EP2805124B1 - Weapon barrel with a chrome-plated inner profile - Google Patents

Weapon barrel with a chrome-plated inner profile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2805124B1
EP2805124B1 EP12810204.3A EP12810204A EP2805124B1 EP 2805124 B1 EP2805124 B1 EP 2805124B1 EP 12810204 A EP12810204 A EP 12810204A EP 2805124 B1 EP2805124 B1 EP 2805124B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chrome
weapon barrel
barrel
inner profile
profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12810204.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2805124A1 (en
Inventor
Hubert Schneider
Eckehard Bohnsack
Schlenkert GERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Priority to PL12810204T priority Critical patent/PL2805124T3/en
Publication of EP2805124A1 publication Critical patent/EP2805124A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2805124B1 publication Critical patent/EP2805124B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/16—Barrels or gun tubes characterised by the shape of the bore
    • F41A21/18—Grooves-Rifling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/22—Barrels which have undergone surface treatment, e.g. phosphating

Definitions

  • the invention relates primarily to a chromed inner profile for particular small-caliber machine guns.
  • the chrome plating is characterized by the fact that it is applied over the entire length of the gun barrel, that is also in the highly thermally stressed areas.
  • a new inner profile for machine guns is provided so that is designed as a profile with polygons and with a field height, which still allow a planned Verchromungs harshdicke.
  • Machine guns in particular small-caliber area are subject to high standards. It is known that gun barrels or gun barrels are provided in the medium caliber and large caliber range with an internal chrome plating. Thus, the weapon tubes can absorb higher loads better.
  • the field-tensile profile may only be about 0.26 mm, so that in conventional field-train geometries of the machine guns a difference between train and field of 0, 13 mm are available.
  • a chrome plating is usually set at 1/10.
  • no clean contour is created in such small calibers, so that in the high pressure ranges, the train-field profile is not prevented from shearing on the trains and these can break away.
  • the DE 10 2005 043 924 B3 discloses a way to harden an inner surface of a small diameter gun barrel.
  • a reflector arrangement is used in which a reflector head deflects a laser light beam onto a section of the inner surface.
  • the invention has as its object to show a possibility that realizes a weapon barrel with a small diameter for high loads.
  • the invention is based on making a full chrome plating of the gun barrel, not just a highly stressed area.
  • the helical swirl flank surfaces located between the fields and trains form a self-locking angle with the respective radius formed at the foot of the flank, which keeps the radial component acting on the pipe wall as small as possible.
  • the barrel has two trains. The trains run in cross-section from the foot of their flank about 90 ° to a half-nominal caliber corresponding arc around the axis of the barrel and then about a flat Archimedean spiral or parabola section to the apex of the next flank.
  • the WO 97/45690 A1 shows a towed barrel with a polygon profile.
  • Another variant of this type describes the US 4,308,681 A1 , Already the US 329,303 A1 and US 835,482 A1 beat such Switzerlandprofile as they US 4,308,681 A1 revealed before.
  • chromium plating of small bore rifle barrels is not recognizable.
  • the US 2008/0120889 A1 mentions in this regard that chrome plating is known for large-caliber weapons. Methods for this disclose the DE 43 35 139 A1 such as DE 44 19 864 C2
  • the US 1,886,218 A discloses a weapon barrel with an inner profile with fields and trains for small caliber weapons, the entire inner profile is chromed. It thus forms the closest prior art for the present invention.
  • the invention is based on the further idea, due to the general condition of the internal geometry of the cross-sectional area to modify the inner profile over known inner profiles of particular small caliber weapons.
  • a new inner profile of a polygon a flattened sawtooth profile, taking into account a same predetermined (pressure) cross-section is provided.
  • a same predetermined (pressure) cross-section is provided.
  • This inner profile then allows a chrome plating the gun barrel.
  • the surfaces of the fields are provided with a thicker chrome layer than the faces of the trains during manufacture. Between both a layer transition is involved.
  • the chrome plating is carried out in a chromium electrolyte and by means of pumps which pump the electrolyte through the barrel or barrel.
  • the chromium deposition takes place in a known manner.
  • Fig. 1 is shown in a sectional view of an otherwise not shown weapon barrel 1.
  • This has an inner profile 2 with 3 fields and trains 4.
  • the fields 3 are designed as polygons - trapezoidal and asymmetrical - which are much narrower than the trains 4.
  • the polygons have a relatively long rise 5 on one side and a rapidly descending or falling edge 6 on the other side ( Fig. 2 ).
  • Such a constructive form of the fields 3 allows a better absorption of the power forces on the vertical height.
  • the preferred chromium plating thickness for the chrome layer 7 of panel 3 would be about 0.095mm and the chrome layer thickness 8 of the string 4 would be about 0.075mm.
  • the area of the train 4 should be about 3.44 mm.
  • the slope 5 of the flanks 6 can be provided with 62.5 ° ( ⁇ 0.5 °), the flank with 25 ° ( ⁇ 0.5 °).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft vorrangig ein verchromtes Innenprofil für insbesondere kleinkalibrige Maschinenwaffen. Die Verchromung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie sich über die gesamte Länge des Waffenrohres, also auch in den thermisch hoch beanspruchten Bereichen, aufgetragen ist. Damit eine derartige Verchromung realisiert werden kann, wird ein neues Innenprofil für Maschinenwaffen derart vorgesehen, dass als Profil mit Polygonzügen und mit einer Feldhöhe ausgeführt ist, die noch eine geplante Verchromungsschichtdicke ermöglichen.The invention relates primarily to a chromed inner profile for particular small-caliber machine guns. The chrome plating is characterized by the fact that it is applied over the entire length of the gun barrel, that is also in the highly thermally stressed areas. In order for such a chrome plating can be realized, a new inner profile for machine guns is provided so that is designed as a profile with polygons and with a field height, which still allow a planned Verchromungsschichtdicke.

Maschinenkanonen im insbesondere kleinkalibrigen Bereich unterliegen hohen Ansprüchen. Bekanntlich werden Waffenläufe bzw. Waffenrohr im Mittelkaliber- und Großkaliberbereich mit einer Innenverchromung versehen. Damit können die Waffenrohre höhere Belastungen besser aufnehmen.Machine guns in particular small-caliber area are subject to high standards. It is known that gun barrels or gun barrels are provided in the medium caliber and large caliber range with an internal chrome plating. Thus, the weapon tubes can absorb higher loads better.

Bei einem herkömmlichen Rohrprofil eines kleinkalibrigen Waffenlaufs von beispielsweise ca. 12,7 mm darf das Feld-Zug-Profil ca. 0,26 mm nur betragen, sodass bei herkömmlichen Feld-Zug-Geometrien der Maschinenwaffen eine Differenz zwischen Zug und Feld von 0,13 mm vorhanden sind. Eine Verchromung wird in der Regel mit 1/10 angesetzt. Leider wird aufgrund dieser Vorgabe bei derart kleinen Kalibern keine saubere Kontur geschaffen, sodass in den hohen Druckbereichen das Zug-Feld-Profil ein Scheren an den Zügen nicht verhindert wird und diese weg brechen können.In a conventional tube profile of a small caliber arms barrel, for example, about 12.7 mm, the field-tensile profile may only be about 0.26 mm, so that in conventional field-train geometries of the machine guns a difference between train and field of 0, 13 mm are available. A chrome plating is usually set at 1/10. Unfortunately, due to this requirement, no clean contour is created in such small calibers, so that in the high pressure ranges, the train-field profile is not prevented from shearing on the trains and these can break away.

Die DE 10 2005 043 924 B3 offenbart eine Möglichkeit, eine Innenfläche eines einen kleinen Durchmesser aufweisenden Waffenrohres zu härten. Genutzt wird dazu eine Reflektoranordnung, bei der ein Reflektorkopf ein Laserlichtbündel auf einen Abschnitt der Innenfläche ablenkt.The DE 10 2005 043 924 B3 discloses a way to harden an inner surface of a small diameter gun barrel. For this purpose, a reflector arrangement is used in which a reflector head deflects a laser light beam onto a section of the inner surface.

Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, eine Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, die einen Waffenlauf mit kleinem Durchmesser für hohe Belastungen realisiert.The invention has as its object to show a possibility that realizes a weapon barrel with a small diameter for high loads.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgezeigt.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are shown in the subclaims.

Obwohl sich eine Verchromung von Kleinkaliberwaffen nicht anbietet, wie bereits ausgeführt, geht die Erfindung davon aus, eine Vollverchromung des Waffenlaufes vorzunehmen, nicht nur eines hoch beanspruchten Bereichs.Although chromium plating of small caliber weapons does not lend itself, as already stated, the invention is based on making a full chrome plating of the gun barrel, not just a highly stressed area.

Aus der DE 1 703 012 A1 ist ein Drallzugprofil für Geschossläufe bekannt. Hierbei bilden die zwischen den Feldern und Zügen liegenden schraubenförmigen Drallflankenflächen mit dem jeweils am Fuß der Flanke angelegten Radius einen selbsthemmenden Winkel, der die auf die Rohrwandung wirkende Radialkomponente möglichst klein hält. Als vorteilhaft wird dabei erwähnt, dass der Lauf zwei Züge aufweist. Die Züge verlaufen im Querschnitt vom Fuß ihrer Flanke über etwa 90° nach einem dem halben-Nennkaliber entsprechenden Kreisbogen um die Achse des Laufes und dann etwa nach einer flachen archimedischen Spirale oder Parabelabschnitt bis zum Scheitel der nächsten Flanke.From the DE 1 703 012 A1 is a twisting profile known for projectile runs. In this case, the helical swirl flank surfaces located between the fields and trains form a self-locking angle with the respective radius formed at the foot of the flank, which keeps the radial component acting on the pipe wall as small as possible. It is mentioned as advantageous that the barrel has two trains. The trains run in cross-section from the foot of their flank about 90 ° to a half-nominal caliber corresponding arc around the axis of the barrel and then about a flat Archimedean spiral or parabola section to the apex of the next flank.

Aus der DE 1 044 675 ist ein Zugprofil bekannt, bei welchen die Züge durch Kreisbögen vom Fuß jeder Flanke zur Höhe des benachbarten Feldes gebildet werden.From the DE 1 044 675 a train profile is known in which the trains are formed by circular arcs from the foot of each flank to the height of the adjacent field.

Die WO 97/45690 A1 zeigt einen gezogenen Waffenlauf mit einem Polygon-Profil. Eine weitere Variante dieser Art beschreibt die US 4,308,681 A1 . Bereits die US 329,303 A1 und US 835,482 A1 schlugen derartige Zugprofile, wie sie die US 4,308,681 A1 offenbart, vor. Ein Verchromen von Kleinkaliberwaffenrohren ist jedoch nicht erkennbar. Die US 2008/0120889 A1 erwähnt diesbezüglich, dass das Verchromen bei Großkaliberwaffen bekannt ist. Verfahren dafür offenbaren die DE 43 35 139 A1 sowie DE 44 19 864 C2 The WO 97/45690 A1 shows a towed barrel with a polygon profile. Another variant of this type describes the US 4,308,681 A1 , Already the US 329,303 A1 and US 835,482 A1 beat such Zugprofile as they US 4,308,681 A1 revealed before. However, chromium plating of small bore rifle barrels is not recognizable. The US 2008/0120889 A1 mentions in this regard that chrome plating is known for large-caliber weapons. Methods for this disclose the DE 43 35 139 A1 such as DE 44 19 864 C2

Die US 1,886,218 A offenbart ein Waffenrohr mit einem Innenprofil mit Feldern und Zügen für Kleinkaliberwaffen, wobei das gesamte Innenprofil verchromt ist. Sie bildet damit den nächstliegenden Stand der Technik für die vorliegenden Erfindung. Um eine Vollverchromung des gesamten Innenprofils vornehmen zu können, liegt der Erfindung die weitere Idee zugrunde, aufgrund der allgemeinen Bedingung der Innengeometrie der Querschnittsfläche, das Innenprofil gegenüber bekannten Innenprofilen der insbesondere Kleinkaliberwaffen abzuändern. Als neues Innenprofil wird ein Polygon, ein abgeflachtes Sägezahnprofil, unter Berücksichtigung eines gleichen vorgegebenen (Druck-)Querschnitts vorgesehen. Dadurch können die Leistenkräfte durch das Feldprofil besser aufgenommen bzw. gehalten werden. Dieses Innenprofil lässt dann ein Verchromen des Waffenrohres zu. Für das Verchromen und damit der konstruktiven Gestaltung des Innenprofils werden die Grundbedingungen für die Verchromung berücksichtigt, die da sind - dickere Chromschicht, ähnliche Druckquetschkräfte (Feldhöhe) wie bei gleichen Kalibern sowie gute Chromhaltbarkeit. Entsprechend sind der Anstieg, die Flanke und die Fläche der Felder sowie die Fläche der Züge zu bestimmen.The US 1,886,218 A discloses a weapon barrel with an inner profile with fields and trains for small caliber weapons, the entire inner profile is chromed. It thus forms the closest prior art for the present invention. In order to make a full chrome plating of the entire inner profile, the invention is based on the further idea, due to the general condition of the internal geometry of the cross-sectional area to modify the inner profile over known inner profiles of particular small caliber weapons. As a new inner profile of a polygon, a flattened sawtooth profile, taking into account a same predetermined (pressure) cross-section is provided. As a result, the strip forces can be better absorbed or held by the field profile. This inner profile then allows a chrome plating the gun barrel. For chrome plating and thus the structural design of the inner profile, the basic conditions for the chrome plating are taken into account, which are there - thicker chrome layer, similar pressure crushing forces (field height) as with the same calibers and good chrome durability. Accordingly, the rise, the flank and the area of the fields as well as the area of the trains are to be determined.

Die Flächen der Felder werden bei der Herstellung mit einer dickeren Chromschicht als die Flächen der Züge versehen. Zwischen beiden ist ein Schichtübergang eingebunden. Die Verchromung erfolgt in einem Chromelektrolyt und mittels Pumpen, die den Elektrolyt durch das Waffenrohr bzw. den Lauf hindurch pumpen. Die Chromabscheidung erfolgt in bekannter Art und Weise.The surfaces of the fields are provided with a thicker chrome layer than the faces of the trains during manufacture. Between both a layer transition is involved. The chrome plating is carried out in a chromium electrolyte and by means of pumps which pump the electrolyte through the barrel or barrel. The chromium deposition takes place in a known manner.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Zeichnung soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein Schnittzeichnung eines Zug-Feld-Profils mit acht Zügen,
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Darstellung B aus Fig.1.
Reference to an embodiment with drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail. It shows:
Fig. 1
a sectional drawing of a train-field profile with eight trains,
Fig. 2
an enlarged view B from Fig.1 ,

In Fig. 1 ist in einer Schnittdarstellung ein sonst nicht näher dargestelltes Waffenrohr 1 dargestellt. Dieses weist ein Innenprofil 2 mit Feldern 3 und Zügen 4 auf. Die Felder 3 sind als Polygone - trapezförmig und asymmetrisch - ausgeführt, die wesentlich schmaler als die Züge 4 sind. Die Polygone weisen einseitig einen relativ langen Anstieg 5 und auf der anderen Seite eine schnell absteigende bzw. abfallende Flanke 6 auf (Fig. 2). Eine derartige konstruktive Form der Felder 3 ermöglicht eine bessere Aufnahme der Leistungskräfte, auf die senkrecht stehende Höhe.In Fig. 1 is shown in a sectional view of an otherwise not shown weapon barrel 1. This has an inner profile 2 with 3 fields and trains 4. The fields 3 are designed as polygons - trapezoidal and asymmetrical - which are much narrower than the trains 4. The polygons have a relatively long rise 5 on one side and a rapidly descending or falling edge 6 on the other side ( Fig. 2 ). Such a constructive form of the fields 3 allows a better absorption of the power forces on the vertical height.

Zur Erhöhung der Lebensdauer der Waffenrohres 1 ist nunmehr vorgesehen, das ganze Waffenrohr 1 zu verchromen. Die Chromschicht 7 auf den Zügen 4 ist dabei dünner als die Chromschicht 8 auf den Feldern 3. Auf den Steigungen 5 und Flanken 6 sind Schichtdickenübergänge 9 von Feld 3 auf Zug 4 und Zug 4 auf Feld 3 aufgebracht.To increase the life of the gun barrel 1 is now provided to chrome the whole barrel 1. The chromium layer 7 on the tracks 4 is thinner than the chromium layer 8 on the fields 3. On the slopes 5 and flanks 6 layer thickness transitions 9 of field 3 on train 4 and train 4 on field 3 are applied.

Für ein 12,7 mm (.50) Waffenrohr 1 würde die bevorzugte Verchromungsschichtdicke für die Chromschicht 7 des Feldes 3 bei ca. 0,095 mm und die Chromschichtdicke 8 des Zuges 4 bei ca. 0,075 mm liegen. Um beispielsweise eine (kalibervergleichbare) Querschnittsfläche (Rohrprofil) von 129,26mm2 zu erhalten, sollte die Fläche des Zuges 4 ca. 3,44 mm betragen. Der Anstieg 5 der Flanken 6 kann mit 62,5° (± 0,5°) vorgesehen werden, die Flanke mit 25° (± 0,5°).For a 12.7mm (.50) gun barrel 1, the preferred chromium plating thickness for the chrome layer 7 of panel 3 would be about 0.095mm and the chrome layer thickness 8 of the string 4 would be about 0.075mm. For example, to obtain a (caliber comparable) cross-sectional area (tube profile) of 129.26mm 2 , the area of the train 4 should be about 3.44 mm. The slope 5 of the flanks 6 can be provided with 62.5 ° (± 0.5 °), the flank with 25 ° (± 0.5 °).

Claims (5)

  1. Weapon barrel (1) having an inner profile (2) with lands (3) and grooves (4) for small-calibre weapons, wherein the entire inner profile (2) is chrome-plated, characterized in that the lands (3) of the inner profile (3, 4) are designed as polygons - trapezoidallay and asymmetrically and are substantially narrower than the grooves (4), and a chrome layer (7) on the grooves (4) is thinner than a chrome layer (8) on the lands (3), wherein layer thickness transitions (9) from land (3) to groove (4) and from groove (4) to land (3) are applied to the inclines (5) and flanks (6).
  2. Weapon barrel (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polygon is a flattened sawtooth profile.
  3. Weapon barrel (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on one side the lands (3) have a relatively long slope (5) in the form of an ascent and on the other side a rapidly descending flank (6).
  4. Weapon barrel according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the chrome layer (7) of the land (3) is about 0.095 mm, and the chrome layer thickness (8) of the groove (4) is about 0.075 mm.
  5. Production of a weapon barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the weapon barrel (1) is introduced into an electrolyte, wherein an electrode is integrated in the gun barrel (1) and the electrolyte is pumped through the gun barrel (1) by pumps.
EP12810204.3A 2012-01-17 2012-12-17 Weapon barrel with a chrome-plated inner profile Active EP2805124B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12810204T PL2805124T3 (en) 2012-01-17 2012-12-17 Weapon barrel with a chrome-plated inner profile

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012000686A DE102012000686A1 (en) 2012-01-17 2012-01-17 Gun barrel with chromed inner profile
PCT/EP2012/075742 WO2013107578A1 (en) 2012-01-17 2012-12-17 Weapon barrel with a chrome-plated inner profile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2805124A1 EP2805124A1 (en) 2014-11-26
EP2805124B1 true EP2805124B1 (en) 2018-04-25

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ID=47504911

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12810204.3A Active EP2805124B1 (en) 2012-01-17 2012-12-17 Weapon barrel with a chrome-plated inner profile

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2805124B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102012000686A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2805124T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2677470T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2805124T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2013107578A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9212860B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2015-12-15 Daniel Kunau Firearm rifling
RU2543142C1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-27 Петр Никифорович Лищук Device of chamber
DE102016111571A1 (en) 2016-06-23 2017-12-28 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Gun barrel with inner profile

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US329303A (en) * 1885-10-27 fosbery
US835482A (en) * 1903-08-08 1906-11-06 Peter Mulock Rifling.
US1886218A (en) * 1927-06-29 1932-11-01 Western Cartridge Co Gun barrel and process of finishing the same
US2465962A (en) * 1945-04-28 1949-03-29 Henry B Allen Protection of bore surfaces of guns
DE1044675B (en) 1955-06-11 1958-11-20 Karl Burgsmueller Twist profile high gas liner for floor run
US4308681A (en) 1980-03-14 1982-01-05 Gorman Richard M Progressive ratchet rifling in a full gain twist
DE4335139A1 (en) 1993-10-15 1995-04-20 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Process for manufacturing a weapon barrel with a wear-resistant inner coating
DE4419864C2 (en) 1994-06-07 2001-01-11 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Electrode for internal electrolytic coating and / or for electropolishing gun barrels
AU3192697A (en) 1996-05-31 1998-01-05 Ildar Ibragimov Rifled barrel
DE19834394A1 (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-03 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Gun barrel with a wear-reducing hard chrome layer
DE20002365U1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2000-05-31 Spindler Wilhelm Gun barrel with a new barrel inner profile
DE102005043924B3 (en) 2005-09-14 2007-04-05 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Reflector arrangement and method for hardening inner surfaces
US20080120889A1 (en) 2006-07-03 2008-05-29 Animesh Bose Processing of rifled gun barrels from advanced materials

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2805124A1 (en) 2014-11-26
ES2677470T3 (en) 2018-08-02
DK2805124T3 (en) 2018-07-16
PL2805124T3 (en) 2018-10-31
DE102012000686A1 (en) 2013-07-18
WO2013107578A1 (en) 2013-07-25

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