EP2811492B1 - Limiteur de surtension pourvu d'un dispositif de signalisation de l'état dégradé de celui-ci - Google Patents

Limiteur de surtension pourvu d'un dispositif de signalisation de l'état dégradé de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2811492B1
EP2811492B1 EP14165431.9A EP14165431A EP2811492B1 EP 2811492 B1 EP2811492 B1 EP 2811492B1 EP 14165431 A EP14165431 A EP 14165431A EP 2811492 B1 EP2811492 B1 EP 2811492B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
signalling
cushion
arrester
degradation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP14165431.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2811492A1 (fr
Inventor
Sergio Bertacchi
Gianfranco d'Ippolito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zotup Srl
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Zotup Srl
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Priority to SI201430056A priority Critical patent/SI2811492T1/sl
Publication of EP2811492A1 publication Critical patent/EP2811492A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H01H2037/762—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/12—Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved structure of a surge arrester, also defined as surge limiter or more synthetically SPD (Surge Protection Device),
  • surge limiter also defined as surge limiter or more synthetically SPD (Surge Protection Device)
  • SPD Sudge Protection Device
  • Direct lightning phenomena are the main sources of devastating destructive effects on electric plants; indirect discharges and switching surges are also the sources of faults, the origin of which is not easy to identify, but the effects of which are equally terrible for sensitive plants and in which running continuity is paramount.
  • the duration of these phenomena varies from few microseconds to a few hundreds of milliseconds, but in this very short time they concentrate an extremely high energy content.
  • These phenomena must be suitably intercepted in order to protect the plants connected to the network and thus guarantee the integrity thereof and the functions thereof.
  • the awareness that transient surges represent a relevant factor in the "mean time between failures" (MTBF) feature of a plant or apparatus, has caused the need to adopt increasingly greater and more effective safety measures.
  • MTBF mean time between failures
  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of surge protection apparatuses - referred to in the following as arresters - the application of which is regulated, for example, by the CEI EN 62305-1/4 Ed. 2 (2011-02), IEC 60364-4-44-443 Ed.2 (2007) and CLC/TS 50539-12 (2010-03) standards for the protection against lightning and switching surges.
  • the requirements and the proof methods refer to the IEC 61643-11 Ed. 1 (2011-03) and to the CEI EN 50539-11 (2013-02) standards.
  • arresters of the most recent prior art comprising a protection element in the form of a varistor and meant in particular to LV plants (low voltage, that is, nominal tension up to 1000 V AC and 1500 V DC) and to photovoltaic plants (AC side and DC side).
  • LV plants low voltage, that is, nominal tension up to 1000 V AC and 1500 V DC
  • AC side and DC side photovoltaic plants
  • the varistor employed in the arresters is an already largely known component; the behaviour thereof matches that of a variable (non-linear) resistance in the voltage/current ratio.
  • the varistor abruptly lowers the resistance thereof, so that the current peak can be easily discharged therethrough, to the ground, and does not continue to other, higher-resistance parts of the plant.
  • a varistor typically consists of a mass of semiconductor material (for example, ZnO) enclosed sandwich-like between two opposite metal surfaces, which make up the electrodes to which the contacts of the terminals for connection to the arrester are electrically joined. Typically, in these devices, the two terminals are then connected to a phase lead and to the protection lead and/or to the neutral lead, respectively.
  • a "disconnector” In the inner circuit of the arrester, in series to the protection element in form of a varistor, a “disconnector” is typically provided, that is a complex releasing device, with protective functions in case of failure of the protection element.
  • the protection element In standard conditions, that is, in the absence of surges, the protection element has such a high impedance as to represent a circuit interruption to the ground and the current circulating within the arrester is not significant. Consequently, no current circulates to the ground which may generate dangerous conditions for people's safety.
  • This system operates in a highly effective way as long as the protection element (for example the varistor) is fully operative.
  • the protection element typically the varistor
  • the protection element undergoes such an aging and degradation process following which it gradually begins to reduce the impedance thereof and hence to discharge to the ground, even in the absence of surges, growing and ever more significant current values.
  • the impedance reduction is small, as is the value of the groundbound current, the operation of the arrester is still acceptable, but beyond certain values the arrester becomes unusable and dangerous for the users. At this point it must necessarily be switched off (disconnected) from the plant.
  • US 2008/019073 A1 discloses a surge arrester comprising a signalling device of the state of degradation, e.g. of the electric connection, of a varistor to a terminal and signalling means mechanically associated with said disconnector and able to display e.g. two distinct conditions of electric connection/disconnection.
  • the problem at the base of the invention is therefore to propose an arrester structure which overcomes the difficulties mentioned above and which allows to provide a reliable and realistic indication, in real time, of the actual degradation state of the arrester.
  • a surge arrester comprising a first and a second terminal for connection to the active leads of an electric plant, between which a protection element is inserted, provided with a pair of electrodes electrically connected to said connection terminals, said protection element being temperature-degradable depending on time, and between said first terminal and an electrode of the protection element a disconnector being provided, further comprising a signalling device of the state of degradation of said protection element, comprising at least movable means, having a pressure element being biased by elastic means against a cushion made of temperature-variable viscosity material, signalling means being connected with said movable means, which signalling means make evident the level of degradation depending on their displacement caused by the sinking of said pressure element of said movable means into said cushion.
  • said movable means is a moving slider.
  • said moving slider is in the shape of a rigid rod, slidable along the longitudinal axis thereof under the preload of said elastic means, and said signalling means are in the shape of a signalling strip visible from outside a casing of the surge arrester through a window.
  • the arrester furthermore is provided with a contrast plate hidden from view, through said window, by the end of said signalling strip and progressively made visible upon the displacement of said signalling strip.
  • said signalling means comprises a microswitch apt to trigger a warning signal and which is actuated when said movable means has performed a pre-set travel.
  • said cushion is laid in between said pressure element of movable means and a fixed abutment integral with a casing of the surge arrester.
  • said cushion is made of a hot-melt resin.
  • said hot-melt resin has a softening temperature ranging between 90C° and 140C°.
  • said cushion (H) is obtained in situ through the injection of a hot-melt resin mass in a fluid state and caused to solidify while keeping said elastic means in a preloaded status.
  • an arrester which, in its general configuration, corresponds to the one described in the above-cited application EP14160969.3 . It comprises a box-like body or module C, of such dimensions to be housed in a single standard module and wired within a switchboard for electric plants in LV.
  • a protection element typically a varistor
  • a plate 3 on the opposite surfaces of which respective conducive electrodes are provided (in the drawings an electrode 4 only is shown, the other one being on the opposite side is not visible in the drawing).
  • Electrode 4 is electrically connected to phase terminal 1, while the opposite electrode is connected to the ground or neutral terminal 2.
  • the connection between electrode 4 and phase terminal 1 is accomplished through conductor means making up an element of the disconnector.
  • such conductor means of the disconnector is in the shape of a flexible lamina 5, which is elastically preloaded and joined to electrode 4 through a suitable low-melt welding in the point marked as 5d.
  • the material used for carrying out the low-melt welding typically belongs to the group of alloys with a tin, lead, bismuth, indium base in binary or ternary, euteptic and non-euteptic formulations, with melting intervals ranging between 120 and 180 C°.
  • the lamina 5 of the disconnector is generically folded into an S or a U shape.
  • this configuration ensures electric continuity between connection terminal 1 and the electrode 4 of the varistor, through lamina 5.
  • a guide 6 is furthermore formed along which a slider can move longitudinally, biased and pushed by preloaded elastic means, for example a precompressed spring, for the interrupting function of the electric circuit better described in the cited application EP14160969.3 .
  • a degradation indicator is provided, based on materials with temperature-dependent viscosity.
  • the degradation indicator according to the invention consists of a signalling, movable means, like a slider, which is biased by elastic means against a cushion made of resin, with temperature-dependent viscosity, in particular a resin of the family called "hot-melt resins".
  • Suitable hot-melt resins are thermoplastic polymers which consist of a polymer base in addition to a variety of additives (pigments, stabilisers, plasticisers, ..).
  • the polymer base typically consists of polymers such as copolymers of ethyl vynyl-acetate (EVA), ethylen-acrylate, polyolefins (PO) and amorphous polyolefins (APO, APAO), polyethylen (LDPE, HOPE), polypropylen (PP, APP), polybuthene-1 and copolymers thereof, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), styrene-based copolymers (SBC, SBS, SIS, SEBS, SEP), polycarbonates and fluoropolymers.
  • EVA ethyl vynyl-acetate
  • PO polyolefins
  • APO
  • thermoplastic bonds within these resins are reversible, unless they undergo curing processes: hence, upon undergoing a sufficient thermal load, they tend to soften and liquefy, losing cohesion and strongly reducing this viscosity, even after a first solidification.
  • the application temperatures of hot-melt resins typically lie in the interval between 160°C and 220°C, in which the corresponding viscosity rapidly decays from 3000 mPa to less than 2000 mPa.
  • variable-viscosity materials hot-melt resins
  • the softening temperature that is, the temperature above which the viscosity decays below predetermined, conventionally established values
  • penetration resistance which a hot-melt resin cushion offers to an elastically biased movable means, like a slider, is hence inversely proportional to the temperature which such cushion is exposed to: the slider progressively sinks into the cushion, the more so the lesser the cushion viscosity and the longer the time elapsed, hence performing a travel or displacement proportional to the temperature and to the exposal time to such temperature.
  • the solution proposed by the present invention is that of arranging a hot-melt resin cushion between a part of the electric circuit subject to being heated by the dispersion currents and a movable equipment subject to the action of bias means which push it against said resin cushion.
  • the degradation signalling device consists of a slider 30, sliding in a guiding ring 31, in turn integral with a conducive terminal 32 of the arrester.
  • terminal 32 has a hole through which slider 30 passes, the slider being preferably in the shape of a circular-section rod.
  • slider 30 On slider 30 a ring nut 34 or other stopping element is fastened, against which a first end of a spiral spring 35 abuts, the other end of which rests against ring 31, that is the terminal 32 which acts as fixed abutment element. Due to this mounting of spring 35, slider 30 is elastically biased in the direction of the free end 33 thereof, that is, downwards in the drawing of fig. 1 .
  • a cushion H of temperature-related viscosity resin typically hot-melt resin
  • Cushion H when it is in its solid state, maintains the pressure element 33a of slider 30 spaced apart from fixed abutment 32, against the bias promoted by spring 35.
  • This spacer function, against the action of the spring 35, is performed as long as the hot-melt resin cushion has a solidity or viscosity sufficient to prevent pressure element 30a from penetrating into the resin.
  • Pressure element 30a for example, is in the shape of a short arm which protrudes transversally from slider 30.
  • the mass of cushion H preferably extends on a volume of at least 400 mm 3 , so as to determine a slider intervention travel of at least 6 mm.
  • Cushion H may be manufactured separately and then installed on-board of body C in the solid phase, after having brought spring 35 into preload.
  • cushion H may be manufactured in situ: initially, pressure element 30a of slider 30 is caused to move backwards, bringing spring 35 into compression and then a molten hot-melt resin mass is injected directly in its seat within the body C, for example through a glue gun. Once the mass of cushion H has been injected, it is waited that the resin cools down and solidifies and then slider 30 can be released, so that spring 35 brings pressure element 30a into abutment on the solidified cushion.
  • the mass of cushion H may also be wound around part of slider 30, which should nevertheless be free to slide through.
  • the mass of resin H be enclosed in a suitable envelope the volume of which is caused to vary by the movement of pressure element 30a, which hence acts as plunger.
  • the envelope furthermore has a calibrated outflow opening, from which the viscous mass of resin H can exit: thereby the displacement of slider 30 can be furthermore controlled by acting both onto resin composition, and on the dimension and conformation of the outflow opening.
  • travel-end abutment 33a is provided: advantageously on travel end 33a a microswitch may be provided, for the function which will be illustrated in detail further on.
  • a signalling strip 36 is fastened, consisting for example of a thin flexible lamina, which runs along a first segment, substantially oriented according to the axis of slider 30, and then along a second segment, perpendicular to the first one, until in correspondence of a signalling window 37.
  • Signalling strip 36 is preferably in the form of a polycarbonate lamina, for example coloured in green.
  • Signalling window 37 is substantially an opening or a clear area in the casing of body C, such as to make visible from the outside the underlying portion of the device.
  • the terminal portion of signalling strip 36 is located behind window 37 and hides an underlying contrast plate or tape having a very different appearance from that of signalling strip 36, for example being orange colour.
  • an underlying contrast plate or tape having a very different appearance from that of signalling strip 36, for example being orange colour.
  • signalling strip 36 is visible, for example green colour, which entirely covers underlying contrast tape 38.
  • contrast tape/plate 38 which is visible outside, through window 37, gives an indication of the extent of the displacement performed by slider 30 and, in the last analysis, of the degradation which the device may have undergone.
  • the signalling device has the following operating mode.
  • the hot-melt resin mass of cushion H reduces its viscosity and produces a certain penetration of pressure element 30a of the slider, which results in a corresponding displacement of slider 30 and hence of travel of signalling strip 36.
  • Repeated heating cycles of this type produce a travel of signalling strip 36 sufficient to make the phenomenon visible from the outside, through the appearance of contrast tape/plate 38 through window 37, in a way the more evident the more the heating has caused cushion H to soften (and hence device degradation).
  • Fig. 3 finally shows the final arrangement of the signalling device, that is, when signalling strip 36 has been entirely displaced and has made fully visible the sole orange contrast tape 38. In this condition the replacement of the apparatus is mandatory.
  • the advantage of the described arrangement is given by the fact that the displacement of signalling strip 36 is progressive depending on the amount of heat developed by the system over time, hence, in other words, not only depending on the temperature reached or of the heating undergone in absolute value, but also depending on the time elapsed in the various heating conditions.
  • This displacement is furthermore connected to visual signalling means, which indicate, according to various ways, the degradation reached and hence the need to replace the arrester before the natural end-of-life thereof.
  • This signalling lies temporally between the two signals provided by the rules, that is, that of regular operation and that of failure.
  • the movable means are disclosed in the drawings as a slider, they may take up a different shape, like a pivoting lever or swinging flag, or other.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Limiteur de surtension comprenant une première et une seconde bornes (1, 2) destinées à être reliées aux fils actifs d'une installation électrique, entre lesquels est inséré un élément de protection (3), muni d'une paire d'électrodes (4) électriquement reliées auxdites bornes de liaison, ledit élément de protection (3) étant dégradable thermiquement au fil du temps, et un sectionneur étant prévu entre ladite première borne (1) et une électrode (4) de l'élément de protection (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un dispositif de signalisation (30-39) de l'état de dégradation dudit élément de protection (3), comprenant au moins un élément mobile (30, 33), qui possède un élément de pression (30a), sollicité par un moyen élastique (35) contre un coussin (H) composé d'un matériau à viscosité variable avec la température, un moyen de signalisation (36) étant relié audit moyen mobile, ledit moyen de signalisation (36) indiquant le niveau de dégradation selon le déplacement de celui-ci provoqué par la descente dudit élément de pression (30a) dudit moyen mobile (30) dans ledit coussin (H).
  2. Limiteur de surtension selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit moyen mobile est un curseur mobile.
  3. Limiteur de surtension selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit curseur mobile est sous la forme d'une tige rigide (30), qui peut glisser le long de l'axe longitudinal de celui-ci sous la précharge dudit moyen élastique (35), et ledit moyen de signalisation est sous la forme d'une bande de signalisation (36) visible depuis l'extérieur d'un boîtier (C) du limiteur de surtension à travers un hublot (37).
  4. Limiteur de surtension selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel est en outre prévue une plaque de contraste (38) invisible, dans ledit hublot (37), près de l'extrémité de ladite bande de signalisation (36) et progressivement visible au fur et à mesure du déplacement de ladite bande de signalisation (36).
  5. Limiteur de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit moyen de signalisation (36) comprend un micro-commutateur capable de déclencher un signal d'alerte, et qui est actionné lorsque ledit moyen mobile (30) a effectué un déplacement prédéfini.
  6. Limiteur de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit coussin (H) est placé entre ledit élément de pression (30a) du moyen mobile (30) et une butée fixe (32) qui fait partie intégrante d'un boîtier (C) du limiteur de surtension.
  7. Limiteur de surtension selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit coussin (H) est composé d'une résine fondue à chaud.
  8. Limiteur de surtension selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ladite résine fondue à chaud possède une température de ramollissement comprise entre 90°C et 140°C.
  9. Limiteur de surtension selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel ledit coussin (H) est obtenu in situ par l'injection d'une masse de résine fondue à chaud à l'état liquide et amenée à se solidifier tout en maintenant ledit moyen élastique (35) dans un état préchargé.
EP14165431.9A 2013-06-04 2014-04-22 Limiteur de surtension pourvu d'un dispositif de signalisation de l'état dégradé de celui-ci Active EP2811492B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201430056A SI2811492T1 (sl) 2013-06-04 2014-04-22 Prenapetostna zaščita, opremljena z napravo, ki signalizira njeno degradirano stanje

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000915A ITMI20130915A1 (it) 2013-06-04 2013-06-04 Scaricatore di sovratensioni dotato di un dispositivo di segnalazione del suo stato di degrado.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2811492A1 EP2811492A1 (fr) 2014-12-10
EP2811492B1 true EP2811492B1 (fr) 2016-05-25

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EP14165431.9A Active EP2811492B1 (fr) 2013-06-04 2014-04-22 Limiteur de surtension pourvu d'un dispositif de signalisation de l'état dégradé de celui-ci

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2811492B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2580042T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITMI20130915A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2811492T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI2811492T1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105322521B (zh) * 2014-05-29 2018-10-19 孙巍巍 一种浪涌保护器
DE102015000329B3 (de) * 2015-01-09 2016-05-19 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Überspannungsschutzgerät mit im thermischen Überlastfall aktivierter mechanischer Abtrennvorrichtung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004024657B4 (de) * 2004-04-02 2006-12-21 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Anordnung zum Ableiten von Überspannungen mit parallel geschalteten, in einer baulichen Einheit befindlichen überspannungsbegrenzenden Elementen
FR2897980A1 (fr) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-31 Soule Prot Surtensions Sa Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions avec deconnecteur thermique a double surface de contact
DE102009036125A1 (de) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI2811492T1 (sl) 2016-10-28
PL2811492T3 (pl) 2016-11-30
ITMI20130915A1 (it) 2014-12-05
ES2580042T3 (es) 2016-08-18
EP2811492A1 (fr) 2014-12-10

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