EP2827862B1 - Formulations of bendamustine - Google Patents

Formulations of bendamustine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2827862B1
EP2827862B1 EP13764989.3A EP13764989A EP2827862B1 EP 2827862 B1 EP2827862 B1 EP 2827862B1 EP 13764989 A EP13764989 A EP 13764989A EP 2827862 B1 EP2827862 B1 EP 2827862B1
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Prior art keywords
bendamustine
liquid composition
polyethylene glycol
propylene glycol
subject
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EP13764989.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2827862A4 (en
EP2827862A1 (en
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Srikanth SUNDARAM
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Eagle Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Eagle Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Application filed by Eagle Pharmaceuticals Inc filed Critical Eagle Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority to EP23218288.1A priority Critical patent/EP4360621A3/en
Priority to SI201332072T priority patent/SI2827862T1/en
Priority to RS20240115A priority patent/RS65177B1/en
Priority to HRP20240056TT priority patent/HRP20240056T1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/22—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia

Definitions

  • Bendamustine is used in the treatment of a number of cancers including leukemias, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myelomas.
  • Bendamustine (present as the HCl salt) is the active ingredient of the commercial product Treanda TM , a lyophilized powder for reconstitution.
  • Current labeling requirements call for the reconstituted product to be immediately (within 30 minutes) diluted into 500 mL of parenterally acceptable diluents such as 0.9% saline (normal saline) or 2.5% dextrose/0.45% saline and administered as part of an intravenous infusion delivering 100 mg/m 2 over 30 minutes or 120 mg/m 2 over 60 minutes.
  • the diluted admixture may be stored at 2-8°C for up to 24 hours, or 3 hours at room temperature (15-30°C); administration must be completed within this period due to limited chemical stability in aqueous solutions.
  • Solubility limitations at 2-8°C with currently approved and/or available formulations are believed to prevent current formulations from being administered in smaller more concentrated infusion volumes up to about 150 ml; at volumes below 150 ml, solubility is not sufficient even at 25°C.
  • Side effects associated with extravasation and local erythema, swelling and pain at the injection site also dictate that the infusion be as dilute as possible. Therefore, precautions are taken to avoid extravasation, including monitoring of the intravenous infusion site for redness, swelling, pain, infection, and necrosis during and after administration of bendamustine. Higher infusion volume and longer infusion times, however, are associated with many drawbacks.
  • the current product after reconstitution, the current product has a short period of stability, degradation of the drug occurs from the time of reconstitution until the entire large volume infusion has been completely administered.
  • the current label for Treanda TM therefore instructs that the admixture should be prepared as close as possible to the time of patient administration, and that administration of Treanda TM must be completed within the durations indicated above.
  • higher infusion volumes and long infusion times are undesirable. Higher infusion volumes may be associated with higher likelihood of weight gain and edema.
  • Shorter infusion times and smaller infusion volumes result in a better quality of life experience for the patient by reducing the overall "stress" to the patient and reducing the time spent in the infusion clinic. Shorter infusion times (and smaller volumes) also reduce the potential extravasation (and shorten the patient monitoring time required). It would be advantageous if the drug could be administered in smaller volumes and over shorter times. The present invention addresses these needs.
  • liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing cancer or malignant disease in a subject such as a human.
  • the methods include parenterally administering the liquid composition containing:
  • the invention provides liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing a bendamustine-responsive condition in a subject such as a human.
  • the methods may include administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml) Bendamustine HCl 0.05 to 1.6 Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 0.30 to 6.5 Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 3.3 to 65 Monothioglycerol 0.02 to 0.35 NaOH 0.0 to 0.01 over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 30 minutes to a subject in need thereof.
  • liquid compositions for use in methods including administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml) Bendamustine HCl 1.1 to 12.5 Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 4.5to51 Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 45 to 500 Monothioglycerol 0.2 to 2.5 NaOH 0.0 to 0.04 over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 15 minutes to a subject in need thereof.
  • Ingredient Concentration Range mg/ml
  • Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 4.5to51
  • Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 45 to 500
  • Monothioglycerol 0.2 to 2.5 NaOH 0.0 to 0.04 over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 15 minutes to a subject in need thereof.
  • the liquid compositions for use in the methods of the present invention take advantage of the fact that the concentration of the bendamustine HCl is below the room temperature solubility limit of the vehicle into which it is placed. As a result, the bendamustine does not precipitate during administration to the patient thereby substantially avoiding the side effects which would otherwise occur during small volume administration of therapeutic doses of the drug.
  • patients or subjects with bendamustine-responsive conditions can be treated using substantially smaller parenteral volumes which are well below the standard 500 ml administration volume.
  • liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing cancer or malignant disease in a subject or patient who is preferably a human.
  • the methods generally include parenterally administering the liquid composition containing:
  • the solubilizer portion of the formulation preferably includes from about 0.3 to about 45 % volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) and from about 0.03 to about 5% volume propylene glycol (PG), as calculated on the basis of the total or final volume administered.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • PG propylene glycol
  • the final concentration of the PEG generally ranges from about 3 to about 500 mg/ml
  • the final concentration of the PG generally ranges from about 0.5 to about 51 mg/ml.
  • certain aspects of the invention include concentration ranges for the PEG of from about 45 to about 500 mg/ml or from about 3.3 to about 63.3 mg/ml; and for the PG ranges of from about 4.7 to about 50.6; or from about 0.02 to about 6.5 mg/ml.
  • the bendamustine is administered intravenously as part of an intravenous infusion.
  • the liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent.
  • the infusion volume is about 50 ml, with the volume varying about+/- 10% or +/-15% being preferred in some embodiments.
  • the intravenous administration volume may be suitable for IV bolus administration (not claimed) and may also include an amount of pharmaceutically acceptable diluent such as normal saline or one of the other diluents described herein which does not cause the solubility of the vehicle to fall below the concentration of the bendamustine. Stated alternatively, the final concentration of the bendamustine will be below the solubility of the combination vehicle containing the mixture of propylene glycol and PEG and diluent.
  • liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent.
  • the solubilizer in the invention comprises (and is preferably) a mixture of polyethylene glycol, hereinafter "PEG” and propylene glycol, hereinafter "PG".
  • the solubilizer also includes an antioxidant such as monothioglycerol.
  • the amount of antioxidant included is optionally a formulation stabilizing amount, which, in the case of monothioglycerol ranges from about 2 to about 10 mg/ml.
  • the PEG preferably has a molecular weight of about 400, i.e. PEG 400. Other molecular weight PEG's known to those of ordinary skill can be included if desired in alternative embodiments.
  • Certain aspects of the invention call for the ratio of the PEG to PG found in the solubilizer to be 90:10. In alternative aspects, the ratio of the PEG to PG is 85:15.
  • the total amount of solubilizer, i.e. blend of PEG and PG, included in infusion volumes of about 100 ml is from about 0.5 to about 26.5% vol.; with solubilizer amounts of from about 2.0 to about 22.4% vol. included in infusion volumes of about 50-65 ml.
  • solubilizer is a blend
  • amount of PEG and PG in various volumes can be as follows: Solubilizer 50 ml 100 ml 250 ml (not claimed) PEG 20.12 11.33 4.9 PG 2.24 1.26 0.54
  • the liquid compositions of the invention are advantageously for use in methods using bendamustine HCl containing compositions administered as small volume infusions with volumes of about 50 ml or about 100 ml.
  • the liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent. Such smaller volumes allow the drug to be administered over a time period of about 10 minutes or less as part of an intravenous infusions containing a volume of about 50 ml.
  • IV bolus volumes containing sufficient amount of the drug may be less than 50 ml (not claimed).
  • the infusible compositions also include the parenterally acceptable diluents such as water for injection (WFI), 0.9% saline (normal saline, preferred), 0.45% saline (half normal saline) or 2.5 % dextrose/0.45% saline.
  • the liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent.
  • Formulations well suited for carrying out the methods described herein are also described in commonly assigned US Patent Application Serial Nos. 13/016,473 , filed January 28, 2011 , and 13/767,672 filed February 14, 2013 .
  • some preferred bendamustine formulations can also include a minor amount of a pH adjuster such as sodium formate, sodium phosphate, potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid or, preferably, sodium hydroxide.
  • the bendamustine formulations used in the methods described herein can be one or more of those described in US Patent Nos. 8,344,006 and 8,076,366 ; and US Patent Application Nos. 2013/0041004 ; 2012/0071532 ; 2010/0216858 ; 2006/0159713 ; and 2013/0041003 . It being understood that the vehicle into which the bendamustine HCl is placed will have sufficient bendamustine solubility which exceeds the concentration of the drug included therein.
  • a sufficient amount of a concentrated, ready to use liquid formulation such one containing 25 mg/ml bendamustine HCl and already admixed with sufficient solubilizers can be transferred to a suitable fixed volume diluent container such as a bag containing 50 ml normal saline or the like.
  • a suitable fixed volume diluent container such as a bag containing 50 ml normal saline or the like.
  • lyophilized bendamustine HCl can be reconstituted, combined with sufficient solubilizer blends as described herein and administered in accordance with the inventive methods.
  • the actual amount delivered to the patient will be slightly more than the diluent amount so as to allow for the addition of the drug/ solubilizer vehicle.
  • liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) at a dose of about 100mg/m 2 .
  • CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • the small volume infusions can be given as part of any treatment protocol for which bendamustine is included.
  • the compositions described herein can be administered as part of a poly-pharmaceutical treatment regimen according to known protocols with the exception that the concentrated bendamustine compositions described herein are administered in smaller infusion volumes over significantly shorter administration periods.
  • some CLL treatment regimens can include administering the compositions described herein intravenously as part of about 100 ml infusions in about 15 minutes or less on days 1 and 2 of a 28 day cycle and repeating the cycle up to 6 times or longer if clinically appropriate. If 50 ml volumes are used to deliver the bendamustine, the time of administration is preferably about 10 minutes or less.
  • liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing the malignant disease of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at a dose of about 120mg/m 2 .
  • the composition is administered intravenously as a 100 ml infusion in about 15 minutes or less on days 1 and 2 of a 21 day cycle for up to 8 cycles or longer if clinically appropriate. If 50 ml volumes are used to deliver the bendamustine, the time of administration is preferably about 10 minutes or less.
  • liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing a bendamustine-responsive condition in a subject such as a human.
  • the methods may include administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml) Bendamustine HCl 0.05 to 1.6 Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 0.30 to 6.5 Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 3.3 to 65 Monothioglycerol 0.02 to 0.35 NaOH 0.0 to 0.01 over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 15 minutes to a subject in need thereof.
  • Bendamustine formulations containing the above ingredients are capable of delivering approximately 25 mg of the drug as the HCl salt in volumes of pharmaceutically acceptable diluent ranging from about 325 ml down to about 15 ml (the liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent.).
  • the measured solubility of the bendamustine HCl in the diluent/solubilizer combination (50 ml diluent plus 1 ml of 25 mg/ml bendamustine HCl and solubilizers, etc.) at room temperature was 10.5 mg/ml using normal saline and 14.2 mg/ml using half normal saline/dextrose.
  • the solubility of the diluent/solubilizer combination far exceeded the bendamustine concentration, thus assuring the avoidance of precipitated drug prior to or during administration.
  • the concentration of solubilizers increases with respect to the total volume in small administration doses, the solubility of the bendamustine is maintained.
  • the liquid compositions are for use in methods including administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml) Bendamustine HCl 1.1 to 12.5 Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 4.5 to 51 Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 45 to 500 Monothioglycerol 0.2 to 2.5 NaOH 0.0 to 0.04 over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 15 minutes to a subject in need thereof. As was the case above, the administration time will decrease with the decrease in volume administered.
  • Bendamustine formulations containing the above ingredients are capable of delivering approximately 360 mg of the drug as the HCl salt in volumes of pharmaceutically acceptable diluent ranging from about 325 ml down to about 15 ml (the liquid compositions of the invention comprise about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent).
  • the measured solubility of the bendamustine HCl in the diluent/solubilizer combination (1 ml drug + solubilizers, etc. and 50 ml diluent) at room temperature was 10.5 mg/ml using normal saline and 14.2 mg/ml using half normal saline/dextrose.
  • the solubility of the diluent/solubilizer combination exceeds the bendamustine concentration, thus assuring the avoidance of precipitated drug prior to or during administration.
  • the solubility of bendamustine HCl obtained from two different sources, in 0.9% saline and 0.9% saline containing from different amounts of a non-aqueous solubilizer comprising a mixture of polyethylene glycol 400 and propylene glycol (in the volume proportion of 90:10) with and without 5 mg/ml monothioglycerol was determined at both room temperature (22-23°C) and at refrigerated temperature (5°C). Essentially, an excess of bendamustine HCl was added to solvents comprising of various volume percent of the non-aqueous solubilizer in 0.9% saline, and allowed to equilibrate with shaking for 30 minutes at room temperature, or for 24 hours at refrigerated temperature.
  • the suspensions were filtered through a 0.2 micron filter to remove undissolved bendamustine, and the filtrate solutions analyzed for bendamustine HCl content using a HPLC assay; quantification was performed against a bendamustine HCl reference standard.
  • the solubility data are presented in Table 1.
  • Bendamustine-containing compositions are prepared by adding 5 mg/ml of thioglycerol to a mixture containing 90% polyethylene glycol 400 and 10% propylene glycol. As indicated in the Table 2 below, NaOH may be added to the PEG in an amount sufficient to get apparent pH of greater than or equal to 6.5 as measured using the pH method outlined in the USP monograph for polyethylene glycol (PEG). Bendamustine (BDM) is then added to the sample to a concentration of 10 mg/ml.
  • compositions are then admixed with normal saline based on the total dose ofbendamustine HCl, which in turn is based on the patient body surface area (BSA) and the dosing regimen (100 mg/m 2 for CLL and 120 mg/m 2 for NLL; although dose modifications of 90, 60, 50, and 25 mg/m 2 are possible, only the highest two dosing regimens are considered for illustrative purposes, as these result in the highest concentration ofbendamustine during infusion).
  • BSA patient body surface area
  • the 100 ml infusion (not claimed) is then made by admixing the dose appropriate volume of the 10mg/ml solution with a 100 ml portion of normal saline to provide an infusible composition containing the appropriate dose of bendamustine (as the HCl salt) in the final admixture, which can be administered intravenously over about 15 minutes to a patient in need thereof.
  • the concentrations of bendamustine (as HCl salt) and the corresponding volume percent of non-aqueous component are well below the corresponding solubilities at both room temperature and refrigerated temperature as detailed in Table 1.
  • the final concentration of bendamustine HCl in a 100 ml admixture is 1.94 mg/mL.
  • the solubility with the non-aqueous formulation is well above the final concentration (of bendamustine HCl) of 1.94 mg/mL, allowing preparation and storage of the 100 ml admixture at refrigerated conditions.
  • the room temperature solubilities in 100% normal saline and 80% normal saline (with 20% non-aqueous component) are about 3.3 mg/ml and 8.5 mg/ml, respectively (see Table 1), which are also well above the final concentration of 1.94 mg/ml. Therefore, 100 ml admixtures of the non-aqueous formulation described in the example may also be prepared and stored at room temperature.
  • non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine described in this example at Table 2 may be diluted into smaller infusion volumes ranging from 250 ml or less (the liquid compositions of the invention comprise about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent)), and stored at either room temperature or refrigerated temperature, with bendamustine continuing to remain in solution for extended periods of time as compared to currently available formulations.
  • Table 3 Concentrations of bendamustine (BDM, as HCl salt) and corresponding volume % of non-aqueous (NA) component in the final admixture, for volumes ranging from 100 ml to 250 ml For 10 mg/mL Formulation BSA (m2) Admix. Volume 250 mL (not claimed) Admix.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp.
  • Example 2 The procedures of Example 2 are repeated except that the dose appropriate volume of the 10 mg/ml bendamustine solution is diluted into 250 ml of normal saline.
  • the final concentration of bendamustine in the 250 ml volume container ranges from about 0.05 mg/ml to about 1.3 mg/ml.
  • Example 2 The approximately 100 ml bendamustine HCl infusion of Example 2 is administered to a patient in about 15 minutes.
  • Bendamustine-containing compositions may be prepared by adding 5 mg/ml of thioglycerol to 90% polyethylene glycol 400 and 10% propylene glycol. As indicated in the Table 4 below, NaOH may be added in an amount sufficient to get apparent pH of greater than or equal to 6.5 as measured using the pH method outlined in the USP monograph for polyethylene glycol (PEG). Bendamustine is then added to the sample to a concentration of 25 mg/ml as indicated in Table 4 below.
  • compositions are then admixed with normal saline based on the total dose of bendamustine HCl, which in turn is based on the patient body surface area (BSA) and the dosing regimen (100 mg/m 2 for CLL and 120 mg/m2 for NLL; although dose modifications of 90, 60, 50, and 25 mg/m 2 are possible, only the highest two dosing regimens are considered for illustrative purposes, as these result in the highest concentration ofbendamustine during infusion).
  • BSA patient body surface area
  • Table 5 provides the final concentration of bendamustine (as the HCl salt) in the final admixture, for volumes ranging from 250 ml to 50 ml (in the invention, the composition contains about 50mL of a diluent).
  • the concentrations of bendamustine (as HCl salt) and the corresponding volume percent of non-aqueous component are well below the corresponding solubilities at room temperature as detailed in Table 1, for all admixture volumes up to 50 ml.
  • the final concentration of bendamustine HCl in a 50 ml admixture is 4.03 mg/ml.
  • the use of the non-aqueous bendamustine formulation described in this example results in the presence of 16.1% of the non-aqueous component in the final admixture, which improves the room temperature solubility to about 6.5 mg/ml (solubility of 6.554 mg/ml and 7.012 mg/ml with 15% non-aqueous component, as shown in Table 1). Therefore, the solubility with the non-aqueous formulation is well above the final concentration (of bendamustine HCl) of 4.03 mg/mL, allowing preparation and storage of the 100 ml admixture at room temperature conditions.
  • the non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine described in this example may be diluted into smaller infusion volumes ranging from 250 ml or less (in the invention, the composition contains about 50mL of a diluent), with bendamustine continuing to remain in solution if maintained at room temperature.
  • the concentrations of bendamustine (as HCl salt) and the corresponding volume percent of non-aqueous component exceed the corresponding solubilities as detailed in Table 1, for all admixture volumes equal to or below 150 ml.
  • the solubility at refrigerated conditions with 15% non-aqueous component has improved to 2.9 mg/ml but is still below the final concentration of 4.03 mg/ml.
  • the final concentration of bendamustine HCl in this scenario is 1.5 mg/ml with about 6.0% non-aqueous component, which is below the solubility limit (of 2.022 mg/ml at 5% non-aqueous at 2-8°C).
  • the non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine described in this example may be diluted into smaller infusion volumes ranging from 250 ml to 50 ml (the liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent), and stored at only room temperature (but not refrigerated temperature), with bendamustine continuing to remain in solution.
  • the minimum admixture volume that can be used is 150 ml or higher.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose.
  • BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp 100 mg/m 2 dose 120 mg/m 2 dose.
  • BDM Conc (mg/ml) %NA comp. 1.00 1.85 7.4 2.19 8.8 1.25 2.27 9.1 2.68 10.7 1.50 2.68 10.7 3.15 12.6 1.75 3.07 12.3 3.60 14.4 2.00 3.45 13.8 4.03 16.1 2.25 3.81 15.3 4.44 17.8 2.50 4.17 16.7 4.84 19.4 2.75 4.51 18.0 5.22 20.9 3.00 4.84 19.4 5.59 22.4
  • the hemolysis study was conducted at the highest final bendamustine HCl concentrations expected at these admixture volumes, namely, for a 3.0 m 2 patient dosed at 120 mg/m 2 .
  • the final bendamustine HCl concentration for 250 ml and 100 ml admixture volumes is 1.36 mg/ml and 3.15 mg/ml, respectively (Table 5).
  • Table 6 Hemolytic Potential test results Mixture Hemoglobin a (mg/dL) Test Result Supernatant Color b Tube No. Human blood plus: Test Article A (25 mg/mL, diluted to 3.2 mg/mL with saline)- 100 ml admixture 1 N Light yellow 1 0 N Light yellow 2 1 N Light yellow 3 Test Article A (25 mg/mL, diluted to 1.4 mg/mL with saline)-250 ml admixture (reference) 2 N Light yellow 4 1 N Light yellow 5 1 N Light yellow 6 Test Article A Vehicle (Placebo, diluted with 100 ml saline) (reference) 0 N Light yellow 7 1 N Light yellow 8 0 N Light yellow 9 Test Article A Vehicle (Placebo, diluted with 250 ml saline) (reference) 1 N Light yellow 10 4 N Light yellow 11 1 N Light yellow 12 Treanda TM (5 mg/mL, diluted to 0.6 mg/mL with saline
  • NA Not applicable.
  • P Positive, hemolysis. a Hemoglobin index of the mixture supernatants. b Plasma separated from whole blood plasma. c 1% Saponin. Saponin is a hemolytic agent used to lyse erythrocytes.
  • the formulation was administered as either intravenous infusion (5 mg/kg in 10 minutes), or perivascular injection (250 ⁇ l) to determine local tolerance.
  • Treanda TM reconstituted and admixed with normal saline to a final concentration of 0.6 mg/ml (the highest concentration stated in the label) was also studied either as a 30 minute IV infusion (the shortest infusion time stated in the label), as well as perivascular injection (250 ⁇ l). Animals were held for a 96 hour (post-dose) observation period. During the observation period, dermal scores were recorded for all administration sites. At the end of the observation periods, animals were euthanized and a macroscopic and microscopic examination of both ears was performed. Parameters evaluated during the study were: viability, clinical observations, body weights, macroscopic observations and microscopic pathology.
  • Perivascular administration of bendamustine formulations (0.25 ml injection volume) produced dermal irritation in all groups. Local signs of dermal irritation following perivascular administration were mostly characterized by slight (group 6 - Treanda TM ) or slight to moderate (group 7 - non aqueous bendamustine formulation of example 5) erythema, and slight edema (groups 7). The severity of the irritation observed correlated with the dose and/or concentration of the test article administered, with placebo groups generally showing a lesser level of irritation than the corresponding test-article formulation.
  • Table 7 Summary of in life dermal observations Material - Left ear/Right ear Dermal observations during 96 hour post dose period (incidence and most severe level of erythema and edema noted) Left ear (Bendamustine-containing formulation) Right ear (Placebo material)
  • Intravenous administration Group 1 Treanda TM diluted to 0.6 mg/ml in saline/Treanda Placebo - 500 ml admixture - (2/3)
  • Slight Group 2 Non-aqueous bendamustine formulation 25 mg/ml diluted to 3.2 mg/ml in saline/placebo (+saline) - 100 ml admixture - (1/3)
  • Moderate Perivascular administration Group 6 Treanda TM diluted to 0.6 mg/ml in saline/Treanda TM Placebo - 500 ml admixture (1/2) Slight (1/2)
  • Slight Group 7 Non-aqueous benda
  • the admixture solutions were prepared at the expected lowest concentration (corresponding to a 1.0 m 2 patient dosed at 25 mg/m 2 ) and the highest concentration (corresponding to a 3.0 m 2 patient dosed at 120 mg/m 2 ) of bendamustine HCl in the final admixture.
  • the tested minimum and maximum concentrations are about 0.5 mg/ml and 6.0 mg/ml, respectively.
  • the tested minimum and maximum concentrations are about 0.25 mg/ml and 3.2 mg/ml, respectively.
  • the chemical stability of Treanda TM was also determined at the lowest (0.2 mg/ml) and the highest (0.6 mg/ml) admixed concentrations stated in the label. The chemical stability was monitored at room temperature at periodic intervals up to 24 hours using a validated HPLC assay. The results are summarized in Table 9.
  • Treanda TM when prepared as directed in the label shows total degradation of about 5-6% in 3 hours at room temperature (corresponding to the room temperature stability claim in the label); monohydroxy bendamustine is the main degradant.
  • the non-aqueous bendamustine formulations admixed in either 50 ml or 100 ml saline show total degradation of less than 5-6% over 6 hours at the lowest concentrations tested, indicating that these admixtures are significantly less prone to degradation. This stabilizing effect is particularly pronounced at the higher concentrations (which are more typical), with chemical stability evident for 24 hours at these concentrations.
  • the non-aqueous formulations of bendamustine thus offer better chemical stability than Treanda TM when admixed into smaller volumes.

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Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Bendamustine is used in the treatment of a number of cancers including leukemias, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myelomas. Bendamustine (present as the HCl salt) is the active ingredient of the commercial product Treanda™, a lyophilized powder for reconstitution. Current labeling requirements call for the reconstituted product to be immediately (within 30 minutes) diluted into 500 mL of parenterally acceptable diluents such as 0.9% saline (normal saline) or 2.5% dextrose/0.45% saline and administered as part of an intravenous infusion delivering 100 mg/m2 over 30 minutes or 120 mg/m2 over 60 minutes. The diluted admixture may be stored at 2-8°C for up to 24 hours, or 3 hours at room temperature (15-30°C); administration must be completed within this period due to limited chemical stability in aqueous solutions.
  • Solubility limitations at 2-8°C with currently approved and/or available formulations are believed to prevent current formulations from being administered in smaller more concentrated infusion volumes up to about 150 ml; at volumes below 150 ml, solubility is not sufficient even at 25°C. Side effects associated with extravasation and local erythema, swelling and pain at the injection site also dictate that the infusion be as dilute as possible. Therefore, precautions are taken to avoid extravasation, including monitoring of the intravenous infusion site for redness, swelling, pain, infection, and necrosis during and after administration of bendamustine. Higher infusion volume and longer infusion times, however, are associated with many drawbacks. For example, after reconstitution, the current product has a short period of stability, degradation of the drug occurs from the time of reconstitution until the entire large volume infusion has been completely administered. The current label for Treanda™ therefore instructs that the admixture should be prepared as close as possible to the time of patient administration, and that administration of Treanda™ must be completed within the durations indicated above. From patient comfort and nursing administration points of view, higher infusion volumes and long infusion times are undesirable. Higher infusion volumes may be associated with higher likelihood of weight gain and edema. Shorter infusion times and smaller infusion volumes result in a better quality of life experience for the patient by reducing the overall "stress" to the patient and reducing the time spent in the infusion clinic. Shorter infusion times (and smaller volumes) also reduce the potential extravasation (and shorten the patient monitoring time required). It would be advantageous if the drug could be administered in smaller volumes and over shorter times. The present invention addresses these needs.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In a first aspect of the invention there are provided liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing cancer or malignant disease in a subject such as a human. The methods include parenterally administering the liquid composition containing:
    1. a) from 0.5 to 5.6 mg/ml of bendamustine hydrochloride;
    2. b) a solubilizer comprising polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol,
      wherein the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 90:10 to 85:15;
    3. c) an antioxidant; and
    4. d) about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent;
    over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes to a subject in need thereof, as part of an intravenous infusion, wherein:
    1. (i) the cancer or malignant disease is chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the amount of bendamustine administered to the subject is about 100 mg/m2 body surface area; or
    2. (ii) the cancer or malignant disease is indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the amount of bendamustine administered to the subject is about 120 mg/m2 body surface area.
  • The invention provides liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing a bendamustine-responsive condition in a subject such as a human. The methods may include administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains
    Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml)
    Bendamustine HCl 0.05 to 1.6
    Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 0.30 to 6.5
    Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 3.3 to 65
    Monothioglycerol 0.02 to 0.35
    NaOH 0.0 to 0.01
    over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 30 minutes to a subject in need thereof.
  • Also disclosed are liquid compositions for use in methods including administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains
    Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml)
    Bendamustine HCl 1.1 to 12.5
    Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 4.5to51
    Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 45 to 500
    Monothioglycerol 0.2 to 2.5
    NaOH 0.0 to 0.04
    over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 15 minutes to a subject in need thereof.
  • The liquid compositions for use in the methods of the present invention take advantage of the fact that the concentration of the bendamustine HCl is below the room temperature solubility limit of the vehicle into which it is placed. As a result, the bendamustine does not precipitate during administration to the patient thereby substantially avoiding the side effects which would otherwise occur during small volume administration of therapeutic doses of the drug. In addition, patients or subjects with bendamustine-responsive conditions can be treated using substantially smaller parenteral volumes which are well below the standard 500 ml administration volume.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In the event that there is a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise.
  • In a first aspect of the invention there are provided liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing cancer or malignant disease in a subject or patient who is preferably a human. The methods generally include parenterally administering the liquid composition containing:
    1. a) from 0.5 to 5.6 mg/ml of bendamustine hydrochloride;
    2. b) a solubilizer comprising polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol,
      wherein the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 90:10 to 85:15;
    3. c) an antioxidant; and
    4. d) about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent;
    over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes to a subject in need thereof, as part of an intravenous infusion, wherein:
    1. (i) the cancer or malignant disease is chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the amount of bendamustine administered to the subject is about 100 mg/m2 body surface area; or
    2. (ii) the cancer or malignant disease is indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the amount of bendamustine administered to the subject is about 120 mg/m2 body surface area.
  • The solubilizer portion of the formulation preferably includes from about 0.3 to about 45 % volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) and from about 0.03 to about 5% volume propylene glycol (PG), as calculated on the basis of the total or final volume administered. Stated alternatively, the final concentration of the PEG generally ranges from about 3 to about 500 mg/ml, while the final concentration of the PG generally ranges from about 0.5 to about 51 mg/ml. Within these general ranges, certain aspects of the invention include concentration ranges for the PEG of from about 45 to about 500 mg/ml or from about 3.3 to about 63.3 mg/ml; and for the PG ranges of from about 4.7 to about 50.6; or from about 0.02 to about 6.5 mg/ml.
  • The bendamustine is administered intravenously as part of an intravenous infusion. The liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent. The infusion volume is about 50 ml, with the volume varying about+/- 10% or +/-15% being preferred in some embodiments. The intravenous administration volume may be suitable for IV bolus administration (not claimed) and may also include an amount of pharmaceutically acceptable diluent such as normal saline or one of the other diluents described herein which does not cause the solubility of the vehicle to fall below the concentration of the bendamustine. Stated alternatively, the final concentration of the bendamustine will be below the solubility of the combination vehicle containing the mixture of propylene glycol and PEG and diluent.
  • For purposes of the present invention, the word "about" when used to modify infusion volumes or concentrations shall be understood to include values which may vary by amounts of about +/- 10% or 15%. The liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent.
  • The solubilizer in the invention comprises (and is preferably) a mixture of polyethylene glycol, hereinafter "PEG" and propylene glycol, hereinafter "PG". The solubilizer also includes an antioxidant such as monothioglycerol. The amount of antioxidant included is optionally a formulation stabilizing amount, which, in the case of monothioglycerol ranges from about 2 to about 10 mg/ml. The PEG preferably has a molecular weight of about 400, i.e. PEG 400. Other molecular weight PEG's known to those of ordinary skill can be included if desired in alternative embodiments.
  • Certain aspects of the invention call for the ratio of the PEG to PG found in the solubilizer to be 90:10. In alternative aspects, the ratio of the PEG to PG is 85:15.
  • In some aspects (not claimed), the total amount of solubilizer, i.e. blend of PEG and PG, included in infusion volumes of about 100 ml is from about 0.5 to about 26.5% vol.; with solubilizer amounts of from about 2.0 to about 22.4% vol. included in infusion volumes of about 50-65 ml.
  • Since the solubilizer is a blend, the amount of PEG and PG in various volumes (calculated as % vol.) can be as follows:
    Solubilizer 50 ml 100 ml 250 ml (not claimed)
    PEG 20.12 11.33 4.9
    PG 2.24 1.26 0.54
  • The liquid compositions of the invention are advantageously for use in methods using bendamustine HCl containing compositions administered as small volume infusions with volumes of about 50 ml or about 100 ml. The liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent. Such smaller volumes allow the drug to be administered over a time period of about 10 minutes or less as part of an intravenous infusions containing a volume of about 50 ml. Depending upon the amount of drug administered, IV bolus volumes containing sufficient amount of the drug may be less than 50 ml (not claimed).
  • The infusible compositions also include the parenterally acceptable diluents such as water for injection (WFI), 0.9% saline (normal saline, preferred), 0.45% saline (half normal saline) or 2.5 % dextrose/0.45% saline. The liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent. Formulations well suited for carrying out the methods described herein are also described in commonly assigned US Patent Application Serial Nos. 13/016,473 , filed January 28, 2011 , and 13/767,672 filed February 14, 2013 . As reviewed in the '672 patent application, some preferred bendamustine formulations can also include a minor amount of a pH adjuster such as sodium formate, sodium phosphate, potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid or, preferably, sodium hydroxide.
  • In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the bendamustine formulations used in the methods described herein can be one or more of those described in US Patent Nos. 8,344,006 and 8,076,366 ; and US Patent Application Nos. 2013/0041004 ; 2012/0071532 ; 2010/0216858 ; 2006/0159713 ; and 2013/0041003 . It being understood that the vehicle into which the bendamustine HCl is placed will have sufficient bendamustine solubility which exceeds the concentration of the drug included therein.
  • If desired, a sufficient amount of a concentrated, ready to use liquid formulation such one containing 25 mg/ml bendamustine HCl and already admixed with sufficient solubilizers can be transferred to a suitable fixed volume diluent container such as a bag containing 50 ml normal saline or the like. Alternatively, lyophilized bendamustine HCl can be reconstituted, combined with sufficient solubilizer blends as described herein and administered in accordance with the inventive methods. In such embodiments, the actual amount delivered to the patient will be slightly more than the diluent amount so as to allow for the addition of the drug/ solubilizer vehicle.
  • In some aspects of the invention, there are provided liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) at a dose of about 100mg/m2. The small volume infusions can be given as part of any treatment protocol for which bendamustine is included. Thus, the compositions described herein can be administered as part of a poly-pharmaceutical treatment regimen according to known protocols with the exception that the concentrated bendamustine compositions described herein are administered in smaller infusion volumes over significantly shorter administration periods. For example, some CLL treatment regimens can include administering the compositions described herein intravenously as part of about 100 ml infusions in about 15 minutes or less on days 1 and 2 of a 28 day cycle and repeating the cycle up to 6 times or longer if clinically appropriate. If 50 ml volumes are used to deliver the bendamustine, the time of administration is preferably about 10 minutes or less.
  • In other aspects of the invention, there are liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing the malignant disease of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at a dose of about 120mg/m2. In these aspects, the composition is administered intravenously as a 100 ml infusion in about 15 minutes or less on days 1 and 2 of a 21 day cycle for up to 8 cycles or longer if clinically appropriate. If 50 ml volumes are used to deliver the bendamustine, the time of administration is preferably about 10 minutes or less.
  • It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned dosages calculated in mg/m2 for purposes of body surface area (BSA) are consistent with the bendamustine HCl concentrations also described herein, i.e. 0.5 to 5.6 mg/ml. IV bolus administration of bendamustine- containing formulations in volumes which can be administered via syringe, e.g. about 50 milliliters, with therapeutic amounts of the drug in a concentration which does not exceed the vehicle solubility for the drug therein are disclosed (not claimed).
  • Further embodiments of the disclosure include liquid compositions for use in methods of treating or preventing a bendamustine-responsive condition in a subject such as a human. The methods may include administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains
    Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml)
    Bendamustine HCl 0.05 to 1.6
    Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 0.30 to 6.5
    Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 3.3 to 65
    Monothioglycerol 0.02 to 0.35
    NaOH 0.0 to 0.01
    over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 15 minutes to a subject in need thereof.
  • Bendamustine formulations containing the above ingredients are capable of delivering approximately 25 mg of the drug as the HCl salt in volumes of pharmaceutically acceptable diluent ranging from about 325 ml down to about 15 ml (the liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent.). For example (not claimed), 1 ml of a bendamustine HCl ready to use liquid available from Eagle Pharmaceuticals containing
    Ingredient Concentration (mg/ml)
    Bendamustine HCl 25
    PG 103.2
    PEG 400 1013.4
    Monothioglycerol 5
    NaOH 0.08
    is combined with 300 ml of a normal saline diluent to provide a final IV infusion containing 301 ml and a bendamustine final concentration of 0.08 mg/ml.
  • The measured solubility of the bendamustine HCl in the diluent/solubilizer combination (50 ml diluent plus 1 ml of 25 mg/ml bendamustine HCl and solubilizers, etc.) at room temperature was 10.5 mg/ml using normal saline and 14.2 mg/ml using half normal saline/dextrose. The solubility of the diluent/solubilizer combination far exceeded the bendamustine concentration, thus assuring the avoidance of precipitated drug prior to or during administration. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill, as the concentration of solubilizers increases with respect to the total volume in small administration doses, the solubility of the bendamustine is maintained.
  • In a related second embodiment of this aspect of the disclosure, the liquid compositions are for use in methods including administering less than or equal to 100 ml of the liquid composition (not claimed) which contains
    Ingredient Concentration Range (mg/ml)
    Bendamustine HCl 1.1 to 12.5
    Solubilizer 1 propylene glycol 4.5 to 51
    Solubilizer 2 PEG 400 45 to 500
    Monothioglycerol 0.2 to 2.5
    NaOH 0.0 to 0.04
    over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 15 minutes to a subject in need thereof. As was the case above, the administration time will decrease with the decrease in volume administered.
  • Bendamustine formulations containing the above ingredients are capable of delivering approximately 360 mg of the drug as the HCl salt in volumes of pharmaceutically acceptable diluent ranging from about 325 ml down to about 15 ml (the liquid compositions of the invention comprise about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent). As was the case above, the measured solubility of the bendamustine HCl in the diluent/solubilizer combination (1 ml drug + solubilizers, etc. and 50 ml diluent) at room temperature was 10.5 mg/ml using normal saline and 14.2 mg/ml using half normal saline/dextrose.
  • Instead of using only 1 ml of the above described Eagle 25 mg/ml bendamustine HCl ready to use liquid, 14.4 ml is combined with various amounts of diluent.
    Diluent Volume (ml) Final Volume (ml) Final Bendamustine Conc. (mg/ml)
    300 (not claimed) 314.4 1.15
    200 (not claimed) 214.4 1.68
    100 (not claimed) 114.4 3.15
    50 64.4 5.59
    30 (not claimed) 44.4 8.11
    15 (not claimed) 29.4 12.24
  • In each case, the solubility of the diluent/solubilizer combination exceeds the bendamustine concentration, thus assuring the avoidance of precipitated drug prior to or during administration.
    • EXAMPLES
  • The following examples serve to provide further appreciation of the invention but are not meant in any way to restrict the effective scope of the invention.
    • Example 1
  • The solubility of bendamustine HCl, obtained from two different sources, in 0.9% saline and 0.9% saline containing from different amounts of a non-aqueous solubilizer comprising a mixture of polyethylene glycol 400 and propylene glycol (in the volume proportion of 90:10) with and without 5 mg/ml monothioglycerol was determined at both room temperature (22-23°C) and at refrigerated temperature (5°C). Essentially, an excess of bendamustine HCl was added to solvents comprising of various volume percent of the non-aqueous solubilizer in 0.9% saline, and allowed to equilibrate with shaking for 30 minutes at room temperature, or for 24 hours at refrigerated temperature. At the end of the equilibration step, the suspensions were filtered through a 0.2 micron filter to remove undissolved bendamustine, and the filtrate solutions analyzed for bendamustine HCl content using a HPLC assay; quantification was performed against a bendamustine HCl reference standard. The solubility data are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Solubility of bendamustine HCl in 0.9% saline with various amounts of non-aqueous solubilizer (90:10 PEG400:PG with and without 5 mg/mL monothioglycerol (MTG))
    Dilution Fold Volume %of Normal Saline Volume% ofNon-aqueous Solubilizer Solubility ofbendamustine HCl (mg/mL) in 90:10 PEG 400/PG
    Room temperature 5°C
    API Source A API Source B* B API Source A
    n/a 100.0 0.0 3.461 3.304 1.175
    40 97.5 2.5 3.987 3.889 nd
    20 95.0 5.0 4.429 4.204 2.022
    13.3 92.5 7.5 nd 4.742 nd
    10 90.0 10.0 5.626 5.351 2.431
    8 87.5 12.5 nd 5.825 nd
    6.7 85.0 15.0 7.012 6.554 2.900
    5.7 82.5 17.5 nd 7.641 3.328
    5 80.0 20.0 8.642 8.492 3.824
    3.3 70.0 30.0 12.006 11.407 nd
    * solvent also contained 5 mg/ml monothioglycerol
    nd = not determined; API = active pharmaceutical ingredient
    • Example 2 (reference)
  • Bendamustine-containing compositions are prepared by adding 5 mg/ml of thioglycerol to a mixture containing 90% polyethylene glycol 400 and 10% propylene glycol. As indicated in the Table 2 below, NaOH may be added to the PEG in an amount sufficient to get apparent pH of greater than or equal to 6.5 as measured using the pH method outlined in the USP monograph for polyethylene glycol (PEG). Bendamustine (BDM) is then added to the sample to a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Table 2
    Formulation
    BDM-10 mg/mL Thioglycerol - 5 mg/mL PEG 400:PG (90:10) qs to 1 mL
    BDM - 10 mg/mL Thioglycerol - 5 mg/mL PEG 400:PG (90:10) qs to 1 mL (PEG 400 Treated with NaOH)
  • The compositions are then admixed with normal saline based on the total dose ofbendamustine HCl, which in turn is based on the patient body surface area (BSA) and the dosing regimen (100 mg/m2 for CLL and 120 mg/m2 for NLL; although dose modifications of 90, 60, 50, and 25 mg/m2 are possible, only the highest two dosing regimens are considered for illustrative purposes, as these result in the highest concentration ofbendamustine during infusion). The 100 ml infusion (not claimed) is then made by admixing the dose appropriate volume of the 10mg/ml solution with a 100 ml portion of normal saline to provide an infusible composition containing the appropriate dose of bendamustine (as the HCl salt) in the final admixture, which can be administered intravenously over about 15 minutes to a patient in need thereof.
  • As seen in Table 3, the concentrations of bendamustine (as HCl salt) and the corresponding volume percent of non-aqueous component are well below the corresponding solubilities at both room temperature and refrigerated temperature as detailed in Table 1. For example, for a 2.0 m2(average) patient dosed at 120 mg/m2, the final concentration of bendamustine HCl in a 100 ml admixture is 1.94 mg/mL. This is above the solubility of bendamustine HCl at refrigerated storage conditions in the absence of any non-aqueous components (1.175 mg/ml as shown in Table 1 for 100% normal saline), as would be the case with the currently approved Treanda™ product, thereby precluding preparation and storage of a 100 ml admixture volume at refrigerated conditions. However, the use of the non-aqueous bendamustine formulation described in this example results in the presence of 19.4% of the non-aqueous component in the final admixture, which improves the solubility to about 3.8 mg/mL (solubility of 3.824 mg/mL at 2-8°C with 20% non-aqueous component, as shown in Table 1). Therefore, the solubility with the non-aqueous formulation is well above the final concentration (of bendamustine HCl) of 1.94 mg/mL, allowing preparation and storage of the 100 ml admixture at refrigerated conditions. In this example, the room temperature solubilities in 100% normal saline and 80% normal saline (with 20% non-aqueous component) are about 3.3 mg/ml and 8.5 mg/ml, respectively (see Table 1), which are also well above the final concentration of 1.94 mg/ml. Therefore, 100 ml admixtures of the non-aqueous formulation described in the example may also be prepared and stored at room temperature. In addition, the non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine described in this example at Table 2 may be diluted into smaller infusion volumes ranging from 250 ml or less (the liquid compositions of the invention comprise about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent)), and stored at either room temperature or refrigerated temperature, with bendamustine continuing to remain in solution for extended periods of time as compared to currently available formulations. Table 3: Concentrations of bendamustine (BDM, as HCl salt) and corresponding volume % of non-aqueous (NA) component in the final admixture, for volumes ranging from 100 ml to 250 ml For 10 mg/mL Formulation
    BSA (m2) Admix. Volume 250 mL (not claimed) Admix. Volume 200 mL (not claimed)
    100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose 100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose
    BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp.
    1.00 0.38 3.8 0.46 4.6 0.48 4.8 0.57 5.7
    1.25 0.48 4.8 0.57 5.7 0.59 5.9 0.70 7.0
    1.50 0.57 5.7 0.67 6.7 0.70 7.0 0.83 8.3
    1.75 0.65 6.5 0.77 7.7 0.80 8.0 0.95 9.5
    2.00 0.74 7.4 0.88 8.8 0.91 9.1 1.07 10.7
    2.25 0.83 8.3 0.97 9.7 1.01 10.1 1.19 11.9
    2.50 0.91 9.1 1.07 10.7 1.11 11.1 1.30 13.0
    2.75 0.99 9.9 1.17 11.7 1.21 12.1 1.42 14.2
    3.00 1.07 10.7 1.26 12.6 1.30 13.0 1.53 15.3
    BSA (m2) Admix. Volume 150 mL (not claimed) Admix. Volume 100 mL
    100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose 100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose
    BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp.
    1.00 0.63 6.3 0.74 7.4 0.91 9.1 1.07 10.7
    1.25 0.77 7.7 0.91 9.1 1.11 11.1 1.30 13.0
    1.50 0.91 9.1 1.07 10.7 1.30 13.0 1.53 15.3
    1.75 1.04 10.4 1.23 12.3 1.49 14.9 1.74 17.4
    2.00 1.18 11.8 1.38 13.8 1.67 16.7 1.94 19.4
    2.25 1.30 13.0 1.53 15.3 1.84 18.4 2.13 21.3
    2.50 1.43 14.3 1.67 16.7 2.00 20.0 2.31 23.1
    2.75 1.55 15.5 1.80 18.0 2.16 21.6 2.48 24.8
    3.00 1.67 16.7 1.94 19.4 2.31 23.1 2.65 26.5
    • Example 3 (reference)
  • The procedures of Example 2 are repeated except that the dose appropriate volume of the 10 mg/ml bendamustine solution is diluted into 250 ml of normal saline. The final concentration of bendamustine in the 250 ml volume container ranges from about 0.05 mg/ml to about 1.3 mg/ml.
    • Example 4 (reference)
  • The approximately 100 ml bendamustine HCl infusion of Example 2 is administered to a patient in about 15 minutes.
    • Example 5
  • Bendamustine-containing compositions may be prepared by adding 5 mg/ml of thioglycerol to 90% polyethylene glycol 400 and 10% propylene glycol. As indicated in the Table 4 below, NaOH may be added in an amount sufficient to get apparent pH of greater than or equal to 6.5 as measured using the pH method outlined in the USP monograph for polyethylene glycol (PEG). Bendamustine is then added to the sample to a concentration of 25 mg/ml as indicated in Table 4 below. Table 4
    Formulation
    BDM -25 mg/mL
    Thioglycerol - 5mg/mL PEG
    400:PG (90:10) qs to 1 ml
    BDM - 25 mg/mL
    Thioglycerol - 5mg/mL PEG
    400:PG (90:10) qs to 1 mL (PEG 400 Treated with NaOH)
  • The compositions are then admixed with normal saline based on the total dose of bendamustine HCl, which in turn is based on the patient body surface area (BSA) and the dosing regimen (100 mg/m2 for CLL and 120 mg/m2 for NLL; although dose modifications of 90, 60, 50, and 25 mg/m2 are possible, only the highest two dosing regimens are considered for illustrative purposes, as these result in the highest concentration ofbendamustine during infusion). Table 5 below provides the final concentration of bendamustine (as the HCl salt) in the final admixture, for volumes ranging from 250 ml to 50 ml (in the invention, the composition contains about 50mL of a diluent).
  • As seen in Table 5, the concentrations of bendamustine (as HCl salt) and the corresponding volume percent of non-aqueous component are well below the corresponding solubilities at room temperature as detailed in Table 1, for all admixture volumes up to 50 ml. For example, for a 2.0 m2(average) patient dosed at 120 mg/m2, the final concentration of bendamustine HCl in a 50 ml admixture is 4.03 mg/ml. This is above the solubility of bendamustine HCl at both refrigerated and room temperature conditions in the absence of any non-aqueous components (1.175 mg/ml at 2-8°C and 3.304-3.461 mg/ml at room temperature, as shown in Table 1 for 100% normal saline), as would be the case with the currently approved Treanda product, thereby precluding preparation and storage of a 50 ml admixture volume. However, the use of the non-aqueous bendamustine formulation described in this example results in the presence of 16.1% of the non-aqueous component in the final admixture, which improves the room temperature solubility to about 6.5 mg/ml (solubility of 6.554 mg/ml and 7.012 mg/ml with 15% non-aqueous component, as shown in Table 1). Therefore, the solubility with the non-aqueous formulation is well above the final concentration (of bendamustine HCl) of 4.03 mg/mL, allowing preparation and storage of the 100 ml admixture at room temperature conditions. Therefore, the non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine described in this example may be diluted into smaller infusion volumes ranging from 250 ml or less (in the invention, the composition contains about 50mL of a diluent), with bendamustine continuing to remain in solution if maintained at room temperature. However, at refrigerated temperatures, the concentrations of bendamustine (as HCl salt) and the corresponding volume percent of non-aqueous component exceed the corresponding solubilities as detailed in Table 1, for all admixture volumes equal to or below 150 ml. In the scenario above, the solubility at refrigerated conditions with 15% non-aqueous component has improved to 2.9 mg/ml but is still below the final concentration of 4.03 mg/ml. Therefore, 50 ml admixtures of the non-aqueous formulation described in the example cannot be prepared and stored at refrigerated temperatures. However, for a 150 ml admixture, the final concentration of bendamustine HCl in this scenario is 1.5 mg/ml with about 6.0% non-aqueous component, which is below the solubility limit (of 2.022 mg/ml at 5% non-aqueous at 2-8°C). Therefore, the non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine described in this example may be diluted into smaller infusion volumes ranging from 250 ml to 50 ml (the liquid compositions of the invention contain about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent), and stored at only room temperature (but not refrigerated temperature), with bendamustine continuing to remain in solution. For storage at refrigerated temperatures, the minimum admixture volume that can be used is 150 ml or higher. Table 5: Concentrations of bendamustine (BDM, as HCl salt) and corresponding volume % of non-aqueous (NA) component in the final admixture, for volumes ranging from 100 ml to 250 ml For 25 mg/mL Formulation
    BSA (m2) Admix. Volume 250 mL (not claimed) Admix. Volume 200 mL (not claimed)
    100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose 100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose
    BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp.
    1.00 0.39 1.6 0.47 1.9 0.49 2.0 0.59 2.3
    1.25 0.49 2.0 0.59 2.3 0.61 2.4 0.73 2.9
    1.50 0.59 2.3 0.70 2.8 0.73 2.9 0.87 3.5
    1.75 0.68 2.7 0.81 3.3 0.85 3.4 1.01 4.0
    2.00 0.78 3.1 0.92 3.7 0.96 3.8 1.15 4.6
    2.25 0.87 3.5 1.04 4.1 1.08 4.3 1.28 5.1
    2.50 0.96 3.8 1.15 4.6 1.19 4.8 1.42 5.7
    2.75 1.05 4.2 1.25 5.0 1.30 5.2 1.55 6.2
    3.00 1.15 4.6 1.36 5.4 1.42 5.7 1.68 6.7
    BSA (m2) Admix. Volume 150 mL (not claimed) Admix. Volume 100 mL (not claimed)
    100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose 100 mg/m2 dose 120 mg/m2 dose
    BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone (mg/ml) %NA comp.
    1.00 0.65 2.6 0.78 3.1 0.96 3.8 1.15 4.6
    1.25 0.81 3.2 0.96 3.8 1.19 4.8 1.42 5.7
    1.50 0.96 3.8 1.15 4.6 1.42 5.7 1.68 6.7
    1.75 1.11 4.5 1.33 5.3 1.64 6.5 1.94 7.7
    2.00 1.27 5.1 1.50 6.0 1.85 7.4 2.19 8.8
    2.25 1.42 5.7 1.68 6.7 2.06 8.3 2.44 9.7
    2.50 1.56 6.3 1.85 7.4 2.27 9.1 2.68 10.7
    2.75 1.71 6.8 2.02 8.1 2.48 9.9 2.92 11.7
    3.00 1.85 7.4 2.19 8.8 2.68 10.7 3.15 12.6
    BSA (m2) Admix. Volume 50 mL
    100 m2/m2 dose 120 m2/m2 dose
    BDM Conc (mg/ml) %NA comp. BDM Cone %NA comp.
    1.00 1.85 7.4 2.19 8.8
    1.25 2.27 9.1 2.68 10.7
    1.50 2.68 10.7 3.15 12.6
    1.75 3.07 12.3 3.60 14.4
    2.00 3.45 13.8 4.03 16.1
    2.25 3.81 15.3 4.44 17.8
    2.50 4.17 16.7 4.84 19.4
    2.75 4.51 18.0 5.22 20.9
    3.00 4.84 19.4 5.59 22.4
    • Example 6 (reference)
  • The hemolytic potential of the non-aqueous bendamustine formulation indicated in Table 4 (Example 5), when admixed with 250 ml and 100 ml of normal saline, was assessed . The hemolysis study was conducted at the highest final bendamustine HCl concentrations expected at these admixture volumes, namely, for a 3.0 m2 patient dosed at 120 mg/m2 . At this dosing, the final bendamustine HCl concentration for 250 ml and 100 ml admixture volumes is 1.36 mg/ml and 3.15 mg/ml, respectively (Table 5). Human whole blood (1 ml) was incubated at 37°C for approximately 30 minutes with admixed bendamustine HCl solutions at 1.4 mg/ml or 3.2 mg/ml at blood to drug solution volumetric ratios of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. These volumetric ratios correspond to infusion times of 15 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively, for the 250 ml and 100 ml admixture volumes. A placebo of the bendamustine formulation (without the active ingredient) was also evaluated at these concentrations and volumetric ratios. A positive control (1% saponin solution), a negative control (normal saline), and Treanda™ diluted in normal saline to the highest concentration stated in the prescribing information (0.6 mg/ml) were included in the study. Following incubation and centrifugation of the samples, the plasma was harvested and hemolysis was evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis for hemoglobin in the supernatant. The results are summarized in Table 6. No hemolysis was observed with the non-aqueous bendamustine formulation when diluted with saline at either concentration or volumetric (blood:drug solution) ratios, or with the corresponding placebo at comparable sample volumes; supernatants from all samples were light yellow. In conclusion, no hemolytic effects are observed with non-aqueous bendamustine formulations when diluted to smaller volumes (100 to 250 ml) and infused in shorter times (10-15 minutes) than current practice. Table 6: Hemolytic Potential test results
    Mixture Hemoglobina(mg/dL) Test Result Supernatant Colorb Tube No.
    Human blood plus:
    Test Article A (25 mg/mL, diluted to 3.2 mg/mL with saline)- 100 ml admixture
    1 N Light yellow 1
    0 N Light yellow 2
    1 N Light yellow 3
    Test Article A (25 mg/mL, diluted to 1.4 mg/mL with saline)-250 ml admixture (reference)
    2 N Light yellow 4
    1 N Light yellow 5
    1 N Light yellow 6
    Test Article A Vehicle (Placebo, diluted with 100 ml saline) (reference)
    0 N Light yellow 7
    1 N Light yellow 8
    0 N Light yellow 9
    Test Article A Vehicle (Placebo, diluted with 250 ml saline) (reference)
    1 N Light yellow 10
    4 N Light yellow 11
    1 N Light yellow 12
    Treanda™ (5 mg/mL, diluted to 0.6 mg/mL with saline) (reference)
    3 N Light yellow 43
    4 N Light yellow 44
    2 N Light yellow 45
    Negative Control (normal saline) (reference)
    9 N Yellow 55
    5 N Yellow 56
    3 N Yellow 57
    Positive Control (1% Saponin)c (reference)
    5949 p Red 58
    5974 p Red 59
    6386 p Red 60
    N = Negative, no hemolysis. NA=
    Not applicable.
    P = Positive, hemolysis.
    a Hemoglobin index of the mixture supernatants.
    b Plasma separated from whole blood plasma.
    c 1% Saponin. Saponin is a hemolytic agent used to lyse erythrocytes.
    • Example 7 (reference)
  • The local tolerance (intravenous (IV) and perivascular (PV)) of the non-aqueous bendamustine-containing composition indicated in Table 4 (Example 5), when admixed with 100 ml of normal saline and infused over 10 minutes, was assessed. New Zealand White rabbits (3 males [IV] and 2 males [PV]) received a single dose of bendamustine formulation (admixed with 100 ml saline to a final concentration of 3.2 mg/ml bendamustine HCl) and corresponding placebo in the left and right ear, respectively. The formulation was administered as either intravenous infusion (5 mg/kg in 10 minutes), or perivascular injection (250 µl) to determine local tolerance. Treanda™ reconstituted and admixed with normal saline to a final concentration of 0.6 mg/ml (the highest concentration stated in the label) was also studied either as a 30 minute IV infusion (the shortest infusion time stated in the label), as well as perivascular injection (250 µl). Animals were held for a 96 hour (post-dose) observation period. During the observation period, dermal scores were recorded for all administration sites. At the end of the observation periods, animals were euthanized and a macroscopic and microscopic examination of both ears was performed. Parameters evaluated during the study were: viability, clinical observations, body weights, macroscopic observations and microscopic pathology.
  • The results of the local tolerance study are summarized in Table 7 (in life dermal observations) and Table 8 (microscopic pathology for perivascular administration).
    • In life dermal observations:
  • As seen in Table 7, there was transient, dermal irritation in the form of slight to moderate erythema and moderate edema noted between 24 and 72 hours post dose, in each of the groups receiving either bendamustine-containing formulations or placebo material intravenously. At 96 hours, irritation was limited to a few individual sites treated with test or placebo articles. Only a limited number of animals were affected, and there was no consistent pattern of irritation within a dose group (either for test article or placebo). The bendamustine formulations were considered not to produce dermal irritation when administered intravenously.
  • Perivascular administration of bendamustine formulations (0.25 ml injection volume) produced dermal irritation in all groups. Local signs of dermal irritation following perivascular administration were mostly characterized by slight (group 6 - Treanda™) or slight to moderate (group 7 - non aqueous bendamustine formulation of example 5) erythema, and slight edema (groups 7). The severity of the irritation observed correlated with the dose and/or concentration of the test article administered, with placebo groups generally showing a lesser level of irritation than the corresponding test-article formulation. Table 7: Summary of in life dermal observations
    Material - Left ear/Right ear Dermal observations during 96 hour post dose period (incidence and most severe level of erythema and edema noted)
    Left ear (Bendamustine-containing formulation) Right ear (Placebo material)
    Intravenous administration
    Group 1: Treanda™ diluted to 0.6 mg/ml in saline/Treanda Placebo - 500 ml admixture - (2/3) Slight
    Group 2: Non-aqueous bendamustine formulation 25 mg/ml diluted to 3.2 mg/ml in saline/placebo (+saline) - 100 ml admixture - (1/3) Moderate
    Perivascular administration
    Group 6: Treanda™ diluted to 0.6 mg/ml in saline/Treanda™ Placebo - 500 ml admixture (1/2) Slight (1/2) Slight
    Group 7: Non-aqueous bendamustine formulation 25 mg/ml diluted to 3.2 mg/ml in saline/placebo (+saline) - 100 ml admixture (2/2) Moderate (2/2) Slight
    • Microscopic pathology:
  • Intravenous administration of test articles/placebos was generally well tolerated; no test article related effects were observed. Perivascular administration of bendamustine-containing formulations (including Treanda™) was associated with dose and/or concentration related minimal to marked edema/collagen degeneration and mixed inflammation in perivascular tissues. The non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine (Group 7) was nominally more severe in grade than Treanda™ (Group 6). Table 8: Incidence and Average Severity of Microscopic Findings at Perivascular Sites
    Formulation Treanda™ (diluted to 0.6 mg/ml)/ Treanda™ Placebo Non Aqueous Bendamustine (diluted to 3.2 mg/ml)/Placeb o
    Group number 6 7
    No. Animals examined 2 2
    RIGHT EAR (RE) - Placebo Incidence (Average Severity)*
    RE Injection site
    Hemorrhage 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Mixed Inflammation 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Edema/Collagen Degeneration 1 (0.5) 0 (0.0)
    Degeneration/Inflammation, Vascular 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    RE 2 cm distal
    Edema/Collagen Degeneration 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Degeneration/Inflammation, Vascular 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    RE 4 cm distal
    Degeneration/Inflammation, Vascular 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    LEFT EAR (LE) - Test Article Incidence (Average Severity)
    LE Injection site
    Hemorrhage 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Mixed inflammation 0 (0.0) 2 (2.0)
    Edema/Collagen Degeneration 1 (1.0) 2 (1.5)
    Epidermis, Crust/Pustule. Erosion/Ulceration 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Degeneration/Inflammation, Vascular 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5)
    LE 2 cm distal
    Hemorrhage 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Mixed Inflammation 1 (0.5) 1 (1.0)
    Edema/Collagen Degeneration 0 (0.0) 2 (2.0)
    Epidermis, Crust/Pustule. Erosion/Ulceration 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Degeneration/Inflammation, Vascular 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    LE 4 cm distal
    Hemorrhage 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Mixed inflammation 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5)
    Edema/Collagen Degeneration 0 (0.0) 1 (2.0)
    Epidermis,Crust/Pustule, Erosion/Ulceration 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    Degeneration/Inflammation, Vascular 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
    *The number in parentheses represents the average severity score; the total of severity scores of the findings divided by the number of animals in the group.
    • Conclusion:
  • No test-article related irritation effects were observed for the non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine via the IV route, indicating that proper administration of this formulation did not result in any adverse local reaction. Perivascular administration of the non-aqueous bendamustine formulation, which is primarily related to effects that may occur if extravasation should occur, resulted in irritation that was generally comparable to Treanda. Therefore, the non-aqueous formulation of bendamustine described herein is well tolerated, despite the higher concentration of the smaller infusion volume preparation.
    • Example 8
  • The chemical stability of the non-aqueous bendamustine formulation (25 mg/ml) indicated in Table 4 (Example 5), when admixed with 50 ml and 100 ml of normal saline, was assessed. For each admixture volume, the admixture solutions were prepared at the expected lowest concentration (corresponding to a 1.0 m2 patient dosed at 25 mg/m2) and the highest concentration (corresponding to a 3.0 m2 patient dosed at 120 mg/m2) of bendamustine HCl in the final admixture. For the 50 ml admixture volume, the tested minimum and maximum concentrations are about 0.5 mg/ml and 6.0 mg/ml, respectively. For the 100 ml admixture volume, the tested minimum and maximum concentrations are about 0.25 mg/ml and 3.2 mg/ml, respectively. The chemical stability of Treanda™ was also determined at the lowest (0.2 mg/ml) and the highest (0.6 mg/ml) admixed concentrations stated in the label. The chemical stability was monitored at room temperature at periodic intervals up to 24 hours using a validated HPLC assay. The results are summarized in Table 9. Table 9: Dilution (Admixed) Stability of Bendamustine Formulations in Normal Saline at Room Temperature
    Attribute Highest Concentration (3.2 mg/ml) Lowest Concentration (0.25 mg/ml)
    Time Initial 1 hr 3 hrs 6 hrs 24 hrs Initial 1 hr 3 hrs 6 hrs 24 hrs
    Formulation Non Aqueous Bendamustine Formulation 25 mg/ml admixed with 100 ml normal saline
    Assay (mg/ml) 3.155 3.090 3.060 3.085 2.895 0.240 0.234 0.229 0.224 0.196
    Assay (% Initial) 100.0 97.9 97.0 97.8 91.8 100.0 97.5 95.4 93.3 81.7
    Impurity - MCE (%) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ ND ND ND ND ND
    Impurity - HP1 (%) 0.244 0.606 1.237 2.236 6.707 0.525 1.449 3.495 5.529 13.424
    Impurity - Dimer (%) BLQ BLQ BLQ 0.068 0.158 ND ND ND BLQ 0.063
    Single unknown (%) 0.086 0.061 BLQ BLQ 0.098 ND ND ND ND BLQ
    Total (%) 0.33 0.67 1.24 2.30 6.96 0.58 1.45 3.50 5.53 13.49
    Attribute Highest Concentration (6.4 mg/ml) Lowest Concentration (0.5 mg/ml)
    Time Initial 1 hr hrs 6 hrs 24 hrs Initial 1 hr 3 hrs 6 hrs 24 hrs
    Formulation Non Aqueous Bendamustine Formulation 25 mg/ml admixed with 50 ml normal saline
    Assay (mg/ml) 6.62 6.60 6.60 6.54 6.46 0.475 0.470 0.455 0.445 0.394
    Assay (% Initial) 100.0 99.7 99.7 98.8 97.8 100.0 98.9 95.8 93.7 82.9
    Impurity - MCE (%) BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ 0.074 BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ BLQ
    Impurity - HP1 (%) 0.137 0.265 0.528 0.945 2.967 0.567 1.618 3.719 5.892 14.427
    Impurity - Dimer (%) BLQ BLQ BLQ 0.050 0.110 BLQ BLQ BLQ 0.065 0.115
    Single unknown (%) 0.112 0.105 0.086 0.054 0.112 0.057 BLQ ND ND ND
    Total (%) 0.25 0.37 0.61 1.05 3.36 0.67 1.62 3.72 5.96 14.54
    Attribute Highest Concentration (0.6 mg/ml) Lowest Concentration (0.2 mg/ml)
    Time Initial 1 hr 3 hrs 6 hrs 24 hrs Initial 1 hr 3 hrs 6 hrs 24 hrs
    Formulation Treanda™ 5 mg/ml admixed with 500 ml normal saline
    Assay (mg/ml) 0.566 0.558 0.544 0.527 0.454 0.193 0.191 0.185 0.178 0.154
    Assay (% Initial) 100.0 98.6 96.1 93.1 80.2 100.0 99.0 95.9 92.2 79.8
    Impurity - MCE (%) 0.263 0.261 0.268 0.262 0.263 0.261 0.288 0.277 0.250 0.276
    Impurity - HP1 (%) 1.250 2.248 4.730 7.287 16.887 1.231 2.241 4.770 7.462 17.504
    Impurity - Dimer (%) 0.223 0.229 0.269 0.279 0.326 0.188 0.185 0.178 0.176 0.252
    Single unknown (%) 0.103 0.103 0.101 0.097 0.081 0.077 0.079 0.103 0.083 0.066
    Total (%) 1.97 2.97 5.50 8.04 17.66 1.85 3.01 5.41 8.07 18.27
    MCE - monochloroethyl derivative; HP1 - mono hydroxyl bendamustine
  • As shown in Table 9, Treanda™ when prepared as directed in the label (final concentration between 0.2-0.6 mg/ml) shows total degradation of about 5-6% in 3 hours at room temperature (corresponding to the room temperature stability claim in the label); monohydroxy bendamustine is the main degradant. In contrast, the non-aqueous bendamustine formulations admixed in either 50 ml or 100 ml saline show total degradation of less than 5-6% over 6 hours at the lowest concentrations tested, indicating that these admixtures are significantly less prone to degradation. This stabilizing effect is particularly pronounced at the higher concentrations (which are more typical), with chemical stability evident for 24 hours at these concentrations. The non-aqueous formulations of bendamustine thus offer better chemical stability than Treanda™ when admixed into smaller volumes.

Claims (9)

  1. A liquid composition containing:
    a) from 0.5 to 5.6 mg/ml of bendamustine hydrochloride;
    b) a solubilizer comprising polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, wherein the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 90:10 to 85:15;
    c) an antioxidant; and
    d) about 50mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent;
    for use in a method of treating or preventing cancer or malignant disease in a subject, comprising parenterally administering said liquid composition over a substantially continuous period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes to a subject in need thereof, as part of an intravenous infusion, wherein:
    (i) the cancer or malignant disease is chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the amount of bendamustine administered to the subject is about 100 mg/m2 body surface area; or
    (ii) the cancer or malignant disease is indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the amount of bendamustine administered to the subject is about 120 mg/m2 body surface area.
  2. The liquid composition for use of claim 1, wherein the subject is human.
  3. The liquid composition for use of claim 1, wherein the amount of solubilizer is from 2.0 to 22.4% vol.
  4. The liquid composition for use of claim 1, where the polyethylene glycol is PEG 400.
  5. The liquid composition for use of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 90:10, or the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 85:15.
  6. The liquid composition for use of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is monothioglycerol.
  7. The liquid composition for use of claim 1, wherein the parenterally acceptable diluent is selected from the group consisting of water for injection, 0.9% saline (normal saline), 0.45% saline (half normal saline), and 2.5 dextrose/0.45% saline.
  8. A liquid composition comprising 25 mg/ml of bendamustine hydrochloride in a solubilizer comprising polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, wherein the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 90:10 to 85:15; for use in a method of treating or preventing cancer or malignant disease in a subject according to any of claims 1-7; wherein the method comprises diluting the liquid composition comprising 25 mg/ml of bendamustine hydrochloride in 50 mL of a parenterally acceptable diluent to form the liquid composition according to any of claims 1-7 comprising about 0.5 mg/ml to about 5.6 mg/ml of bendamustine hydrochloride and parenterally administering said liquid composition according to any of claims 1-7.
  9. A concentrated, ready to use liquid formulation containing 25 mg/ml bendamustine HCl and admixed with sufficient solubilizer comprising polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, wherein the weight ratio of polyethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 90:10 to 85:15, for use in a method of treating or preventing cancer or malignant disease in a subject according to any of claims 1-7; wherein the method comprises transferring the liquid formulation to a suitable fixed volume diluent container; and wherein the method comprises parenterally administering a liquid composition according to any of claims 1-7.
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