EP2827269B1 - Verfahren zum Authentifizieren eines RFID-Tags - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Authentifizieren eines RFID-Tags Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2827269B1
EP2827269B1 EP13176875.6A EP13176875A EP2827269B1 EP 2827269 B1 EP2827269 B1 EP 2827269B1 EP 13176875 A EP13176875 A EP 13176875A EP 2827269 B1 EP2827269 B1 EP 2827269B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
password
rfid tag
tag
rfid
tid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13176875.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2827269A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Povolny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kapsch TrafficCom AG
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Kapsch TrafficCom AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority to EP13176875.6A priority Critical patent/EP2827269B1/de
Application filed by Kapsch TrafficCom AG filed Critical Kapsch TrafficCom AG
Priority to PL13176875T priority patent/PL2827269T3/pl
Priority to DK13176875.6T priority patent/DK2827269T3/en
Priority to SI201330117T priority patent/SI2827269T1/sl
Priority to PT131768756T priority patent/PT2827269E/pt
Priority to ES13176875.6T priority patent/ES2559264T3/es
Priority to CA2853426A priority patent/CA2853426C/en
Priority to US14/324,918 priority patent/US9495570B2/en
Priority to BR102014016952A priority patent/BR102014016952A2/pt
Priority to MX2014008391A priority patent/MX347878B/es
Publication of EP2827269A1 publication Critical patent/EP2827269A1/de
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Publication of EP2827269B1 publication Critical patent/EP2827269B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/44—Program or device authentication
    • G06F21/445—Program or device authentication by mutual authentication, e.g. between devices or programs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication
    • G06F21/42—User authentication using separate channels for security data
    • G06F21/43—User authentication using separate channels for security data wireless channels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/44—Program or device authentication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/45—Structures or tools for the administration of authentication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/45—Structures or tools for the administration of authentication
    • G06F21/46—Structures or tools for the administration of authentication by designing passwords or checking the strength of passwords
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10366—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for authenticating an RFID tag with the aid of an RFID reader via a radio interface between the latter, wherein a user-specific key is stored in the RFID reader and a tag-specific identifier and an identifier and the key in the RFID tag Password generated after a known derivation function is stored.
  • RFID tags radio frequency identification tags or transponders
  • EPC Specification for RFID Air Interface
  • RFID Tags Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol for Communications at 860 MHz - 960 MHz, Version 1.2.0, October 23, 2008 , XP05509311
  • ETC electronic toll collection
  • AVI automatic vehicle identification
  • Simple authentication protocols have already been implemented in the most widely used RFID tag standards, eg in the ISO standards 18000-6C and 18000-63. These authentication protocols are based on the use of the aforementioned password ("access password”), which is composed, on the one hand, of a secret key, known only to the user who issues the RFID tags, and a tag identifier stored individually in each tag. Only this password is stored in the respective day. From the mere knowledge of the password, the key can not be reconstructed, ie the derivation function (educational function) for the password is irreversible or not unambiguously reversible.
  • access password is composed, on the one hand, of a secret key, known only to the user who issues the RFID tags, and a tag identifier stored individually in each tag. Only this password is stored in the respective day. From the mere knowledge of the password, the key can not be reconstructed, ie the derivation function (educational function) for the password is irreversible or not unambiguously reversible.
  • an RFID reader wants to verify the authenticity of an RFID tag, it first reads out the tag-specific identifier from the RFID tag, With knowledge of the user-specific key, the password (access password) is created and sent to the RFID tag. The RFID tag checks the received password with the stored password and, in the case of equality, sends back a confirmation response to the RFID reader, see eg US 2010/0289627 A1 or WO 2008/085135 A1 ,
  • the invention sets itself the goal of making such a method for authenticating RFID tags safer in order to detect fraud attempts.
  • the invention is based on the Applicant's finding that the known authentication protocols could be compromised if the RFID tag is read out of a "real" tag and copied to another ("forged") tag, which - as it is not aware of the right password matching this tag ID - responds to receiving any password with a confirmation response.
  • Such fake tags can be realized in a very simple way by so-called “tag emulators”, which emulate the RFID protocol by means of a microcontroller, for example; this allows a targeted imitation of the behavior of a tag by a counterfeiter.
  • the Applicant has recognized that by repeatedly sending multiple passwords, at least one is "false", based on the reaction of the RFID tag can be found in a surprisingly simple way, whether it is a real or fake RFID tag.
  • the described authentication method requires no change to the RFID tag itself, so that conventional, standard-compliant RFID tags can continue to be used.
  • the sequence of correct and false passwords in the named sequence is chosen randomly, so that a fake tag does not expect a particular query sequence, e.g. can respond with a standardized answer sequence.
  • the transmission of the sequence can be aborted as soon as an acknowledgment response is received for an incorrect password in order to minimize the occupancy of the radio interface. For the same reason, it is also possible that the transmission of the sequence is aborted as soon as no confirmation response is received on a correct password, and the RFID tag is subsequently not authenticated.
  • a confirmation answer is not received for a correct password, this does not always necessarily indicate a fake RFID tag, it could also be just the radio interface interrupted because the RFID tag has left the radio range of the radio interface.
  • the last password of the sequence is always a correct password: If no acknowledgment response is received within a predetermined period of time, the radio interface is interrupted and possibly even before, in the case of a wrong one Password is broken so that the entire authentication process is discarded and the RFID tag is not authenticated.
  • the transmission of the sequence can be continued as long as the RFID tag is within radio range of the radio interface, so that a maximum number of password transmissions (right and wrong) are performed which minimizes the chances of success of a fraudulent RFID tag fraud.
  • Checking whether the RFID tag is still within radio range can be measured by radio queries emanating from the RFID reader; as soon as no answer is received on such a radio query, the radio range is obviously interrupted.
  • the identifier of an RFID tag which has once sent an acknowledgment response at an incorrect password may be blacklisted to take appropriate action. For example, after receiving the identifier of an RFID tag to be authenticated, it can be checked whether the received identifier is stored in the blacklist, and if so, the RFID tag is not authenticated and the method is aborted. Once identified as a fake RFID tag can then no longer be used.
  • the invention is suitable for all those communication standards between RFID tags and RFID readers that use the authentication protocol discussed above with access passwords, in particular for the ISO standards 18000-6C and 18000-63 or compatible standards, and requires no modification of RFID tags. This is particularly advantageous because RFID tags are a cost-effective mass product that is widely circulated in many forms by a wide variety of manufacturers and only has to meet the minimum requirements of that standard, such that a change in standards with respect to this minimum requirement for the one described here Authentication method is not required.
  • Fig. 1 shows an RFID tag (radio frequency identification tag) 1, which at a time t 1 via a radio interface 2 wireless communications with an RFID reader 3 handles.
  • the radio range of the radio interface 2 around the reader 3 is denoted by 4.
  • the tag 1 moves past the reader 3 in the direction of the arrow 5.
  • Dashed lines show three further positions of the tag 1 at successive times t 2 , t 3 , t 4 , to which further radio communications take place via the radio interface 2.
  • the content of the radio communications or data packets which are exchanged via the radio interface 2 between the tag 1 and reader 3 is of any type, and only those parts of the communication protocol via the radio interface 2 which deal with the authentication of the tag 1 will be described below deal with the reader 3.
  • Fig. 2 describes a day 1 according to the ISO standard 18000-6C or 18000-63. It goes without saying that the tag 1, the protocol on the radio interface 2 and the reader 3 can also be designed according to another standard providing the described authentication functionalities.
  • a tag 1 can be authenticated to a reader 3 having the user-specific key K i as follows.
  • step (a) of a process 13 in the reader 3 the tag identifier TID from the read-only, but publicly accessible memory area 7 via the radio interface 2 read out.
  • step (b) the key index i is read from the read-only, but publicly accessible memory area 8 via interface 2 and the corresponding key K i is retrieved from a key table 14 of the reader 3, which corresponds to the key table 12 of the user or initialization process 11 , If only a single key K is to be used, it is unnecessary to store and search for the key index i, ie step (b) is omitted.
  • the password PW is then sent in step (c) to a verification process 16 in day 1, which compares the received password PW with the stored in the protected, only accessible to the process 16 memory area 9 password PW. Only in the case of equality is a confirmation response ("handle") hdl sent back to the requesting reader 3 via the radio interface 2 in a step (d); the receipt of such a confirmation response in the reader 3 authenticates the tag 1 as authentic.
  • step (d) In order to prevent fraudulent attempts by means of counterfeit tags 1, which nevertheless always respond with an acknowledgment response hdl in step (d) in response to receipt of any password PW (ie not equal to password PW stored in area 9) in step (c) the following extensions of the described method.
  • the reader 3 In addition to the "correct" password PW, which is formed in the manner described on the basis of the user-specific key K i and the tag-specific identifier TID according to a known derivation rule, eg the hash method mentioned, the reader 3 generates some more "wrong" passwords PW f, j as indicated by block 18 in FIG Fig. 2 illustrated, for example controlled by a random number generator 19. The reader 3 now sends not only the "correct" password PW, hereinafter referred to PW r , to the day 1, but also at least one "wrong" password PW f, j .
  • Fig. 3 shows the response of a real, ie authentic tag 1 (TAG 1 ) to such a sequence 20 of password transmissions (c).
  • the 4 and 5 show the reaction of a counterfeit tags 1 (Day 2) 20 in the same sequence, the sequence 20 by way of example shown here is right (R) - false (F) - false (F) - right (R), ie PW r - PW f , 1 - PW f, 2 - PW r .
  • the real RFID tag TAG 1 responds only to correct passwords PW r with an acknowledgment answer hdl (d), whereas a fake RFID tag DAY 2 , TAG 3 always responds with an acknowledgment answer hdl (d), also at wrong passwords PW f, 1 , PW f, 2 .
  • the reader 3 now checks after - or during - the execution of the sequence 20, if this was also the correct sequence of responses (d) was obtained, ie in the exemplary sequence 20 "RFFR" a similar answer sequence "hdl - no answer - no answer - hdl ". If an acknowledge answer hdl is not received for an incorrect password PW f, j , tag 1 is authenticated (21), otherwise not (22).
  • the method can already be aborted and the tag 1 can be detected as non-authentic as soon as an acknowledgment response hdl is first obtained for an incorrect password PW f, j (23).
  • the process can be aborted and the Day 1 are detected for non-authentic if a proper password PW r - preferably within a time T - no confirmation response hdl is obtained see step 24 in Fig. 5 ,
  • the sequence of correct and incorrect passwords in the sequence 20 can be determined by the random number generator 19.
  • the number of correct and incorrect passwords PW r , PW f, j in the sequence 20 can be chosen arbitrarily large the more, the more secure the authentication process becomes.
  • At least a correct password PW r and a wrong password PW f in the sequence 20 are required. For example, as long as password queries (c) from the reader 3 to a day 1 sent so that the sequence 20 continues and the answers (d) are evaluated, as long as the day 1 is in radio range 4 of the reader 3.
  • the sequence 20 can also be set so short that the number of samples (c) in any case in the Period t 3 - t 1 finds place in which a day 1 at the speed 5 moves through the radio coverage area 4 of the reader 3.
  • the last password PW of the sequence 20 is always a correct password PW r , to which a confirmation response hdl can be expected.
  • tag tag TID of that tag 1 may be stored in a blacklist 25 in reader 3 or a connected device.
  • the blacklist 25 can already be consulted in step (a) when the tag identifier TID of a tag 1 to be authenticated is queried, whether the received tag TID occurs therein, and if so, tag 1 is immediately recognized as non-authentic become.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP13176875.6A 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Verfahren zum Authentifizieren eines RFID-Tags Active EP2827269B1 (de)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13176875T PL2827269T3 (pl) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Sposób uwierzytelniania etykiety RFID
DK13176875.6T DK2827269T3 (en) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING A RFID TAG
SI201330117T SI2827269T1 (sl) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Postopek avtentifikacije RFID-oznake
PT131768756T PT2827269E (pt) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Método para autenticar uma etiqueta rfid
ES13176875.6T ES2559264T3 (es) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Procedimiento para autentificar una etiqueta RFID
EP13176875.6A EP2827269B1 (de) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Verfahren zum Authentifizieren eines RFID-Tags
CA2853426A CA2853426C (en) 2013-07-17 2014-06-05 Method for authenticating an rfid tag
US14/324,918 US9495570B2 (en) 2013-07-17 2014-07-07 Method for authenticating an RFID tag
BR102014016952A BR102014016952A2 (pt) 2013-07-17 2014-07-09 método para autenticar uma etiqueta de rfid
MX2014008391A MX347878B (es) 2013-07-17 2014-07-09 Metodo para autenticar marcadores de rfid.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13176875.6A EP2827269B1 (de) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Verfahren zum Authentifizieren eines RFID-Tags

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2827269A1 EP2827269A1 (de) 2015-01-21
EP2827269B1 true EP2827269B1 (de) 2015-11-04

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EP13176875.6A Active EP2827269B1 (de) 2013-07-17 2013-07-17 Verfahren zum Authentifizieren eines RFID-Tags

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US (1) US9495570B2 (sl)
EP (1) EP2827269B1 (sl)
BR (1) BR102014016952A2 (sl)
CA (1) CA2853426C (sl)
DK (1) DK2827269T3 (sl)
ES (1) ES2559264T3 (sl)
MX (1) MX347878B (sl)
PL (1) PL2827269T3 (sl)
PT (1) PT2827269E (sl)
SI (1) SI2827269T1 (sl)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015089101A (ja) * 2013-09-26 2015-05-07 株式会社Ｎｔｔドコモ 移動局、移動通信システム及びネットワーク装置
US20170278330A1 (en) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for wireless vehicular access device authentication
WO2018165146A1 (en) 2017-03-06 2018-09-13 Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. Genuine filter recognition with filter monitoring system
CN110546639A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2019-12-06 维珍股份有限公司 利用基于用于防伪的密码更新运算法则的无线射频识别的正品认证服务系统及方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6097292A (en) * 1997-04-01 2000-08-01 Cubic Corporation Contactless proximity automated data collection system and method
JP4062985B2 (ja) * 2002-06-24 2008-03-19 株式会社日立製作所 電子タグ固有番号管理方法および管理サーバ
US7333001B2 (en) * 2002-11-23 2008-02-19 Kathleen Lane Secure personal RFID documents and method of use
US20050061875A1 (en) * 2003-09-10 2005-03-24 Zai Li-Cheng Richard Method and apparatus for a secure RFID system
US7750793B2 (en) * 2004-07-29 2010-07-06 Emc Corporation Methods and apparatus for RFID device authentication
US8917159B2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2014-12-23 CLARKE William McALLISTER Fully secure item-level tagging
WO2008085135A1 (en) * 2007-01-12 2008-07-17 Agency For Science, Technology And Research A method and system for marking and verifying an information tag
GB2494890B (en) * 2011-09-21 2015-09-30 Friendly Technologies Ltd Inventorying transponders

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX347878B (es) 2017-05-16
CA2853426C (en) 2020-10-27
ES2559264T3 (es) 2016-02-11
BR102014016952A2 (pt) 2015-11-03
MX2014008391A (es) 2015-03-31
EP2827269A1 (de) 2015-01-21
PT2827269E (pt) 2016-02-10
US9495570B2 (en) 2016-11-15
DK2827269T3 (en) 2016-02-08
SI2827269T1 (sl) 2016-02-29
CA2853426A1 (en) 2015-01-17
PL2827269T3 (pl) 2016-05-31
US20150022314A1 (en) 2015-01-22

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