohne das Gehäuse 55 geöffnet werden würde. Dies ist ein wesentlicher vorteilhafter Effekt des Gehäuses 55. Weiterhin bewegt das verstärkte Magnetfeld den Lichtbogen 302 schnell in Richtung der Löscheinrichtung 30 (in der Darstellung der Figur 3 also nach unten) und damit von den Kontaktstücken 5 und 10 weg. Dadurch wird die Verweilzeit des Lichtbogens 302 an den Kontaktstücken 5 und 10 verringert und damit der Abbrand der Kontaktstücke reduziert. Dadurch können bei gleicher Schaltleistung entweder kleinere Kontaktstücke verwendet werden (Materialeinsparung, Kosteneinsparung) oder bei einer gleichbleibenden Größe der Kontaktstücke kann die Schaltleistung erhöht werden. Durch das verstärkte Magnetfeld wird also der Lichtbogen schnell von den Kontaktstellen wegbewegt bzw. weggetrieben und kann dann schnell in die Löscheinrichtung 30 kommutieren.The amplified magnetic field B has the consequence that the moving contact 8 is rotated counterclockwise about the pivot point 13, whereby the contact piece 10 moves away from the contact piece 5 quickly. By the magnetic field-amplifying housing 55 so the electrical contact is opened faster than he would be opened without the housing 55. This is a significant beneficial effect of the housing 55. Furthermore, the amplified magnetic field rapidly moves the arc 302 in the direction of the extinguishing device 30 (in the illustration of FIGS FIG. 3 So down) and thus away from the contact pieces 5 and 10. As a result, the residence time of the arc 302 is reduced at the contact pieces 5 and 10 and thus reduces the erosion of the contact pieces. As a result, either smaller contact pieces can be used for the same switching capacity (material savings, cost savings) or, given a constant size of the contact pieces, the switching capacity can be increased. Due to the amplified magnetic field, the arc is thus quickly moved away from the contact points or expelled and can then commute quickly into the extinguishing device 30.

In Figur 4 ist die Anordnung der Figur 1 in einer Ansicht von oben dargestellt. Es ist gut zu erkennen, dass man durch die erste Öffnung 60 von oben in das Innere des Gehäuses 55 hineinsehen kann.In FIG. 4 is the arrangement of FIG. 1 shown in a view from above. It is good to see that you can see through the first opening 60 from above into the interior of the housing 55.

In Figur 5 ist ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus Figur 4 dargestellt. In der Ansicht von oben ist gut zu erkennen, dass die Magnetfeldlinien 303 (vgl. Fig. 3) in sich geschlossen sind, wobei der geschlossene magnetische Kreis an drei Seiten durch das Gehäuse 55 realisiert ist. Weiterhin ist gut zu erkennen, dass das Gehäuse 55 die Gehäuseschale 55a und den Gehäusedeckel 55b aufweist.In FIG. 5 is an enlarged section of FIG. 4 shown. In the view from above, it can be clearly seen that the magnetic field lines 303 (cf. Fig. 3 ) are closed, wherein the closed magnetic circuit is realized on three sides by the housing 55. Furthermore, it can be clearly seen that the housing 55 has the housing shell 55a and the housing cover 55b.

In Figur 6 und in Figur 7 sind die Gehäuseschale 55a und der Gehäusedeckel 55b jeweils einzeln dargestellt. In den Figuren 5 bis 7 ist auch gut zu erkennen, dass das Gehäuse 55 ein zweiteiliges Gehäuse ist, welches aus der Gehäuseschale 55a und dem Gehäusedeckel 55b besteht bzw. diese aufweist.In FIG. 6 and in FIG. 7 the housing shell 55a and the housing cover 55b are each shown individually. In the FIGS. 5 to 7 is also good to see that the housing 55 is a two-part housing, which consists of the housing shell 55 a and the housing cover 55 b and this has.

Es wurde dargestellt, dass durch das Gehäuse das entstehende Magnetfeld im Kontaktbereich verstärkt wird. Durch das verstärkte Magnetfeld wird der Schaltlichtbogen bis zu seiner Kommutierung vom Bewegkontakt auf die Leitschiene schneller von den Kontaktstellen 5 und 10 wegbewegt, als es ohne die Verstärkung des Magnetfelds der Fall wäre. Es wird also das Magnetfeld, welches an den Kontaktstellen vorhanden ist, gezielt verstärkt, um den Lichtbogen von den Kontaktstellen wegzutreiben. Das verstärkte Magnetfeld übt außerdem eine größere Kraft auf den Bewegkontakt 8 aus, was zu einem schnellerem dynamischen Kontaktöffnen führt.It was shown that the resulting magnetic field in the contact area is amplified by the housing. Due to the amplified magnetic field, the switching arc is moved away from the contact point 5 and 10 until it commutates from the moving contact to the guide rail faster than would be the case without the amplification of the magnetic field. Thus, the magnetic field which is present at the contact points is purposefully reinforced in order to drive away the arc from the contact points. The amplified magnetic field also exerts a greater force on the moving contact 8, resulting in a faster dynamic contact opening.

Es wurde ein Schaltgerät und ein Verfahren beschrieben, bei denen das die Kontaktstellen umgebende Magnetfeld mittels eines Gehäuses verstärkt wird. Dadurch wird der Schaltlichtbogen schneller von den Kontaktstellen wegbewegt und es wird eine schnellere dynamische Kontaktöffnung erreicht.A switching device and a method have been described in which the magnetic field surrounding the contact points is amplified by means of a housing. This will be the switching arc moved away from the contact points faster and it is achieved a faster dynamic contact opening.

Claims (13)

  1. Switching device (1) comprising a moving contact (8) and a fixed contact (3), wherein, in the switched-on state, a contact point (10) of the moving contact (8) makes contact with a contact point (5) of the fixed contact (3), wherein
    - the contact point (10) of the moving contact (8) and the contact point (5) of the fixed contact (3) are surrounded by a housing (55), wherein the housing (55) is composed of a ferromagnetic material, wherein
    - the housing (55) has a first opening (60), wherein
    - a first electrical conductor (20) passes through the first opening (60), wherein
    - the first electrical conductor (20) is electrically connected to the fixed contact (3), wherein
    - the housing (55) has a second opening (62), wherein
    - the second opening (62) is arranged opposite the first opening (60),
    characterized in that
    - a second electrical conductor (28) passes through the second opening (62), wherein
    - the second electrical conductor (28) is electrically connected to the fixed contact (3), wherein
    - the second electrical conductor (28) electrically connects the fixed contact (3) to an arc quenching device (30), and wherein
    - the housing (55) has an oblique section (58) at the second opening (62), the said oblique section being arranged substantially at a right angle to the second electrical conductor (28).
  2. Switching device according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    - the housing (55) is a magnetic circuit for the magnetic field which is produced on account of the electric current (300) flowing through the fixed contact (3) and the moving contact (8).
  3. Switching device according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    - the housing (55) is arranged in the interior of a switching device housing (52).
  4. Switching device according to Claim 3,
    characterized in that
    - the switching device housing (52) is composed of an insulating material.
  5. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    - the housing (55) is a two-part housing.
  6. Switching device according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    - the housing (55) has a housing shell (55a) and a cover (55b).
  7. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    - the housing (55) is at a distance both from the fixed contact (3) and also from the moving contact (8).
  8. Switching device according to Claim 7,
    characterized in that
    - the distance between the housing (55) and the fixed contact (3) is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
  9. Switching device according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that
    - the distance between the housing (55) and the fixed contact (3) is between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm.
  10. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    - the moving contact (8) is a rotary contact.
  11. Method for moving an arc (302) in a switching device (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, wherein, in the method,
    - a magnetic field is generated by means of an electric current (300) flowing through the moving contact (8) and the fixed contact (3),
    - this magnetic field is intensified by a housing (55), wherein the housing (55) surrounds the contact point (10) of the moving contact (8) and the contact point (5) of the fixed contact (3), and wherein the housing (55) is composed of a ferromagnetic material,
    - an arc (302) which has been struck between the contact point (10) of the moving contact (8) and the contact point (5) of the fixed contact (3) is moved away from the contact point (10) of the moving contact (8) and the contact point (5) of the fixed contact (3) by the intensified magnetic field, and
    - a force is exerted on the moving contact (8) by the intensified magnetic field in such a way that the contact point (10) of the moving contact (8) is moved away from the contact point (5) of the fixed contact (3).
  12. Method according to Claim 11,
    characterized in that
    - the magnetic field is intensified by the housing (55) which acts as a magnetic circuit.
  13. Method according to Claim 11 or 12,
    characterized in that
    - the housing (55) is arranged in the interior of a switching device housing (52).
EP14168463.9A 2013-07-26 2014-05-15 Switching device Not-in-force EP2830076B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201310214642 DE102013214642A1 (en) 2013-07-26 2013-07-26 switchgear

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2830076A1 EP2830076A1 (en) 2015-01-28
EP2830076B1 true EP2830076B1 (en) 2016-09-07

Family

ID=50721651

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14168463.9A Not-in-force EP2830076B1 (en) 2013-07-26 2014-05-15 Switching device

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP2830076B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104347326B (en)
DE (1) DE102013214642A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105047496A (en) * 2015-08-06 2015-11-11 浙江凯发电气股份有限公司 Prepaid breaker arc-initiating device
WO2019021673A1 (en) * 2017-07-26 2019-01-31 三菱電機株式会社 Switch
CN107845535A (en) * 2017-10-10 2018-03-27 上海良信电器股份有限公司 The short circuit mode and contact module of a kind of multipole electrical rotary switch

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5319167A (en) * 1993-03-08 1994-06-07 Eaton Corporation Electrical contactor employing a rotary disc
DE10343005B4 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-10-27 Siemens Ag Switching device and method for its production
DE10352934B4 (en) * 2003-11-11 2005-12-22 Siemens Ag Arc-extinguishing device
US6970059B2 (en) * 2003-12-11 2005-11-29 Eaton Corporation Slot motor including legs engaging openings of circuit breaker housing and electrical switching apparatus employing the same
IT1391125B1 (en) * 2008-10-15 2011-11-18 Abb Spa LOW VOLTAGE SWITCH
CN101866788A (en) * 2009-04-14 2010-10-20 上海良信电器股份有限公司 DC circuit breaker for improving arc blowout effect
CN201838535U (en) * 2010-11-04 2011-05-18 浙江加西亚电子电器有限公司 Arc starting system of miniature circuit breaker
CN202712098U (en) * 2012-07-27 2013-01-30 法泰电器（江苏）股份有限公司 Breaker arc-extinguishing device with protection against reverse current

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104347326A (en) 2015-02-11
DE102013214642A1 (en) 2015-01-29
EP2830076A1 (en) 2015-01-28
CN104347326B (en) 2018-12-04

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