EP2827441A1

EP2827441A1 - Directional coupler

Info

Publication number: EP2827441A1
Application number: EP12871488.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Kenichi HASUIKE; Hiromu ITAGAKI
Original assignee: Toshiba Corp
Current assignee: Toshiba Corp
Priority date: 2012-03-14
Filing date: 2012-09-14
Publication date: 2015-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-14
Also published as: CN104137328A; CN104137328B; WO2013136557A1; JP5439527B2; EP2827441B1; EP2827441A4; JP2013192084A

Abstract

A directional coupler according to the present embodiment includes a dielectric substrate (10), a main line (11) formed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate (10), a sub-line (12) formed on the front surface or the rear surface of the dielectric substrate (10) and placed with a predetermined gap from the main line (11) in the plan view of the dielectric substrate (10), and an opening (14) provided between the main line (11) and the sub-line (12) through the dielectric substrate (10).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The embodiment of the present invention relates to a directional coupler used in a power amplifier for high-power transmission in a digital television transmitter.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A directional coupler is conventionally provided using a microstrip line structure. A pattern of a main line and a pattern of a sub-line (a directional coupler) are formed on the front surface of a dielectric substrate which has a conductive ground on its rear surface. A coupled line which partly constitutes the sub-lines has an appropriate length, and is formed on the substrate in a manner such that there is a micro-space from the main line.
It is known that the length of a coupled line (a distance between a coupling port and an isolation port) is generally a quarter-wavelength (λ/4) of a transmit signal detected from a main line in order to obtain optimal directivity. However, a quarter-wavelength (λ/4) in the UHF band is long, and thus, a circuit tends to be large. To avoid this, a loop-coupled line having an appropriate length shorter than a quarter-wavelength (λ/4) is often used despite a certain level of degradation in directivity.

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 7-336117

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

TECHNICAL PROBLEM

An output power level on a transmission path is high in an apparatus of transmitting a high-power signal, such as a power amplifier for a digital television transmitter, therefore, during the detection of high-power, the directivity (isolation property) of a directional coupler is of great concern. Thus, a compact-size directional coupler that is capable of improving directivity has been desired.
The purpose of the present embodiment is to provide a directional coupler with high directivity and in a compact size.

SOLUTION TO PROBLEM

The directional coupler according to the present embodiment includes a dielectric substrate, a main line formed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, a sub-line formed on the front surface or the rear surface of the dielectric substrate and placed with a predetermined gap from the main line in the plan view of the dielectric substrate, and an opening provided between the main line and the sub-line through the dielectric substrate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the directional coupler according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the directional coupler illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a simulation result of the directional coupler shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the directional coupler according to a comparison example.
FIG. 5 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the directional coupler illustrated in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 shows a simulation result of the directional coupler shown in FIG. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In the following, the directional coupler according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the directional coupler according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1 shows an example of the directional coupler used in a high-power amplifier for a terrestrial digital television transmitter. FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view of the directional coupler illustrated in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view of the directional coupler with respect to the cross section A-A'. Note that a shield 15 is omitted in FIG. 1.
A main line 11 is arranged on the front surface of a dielectric substrate 10, and a sub-line 12 is formed on the rear surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and is placed with a predetermined space from the main line 11 in the plan view of the dielectric substrate. A ground surface 13 of the sub-line 12 is formed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10 in a manner such that the ground surface 13 is superposed on the sub-line 12. Taking power withstand characteristic into account, a suspended line structure is adopted for the main line 11 as the structure allows a wider line width. A microstrip structure is adopted for the sub-line 12. It is possible to arrange the sub-line 12 on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10 by replacing the sub-line 12 with the ground surface 13.
Furthermore, an opening 14 is provided between the main line 11 and the sub-line 12. The opening 14 is formed through the dielectric substrate 10. The width W and the length L of the opening 14, the distance D1 between the main line 11 and the opening 14, and the distance D2 between the opening 14 to the coupling line part of the sub-line 12 are optimized using electromagnetic field simulation.
Herein, the effect of the opening 14 is explained. The main line 11 and the sub-line 12 are arranged in a manner such that they are opposed to each other with the dielectric substrate 10 therebetween, and since the dielectric substrate 10 is surrounded by the air, the even-mode phase velocity is faster than the odd-mode phase velocity; as a result, directivity is degraded. In contrast, in the present embodiment the phase velocities of even and odd modes can be approximated by providing the opening 14 to eliminate part of the dielectric substrate 10. As a consequence, it is possible to improve directivity of the directional coupler.
FIG. 3 shows a simulation result of the directional coupler according to the present embodiment. As shown in the expression (1) below, directivity D of the directional coupler can be calculated by the difference of a coupling I of a coupling port P3 relative to an input port P1 and a coupling C of an isolation port P4 relative to an input port P1, i.e., $Directivity D = |I - C| [dB]$
It can be understood that if the directivity D is calculated by the expression (1) using the result shown in FIG. 3, the directivity of 31 dB or so can be obtained. "S2, 1" in FIG. 3 corresponds to I, and "S3, 1" corresponds to C.
Herein, the configuration of the directional coupler according to a comparison example is illustrated in FIG. 4 for the purpose of comparison with the present embodiment. FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view of the directional coupler shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5(b) is a cross-sectional view of the directional coupler with respect to the cross section B-B'. The directional coupler of the comparison example is the same as the directional coupler according to the present embodiment, except for the opening 14.
In FIG. 5 (a), the length of the coupled line is Lc (< λ/4), and a distance to the main line is Dc. Coupling is determined by Dc. Generally, a loop antenna-shaped lining which is shorter than λ/4 is widely used for the coupling line of a directional coupler. However, this leads to degradation of directivity of the directional coupler because the phase propagation velocities of even and odd modes are different. Moreover, directivity may be further degraded in a case of a weak connection due to a loose coupling.
FIG. 6 shows a simulation result of the directional coupler shown in FIG. 4. It can be understood that if the directivity D is calculated by the expression (1) using the result shown in FIG. 6, the directivity of 11 dB or so can be obtained.
Comparing FIG. 3 with FIG. 6, the directivity of the directional coupler according to the present embodiment is improved by 20 dB compared to the comparison example; accordingly, even if the coupled line part of the sub-line 12 is shorter than λ/4, sufficient directivity can be achieved. Therefore, it can be understood that directivity of the directional coupler can be improved by providing the opening 14.
As explained above, directivity can be improved in the present embodiment by providing an opening for adjustment between a main line and a sub-line. High directivity can be achieved even when a coupled line is shorter than λ/4. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a directional coupler with high directivity in a compact size.
As an example of one of the applications of the directional coupler according to the present embodiment, the directional coupler is provided in an output transmit path of a high power amplifier for a digital television transmitter in the UHF (ultra-high frequency) band. It is placed between a synthesized output and an output connector of a power amplifier to be used as a circuit for detecting an output level and a reflection level of an output power.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.

Claims

A directional coupler characterized by comprising:
a dielectric substrate;

a main line formed on a front surface of the dielectric substrate;

a sub-line formed on the front surface or a rear surface of the dielectric substrate, the sub-line being placed with a predetermined gap from the main line in the plan view of the dielectric substrate; and

an opening provided between the main line and the sub-line through the dielectric substrate.
The directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that a length of the sub-line is shorter than λ/4 with respect to a wavelength λ of a transmit signal detected at the main line.