EP2820963A1 - Le traitement thermique de tabac, chauffage, procédé et un appareil - Google Patents

Le traitement thermique de tabac, chauffage, procédé et un appareil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2820963A1
EP2820963A1 EP14175064.6A EP14175064A EP2820963A1 EP 2820963 A1 EP2820963 A1 EP 2820963A1 EP 14175064 A EP14175064 A EP 14175064A EP 2820963 A1 EP2820963 A1 EP 2820963A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heater
tobacco
cavity
absorber
tobacco material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14175064.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
David Østvand Pedersen
Jannick Møller Houman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roozstar ApS
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Roozstar ApS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roozstar ApS filed Critical Roozstar ApS
Publication of EP2820963A1 publication Critical patent/EP2820963A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F47/00—Smokers' requisites not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of heat-treating tobacco plant material, a heater, and an apparatus for heat-treating tobacco plant, in particular the invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing harmful substances from pre-manufactured tobacco material in smoke tobacco products such as in cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco.
  • Tobacco plants comprise taste and aroma substances that produce flavours that can stimulate the human sensory taste and smell nerve cells in the nose, mouth, or throat.
  • Taste sensations usually include sweet, sour, bitter, and salty.
  • taste in order to recognise a flavour, taste combines with texture, temperature, and odour. Perception of flavour varies for the individual user and the way the tobacco components are delivered.
  • Tobacco delivery systems comprise delivery of taste and aroma substances that primarily stimulate taste, smell, or both.
  • Delivery systems comprise smoke delivery and smoke-free delivery.
  • Smoke tobacco delivers taste and aroma substances through the mouth, nose, and throat.
  • Smoke-free tobaccos include snuff tobacco and chewing tobacco that deliver substances though the buccal cavity primarily stimulating taste.
  • Tobacco plants comprise substances that may be harmful to a human once delivered to the user.
  • tobacco plant material comprises 0.2-5% of nicotine. Nicotine causes addiction of users to consume tobacco.
  • the heat In combustion of tobacco material, the heat provides temperatures that depend on the tobacco and the combustion zone. In pipe tobacco combustion temperatures ranges from about 350 °C to about 650 °C whereas as in cigarettes the combustion temperatures ranges from about 450 °C to about 850 °C. In addition to production of combustion residues, at such temperatures, the heat causes evaporation of volatile ingredients from the tobacco material. Combustion particles disperse in the vapour of volatiles, which the delivery system delivers to the user.
  • Smoke tobacco products comprise products such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco. However, the pre-manufactured smoke tobacco products may not meet the expected smoke experience by the individual smoker.
  • Known apparatus for heat treatment of pre-manufactured tobacco materials for removal of volatile tobacco components comprise vaporizers that comprise heaters.
  • a vaporizer is a device wherein a heater heats an airflow that heats a tobacco material and provides a vapour of ingredients of the heated tobacco plant material which vapour is then delivered to a user.
  • the vaporizer operates at temperatures at typically 125-200 °C and drives off volatile ingredients without providing high-temperature combustion residues. The perception is that the high-temperature tobacco components and combustion residues above the vaporizer's temperature comprise harmful substances, which the user wish to avoid.
  • WO 2012/178028 discloses a vaporizer device that comprises a tobacco receptor adapted for receiving a tobacco plant material; an air inlet adapted for drawing in air; a heater adapted for heating drawn-in air; a passage adapted for passing the heated air through the tobacco receptor and, when in use, evaporate volatile ingredients from the plant material into the air flow; and a delivery means adapted for delivering the air flow and evaporated volatile tobacco components to the user.
  • a vaporizer device When operated at temperatures below the combustion temperature of the tobacco material this vaporizer device does not produce any smoke.
  • vaporizers provide an alternative delivery to delivery by smoking smoke tobacco that burns the tobacco material at temperature above the combustion temperature.
  • Smoked tobacco products provide flavours that vaporizers cannot provide.
  • vaporizers might reduce irritating toxic and carcinogenic high-temperature by-products produced in smoking tobacco, vaporizers do not reduce or avoid volatile tobacco components evaporated in the vaporizer's temperature range of operation. On the contrary, vaporizers operated at low-temperatures of 125-200 °C evaporate volatile tobacco components such as nicotine.
  • Known apparatus comprise heating elements of glass wherein the hot wire is wrapped around a glass tube, which then are left exposed. Touching such a thread with an electrically conductive work piece will cause an electric shock.
  • known apparatus are either digitally pre-programmed to control temperature, blower, pump and time, or they must be programmed correctly by pressing various buttons in one or more sequences that can be difficult for people to use.
  • the present invention provides a heater for treatment of tobacco material as defined in claim 1.
  • the heater comprises: (a) a cavity adapted for receiving tobacco material; (b) an electrical heater adapted for converting an electrical current into heat and further adapted for heating the cavity; and (c) an absorber adapted for absorbing volatile plant components from the cavity whereby, in use, volatile tobacco components can be evaporated from the tobacco material received in the cavity and absorbed in the absorber so that the evaporated volatile tobacco components are prevented from being re-absorbed into the heat-treated tobacco. Also, collection of liquid tobacco residue and water condensate in the cavity is reduced or avoided.
  • the cavity comprises any suitable cavity wherein a tobacco material to be heat-treated can be received.
  • a tobacco material to be heat-treated can be received.
  • the cavity is a longitudinally extending cavity having a diameter that encloses a pre-manufactured cigarette. It is preferred that as little free space is available as possible between the cavity wall and cigarette surface thereby reducing entrance of air and the risk of ignition of the tobacco material.
  • the cavity is incorporated into the absorber whereby the tobacco material to be heat-treated can be surrounded by the absorber in a location where the generated heat can effectively enter the tobacco material and evaporate off the volatile components which are then able to diffuse into the absorber.
  • the electrical heater is any suitable heater that is able to convert an electrical current into heat and concentrate the heat in the cavity where the tobacco to be heat-treated is received.
  • the electrical heater is incorporated into the absorber whereby there is obtained an intimate contact between the heater and absorber. Further, following a heat-treatment of a first tobacco material and before heat treatment of a second tobacco material, the electrical heater can be re-generated by heating the absorber to drive off absorbed volatile tobacco components.
  • the electrical heater comprises any suitable heating wire that produces heat in response to a current, e.g. a resistive conductor.
  • Particularly preferred heating wires comprise a material selected among the group consisting of: nickel-chromium alloys, e.g. NichromeTM and InconelTM; FeCrAl alloys e.g. KanthalTM.
  • the absorber is any suitable absorber for absorbing volatile tobacco components at the temperature of heat treatment that is able to prevent the evaporated volatile tobacco components from being re-absorbed in to the heat-treated tobacco material.
  • the absorber comprises a porous material that allows the volatile tobacco components to diffuse into the material.
  • the evaporated volatile tobacco components diffuse in and out of the absorber during the heat treatment.
  • a temperature gradient away from the electrical heater provides diffusion from a higher temperature in the absorber to a lower temperature, allowing transport of the absorbed components from a higher to a lower concentration.
  • the absorbed components can be retained in the absorber during the heat treatment.
  • the absorbed components can be driven off by a heat-treatment with an empty cavity.
  • the re-generation heat treatment comprises a heat treatment at a higher temperature and/or in a longer treatment time.
  • the absorber comprises gypsum or ceramics whereby it surprisingly turns out that the absorber can be prepared in a mouldable material that can be cast into a desirable shape, e.g. in a silicon mould.
  • the absorber is porous and allows absorption of water and other volatile tobacco components. It is also heat resistant.
  • a gypsum-based absorber can be produced cost effectively.
  • Gypsum is a mineral composed of calcium sulphate dihydrate, CaSO 4 ⁇ 2H 2 O. When heated to 150 °C water is driven off producing CaSO 4 ⁇ 0.5H 2 O. The dried gypsum powder is mixed with water to form a mixture which is cast into a desired form. The hydrated gypsum sets in the form forming calcium sulphate dehydrate again while giving off heat. Setting takes about 45 minutes. Full setting takes three days. Dried gypsum heated to above 200 °C forms gypsum anhydrite, CaS0 4 which will also take up water and re-form gypsum, CaSO 4 ⁇ 0.5H 2 O if mixed with water.
  • Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials formed by burning ceramic powders such as aluminium oxide mixed with water at temperatures up to 900-1000 °C. Another ceramic material is natural clay.
  • the absorber comprises a cylindrical body and a cavity having a thickness in the range 1-20 mm whereby the absorber encloses the heating wire of the electrical heater so that a user, e.g. during exchange of the heater, cannot touch any exposed part of the heating wire.
  • the thickness of the absorber has a upper limit determined by the effective absorption of the absorber and practical dimensions of the heater. Typically, the thickness is in the range 2-20 mm, preferably 3-15 mm, in particular 5-10 mm whereby a cavity, an electrical heater, and an absorber of sizes suitable for a portable heat-treatment apparatus for heat-treatment of cigarette-shaped tobacco products can be obtained
  • the absorption of a volatile tobacco component in the absorber depends on the diffusion properties of the component, i.e. the ability to transport volatile components from a high concentration to a region of low concentration, e.g. measured as the diffusion length.
  • the diffusion length is so that the concentration of volatile component has not propagated the extent of the absorber in the heat treatment time at the prevailing temperature, the component is absorbed. Otherwise, the component is transported partially or fully out the absorber. If the extent of the absorber is large compared to the diffusion length most of the evaporated volatile components will diffuse into the absorber and only few, if any, will diffuse out of the absorber. If the extent of the absorber is small, the volatile components will diffuse in and out leaving few volatile components in the absorber. It is within the skills of a skilled person to optimize the thickness of the absorber between these extremes.
  • the amount of absorber can be chosen by calibration of the weight gain/loss of the tobacco material and of the weight gain/loss of the absorber for different heating treatment times of the desired tobacco material in the cavity.
  • the weight loss depends on the heating time. At some heating time, the treated tobacco material exhibits a dryness and texture for which the user is satisfied.
  • the weight loss of the tobacco material corresponds to that which the absorber should be able to absorb, if all evaporated components are absorbed.
  • the amount of absorber and its absorption capacity evaporated tobacco components will be transported away from the absorber while heating is on. However, if the tobacco material is left for cooling, the tobacco may re-absorb some vapour from the absorber.
  • the heat-treated tobacco material is removed from the cavity while at an elevated temperature. If done manually, this is conveniently done for a tobacco material in a cigarette having a filter that can be used as a thermally insulated grip.
  • the absorber is provided with less absorption capacity so that non-absorbed evaporated volatile components diffuse from the heater and absorber into the surroundings. This might produce smells considered pleasant by the user.
  • Still another embodiment allow little, if any, vapour to become re-absorbed in the heat-treated tobacco material. Again, the user can calibrate the time of the heat treatment according to his preferences of the heat-treated tobacco material and the flavours that it generates.
  • volatile tobacco components include various chemical forms of the components.
  • nicotine is an oily liquid.
  • nicotine is a base that forms salts with acids, which are solids and usually watersoluble. Therefore, volatile component may be dissolved in water and evaporated together with the water.
  • the vapour of the evaporated tobacco components is a mixture of various physical phases, including gasses, vapours e.g. water vapour, aerosols, emulsions, particles, and more.
  • the method comprises: (a) providing a tobacco material in a cavity adapted for receiving tobacco material; (b) applying current to electrical heater adapted to provide heat to the cavity; (c) vaporizing volatile components of the tobacco material in the cavity; (d) absorbing evaporated volatile components in an absorber adapted for absorption of volatile tobacco components; (e) optionally cooling the heat-treated tobacco material in the cavity; and (f) removing the heat-treated tobacco material from the cavity, whereby volatile tobacco components can be evaporated from the tobacco and absorbed in an absorber so that the absorbed tobacco components are prevented from being re-absorb into the treated tobacco.
  • the method comprises desorbing the absorbed volatile tobacco components from the absorber by applying a current to the electrical heating without tobacco material present in the cavity whereby the absorber can be re-used and its lifetime increased.
  • the heat in the cavity provides temperatures range 100-400 °C, preferably 100-300 °C, more preferably 100-200 °C, in particular 125-200 °C whereby volatile tobacco components, e.g. nicotine is evaporated.
  • these temperatures are below the combustion temperature of most tobacco materials at standard pressure and temperature.
  • the tobacco material to be treated is a pre-manufactured smoke tobacco material selected from the group comprising one or more tobacco materials for cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus for heat-treating tobacco material as defined in claim 10.
  • the apparatus comprises (a) at least one cavity adapted for receiving the tobacco material; (b) an electrical heater adapted for converting an electrical current into heat and for heating the cavity; (c) an absorber adapted for absorbing volatile components in the cavity; and (d) an electrical power supply and control module whereby it is obtained that a portable apparatus for heat-treating tobacco material is obtained.
  • the heater and absorber are described in previous sections above. They are the components that are exposed to heat and consequently subject to ware. For maintenance of the apparatus, the electrical heater and absorber can be serviced by disassembling the respective parts.
  • the electrical heater and the absorber are replaceable.
  • evaporated volatile tobacco components are removed from the tobacco material and absorbed in the absorber.
  • volatile components are desorbed and driven off the absorber.
  • the thus heat-generated component can be discarded in any convenient way.
  • the components are let to a waste storage where they are stored for later disposal.
  • the apparatus further comprising a removable cover which comprises ventilation slots whereby the desorbed volatile tobacco components can be ventilated out of the apparatus through the ventilation slots. Further, heat is led away. Also, the cover provides protection that the user does accidentally touch the electrical heater when in operation.
  • Operation of the heater requires electrical power and control of when and how much current is applied to the electrical heater.
  • the electrical power supply and control module is adapted to apply a current for a pre-set heating time whereby it is obtained that the total heat provided can be pre-calibrated with respect to the applied current and heating time. This pre-calibrated total heat can be adjusted so that combustion of the tobacco material can be avoided.
  • the electrical power supply and control module further comprises computation means adapted to control the current to the electrical heater to provide at least one series of heating treatments and cooling whereby the tobacco material can be subjected to a pre-selected heating and cooling sequences. Thus, selected volatile tobacco components can be removed.
  • the electrical power supply and control module comprises temperature-controlling means adapted to control the current to the electrical heater to provide a temperature below the combustion temperature of the tobacco material to be heat-treated whereby it is ensured that the risk of burning the tobacco material is low.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic 3D view of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises housing walls 114, a base 115, a control module 117, and a removable cover 107 comprising ventilation slots 113 adapted to ventilate tobacco vapours from the heater inside the housing out though the cover.
  • a wall 114 comprises an opening 116 adapted for receiving a cigarette 11 into the heater 102 shown partially hidden behind the wall in the opening 116.
  • the control module 117 comprises a potentiometer 103 electronically connected to a control circuitry (not shown) for controlling the timing of the heater.
  • the control module comprises a start button 104 with a LED indicator connected to the control circuitry and adapted to indicate when a current is supplied to the heater.
  • the control circuitry is adapted to apply a current for a pre-set heating time.
  • the apparatus also comprises a stop button 106 connected to the control circuitry and adapted to stop application of current to the heater when activated.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic 3D exploded view of an embodiment of the replacement process of the heater 202.
  • the cover 207 is removed from the apparatus exposing the interior thereof.
  • the apparatus comprises a control module 217 arranged to comprise a power supply (not shown) for the heater and a control circuitry (not shown) adapted to control the current to the heater 202, and adapted to providing control signals to the start button 204 and LED indicator 205 and to receive manual signals from the stop button 206.
  • the control circuit comprises means for automatic control signals for one or more consecutive, fixed or variable start and stop sequences.
  • the control module is provided with a contact 224 adapted for connection to a suitable external power supply for the internal power supply for the heater and for control circuit, such as a 220 V to 12 V dc converter.
  • a suitable external power supply for the internal power supply for the heater and for control circuit, such as a 220 V to 12 V dc converter.
  • the control module can be supplied from a battery, e.g. a rechargeable battery bank.
  • the apparatus further comprises an electrical heater 202 having a cavity 225 adapted to receive a smoke tobacco product to be heat treated and comprising an absorber 222 adapted for absorbing volatile components evaporated from the tobacco product produced by heating the tobacco product. Further, the electrical heater comprises connection means adapted to electrically connect its two male contacts 219 to a contact fixture 218.
  • the apparatus also comprises a contact fixture 218 adapted to electrically communicate with the control module 217 and mounted on the base 215 so that manual exchange of the heater can be performed in a mechanically stable and operational safely way.
  • the contact fixture 218 comprises female contacts 208 adapted to connect with male contacts 219 of the heater 202 for replacement of the heater or for removal of the heater for service.
  • the contact fixture 218 further comprises connections for contact with female contacts 220 for connecting an additional heater module 30 to the apparatus, as seen in Fig. 3 , thereby increasing the capacity of the heat treatment.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic 3D view of an embodiment of the assembling process of an additional heater.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises cover plugs 310 of which one is removed from the opening 312 thereby allowing access to the female contact 220, see Fig. 2 , connected to the contact fixture 218 inside the apparatus.
  • the female contacts 220 receive the male contacts 311 for electrical connection and supply of power to the additional heater.
  • the control circuit senses the additional heater and adjust the supply of power accordingly.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic 3D view of an embodiment of a twin heater 402.
  • Two heat threads (not shown) are embedded in gypsum 422 providing two cylindrical cavities 425a and 425b for receiving two cigarettes 11a and 11 b, respectively, each prepared as further discussed for Fig. 5 .
  • the gypsum supports 423 comprising contacts (not shown) for fixation in the contact fixture 218 comprises more gypsum material, optionally reinforced, for mechanically stabilising the twin heater 402.
  • the twin heater is enclosed in an outer surface 407.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic longitudinal, cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of the heater, without gypsum.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic longitudinal, cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of the heater, with gypsum.
  • a heat thread is coiled into a longitudinal coil 521 with two male contacts 519 at its terminals.
  • the coil is embedded into gypsum 522 and adapted to provide an open cavity 525 in its centre.
  • a part of the gypsum 523 comprising the thread terminals and contacts 519 comprises more gypsum material for mechanically stabilizing the heater 502.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic longitudinal, cross-sectional side view along line B-B of the embodiment of the heater in operation shown in Fig. 8 .
  • the cavity 525 see Fig. 8 , comprises a cigarette 11.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic longitudinal, cross-sectional end view along line A-A of the embodiment of the heater in operation shown in Fig. 7 .
  • the cigarette 11 is heated and volatile components evaporate from the cigarette tobacco material and diffuse outwards through the gypsum.
  • the thickness d of the gypsum determines the amount of gypsum through which the vapour produced in the cavity can diffuse.
  • the thickness of the gypsum d can be determined by calibration of the amount of gypsum used in the manufacture of a heater and the amount of vapour absorbed for a given cigarette.
  • the thickness is not critical in the sense that non-absorbed vapour diffuses out in the surrounding air. This might even be desirable for the user because pleasant smells might spread in the room.
  • the heater After removal of the cigarette, the heater can be heated without a cigarette inserted in the cavity, thereby evaporating the volatile components absorbed in the gypsum and regenerating the heater for the heat treatment of a new cigarette. Once left for cooling the heat-treated cigarette is removed and stored for later use or for further processing including addition of desirable taste and smell substances.
  • the prior art problems can be overcome by using a heater wherein a hot-wire is embedded in gypsum and not in a glass or glazed ceramics. Due to the permeable gypsum, the heating element absorbs the condensate and moisture, which may be present as such. The heating element is manufactured with a fitting that prevents that flames can occur from the cigarette. To simplify the operation, the device not equipped with a temperature / air control, but instead it is solely controlled by setting the time on a rotating or sliding potentiometer, insert a cigarette in the heater, and finally press the start button.
  • the device is designed so that it may fits in a pocket, and it can either run on 220 V from the mains transformed to 12 V via adapter, or it can run on a 12 V battery bank manufactured for the purpose, so it can be used anywhere, without having to rely on a power supply.
  • the device is made of aluminium or plastic that is self-extinguishing, and therefore cannot burn or ignite.
  • Fig. 1 shows the apparatus
  • Fig. 2 shows the replacement of the heating element
  • Fig. 3 shows how an extra heater becomes engaged in its corresponding case.
  • the cigarette 11 When operating the apparatus of Fig. 1 , the cigarette 11 is inserted into the absorbing heater 102, then the time is set by a potentiometer 103, in order to activate the heater 102 the start button 104 is pressed. There after the cigarette inside the absorbing heater102 is warmed up in the appropriate time set via the potentiometer 103 to remove as many harmful substances as possible. A L.E.D. (Light Emitting Diode) 105 flashes while the unit is on. To cancel the process before the set time, press the stop button 106.
  • L.E.D. Light Emitting Diode
  • the cover 107 When replacing the heating element in Fig. 2 , the cover 107 is pushed off, and the heater 102 is pulled vertically upwards. The new heating element 102 is pressed vertically down into its associated contacts 208.
  • Terminals of a 113 cm KanthalTM wire of the type: 0.80 mm/20 °C: 2.9 ohm from Sandvik AB were solded with two BulletTM connectors (model: OH091205) supplied by Orient Hoppy Shenzen Co. Ltd.
  • the solder material consisted of 2 portions of 0.5 g RolotTM 609 solder supplied by Rothenberger Industrial GmbH.
  • the wire was wrapped around a 9 mm diameter iron rod to provide a coiled wire.
  • the coil was inserted into a mould cavity with walls for defining the outer shape of the absorber and with a 8 mm diameter cylindrical rod in its centre for defining the cavity of the absorber.
  • Gypsum powder Cera-Mix SpecialTM, supplied by Grafical ApS, was mixed with water and stirred until no clumps could be seen. The mixture was poured into the mould and left curing for 1 hour. The cured absorber was then removed from the mould and the rod was removed from the cured absorber. The absorber was heat cured in an oven at 250 ° C for 2 hours. The heat cured absorber was left to cool for 4 hours.
  • start temperature was raised from 23 °C to 33-34 °C within about 25 minutes after which the temperature levelled off to 23-22 °C within 1 hour and 30 minutes from the start.
  • Cured gypsum cylindrical test samples of height 90 mm and diameter 30 mm and weight 107.6 g were prepared by mixing gypsum powder, Cera-Mix SpecialTM, produced by Cera, supplied by Grafical ApS, and demineralised water. The mixture was added to a cylindrical mould in form of an iron tube adapted to remove the generated heat; the mould was left for curing in 48 hours. The cured test sample was removed and further cured for 2 hours in an own at 250 °C)
  • test samples were submerged in demineralised water at 20 °C for 3 hours, dried in oven at 250 °C for 1 hour.
  • the gypsum test cylinder had a weight gain of 17.5%.
  • Cured Red Clay based ceramic cylindrical test samples of height 90 mm and diameter 30 mm and weight: 110.7 g were prepared by mixing Red Clay CL700 powder, supplied by Cerama A/S, and demineralised water, adding the mixture in a cylindrical mould.
  • Step 1 stepwise increase of temperature by 75 °C per hour until 600 °C, then without retention at this intermediate temperature
  • step 2 stepwise increase by 125 °C per hour until 1000 °C. No retention at the final temperature.
  • the fired samples were cooled to room temperature while in the oven before removal.
  • test samples were submerged in demineralised water at 20 °C for 3 hours, dried in oven at 250 °C for 1 hour.
  • the ceramic test cylinder had a weight gain of 7.5%.
  • the temperature of the cavity was measure in a heat treatment to provide the temperature characteristic of a gypsum absorber is shown in Fig. 9 .
  • the absorber had weight of 38.0 g at a room temperature of 30 °C. After the treatment at 276 °C the weight was 37.9 g. That is, the absorber had a weight loss of -0.2%. Thus, the treatment time of 2.2 minutes was sufficient to dry out the absorber so that absorption of water from the atmosphere was obtained during cooling of 15 minutes.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus that can be made in industry.

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EP14175064.6A 2013-07-03 2014-06-30 Le traitement thermique de tabac, chauffage, procédé et un appareil Withdrawn EP2820963A1 (de)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2448127Y (zh) * 2000-10-08 2001-09-19 韩彦利 家用烤烟器
US20070074734A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smokeless cigarette system
WO2013076098A2 (en) * 2011-11-21 2013-05-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Extractor for an aerosol-generating device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2448127Y (zh) * 2000-10-08 2001-09-19 韩彦利 家用烤烟器
US20070074734A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Smokeless cigarette system
WO2013076098A2 (en) * 2011-11-21 2013-05-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Extractor for an aerosol-generating device

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