EP2809361A1 - Pansement et procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Pansement et procede de fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2809361A1 EP2809361A1 EP13707020.7A EP13707020A EP2809361A1 EP 2809361 A1 EP2809361 A1 EP 2809361A1 EP 13707020 A EP13707020 A EP 13707020A EP 2809361 A1 EP2809361 A1 EP 2809361A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dressing
- polymer
- enzyme
- nonwoven
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/32—Proteins, polypeptides; Degradation products or derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, collagen, fibrin, gelatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/38—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dressing and a method of manufacturing said dressing.
- the present invention finds application particularly in the human or veterinary medical field, for example to treat wounds.
- the main objectives of dressings are to protect a wound and to prevent infection by ensuring, if necessary, disinfection of the wound, protect the skin from maceration and the irritating action of secretions, protect the wound from trauma and help healing.
- Dressings are also intended to provide comfort to the patient, for example through the achievement of the above objectives, in particular by protecting the wound from trauma and by helping healing.
- hydrogels hydrogels, tulles and interfaces, hydrocolloids, hydrocellulars, alginates and charcoal dressings.
- hydrogels are particularly useful on superficial and deep chronic wounds, pressure ulcers, leg ulcers, reconstructive and reconstructive surgery, sluggish wounds, dermabrasion, severe sunburns, superficial and deep 2nd degree burns.
- Such dressings are commercially available, for example Askina Gel marketed by B Braun, Duoderm Hydrogel marketed by Convatec, Hydrosorb sold by Hartmann, IntraSite Gel marketed by Smith & Nephew, Normgel sold by Mölnlycke, Purilon marketed by Coloplas and Urgo hydrogel marketed by Urgo.
- Hydrocolloids are also frequently used on uninfected budding exudative wounds but are contraindicated, for example for 3rd degree burns, IV arteritis, fungal infections, superinfected wound, diabetic wounds.
- Such dressings are commercially available, for example the Askina Hydro sold by the company B. Braun, the Algoplaque marketed by the company Urgo Comfeel marketed by the company Coloplast, the Duoderm marketed by the company Convatec and Hydrocoll marketed by the company Hartmann.
- the known dressings applied to a oozing wound may stick to the wound and / or become embedded in the wound, thus hindering the healing and / or causing during removal a deterioration of the cicatrization.
- the healing of a wound always operates from the edge to the center.
- Many dressings dry and glue on the edges of the wound. Their withdrawal entails tearing of neoformed cells from the perilesional area, which slowed the healing process.
- the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a dressing comprising a nonwoven support comprising on one of these faces, a biomaterial capable of making gel / solution transitions comprising an aqueous phase and a polymer network.
- a biomaterial capable of making gel / solution transitions comprising an aqueous phase and a polymer network.
- a biomaterial capable of making gel / solution transitions comprising an aqueous phase and a polymer network.
- a biomaterial capable of making gel / solution transitions comprising an aqueous phase and a polymer network.
- the biomaterial can be a biomaterial capable of making transitions solution / gel then gel solution in a controlled manner over time.
- a dressing comprising a biomaterial capable of making solution / gel transitions then gel solution in a controlled manner over time, said biomaterial being in contact with the wound, advantageously makes it possible to absorb exudates of wounds while providing an environment similar to the extracellular matrix, thereby promoting healing.
- the dressing according to the invention because of its ability to make gel-solution transitions, advantageously allows atraumatic removal of the dressing that peels off the wound once healed.
- the protective gel formed on the wound at the break of the dressing can be adhesive to the perilesionel cells, once the transition is made, that is to say the state of the gel is transforms, becomes softer and releases a little liquid, which makes the dressing non-adhesive.
- dressing means, for example, a device used in the human or veterinary medical field, for example a device that is applicable to a wound, for example a human or animal wound.
- the wound may be a superficial wound or a deep wound. It can be for example a rupture and / or an attack of the cutaneous barrier, or a rupture of the different layers of the epidermis and / or the dermis until the total defect, that is to say to say until the absence of epidermis and / or dermis.
- a wound located on any part of the body it may be for example a cutaneous wound, a wound of the eye, a wound to the thorax, a wound in the abdomen, a sore in the mouth.
- the wound can be a chronic or acute wound.
- the acute wound may be an injury, a bite, a laceration, a surgical wound, a burn.
- the chronic wound may be an ulcer, an eschar, a wound of the diabetic, any wound resulting from dermatological pathology, a cancerous wound, for example muscitis, cancerous ulceration, arthéritic ulceration, ulcerated stromatitis, wound of herpetic origin, wound surgical, or from a transplant.
- the dressing may be in any form, for example in a rectangular, circular, linear and / or adapted to the shape of the wound, and / or the position of the wound.
- the dressing is in a rectangular shape without sharp edges.
- the dressing may be for example a circular-shaped dressing, a polygon, for example a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, a rectangle, a square, a parallelogram, a triangle, a diamond, an ellipse or any form adapted to the wound bed.
- the dressing may be for example a rectangular shaped dressing, for example having a dimension of 5 X 5 mm, 250 x 250, 500 x 500, 1000 x 750, 1500 x 1000 mm. It can be for example a dimension of 65 x 100 mm.
- the first enzyme may be chosen, for example from the group comprising the enzymes of the metalloproteinase family, the family of serine proteases, the family of cysteines and aspartate proteases, the ADAM family, glycosidases whose amylase cellulase, dextranase, pullulanase, pectinase, chitinase, xanthanase, chitosanase, hyaluronidase, and lyases including hydroxyacetyl lyase, chondroitinase, heparinase, alginate lyase.
- the first enzyme is a collagenase.
- the second enzyme may be chosen, for example, from the group comprising the enzymes of the family of transglutaminases, lysyl oxidases, disulfide isomerase proteins, sulphhydryl thiol oxidases, peroxidases, lipoxygenases, epimerases including alginates. epimerases, glucuronate isomerases, cellobiose epimerase and galactose-6-sulfurylases.
- the second enzyme is a transglutaminase.
- the protein polymer may be chosen for example from the group comprising fibrin, gliadin, myosin, globulin (7S and 11S), actin, myoglobin, collagen and its derivatives, proteins milk, soy protein, wheat protein, and egg yolk and egg white protein, pea protein, faba bean protein, flax protein, silk protein, fibronectin, laminin , elastin, vitronectin.
- the polymer is gelatin.
- the saccharide polymer is chosen, for example, from the group consisting of carrageenans, alginates, xanthan, chitosan, chitin, hyaluronic acid, sulphated glycosaminoglycans, glycogen, cellulose and its derivatives, and pectins. starch and its derivatives, dextrans and xylans.
- the biomaterial may further comprise a cryoprotectant compound.
- a cryoprotectant compound chosen from sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, sorbitol, polyols, for example: Erythritol, Xylitol, Arabitol, Ribitol, Dulcitol or galactitol, Mannitol, Volemitol, Maltitol, Isomaltitol, Lactitol or lactositol, glycol and its derivative polymers for example polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- the cryoprotectant is sorbitol.
- the concentration of cryoprotectant in the polymer solution may be from 0.1 to 1 M, for example from 0.2 to 0.5 M, or from 2 to 10%, for example from 3 to 4% by weight. .
- cryoprotectant advantageously allows the dressing of the invention to be more flexible and the freeze-dried biomaterial to be more flexible. Improving the flexibility / flexibility of the dressing advantageously allows better adaptation to the wound surface, for example, to ensure conformability to the wound.
- the nonwoven may comprise meshes of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the size of the mesh of the nonwoven advantageously allows a strong adhesion of the biomaterial to said nonwoven.
- the size of the mesh advantageously prevents the colonization of the dressing by the cells of the wound.
- the size of the mesh of the nonwoven allows an impregnation of the biomaterial in said nonwoven while maintaining a thickness of biomaterial on the surface of the nonwoven sufficient.
- the thickness of the nonwoven may be less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the nonwoven may be a nonwoven without polyurethane and without polyacrylate.
- the nonwoven may be in any material known to those skilled in the art, for example, it may be in viscose, wadding, cellulose, synthetic or natural polymer, preferably the nonwoven is viscose.
- the nonwoven may be for example a nonwoven marketed by Mankk, the nonwoven MA 60, MA 50 J, WSV 100, MA57 S, marketed by Mank (Germany), 71,100,001 marketed by Norafin (Germany).
- the nonwoven allows the maintenance of the structure of the dressing and the biomaterial.
- the nonwoven advantageously prevents any tearing of the dressing on the wound.
- the nonwoven advantageously allows, during removal of the dressing, the preservation of the structure of the dressing and thus to avoid any tearing of the dressing during its removal, as well as any disintegration of the gel which may induce the presence of undesirable residues in the dressing. the wound.
- the dressing may further comprise a substance active in the biomaterial and / or in the nonwoven.
- active substance is intended to mean any substance or composition having a biological or biochemical activity on the surface of an organism (microorganism or multicellular organism, for example skin, bone, organ, etc.) or in an organism.
- This active substance may have, for example, curative or preventive properties with regard to human or animal diseases.
- It can be any product that can be administered to humans or animals in order to establish a medical diagnosis or to restore, correct or modify their organic functions.
- It may be bacteriostatic and / or bactericidal substances, antibiotics, sanitizer, dyes, etc. It can be any molecule to reduce and / or eliminate pain, for example opioids, anti-inflammatory, nonsteroidal, etc.
- the active substance can be chosen for example from the group comprising, bacteriostats, bactericides, vasodilators, dyes including eosin, dextran blue, methylene blue, azure, proteins, saccharides including hyaluronic acid and alginates, a liposome, a nanoparticle, a micelle, anti-acne, antiallergics, anxiolytics, anti-asthmatics, anti-cancer drugs, lipid-lowering agents, hormonal contraceptives, antidepressants, antidiabetics, analgesics opioids and their derivatives, for example morphine, antiasthenics, antihypertensives, antifungals, antibiotics, sleeping pills, hormonal treatments, anti-migraine drugs, overweight medications, antiparkinson drugs, neuroleptics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ovulation inducers, bronchial thinners, antitussives, erection inducers and antiul
- it can be an active substance alone or a mixture of active substances.
- the amount of active substance may depend, for example, on factors such as its activity and the desired dose by the user.
- the desired dose can be easily determined by those skilled in the art since they may be, for example, known doses for known products.
- the biomaterial may be, for example, a biomaterial comprising an aqueous phase and a first polymer network consisting of a first protein or saccharide polymer or a mixture of first protein and / or saccharide polymers, in which the first polymer network and the aqueous phase form a first gel (A), the biomaterial comprising:
- the aqueous phase, the first polymer network, the second polymer may be as defined in the application US12 / 742588 incorporated herein by reference.
- aqueous phase is understood to mean an aqueous solution, for example water, for example still an aqueous buffered solution, for example at a desired pH, for example by means of a phosphate buffer or Tris or any suitable buffer known to those skilled in the art as a buffer. It may be, for example, a medium allowing the activity of the enzyme (s) present in the biomaterial.
- the first polymer network may consist of a first protein polymer.
- This first protein polymer may be chosen for example from the group comprising fibrin, gliadin, myosin, globulin (7S and 11S), actin, myoglobin, collagen and its derivatives, milk proteins , soy proteins, wheat proteins, and yolk and egg white proteins, pea proteins, faba bean proteins, flax proteins, silk proteins, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, vitronectin, or a mixture of these polymers.
- This first polymer network may therefore consist of a single first protein polymer or a mixture of first protein polymers.
- the first polymer network may consist of a first saccharide polymer.
- This first saccharide polymer may be chosen for example from the group comprising carrageenans, alginates, xanthan, chitosan, chitin, hyaluronic acid, sulphated glycosaminoglycans, glycogen, cellulose and its derivatives, pectins, starch and its derivatives, dextrans and xylans, or a mixture thereof.
- This first polymer network can therefore consist of a single first saccharide polymer or a mixture of first saccharide polymers.
- the first polymer network may also consist of a mixture of first protein and saccharide polymers, chosen for example from the abovementioned groups of protein and saccharide polymers.
- the first polymer network may be chosen for example from the group comprising gelatin, fibrin and alginate gels, it being understood that this first polymer network consists of polymers that are different from the second polymers.
- the quantity of the first polymer network or mixture of first polymers may for example be between 0.1 and 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the biomaterial, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight. weight.
- the second polymer is different from the polymer constituting the first polymer network.
- This second polymer can be chosen for example in the group comprising fibrin, gliadin, myosin, globulin (7S and 11S), actin, myoglobin, collagen and its derivatives, milk proteins, soy proteins, proteins Wheat, and yolk and egg white protein, pea protein, faba bean protein, flax protein, silk protein, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, vitronectin, or mixture of these polymers.
- This second polymer may therefore consist of a single protein polymer or a mixture of protein polymers.
- the second polymer may be chosen, for example, from the group comprising, for example, carrageenans, alginates, xanthan, chitosan, chitin, hyaluronic acid, sulphated glycosaminoglycans, glycogen, cellulose and its derivatives, pectins, starch and its derivatives, dextrans and xylans, or a mixture thereof.
- This second polymer may therefore consist of a single saccharide polymer or a mixture of saccharide polymers.
- the second polymer may also consist of a mixture of second protein polymers and second saccharide polymers, for example chosen from the abovementioned groups of protein and saccharide polymers.
- the second polymer may be chosen for example from the group comprising gelatin, fibrin, hyaluronic acid and alginate, it being understood that this second polymer is different from the first.
- the amount of the second polymer or mixture of second polymers may be between 0.01 and 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the biomaterial, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight.
- the second polymer may be crosslinked or not.
- the second polymer may be in the form of gel, for example in the form of beads, in the form of a grated network or not, or forming a network interpenetrated with said first polymer.
- the third enzyme may be chosen, for example, from the group comprising the enzymes of the family of metalloproteinases, the family of serine proteases, the family of cysteines and aspartate proteases, the ADAM family, glycosidases including amylase, cellulase, dextranase, pullulanase, pectinase, chitinase, xanthanase, chitosanase, hyaluronidase, and lyases including hydroxyacetyl lyase, chondroitinase, heparinase, alginate lyase.
- the concentration in the biomaterial of the third enzyme can be between 2 ⁇ 10 -7 and 50 U / ml, preferably from 2 ⁇ 10 -6 to 20 U / ml.
- the biomaterial may also comprise a first enzyme different from the third enzyme and capable of degrading the first polymer network, said first polymer network being capable of performing, under the action of said first polymer, a gel transition (A) / solution.
- the first enzyme may be chosen, for example, from the group comprising the enzymes of the family of metalloproteinases, the family of serine proteases, the family of cysteines and aspartate proteases, the ADAM family. , glycosidases including amylase, cellulase, dextranase, pullulanase, pectinase, chitinase, xanthanase, chitosanase, hyaluronidase, and lyases including hydroxyacetyl lyase, chondroitinase, heparinase, and alginate lyase.
- glycosidases including amylase, cellulase, dextranase, pullulanase, pectinase, chitinase, xanthanase, chitosanase, hyaluronidase, and ly
- the concentration in the biomaterial of the first enzyme can be between 2 ⁇ 10 -7 and 50 U / ml, preferably from 2 ⁇ 10 -6 to 20 U / ml.
- the biomaterial may further comprise a second enzyme different from the second and third enzymes and capable of inducing bonds between said first polymers or a mixture of first polymers, said second enzyme being capable of catalysing a solution / gel transition ( AT).
- a second enzyme different from the second and third enzymes and capable of inducing bonds between said first polymers or a mixture of first polymers, said second enzyme being capable of catalysing a solution / gel transition ( AT).
- the second enzyme may be chosen for example from the group comprising lysyl oxidase, transglutaminases, disulfide isomerase proteins, sulfhydriles thiol oxidases, peroxidases, lipoxygenases, epimerases including alginates epimerases, glucuronate isomerases, cellobiose epimerase and galactose-6-sulfurylases.
- the concentration in the biomaterial of the second enzyme may be between 0.01 and 50 U / ml, preferably from 0.1 to 5 U / ml.
- the biomaterial may further comprise a fourth enzyme different from the first, second and third enzymes and capable of inducing bonds between said second polymers or a mixture of second polymers, said fourth enzyme being capable of catalysing a solution / transition. gel (B).
- the fourth enzyme may be chosen, for example, from the group comprising lysyl oxidase, transglutaminases, disulfide isomerase proteins, sulphhydryl thiol oxidases, peroxidases, lipoxygenases, epimerases including alginates epimerases and glucuronate isomerases. cellobiose epimerase and galactose-6-sulfurylases.
- the concentration in the biomaterial of the fourth enzyme can be between 0.01 and 50 U / ml, preferably from 0.1 to 5 U / ml.
- the first, second, third and fourth enzymes are enzymes that can be independently active or activatable
- the biomaterial may be a biomaterial as defined in US Application Serial No. 12 / 74,288 incorporated by reference herein and / or US1 / 0720089 incorporated by reference herein.
- the dressing may further comprise a substance in the biomaterial and / or in the nonwoven.
- the substance may be an active or non-active substance as defined above.
- the substance may be independently covalently or weakly bonded, e.g., ionic, or Van der Valt interactions, to the first polymer, or the second polymer, and / or to the aqueous phase of the biomaterial.
- the kinetics of release of the substance can be modulated according to its interaction with the first polymer, the second polymer and / or the aqueous phase of the biomaterial.
- the kinetics of release of the substance can be modified / controlled according to the presence in the biomaterial of the first and / or second, and / or third and / or fourth enzyme as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a dressing comprising the steps of:
- step (c) vs. mixing the polymer solution and the enzyme solution, d. depositing the mixture of step (c) on one side of a nonwoven, e. gel crosslinking of the mixture of step (c) deposited on the nonwoven,
- the step of preparing the polymer solution can be carried out by mixing by stirring, for example via a magnetic stirrer or by blades.
- the preparation of the polymer solution can be carried out by stirring, for example at a speed of 1 to 2000 rpm (revolutions per minute), preferably from 160 to 200 rpm (revolutions per minute).
- the step of preparing the polymer solution can be carried out at a temperature of 10 to 50 ° C, preferably 34 to 42 ° C.
- the polymer used in step (a) in the process may be a protein polymer and / or a saccharide polymer as defined above.
- the concentration of said polymer in the mixture in step (a) can be from 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably from 2 to 4% by weight.
- the polymer solution may further comprise a cryoprotectant selected from sorbitol of mannitol, glycerol, sorbitol, polyols, for example: erythritol, xylitol, arabitol, ribitol, dulcitol, galactitol, mannitol, volemitol, maltitol, isomaltitol, lactitol or lactositol, glycol and its derived polymers for example polyethylene glycol (PEG), preferably the cryoprotectant is sorbitol.
- the concentration of cryoprotectant in the polymer solution may be from 0.1 to 1 M, for example from 0.2 to 0.5 M, or from 2 to 10%, for example from 3 to 4% by weight. .
- the concentration of sorbitol in the polymer solution may be from 0.1 to 1 M, for example from 0.2 to 0.5 M, or from 2 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 4% by weight.
- the step of preparing the enzyme solution can be carried out by stirring, for example by means of a magnetic stirrer, or by blades.
- the preparation of the enzyme solution can be carried out by stirring, for example at a rate of from 1 to 2000 rpm, for example from 100 to 250 rpm, of a first and second enzyme in a buffer solution.
- the step of preparing the enzyme solution can be carried out at a temperature of 10 to 50 ° C, for example 34 to 42 ° C.
- the first and second enzyme used are as defined above.
- the first enzyme may be a collagenase.
- the second enzyme may be a transglutaminase.
- the activity in the enzyme solution of the first enzyme can range from 2 ⁇ 10 -7 to 50 U / ml (unit / ml), for example from 10 -6 to 10 -5 U / ml; example of 2 to 3x10 "6 U / ml, for example 2.57x10 " 6 U / ml.
- the activity of the first enzyme in the dressing may be in the range 10 "7-10" 4 units / g (U / g) of dressing, e.g. 25x10 "6 to 26x10" 6 U / g dressing, for example 25.7x10 "6 U / g dressing.
- the concentration in the enzyme solution of the second enzyme may range from 2 ⁇ 10 -7 to 50 U / ml, for example from 0.1 to 1 U / ml, for example from 0.3 to 0.5 U. for example, 0.4 U / ml.
- the activity of the second enzyme in the dressing may be from 0.5 to 10 Units / g (U / g) of dressing, for example 4 U / g of dressing.
- the polymer concentration, first and second enzyme can be chosen according to the following formula corresponding to a study of the dynamic equilibrium of the extracellular matrix corresponding to a simplified mathematical model of a dynamic system in which two antagonistic enzymatic reactions are implemented.
- One is catalyzed by an enzyme capable of making covalent bonds between the soluble monomers (s) to obtain a bonded monomer network (g).
- the other is catalyzed by an enzyme (P) which hydrolyzes the bonded monomer network (g) to soluble monomers (s).
- a third reaction also catalyzed by the enzyme (P) consists in the hydrolysis of the monomers soluble in degraded monomers (f) too small to participate in the network or which can no longer serve as a substrate for the enzyme binding soluble monomers (s) by covalent bonds (T).
- This latter reaction which results in monomer leakage from the cycle, is also added to the model.
- the model can simply be represented according to the following reaction scheme:
- V P and V T represent the maximum speeds for the enzymes P and T respectively
- K P and K T represent the Michaelis constants for the enzymes P and T respectively.
- V P and V T are calculated according to the following equations:
- the buffer solution of steps (a) or (b) may be a buffer solution selected from the group consisting of TRIS-HCI buffer, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), citrate buffer, borate buffer and / or any solution known to those skilled in the art that allows the maintenance of the pH between 5 and 9 despite the addition of small amounts of an acid or a base, or an aqueous dilution.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- borate buffer / or any solution known to those skilled in the art that allows the maintenance of the pH between 5 and 9 despite the addition of small amounts of an acid or a base, or an aqueous dilution.
- the buffer solution may be a buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 to 8.
- the step of mixing the enzyme solution and the polymer solution can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the mixing can be carried out by pouring the enzyme solution into the stirred polymer solution, for example via a magnetic stirrer or blades, for example at a speed of 1 to 2000 rpm, preferably 100 to 250 rpm.
- the step of mixing the enzyme solution and the polymer solution can be carried out at a temperature of 10 to 50 ° C, for example 34 to 42 ° C.
- step (c) of the process the enzyme and polymer solutions can be mixed at a minimum ratio of 1/5 and stirred, for example with a magnetic stirrer or blades as described above.
- the step of depositing the mixture of step (c) on one side of a nonwoven may be carried out by pouring said mixture.
- the nonwoven may be placed on the bottom of a container, for example a steel, aluminum, stainless steel, teflon, silicone, PTFE, and any hydrophobic polymer, and then the mixture is poured into said container.
- the mixing volume of step (c) deposited on one side of the nonwoven may be chosen so that said mixture covers the entire nonwoven.
- the mixing volume of step (c) deposited on one side of the nonwoven may be from 10 to 40 ml / dressing, preferably 30 ml / dressing (pst).
- the volume of mixture deposited makes it possible to cover one face of the nonwoven while impregnating it, thus allowing adhesion of the mixture of said face.
- the adhesion of the mixture to said nonwoven advantageously allows, during removal of the wound dressing, the preservation of the biomaterial on said nonwoven, to prevent biomaterial remaining on the wound after removal of the dressing, and to prevent the biomaterial from torn apart.
- the gel crosslinking of the mixture can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the crosslinking can be carried out by heating, for example at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 35 to 42 ° C.
- the crosslinking can be carried out in a humid atmosphere with a percentage of 60 to 100% of moisture.
- the crosslinking can be carried out in an incubator with an atmosphere having a moisture content of from 60 to 100 percent moisture.
- the incubator can be a commercially available incubator, for example an incubator marketed by the company Digitals, the company Binder or integrated with the lyophilizer.
- the gel crosslinking of the mixture can be carried out for a period of 1 to 24 hours, for example from 1 to 6 hours.
- the lyophilization step can be carried out under a pressure of 75 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa at 300 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa, for example 140 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa, and comprises, in addition to the freezing step, the following steps:
- Sublimation step increase of the temperature of -45 to a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, preferably between 10 and 20 ° C, at a rate of 0.005 to 0.1 ° C per minute, for example from 0.009 to 0.05 ° C per minute, for example 0.01 ° C per minute,
- Desiccation step maintains the temperature obtained in the sublimation step for a period of 10 to 70 hours, preferably for 36 hours
- the rate of increase of the temperature in step g of the process is suitable, for example, for a concentration of 0.2 to 0.5M and / or 3 to 4% by weight relative to the weight total cryoprotectant.
- lyophilization can be carried out by any device known to those skilled in the art. It may be for example a lyophilizer marketed by the company Serail, the company Usifroid, martin Christ, GEA Niro or Labconco.
- the freeze-drying step makes it possible to lyophilize the biomaterial while retaining its functional capacities, for example the possibility of making gel / solution transitions when it comes into contact with a liquid.
- the lyophilized dressing can be advantageously cut before application. This cutting thus allows the dressing to be adapted most accurately to the wound, elements essential for good healing.
- the lyophilization of the biomaterial advantageously makes it possible to preserve the entire biomaterial on the nonwoven and to avoid any loss of biomaterial during a possible contact of the dressing with a surface, for example a dry surface.
- Freeze-drying also advantageously makes it possible to stop the liquefaction processes of the gel by inhibiting the activity of the enzymes. Freeze-drying also advantageously makes it possible to limit the bacterial proliferation in the dressing. Freeze-drying also advantageously makes it possible to increase the retention time of the dressing.
- Lyophilization also advantageously allows the conservation of the structure and the integrity of the biomaterial on the nonwoven before any contact with the wound. Lyophilization advantageously makes it possible to impart to the biomaterial absorbent properties.
- the method may also include a step of dressing the dressing.
- the cutting step can be performed by any device known to those skilled in the art, for example by a cutter, a scalpel, scissors, a cutting press, a laser.
- the dressing obtained can be, for example, a circular-shaped dressing, a polygon, for example a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, a rectangle, a square, a parallelogram, a triangle, a rhombus, a ellipse or any form adapted to the bed of the wound.
- a polygon for example a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, a rectangle, a square, a parallelogram, a triangle, a rhombus, a ellipse or any form adapted to the bed of the wound.
- the cutting of the dressing makes it possible to produce dressings whose shape is adapted to the wound.
- the method may also include a step of wrapping the dressing.
- the packaging step can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the packaging can be made by vacuum association of two sheets.
- the packaging step can be performed for example in an automated manner, for example by means of a thermal sealer, for example a sealer marketed by the multivac company.
- the packaging may be a plastic packaging, for example with a polyethylene film or sheet, a metal packaging, for example with aluminum foils, packaging resistant to sterilization by ionization, packaging impermeable to liquids and / or gases, for example Oifol 48 and Oifoil 48 / Q15 sold by the company Oliver Tolas, Tekniplex, aluminum films, or polymer blisters.
- a plastic packaging for example with a polyethylene film or sheet
- a metal packaging for example with aluminum foils
- packaging resistant to sterilization by ionization packaging impermeable to liquids and / or gases, for example Oifol 48 and Oifoil 48 / Q15 sold by the company Oliver Tolas, Tekniplex, aluminum films, or polymer blisters.
- the packaging of the dressing makes it possible to protect and / or isolate said dressing from the outside environment.
- the packaging advantageously avoids any external contamination of the biomaterial.
- the method may further comprise a step of sterilizing the dressing.
- the sterilization step can be carried out after the packaging step.
- the sterilization step of the dressing may be carried out for example by ionization, by heating and / or by chemical treatment.
- the sterilization is carried out by ionization with gamma or beta radiation, more preferably by beta radiation.
- the amount of radiation absorbed is from 0.5 to 50 kGy, preferably from 1 to 27 kGy.
- ionization sterilization makes it possible to sterilize the dressing in the package while preserving the properties of the biomaterial, in particular the possibility of successive gel / solution transition, while preserving the activity of the enzymes.
- step a) of the method may further comprise:
- the process of the invention can be carried out, for example, with second polymers or a mixture of second polymers included in the aqueous phase of the network of first polymers.
- the second polymer in step a ') can be in solution or crosslinked.
- the form of the second polymer, ie in solution or crosslinked may be a function of the presence or absence of the fourth enzyme capable of inducing bonds between said second polymers.
- the fourth enzyme is as defined above.
- the fourth amount of enzyme can be as defined above.
- crosslinked is understood to mean, for example, the polymer in the form of a gel. It may be for example a single gel and / or one or more fragments of said polymer in gel form.
- the process of the invention can be carried out with second polymers or a mixture of second polymers forming, for example, an array of second polymers included in the network of first polymers.
- the method may further comprise in step b) the addition of a third enzyme.
- the third is defined above. Its quantity is defined above.
- the method may further comprise in step b) the addition of a fourth enzyme capable of inducing bonds between said second polymers.
- the fourth enzyme is defined above. Its quantity is as defined above.
- the method may further comprise a step of integrating an active substance into the enzyme solution and / or into the polymer solution and / or into the mixture obtained in step (c).
- the active substance may be as defined above.
- FIG. 1 represents the manufacturing diagram of the dressings
- Figure 2 shows a diagram of the temperature curves of the collector, shelves and sample in degrees Celsius (ordered) versus time in hours during the lyophilization step.
- Figure 3 shows photographs of the dressing obtained when the biomaterial comprises (with sorbitol) or not (without sorbitol) sorbitol.
- Figure 4 shows photographs of dressings obtained as a function of the amount of sorbitol included in the biomaterial.
- Figure 5 shows photographs of dressings as a function of the amount of biomaterial deposited on the nonwoven.
- FIG. 6 represents photographs of manufacture of the dressing in a mold (A) then demoulding (B).
- Figure 7A shows a diagram of a physical gelatin gel (biomaterial) versus time in minutes and the amount of beta ionization in kGy.
- the curve with the points " ⁇ " correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of OkGy
- the points" ⁇ correlate to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of OkGy
- the points" - correlate to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 30kGy
- the points " ⁇ ” correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 30kGy
- the points" x correlate to the values of G' obtained for an ionization of 40kGy
- the points" " correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 40kGy
- the points" ⁇ correlate to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 50kGy
- the points" + correspond to the values of G' obtained for an
- FIG. 7B shows the variation of G 'max ( ⁇ ) (maximum elasticity) and G "(A) measured in Pascal (Pa) of physical gelatin gels as a function of the amount of beta ionization in kGy.
- FIG. 7C represents the gel time in minutes as a function of the amount of beta ionization in kGy.
- FIG. 8A represents a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G ', G "of a physical gelatin gel as a function of time in minutes and the amount of Gamma radiation in kGy.
- points " ⁇ " correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of OkGy
- the points " ⁇ ” correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of OkGy
- the points " ⁇ " correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of OkGy
- the points " ⁇ correspond to the values of G' obtained for an ionization of 15 kGy
- the points "x” correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 15 kGy
- the points" - correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 50 kGy
- the points" ⁇ correlate to the values of G' obtained for an ionization of 50 kGy.
- FIG. 8B shows the variation of G 'max ( ⁇ ) (maximum elasticity) and G "(.4) measured in Pascal (Pa) of physical gelatin gels as a function of the amount of Gamma radiation in kGy.
- FIG. 8C represents the gel time in minutes as a function of the amount of Gamma radiation in kGy.
- FIG. 9A represents a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G ', G "of a gelatin chemical gel as a function of time in minutes and of the amount of beta ionization in kGy, in this figure the curve with the points " ⁇ " correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of OkGy, the points" ⁇ “correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of OkGy, the points” ⁇ “correspond to the values of G' obtained for an ionization of 30kGy, the points "x" correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 30kGy, the points” - “correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 40kGy, the points" + “correspond to the values of G” obtained for an ionization of 40 kGy, the points "x” correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 50 kGy, the
- FIG. 9B A represents a diagram of the variation of G 'max ( ⁇ )
- FIG. 9C represents the gel time in minutes as a function of the amount of beta ionization in kGy.
- FIG. 10A represents a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G '
- G a gelatin chemical gel as a function of time in minutes and the amount of gamma radiation in kGy.
- the curve with the points " ⁇ " correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of OkGy
- the points" ⁇ correlate to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of OkGy
- the points" ⁇ correlate to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 15 kGy
- the points "+” correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 15 kGy
- the points" ⁇ correlate to the values of G' obtained for an ionization of 50 kGy
- the points "x" correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 50 kGy.
- Figure 10 B A shows a diagram of the variation of G 'max ( ⁇ ) (maximum elasticity) and G "(A) measured in Pascal (Pa) of the gelatin chemical gels as a function of the amount of gamma radiation in kGy.
- FIG. 10C represents the gel time in minutes as a function of the amount of gamma radiation in kGy.
- FIG. 11A represents a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G ', G "of a gelatin biomaterial as a function of time in minutes and of the amount of beta ionization in kGy, in this figure the curve with the points " ⁇ " correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of OkGy, the points" ⁇ “correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of OkGy, the points” ⁇ “correspond to the values of G' obtained for a ionization of 30kGy, the points " ⁇ ” correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 30kGy, the points” - “correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 40kGy, the points" + “correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 40kGy, the points" x “correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 50kG
- Figure 1 1 B the variation of G max ( ⁇ ) (maximum elasticity) measured in Pascal (Pa) of the biomaterials of gelatin as a function of the amount of beta ionization in kGy.
- FIG. 11C represents the gel time in minutes ( ⁇ ) and the resolubilization time (*) of the gel as a function of the amount of beta ionization in kGy
- Figure 12 A shows a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G ', G "of a gelatin Enzgel as a function of time in minutes and the amount of gamma radiation in kGy, in this figure the curve with the points "-" correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of OkGy, the points "x" correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of OkGy, the points" ⁇ “correspond to the values of G' obtained for an ionization of 15 kGy, the points "+” correspond to the values of G "obtained for an ionization of 15 kGy, the points" ⁇ “correspond to the values of G 'obtained for an ionization of 50 kGy, the points" ⁇ "correspond to
- FIG. 12B shows a diagram of the variation of G max (maximum elasticity) of the gelatin biomaterials as a function of the amount of gamma radiation in kGy.
- Figure 12C shows the gel time in minutes as a function of the amount of Gamma radiation in kGy.
- the points " ⁇ " correspond to the values of freezing time and the points "4" correspond to the values of the melting time of the gel.
- FIG. 13A represents the resolubilization time of the biomaterial as a function of the amount of enzyme (collagenase).
- FIG. 13B represents a diagram representing the rate of drop of G 'in pascal per minute as a function of the amount of enzyme, that is to say the rate at which the biomaterial resolves (gel / soil transition) depending on the amount of enzyme (collagenase [GC]).
- Fig. 14 shows photographs of dressings as a percentage of polymer before lyophilization (A) and after lyophilization (B)
- Figure 15 shows photographs of dressings depending on the percentage of polymer after freezing.
- Figure 16 shows photographs of dressings versus nonwoven.
- FIG. 17 shows photographs of dressings according to the nonwoven.
- Fig. 18 is a histogram showing the absorption capacity of the dressing as a function of the nonwoven incorporated in its matrix.
- figure “1” corresponds to the results obtained with a lyofai nonwoven, "2" with a nonwoven MA 50 J, "3” with a nonwoven WSV 100, “4" with a nonwoven MA 57 S, "5 With a non-woven MA 50 + PE, "6” with a non-woven fabric 5-lg including polyethylene (Tissue 5-lg + PE), "7” with a non-woven MASP50 and “8” with a non-woven MASP50 P.
- Nonwovens are commercial nonwovens marketed by Mankk.
- Figure 19 is a histogram showing the rehydration rate of the dressing as a function of the nonwoven incorporated in its matrix.
- Figure “1” corresponds to the results obtained with a nonwoven lyofai, "2" with a nonwoven MA 60, "3” with a nonwoven MA40W4, "4" with a nonwoven ZWHO "c" 12-lg, "5" with non-woven fabric MA 30, "6” with a non-woven MASP 50 P, "7” with a non woven MA 71 .08.
- Nonwovens are commercial nonwovens marketed by Mankk
- FIG. 20 is a histogram showing the WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) of the dressing as a function of the nonwoven incorporated in its matrix.
- WVTR water vapor transmission rate
- Figure 21 is a diagram showing the rehydration kinetics of the dressings as a function of the different nonwoven tested.
- the curve with the points "+" correspond to the values with the nonwoven MA 60, the points
- Figure 22 is a histogram showing the absorbency of the dressings as a function of the different nonwoven tested.
- the figure “1” corresponds to the results obtained with a non-woven fabric ZWHO “C", "2” with a nonwoven Baumwell, "3” with a nonwoven MA936, “4" with a nonwoven MA 50 J, "5 With a nonwoven MA 60, “6” with a nonwoven MA 71.080 and “7” with a nonwoven MA71 10.
- the nonwovens are commercial nonwoven sold by the company Mankk
- FIG. 23 represents a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G ', G "in Pa, as a function of the oscillation frequency of the mobile of the rheometer, in hertz, in this figure the curve with the" ⁇ "points correspond at the values of G “of the dressings containing the nonwoven ZWHO” C ", the points" ⁇ “correspond to the values of G 'of the dressings containing the nonwoven ZWHO” C ", the points correspond to the values of G “of the dressings containing the nonwoven Baumwell-Moltenl, the points" ⁇ “correspond to the values of G 'of the dressings containing the non-woven Baumwell-Molten 1, the points" ⁇ “correspond to the values of G” of the Dressings containing the Baumwell-Molten 2 nonwoven, the " ⁇ ” points correspond to the G 'values of the dressings containing the Baumwell-Molten 2 nonwoven, the "o” points correspond to the G "values of the dressings
- Figure 24 shows photographs in environmental electron microscopy of freeze-dried dressing according to its hydration.
- Figure 24A shows a photograph in electron microscopy of a dry lyophilized dressing.
- Figure 24B shows an electron micrograph of a lyophilized dressing after hydration for 4 minutes.
- the FIG. 24C shows an electron micrograph of a freeze-dried dressing after hydration for 20 minutes.
- Figure 24D shows an electron micrograph of a lyophilized dressing after maximum hydration, i.e., for more than 12 hours.
- FIG. 25 represents a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G '
- Figure 26 shows a bar chart of the integrated normal force (iNF) required to pull the dressing off the rheometer as a function of their elasticity.
- iNF integrated normal force
- FIG. 27 represents a diagram of the absorbency in gram of water per 100 cm 2 of the dressing as a function of time in hours.
- ⁇ corresponds to the results obtained for the lyophilized dressing comprising the nonwoven
- ⁇ corresponds to the results obtained with the gel alone non lyophilized.
- FIG. 28 represents photographs of epidermal dermo-spinal wounds 5 ⁇ 5 cm long and 0.5 cm deep.
- Fig. 28A is a photograph of the wound on the first day before applying the dressing of the invention
- Fig. 28B is a photograph of the wound after 7 days of application of the dressing of the invention
- Fig. 28 This is a photograph of the wound after 18 days of application of the dressing of the invention
- Figure 28 D is a photograph of the wound after 30 days of application of the dressing of the invention.
- Fig. 29 shows a wound exudate production chart as well as its retention by the dressing of the invention.
- the abscissa represents the time in days and the ordinate represents the score estimated by the operator.
- the " ⁇ " points correspond to the estimated retention score of the exudates by the dressing and the "0" points correspond to the estimated score of wound exudate production.
- Figure 30 shows photographs of histological sections of healed wounds after application of the dressing of the invention.
- Figure 30A shows a photograph of the low magnitude healing wound and
- Figure 30B shows a photograph of the high magnitude wound wound.
- Figure 31 shows a crosslinking scheme of a polymer.
- Figure 32 shows photographs of dressings obtained when the biomaterial one or two polymers and comprises a third enzyme
- Figure 32 A is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial with a polymer.
- Figure 32B is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising two polymers, the second being in solution.
- Figure 32C is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising two polymers, the second being crosslinked.
- Figure 32D is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising two polymers, the second being in solution and a third enzyme: alginate lyase.
- Figure 32 E is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising two polymers, the second being cross-linked in the form of beads and a third enzyme alginate lyase.
- Figure 33 is a diagram showing the release kinetics of methylene blue versus dressing.
- the "*" points represent the release from the dressing comprising a biomaterial with a polymer and two enzymes
- the " ⁇ ” points represent the release from the dressing comprising a biomaterial with two polymers, the second being in solution and two enzymes
- the points " ⁇ ” represent the release from the dressing comprising a biomaterial with two polymers, the second being in solution and three enzymes
- the "x” points represent the release from the dressing comprising a biomaterial with two polymers, the second being crosslinked and two enzymes
- the " ⁇ ” points represent the release from the dressing comprising a biomaterial with two polymers, the second being cross-linked and three enzymes.
- a CT1 tank for the polymer mixture and a CT2 tank for the enzyme mixture were used for the preparation of the mixtures.
- the CT1 tank used is a tank of 150 liters
- the tank CT2 is a tank of 65 liters.
- gelatin used came from the company Rouselot marketed under the reference LB8, the sorbitol from IMCD marketed under the reference sorbitol pyrogen free PF.
- the buffer used is a buffer comprising distilled water, 50 mM TRIS and chloridic acid in an amount sufficient to obtain a pH of 7.75.
- the polymer mixture was stirred at 187 rpm (round per minute) in a CT1 tank at 40 ° C.
- a volume of 35 l of sanitized water were added: 1 g of buffer solution, 2 kg of gelatin polymer and 3 kg of sorbitol.
- the final polymer concentration in the CT1 mixture is then 57 g / l and that of the sorbitol is 86 g / l.
- the enzyme mixture was stirred at 187 rpm with an agitator in the CT2 tank at 40 ° C.
- a volume of 35 liters of sanitized water were added 21 g of buffer, 0.22 units of the first enzyme and 30 units of the second.
- the first enzyme was collagenase from the company Coger marketed under the reference NB6
- the second enzyme was Transglutaminase from the company Ajinomoto sold under the reference Activa WM.
- the entire mixture contained in the tanks CT1 and CT2 comprising the enzymes and the polymer obtained was then deposited by a flow meter on a non-woven previously cut into a form adapted to the size of the mold.
- the mold used was aluminum, or rectangular shaped silicone (500x1000x140 mm) marketed by the company MAE and Sérail.
- the nonwoven on which the mixture was deposited was placed in a lyophilizer marketed by the company Serail.
- Figure 1 shows the lyophilization temperature curve in degrees Celsius (ordered) versus time in hours. d) Conditioning
- the nonwoven was cut and the nonwoven side was marked with a cutting press at a size of 65 * 100 mm.
- Example 2 Dressing in which the biomaterial comprises sorbitol
- the dressings were prepared according to the method described in Example 1 in which the gelatin is 3% (30 mg / ml), and the final concentration of Sorbitol is 0.2 to 0.1 M, of the Transglutaminase at 4 mg / mL, 12 U / dressing, and collagenase to 2,2x10 "5 mg / mL or 8.5 x10" 5 U / dressing.
- the products obtained in this example did not include a nonwoven support.
- biomaterial is also referred to as biogel.
- the buffer was previously placed at room temperature, that is to say between 15 and 30 ° C.
- the three mixtures were made in parallel.
- the gelatin powder (30 mg.l -1 final) and the sorbitol powder (0.2M to 1 M) were resuspended in a total volume of 500 ml of buffer solution.
- Resolubilization was carried out with mechanical stirring with a magnetic bar for 30 min (maximum 10 h) at 40 ° C until there is no more gelatin grain in suspension.
- the stirring was adapted to prevent the formation of foam, while ensuring a homogeneous mixture.
- the lyophilizer used was the T ad model marketed by the company Labconco and was pre-frozen at a temperature of -45 ° C. The freezing rate of the gels does not affect the product.
- the molds containing the "biogel” were deposited in the lyophilizer and the lyophilization cycle shown in Table 2 was applied.
- the minimum concentration of sorbitol, below which the dressing has too much rigidity is 0.2M.
- the dressing obtained had a homogeneous white appearance and was easily demolded after lyophilization but had a rigidity affecting its conformability.
- the addition of sorbitol in the gelatin mixture has made it possible to obtain dressings whose greater flexibility allows optimum use. On the other hand, it possessed a surface heterogeneity (lyophilized part and fused part) and strongly adhered to the PVC mold.
- a deposition volume of 30mL made it possible to avoid the surface heterogeneities that the 20mL dressings exhibited, in a random manner, whatever the amount of sorbitol used.
- the silicone molds made it possible to avoid the adhesion phenomena of the dressing observed with the PVC mold. Thus the demolding of the bandages from silicone mold seems more feasible.
- Example 3 Study of the effect of sterilization on the properties of the dressing.
- Samples of gelatin powder, powdered transglutaminase and collagenase powder were sterilized by beta ionization or radiation gamma. Several doses for each type of radiation were tested: 30, 40 or 50 kGy.
- the device used was a beta-type radiation produced by the lonisos company.
- a magnetic bar was added and the pillbox was placed in a water bath preheated to 40 ° C.
- the sterilized gelatin was resolubilized with stirring at 40 ° C for 30 min. 2 ml of solution was deposited on the rheometer, gelation was observed under oscillation at 1 Hz, with a temperature ramp of 40 ° C to 27 ° C at a speed of 0.5 ° C.min "1 .
- Fig. 7A is a diagram of a gelatin physical gel
- FIG. 7B represents the variation of G 'max (maximum elasticity) measured in Pascal (Pa) of the physical gelatin gels as a function of the amount of beta ionization in kGy. As shown in FIG. 7B, this degradation is linear with the dose of beta rays and influences only the elastic part of the network (G ').
- FIG. 7C represents the gel time in minutes as a function of the amount of beta ionization in kGy. As shown in FIG. 7C, the gel time increases linearly with the radiation dose. Thus, it has been found that the degradation of gelatin is linear with the dose of beta radiation.
- Figure 8A shows a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity G ', G "of a gelatin physical gel as a function of time in minutes and the amount of gamma radiation in kGy.
- Figure 8C shows the gel time in minutes as a function of the amount of gamma radiation in kGy.
- irradiation with gamma rays causes gelatin degradation as a function of dose. This degradation is not linear as a function of the gamma ray dose. In particular, a significant degradation threshold takes place above 15 kGy.
- transglutaminase powder was subjected to different sterilization protocol: under gamma irradiation and under beta ionization, with for each of the conditions, three doses tested: 0, 30 and 50 kGy. Gels were then made according to the following protocol:
- transglutaminase solution (repeatable for each condition): 225 mg of sterile transglutaminase (TGase) were weighed and placed in a microtube, 1.5 ml of Tris buffer was added using the micropipette and stirred to resolubilize the powder without foaming (the solution could contain a small, insoluble mass).
- TGase sterile transglutaminase
- ionization with beta-rays causes, as a function of dose, a decrease in the activity of transglutaminase (TG) and thus a decrease in the values of G 'and G ". This decrease is linear with the dose of beta rays as shown in FIGS. 9B and C.
- the irradiation with gamma rays causes a decrease in the activity of transglutaminase (TG) as a function of the dose and thus a decrease in the values of G 'and G ".
- This decrease is not linear with the dose of gamma rays as shown in Figures 9B and C. Effect on the characteristics of collagenase
- collagenase powder was subjected to different sterilization protocol: under gamma irradiation and under beta ionization, with for each of the conditions, three doses tested: 0, 30 and 50 kGy. Gels were then made with this powder and the other non-treated constituents according to the process described below:
- Mixture C 22 ⁇ l of collagenase at 0.01 mg / ml kept for 30 min at 40 ° C. Mixture C was put in Mixture B then in Mixture A and allowed to stir for 2 min. at 40 ° C. 2ml of the final solution were deposited on the rheometer, the evolution of the physical properties was observed at 40 ° C, under oscillation at 1 Hz.
- the beta ionization causes, as a function of dose, a decrease in the collagenase activity shown in FIG. 11A, where it is observed that above 40 kGy, the G 'takes about 2.5 times longer than the other conditions, to reach a value of 1 Pa.
- the value of 40 kGy was considered as an upper threshold dose from which the activity collagenase (CG) is affected by beta rays.
- the gamma irradiation results, as a function of dose, in a decrease in the collagenase (CG) activity shown in FIG. 12A, where it is observed that above of 15 kGy, the G 'takes about 2.5 times longer than the other conditions, to reach a value of 1 Pa.
- the value of 15 kGy was considered as an upper threshold dose from which the activity of collagenase (CG) is affected by gamma rays.
- Mixture C 22 ⁇ l of different concentration of collagenase kept for 30 min at 40 ° C.
- Mixture C was put in Mixture B then in Mixture A and let stir 2 min. at 40 ° C. 2ml of the final solution were deposited on the rheometer, the evolution of the physical properties was observed at 40 ° C, under oscillation at 1 Hz.
- FIG. 13A represents the resolubilization time of the biomaterial as a function of the amount of enzyme (collagenase [CG]).
- FIG. 13B represents the rate at which the biomaterial is resolubilized (gel / sol transition) as a function of the amount of enzyme (collagenase [CG]).
- the resolubilization time and the falling speed of G ' are linear. It is therefore easy to extrapolate a resolubilization rate as a function of a given concentration of collagenase.
- Gamma rays destroy the dressing from 28 kGy.
- dressings comprising respectively 1, 2, 3 or 5%, 3U / ml of TG and a nonwoven, namely Lyophal, were incubated for 3 hours at 35 ° C. and 80% humidity, then lyophilized.
- the lyophilization cycle was as follows:
- FIG. 14A shows the dressings obtained after the freezing step as a function of the percentage of gelatin.
- Figure 14B shows the dressings obtained after lyophilization as a function of the percentage of gelatin.
- the dressings comprising 1 and 2% of gelatin solubilized because the low concentration of gelatin does not allow the formation of gel.
- Dressings with 3 and 5% gelatin rehydrated and showed no degradation, no debris.
- dressings comprising respectively 1, 2, 3 or 5% (w / v) of gelatin, 3U / ml of TG and a nonwoven (LyofaI), were incubated for 35 ° C and 80% of moisture, then lyophilized as follows:
- Figure 15 shows the dressings obtained after the freezing step as a function of the percentage of gelatin.
- Transglutaminase was also affected by radiation treatment (beta or gamma). A fall in enzymatic activity (and therefore a less rapid gelation) for both types of sterilization but more importantly with gamma rays was observed.
- the relationship between the increase in freezing time and the sterilizing dose is linear, but an inverse exponential relationship relates the loss of activity to this sterilizing dose.
- the concentration of gelatin plays on the rigidity of the lyophilized dressings.
- the concentration of gelatin is important for obtaining a functional gel and having the required properties.
- the lyophilization process and its implementation is also important for obtaining a functional gel.
- the purpose of the test is to test nonwovens from Manck, according to their gel adhesion capacity, after and before lyophilization, and to the absorption characteristics and WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) that confers non woven to dressings.
- Tissue 5-lg + PE marketed by Mankk under this reference catalog.
- TG Transglutaminase 15mg / mL marketed by Ajinomoto under the reference Activa WM catalog.
- the dressings were obtained according to the method described in Example 1 with different nonwoven at the bottom of the mold. Once lyophilized, the dressings were cut in four in order to perform rehydration and absorption tests with a distilled water solution containing 8.3 g / l of NaCl and 0.368 g / l of CaCl 2 as absorbent.
- the absorption test was carried out as follows: The material used was Petri dishes 90 +/- 5 mm in diameter, a laboratory oven, with forced air circulation, able to maintain a temperature of 37 +/- 1 ° C), a solution A: 8.298 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.368 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaC, 2H 2 O) in deionized water and supplemented to constitute 1 liter of solution in a volumetric flask and a scale, capable of weighing 100 g to 0.0001 g.
- a single 5x5cm or 0.2g dressing sample was placed in a petri dish, a 40x solution A amount greater than the weight of the dressing preheated to 37 ° C was placed and the sample was incubated for 30 min in a oven, with forced air circulation, heated to 37 ° C. The sample was weighed on the scale after hanging the sample with forceps.
- the absorption capacity was expressed as the average mass of solution retained per 100 cm 2. The rate is expressed per gram of sample.
- the WVTR test was performed as follows:
- Test solution A as described at the beginning of the example, Calibrated test piece, Hygrometer, capable of detecting whether or not the limit of 20% relative humidity has been exceeded, of elastics a scale, capable of weighing 100 g to 0.0001 g near.
- a circular sample was cut and affixed to the upper flange of a cylinder, the wound contact surface facing inward.
- An elastic band was also affixed to maintain the sample
- the sample was weighed, the value obtained was referenced as W1.
- the sample and the elastic were then removed from the cylinder.
- This process was repeated four times to prepare a total of five samples.
- the cylinders obtained were then placed in an incubator at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. They were then removed from the incubator and left at room temperature for 30 minutes and weighed a third time. The value obtained has been referenced as W3.
- the sample was then removed from the cylinder, the excess liquid in the cylinder was removed and the sample returned to the cylinder.
- - W4-W1 represents the retention of water in the dressing if the difference is positive. If it is negative, the difference is the evaporation of the water present in the dressing.
- - W2-W3 represents the water transmitted to the ambient air through the dressing.
- WVTR is determined by: ((W2-W3) + (W4- W1)) / cm 2 of dressing.
- W4-W1 If W4-W1 is positive the WVTR is determined by ((W2-W3) - (W4-W1)) / cm 2 of dressing.
- the results are the average of three measurements.
- Figures 16 and 17 show photographs of dressings according to the nonwoven.
- the nonwovens do not absorb gelatin in the same way, so some tend to float on the surface of the protein solution which is a problem in the manufacture of the dressing. This phenomenon occurs with the following nonwovens:
- the dressing has a face composed solely of gel, avoiding the direct contact between the wound and the nonwoven, and a face composed of the adhered nonwoven impregnated with gel.
- PE nonwovens adhere to very little gel, leaving a good deal outside the dressing. Several dressings with cracked zones, this is the case for those consisting of WSV 100, MA 30 and MA40 W4.
- the sample is more in the form of a compress soaked with gel than dressing.
- the nonwoven MASP50 P has the particularity of having a colored face giving a dressing having a white face (gel side) and a blue face (compress side). On the other hand, one notices a heterogeneity of distribution of the gel on the blue face. The other nonwovens make it possible to obtain dressings whose appearance is close to the reference.
- the characteristics of the nonwoven are important for obtaining a functional dressing.
- Fig. 18 is a histogram showing the absorption capacity of the dressing as a function of the nonwoven incorporated in its matrix.
- figure “1” corresponds to the results obtained with a lyofal nonwoven, "2” with a nonwoven MA 50 J, "3” with a nonwoven WSV 100, “4" with a nonwoven MA 57 S, "5 With a MA 50 + PE non-woven fabric comprising polyethylene, "6” with a non-woven Fabric 5-lg + PE comprising polyethylene, "7” with a non-woven fabric MASP50 and "8” with a non-woven fabric MASP50 P.
- the dressings consisting of nonwoven formed of a polyethylene (PE) film, has a much lower absorption capacity than the reference, which can result from the low presence of gel within the dressing.
- the other nonwovens make it possible to obtain dressings endowed with absorption capacity close to the Lyofal dressing.
- FIG. 19 is a histogram representing the rate of rehydration of the dressing as a function of the nonwoven incorporated in its matrix.
- “1" corresponds to the results obtained with a lyofal nonwoven, "2" with a nonwoven MA 60, "3” with a nonwoven MA40W4, "4" with a nonwoven
- FIG. 20 is a histogram representing the WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) of the dressing as a function of the nonwoven incorporated in its matrix.
- “1" corresponds to the results obtained with a non-woven lyofal, "2" with a nonwoven MA 50 J, "3" with a nonwoven
- Nonwovens with a PE film seem less effective since they do not adhere enough gel.
- Lyofal nonwoven has the best absorption characteristics, whether in capacity or rehydration rate.
- MASP50 P Although less absorbent, MASP50 P has a colored face still visible after lyophilization and rehydration of the dressing. It would be interesting to consider the use of a Lyofal compress marked on one side, which would allow to obtain an application face on the MAIA dressing.
- the aim has been to define the specifications of the raw material adapted.
- the references of the nonwovens (NT) tested are: MA 60, MA 71 .080, ZWHO
- the set of non-woven (compresses) come from the company Mankk
- the composition of the dressing, the biomaterial is: gelatin 3%, sorbitol
- transglutaminase 4g / L collagenase 2.5x10 ⁇ 5g / L (except MA 60 and MA 71.080 where there is no collagenase.
- the lyophilization cycle was as follows:
- the dressings were cut in a circular fashion with a diameter of 40 cm. They were then placed in "Falcon” tubes and dissolved in 30 ml of NaCl / CaC water for 2 hours at 35 ° C. After rehydration, the viscoelasticity of the dressings was determined in rheology by means of a frequency sweep.
- the resulting mixture was placed at 121 ⁇ 1 ° C in an autoclave for 20 minutes.
- the lid has been replaced on the boxes. They can be stored 24h at room temperature and 4 days at 4 ° C.
- the agar plates were then contacted with both nonwoven phases and allowed to incubate for 72 hours at 37 ° C. The colony number was determined from this time.
- the MA 60 is: flexible, homogeneous and white.
- - MA 71 .080 is: flexible, homogeneous and white.
- MA 936-80 is: supple, homogeneous and white.
- MA 71 10 is: flexible, homogeneous and white.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the rehydration kinetics of the dressings as a function of the different nonwovens tested.
- Fig. 22 is a diagram showing the absorbency of the dressings as a function of the different nonwovens tested.
- the figure “1” corresponds to the results obtained with a non-woven fabric ZWHO "C", "2" with a nonwoven Baumwell, "3” with a nonwoven MA936, "4" with a nonwoven MA 50 J, "5 With a non-woven MA 71 10, "6” with a non-woven MA 71 .080 and "7” with a nonwoven MA60.
- MA71 10 except for MA60 and MA71 .080, but remain in the required specifications (MW1) (15g water / 100 cm 2 ).
- the appearance of the dressing comprising the nonwoven ZWHO "C" 12-LG and Baumwell-molten after rehydration had foam in contact with the absorbent; and the dressing comprising the nonwoven MA 50 J: the Non-woven material came off the gel indicating that it did not become impregnated in the gel during the manufacture of the dressing.
- Fig. 23 is a diagram showing the G 'of the dressing (elastic properties) versus the nonwoven.
- ZWHO "C" 12-LG and Baumwell-molten have no gelled state (G ' ⁇ G "), the other nonwovens have a dressing with a gel structure, the G' values of these gels meet to the requirements of MW1 (G '> 100Pa without sterilization).
- the biocharge i.e., the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per dressing obtained is less than 100 CFU / dressing, and is therefore compatible with Beta ionization sterilization.
- ZWHO "C" 12-LG and Baumwell-molten are not good candidates for the non-woven fabric of the MW1 dressing for the unacceptable reason that the dressings formed with these NTs do not exhibit a gelled state.
- the MA 50 J is excluded since it does not imbibe gel during the manufacture of the dressing.
- the other NTs comply with MW1 specifications.
- the choice of the nonwoven will also depend on already established requirements such as 100% viscose composition or enzymage.
- MA60 and MA71.080 are preferred for use in the manufacture of the dressing.
- the dressing of the invention to have optimum functionality and adaptation to wounds of patients, particular characteristics, such as a bacterial load of less than 200 CFU / 70 cm 2 , the nonwoven must imbiber the biomaterial solution (Engel) without hindering the gelation or its conformability, the size of the mesh may be preferably between 50 and 500 ⁇ .
- Test solution A 8.298 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.368 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaC, 2H 2 O) in deionized water and supplemented to constitute 1 liter of solution in a volumetric flask .
- Porcine gelatin powder (Roussselot PS), (175 bloom).
- Agar-agar powder (type 1 bacteriological agar).
- Melag laboratory autoclave model melatronic 23 suitable for sterilization of liquids in closed containers.
- Laboratory incubator Binder brand model BF 1 capable of maintaining a temperature of (25 +/- 2) ° C.
- the container has been removed and allowed to cool to 60 +/- 5 ° C before use.
- a sufficient amount of gelatin powder was added at 65.00 +/- 0.02 g of test solution A in a suitable wide-necked container to obtain a total mass of reagent of The container was sealed, stirred until the gelatin powder was dispersed, and then held at a temperature of 60 ° C for at least 12 hours but not more than 18 hours. At the end of this period, a check that the gelatin forms a clear and homogeneous solution was carried out.
- the plunger of the syringe was raised up to 30mL graduation and 10g of gelatin or agar-agar was added into the syringe and butchered with Parafilm to avoid evaporation (perform 5x) for each type of substrate .
- the syringes were placed vertically in an oven (or ambient conditions) at 25 ° C for 3h with Parafilm caps to prevent evaporation forming during thickening.
- the syringes were capped with the same Parafilm and placed in an incubator at 25 ° C (or under ambient conditions) for 48 hours.
- the syringes were weighed (W3 value).
- the plunger was depressed to remove the dressing and the syringes were weighed (W4 value).
- the dressing capacity to capture fluid was measured according to the following formula, W5:
- W5 ⁇ ([W3-W4] - [W2-W1]) / (W2-W1) ⁇ x 100 Specification: Provide moisturizer> 21% (Low value of the average defines according to its standard deviation)
- the dressing thus has the required characteristics namely a good flexibility including a freeze-dried biomaterial able to hydrate to obtain a gel and make transitions solution / gel / solution.
- the dressing therefore has the required characteristics, namely a liquid absorption capacity with a saturation time suitable for wounds.
- the dressing of the invention thus allows absorption of the exudates of a wound.
- the dressing thus has the required characteristics namely a viscoelasticity allowing adaptation to any type of wounds and on any type of surface, whether horny, consisting of epidermis or not, epithelial phase or not.
- the dressing of the invention makes it possible to preserve its structure, that is to say the biomaterial does not dissociate itself from the nonwoven and provides flexibility, fluid absorption, and flexibility properties with mammalian wounds.
- the dressing of the invention also makes it possible to moisturize the wound and thus to promote healing and moist wound healing while managing / absorbing the exudates emitted by the wound.
- the dressing of the invention makes it possible to make gel / solution / gel transitions promoting the healing of wounds. These transitions advantageously make it possible to absorb exudates from wounds.
- the manufacturing method and the dressing obtained as described is validated and provides surprisingly physical characteristics and advantageous properties for healing wounds, because it allows both to absorb the exudates while ensuring wet healing. Its preserved resolubilization kinetics give it, in particular, non-adherence properties acquired over time and controlled during manufacture, making this dressing the first dynamic dressing ever created.
- the dressings have advantageous properties of elasticity, absorption, resolubilization and hydration. These advantageous properties are especially necessary for the recovery of healing, while preserving the wound and its banks during removal of said dressing.
- Example 7 Composition of a Dressing According to the Invention and Corresponding Physicochemical Characteristics
- the dressing was fabricated according to the method described in Example 1 from the following: 3% gelatin (30mg / mL), 4.5% sorbitol (45mg / mL), 4mg transglutaminase / mL, collagenase at 2,2x10 "5 mg / mL and a non-woven 100% viscose marketed by Norafin under the trade reference 71 100.001, 100% viscose.
- Table 19 describes the evolution of the dressing as a function of time and these properties during the solution / gel transitions of the biomaterial.
- the dressings obtained by the process of the invention have advantageous properties of elasticity, absorption, resolubilization and hydration.
- the dressings obtained are sterile, homogeneous.
- the dressing of the invention retains its structure whatever the conditions and thus allows application and removal of the wound without loss of biomaterial, without tearing.
- the dressing obtained by the process of the invention advantageously allows its removal without leaving a biomaterial on the wound healed without adhesion of the nonwoven to the wound thus improving the comfort of patients.
- these features avoid a step of cleaning the wound and / or rehydration of the wound that could alter the healing / weaken the scar.
- the dressing of the invention used consisted of the components and solutions described in Example 1 and whose characteristics are described in Example 7.
- the dressing of the invention was manufactured according to the method described in Example 1 from the following elements: gelatin, sold by the company Rousselot, 3% (30 mg / ml), sorbitol, marketed by the company IMCD, at 4.5% (45 mg / ml), transglutaminase at 4 mg / ml, marketed by Ajinomoto, collagenase at 2.2 ⁇ 10 -5 mg / ml, marketed by Coger and a woven 100% viscose marketed by Norafin under the trade reference 71 .100.001, 100% viscose.
- Samples of dressings according to the invention were lyophilized and rehydrated and then analyzed using a Philips XL ESEM-FEG microscope (Eindhoven, the Netherlands) at an acceleration voltage of 15 keV at a pressure of 5 Torr.
- the rehydrated samples were obtained after incubating the dressing in 50 mM HCl Tris buffer (pH 7.4) for 4 minutes or 20 minutes and overnight, ie for more than 12 hours for up to 12 minutes. rehydration.
- FIG. 24 represents the electron microscopy photographs of the dressings obtained after the different rehydration times.
- the dry dressing (FIG. 24A) is composed of macropores that disappear as soon as 4 minutes of hydration (FIG. 24B) in the aforementioned saline solution. Then over time, the gel is reconstituted to form, after 20 minutes ( Figures C and D), a cohesive matrix without any pore.
- Figure 25 shows a diagram of the evolution of the elasticity and storage of the dressing as a function of time.
- the dressing of the invention was hydrated for 1 h 30 in a solution containing 142 mMol.L -1 NaCl at room temperature, ie 25 ° C, was observed in rheology with a MCR 301 rheometer sold by the company Anton Paar To avoid the modification of the mechanical properties of the dressing, a normal force of 0.2 N (Newton) was applied to the hydrated sample.
- the conservation module G 'and loss module G “were observed in oscillation mode and recorded as a function of time at constant temperature (35 ° C).
- the dressing of the invention in gel form has the gel-solution transition properties inherent in Enzgel technology.
- each gel has its own elasticity.
- the sticky properties of these gels are directly correlated to their elasticity.
- the change in elasticity of the dressing of the invention over time advantageously allows a change in tackiness over time as demonstrated with the following experiment described in Figure 26.
- the adhesion / sticky strength of the dressing has been studied.
- the purpose of this experiment was to measure the force required to take off a dressing according to the invention.
- the dressing according to the invention was hydrated for 1 h 30 in a solution containing 142 mMol.L -1 NaCl at room temperature, that is to say at 25 ° C.
- the samples were deposited on the same rheometer as previously and a normal force of 0.2 N was applied by a plate. After 5 min at 35 ° C, a pressure of 10 N was applied and the plate was raised at a rate of 1 mm. s "1.
- the normal force needed to tear off the dressing with the rheometer was followed and related to the gap between the plate and the rheometer. All of the normal force needed to be integrated (iNF) using the ORIGIN 7 (registered trademark) software marketed by OriginLab Corporation.
- Figure 26 shows the results obtained from the integration as a function of the dressing.
- the integration represented by the stick 1, FIG. 26, corresponds to a dressing which, when inflated, has a G 'of 35 Pa. This value corresponds to the elasticity of the dressing at the time of its placement on the wound.
- the integration represented by the stick 3 Figure 26 corresponds to a dressing which, once inflated, has a G 'of 3 Pa, which corresponds to a dressing after 48 hours of contact with a model wound. As shown in Figure 26, it was observed that it takes 3 times less force to take off a dressing according to the invention after 48 hours of laying (-3 sN- 1 to -1 sN- 1 ).
- the dressing according to the invention therefore advantageously has the adhesiveness necessary for easy installation.
- the dressing advantageously loses its adhesion during wound interaction and time, which facilitates its removal and keeps the newly formed cells in the wound intact.
- the freeze-dried gel put into the form of a dressing thanks to its association with the nonwoven, has advantageously acquired new unexpected properties.
- the absorption capacity has, for example, been studied according to the protocol of Example 4, and represents in FIG. 27.
- the dressing of the invention is advantageously capable of absorbing large amount of liquid up to 47g of water / 100cm 2 in 6 hours.
- the inventors have demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy that the pores formed by lyophilization disappear during the hydration of the dressing.
- the pores are filled with liquid; the freeze-dried gel absorbs this liquid and regains its integrity.
- the pores created by lyophilization are filled with water and the gel is reformed, this is the rehydration stage of the lyophilisate, in a second time the kinetics becomes slower, c is the stage of swelling of the gel.
- the dressing of the invention advantageously continues to absorb them, but if the secretion stops the dressing of the invention will not sore the wound and may even keep it wet, allowing advantageously to promote healing.
- epidermal dermo-epidermal wounds 5 ⁇ 5 cm long and 0.5 cm deep have been made on Seghers-type pigs (Sus scrofa). Hybrid.
- the pig was weighed and premedicated by intramuscular injection of atropine (Atropinum sulfuricum, Aguettant, in France, 0.05 mg.kg- 1 ) was performed Anesthesia was induced by intramuscular injection of tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil 100, Virbac, France) and the animals were sacrificed by a lethal injection of barbiturates (Dolethal ND, Vétoquinol, France).
- atropine Atropinum sulfuricum, Aguettant, in France, 0.05 mg.kg- 1
- Anesthesia was induced by intramuscular injection of tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil 100, Virbac, France) and the animals were sacrificed by a lethal injection of barbiturates (Dolethal ND, Vétoquinol, France).
- Histological analysis was performed by sampling the wounds (approximately 3.5 x 3.5 cm). The samples were fixed in a 10% buffered formalin solution. After fixation, the samples were dehydrated in increasing concentration alcohol solutions, cleaned in xylene and embedded in paraffin. The fixed samples were cut into portions of 4 to 7 ⁇ using a microtome (MICROM (registered trademark), France). Two central sections per block were prepared, one stained with Masson trichrome and the other with a solution of hematoxylin-eosin-Saffron. Micrograph photos were taken in areas of interest for illustrative purposes only.
- Figure 29 shows the absorption of exudate by a dressing according to the invention as a function of time and secretions of the wound.
- the dressing advantageously adapts to the amount of wound exudate.
- the dressing retains the exudates, but when there is little exudate, it retains little and thus keeps the wound moist.
- a histological study was carried out according to the protocol described above, in order to qualify the healing quality of wounds treated with the dressing of the invention (FIG. 30), the samples were observed at low magnitude (inset A) or medium magnitude (box B).
- Fig. 30 shows histological sectional photographs obtained and observed at low magnification (Fig. 30A), or at medium magnification (Fig. B).
- the overall performance was very good, due to a thick and well vascularised granulation tissue, dominated by mature fibroblasts, with a light to moderate amount of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) as well as a marked deposition of collagen.
- the dressing according to the invention is occlusive and allows, depending on the state of the wound, to absorb or give water to the wound in order to advantageously fulfill all the criteria for healing.
- Winter Wood (Winter GD., Formation of the scab and the rate of epithelialization of superficial wounds in the skin of the young domestic pig, Nature 1962; 193,293-294 [1]).
- the chronicity of a wound is induced by overexpression of inflammatory factors.
- the dressing according to absorbs these factors according to two distinct kinetics. As shown, the first corresponds to a simple absorption while the second corresponds to the swelling of a gel.
- the diffusion of a molecule is slower within a gel than a porous network: The molecules absorbed in the first phase are then retained when the dressing is gelled.
- the dressing can absorb the overproduction of inflammatory factors without giving them back to the wound.
- Gelatin the major component of the dressing according to the invention, is known to be a good substrate for matrix degrading enzymes such as MMPs. It therefore seems that the dressing during the absorption of exudates, advantageously immobilize these inflammatory factors within it and inhibit their action on the wound by an excess of reaction substrate.
- the dressing according to the invention thus advantageously creates a favorable environment for healing by inhibiting only the excess of inflammatory factors.
- the dressing of the invention is a biocompatible dressing, having sol-gel and then gel-sol transition properties, as well as its formulation in freeze-dried form associated with a nonwoven, make it possible to new and advantageous way to facilitate the healing of chronic wounds while retaining a functionality and a capacity of use adapted to all the different types of wounds.
- a dressing according to the invention contains as support a nonwoven (NT) 100% viscose manufactured by Norafin.
- a first enzyme collagenase from the company Coger sold under the reference NB6
- a first network of protein polymer gelatin, manufactured by Rouselot and marketed under the reference LB8 were used.
- a second enzyme Transglutaminase (TG) from the company Ajinomoto marketed under the reference Activa WM, was integrated in all cases to form the first polymer network (gelatin network).
- TG Transglutaminase
- alginate lyase supplied by Sigma under the reference Alginate lyase of Flavobacterium sp (A1603), was used to degrade a second saccharide-type polymer: the alginate supplied by Sigma under the reference Alginate low viscosity (A2158).
- This second polymer integrated in the first network in two forms: crosslinked or not, by calcium chloride, provided by the company prolabo under the reference Calcium Chloride, normapur quality.
- the various networks tested were formulated as a dressing with IMCD sorbitol, sold under the reference pyrogen-free sorbitol PF, as a cryoprotective compound.
- an active ingredient was added to the dressing in order to be released into the environment outside the dressing in a controlled manner.
- the active ingredient is methylene blue, provides for the company Fisher under the reference blue methylene number (126751000).
- an alginate was used to modulate the release of methylene blue.
- the alginate can be added in powder form to the rest of the mixture, it is then said “in solution”, or polymerized by calcium chloride before its addition to the rest of the mixture, it is then said "ball".
- the active ingredient to be released has been added to the alginate before its ball polymerization, so that the active ingredient is enclosed in the ball.
- the active ingredient from its characteristic blue color can be called dye or BM in figures or text.
- a peristaltic pump to form Alginate beads by incorporating one end of a 2 mm diameter pipe into the Alginate solution and place a 10 ⁇ micropipette cone on the other end of the pipe.
- the flow rate of the pump was set at 395 mL / min. Light the pump and drop the first formed balls.
- the biomaterial may therefore comprise a first polymer: gelatin, a second polymer: alginate, which may be in solution or crosslinked in the aqueous phase of the first polymer, a degradation enzyme of the first polymer: collagenase, an enzyme capable of inducing the bonds between the first polymer: transglutaminase, and an enzyme capable of degrading the second polymer: alginate lyase.
- solution (A) 1.5 L of solution (A) was prepared as follows: add 8.298 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.368 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 , 2H 2 O) in water deionized and complete to make up 1 liter of solution in a volumetric flask. Each of the 5 full dressings were taken and added independently to glass petri dishes comprising 226 mL of solution (A) preheated to 37 ° C. Beforehand, 1 ml of the solution contained was then taken at different times in the tank of each Petri dish. The optical density (OD) at 495 nm (white) of said sample was then measured.
- NaCl sodium chloride
- CaCl 2 , 2H 2 O calcium chloride dihydrate
- FIG. 32A is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial without alginate.
- Figure 32B is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising alginate in solution.
- Figure 32C is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising cross-linked alginate in the form of beads.
- Figure 32D is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising solution alginate and alginate lyase.
- Figure 32 E is a photograph of the dressing obtained with a biomaterial comprising cross-linked alginate beads and an alginate lyase.
- the different dressings were immersed in the solution A described above.
- the kinetics of the release of methylene blue in this solution is shown in FIG. 33, the method used is described above ("method for monitoring the release").
- the release of the methylene blue after 24 hours of the dressing without alginate is 62.4%, for that with alginate in solution of 41.6%.
- alginate lyase the salting pass was 46.8%.
- the dressing of the invention makes it possible to release active principles, and also to control this release as a function of the composition of the biomaterial.
- the addition of a second polymer to the dressing, the alginate in this example makes it possible to limit by half the diffusion of the active ingredient. This limitation is due, in particular to the interaction of the charges between the negatively charged alginate and the positively charged active (blue).
- the addition of a third degradation enzyme of the second polymer (alginate lyase) has made it possible to modify the kinetics of release of the active ingredient and allows a fine control of the kinetics of release.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13707020.7A EP2809361A1 (fr) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-01-31 | Pansement et procede de fabrication |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261594843P | 2012-02-03 | 2012-02-03 | |
| EP20120179072 EP2623129B1 (fr) | 2012-02-03 | 2012-08-02 | Pansement et procede de fabrication |
| PCT/FR2013/050206 WO2013114047A1 (fr) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-01-31 | Pansement et procede de fabrication |
| EP13707020.7A EP2809361A1 (fr) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-01-31 | Pansement et procede de fabrication |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2809361A1 true EP2809361A1 (fr) | 2014-12-10 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20120179072 Not-in-force EP2623129B1 (fr) | 2012-02-03 | 2012-08-02 | Pansement et procede de fabrication |
| EP13707020.7A Withdrawn EP2809361A1 (fr) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-01-31 | Pansement et procede de fabrication |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20120179072 Not-in-force EP2623129B1 (fr) | 2012-02-03 | 2012-08-02 | Pansement et procede de fabrication |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (2) | EP2623129B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013114047A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11998654B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2024-06-04 | Bard Shannon Limited | Securing implants and medical devices |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2382305B (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2004-12-15 | Johnson & Johnson Medical Ltd | Absorbent wound dressings containing a hydrogel layer |
| FR2878533B1 (fr) * | 2004-11-26 | 2007-04-27 | Univ Cergy Pontoise | Biomateriau capable d'effectuer successivement une transition solution/gel puis une transition gel/solution |
| JP5497653B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2014-05-21 | エムアー.イ.アー ワウンドケアー | 成分の制御送達のための生体材料 |
-
2012
- 2012-08-02 EP EP20120179072 patent/EP2623129B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
-
2013
- 2013-01-31 EP EP13707020.7A patent/EP2809361A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-01-31 WO PCT/FR2013/050206 patent/WO2013114047A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Title |
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| None * |
| See also references of WO2013114047A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2013114047A1 (fr) | 2013-08-08 |
| EP2623129A1 (fr) | 2013-08-07 |
| EP2623129B1 (fr) | 2014-09-17 |
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