Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
  • G01K17/06—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device
  • G01K17/08—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature
  • G01K17/20—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature across a radiating surface, combined with ascertainment of the heat-transmission coefficient

Definitions

• the present invention relates to methods and devices for measuring the heating or cooling energy savings of a room equipped with a heating or air conditioning system. It also relates to an installation equipped with such a device.
• Measuring energy savings in buildings is an important topic that addresses the need for reducing energy costs and protecting the environment.
• Local means a room, a dwelling (apartment, house, etc.), one or more offices, etc. that make up a building.
• the policy of reducing energy consumption in dwellings implements the identification of energy consumption characteristics of dwellings defined by the criterion of consumption in kWh per square meter per year in which heating or cooling energy consumption is generally the most important component.
• This criterion is based on the calculation of a thermal resistance.
• Existing methods for calculating heat resistance are considered inefficient and expensive.
• the mere calculation of the thermal resistance is not enough to bring about energy savings.
• the invention proposes to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a device that provides a count of energy savings of heating or cooling in a room. Such a meter does not exist and it would be useful for any form of contracting in the same way that today there are counters that are used to charge consumption.
• the invention is based on a dynamic model of the thermal behavior of the local under transient conditions.
• This model includes as input variables the outdoor temperature of the room, the indoor temperature and the heating or cooling power of said installation.
• the Model coefficients are related to the thermal characteristics of the Local.
• the invention comprises an original solution using a servo loop and said model.
• the heating or cooling energy consumption C of Local is measured for several successive time intervals. This series of consumptions is used as setpoint C cons of the servo.
• the external temperature e ext and the internal temperature ⁇ used by said model are also measured to provide by simulation a series of values of the heating or cooling energy consumption C mod for the same intervals of time. time.
• the difference between C cons and C mod provided by the model is applied to a regulator.
• the output of the regulator provides a value of said thermal resistance of the model.
• the output of the regulator gives a value R CO nv of the thermal resistance of the model.
• the thermal resistance of the model being adapted by said servocontrol, the model is used to produce, by computer simulation, a reference consumption of heating or air conditioning C ref , a function of the measurement of the outside temperature Q e tr of a chronic evolution of an internal reference temperature 6i_ ref , Rconv and other coefficients of the model (depending on the components of the model as described below).
• the invention therefore proposes a device for measuring the heating or cooling energy savings of a room equipped with a heating or air-conditioning installation, which comprises at least one heating or air-conditioning apparatus, this device comprising at least:
• a model describing the thermal behavior of the Local comprising at least one element known as thermal resistance representative of the local thermal resistance and an element known as thermal capacity representative of the thermal capacity of the Local, and giving a consumption C mod representing said consumption.
• C from at least said measurements 6 ext and ⁇ ⁇ , a servo-control means composed of a regulator which adjusts the value of said thermal resistance of said model from the difference between a series of measurements of the heating or cooling energy consumption and a series of values the heating or cooling energy consumption calculated by said model.
• Said device being characterized in that said model, said servo-control means and said reference internal temperature, are arranged to provide a reference consumption of heating or cooling energy C mod _ ref whose difference with the measurement of said C consumption gives a measure of heating or cooling energy savings.
• Said model provides the energy consumption of heating or cooling C mod from a representation, called dynamic or transient, of the thermal behavior of Local incorporating the following components:
• the heat flux generated by said installation represented by a current source, and given by the heating or cooling power;
• T e being the measurement sampling period.
• Said model provides the heating or cooling energy consumption C mod which maintains, by means of a regulator internal to the model, the simulated internal temperature 6i_ mod around the internal temperature Q ⁇ as a function of the outside temperature 6 ext and heat flow provided by said heating or air conditioning system.
• the value of the thermal resistance supplied to each step (i) of calculation by the regulator of said servocontrol means is reinjected into said model, to gradually obtain the value of the thermal resistance of said model, said convergent value R co nv / - for which the output of the model C mod _i converges to Ci.
• the regulator of said servo means of the invention can equally well also provide a value of said thermal capacitance Ci of said model from a series of measurements made during a transient which accounts for the storage effect of the capacitance thermal.
• the features of the invention solve the problem of measuring energy savings of a heating or air conditioning system.
• the difference between the measurement of the heating or cooling consumption C and the reference consumption of heating or cooling energy from the model C mo d_refr provides a measure of the overconsumption or the underconsumption of heating or air conditioning energy.
• the invention can provide energy saving heating or air conditioning.
• the energy savings can be observed accurately over short periods of time (hours, days) or longer (week, month, year 7) which allows to accurately detect the various saving actions (on even short periods, up to less than one hour, due to the representation of thermal phenomena under transient conditions). It will be noted that the invention proceeds according to a processing and modeling approach that can be standardized and automated, which will facilitate standardized embodiments and employing digital and computer techniques.
• the device according to the invention further comprises processing means for reconstructing the temporal evolution of the outside temperature without using measuring means and thus simplify the device and reduce its cost.
• the device uses the daily minimum, maximum, and average outdoor temperature data tables recorded by meteorological organizations or other organizations providing tables of local temperature data. It is known that the temperature during the day generally follows a sinusoidal shape. The device thus performs a treatment on the one hand with, for example, sinusoidal functions used to describe the temporal evolution of the temperature during the day and the night, and on the other hand with functions making it possible to connect said sinusoidal functions of amplitude and average values different between two successive days. We can also replace these sinusoids by splines or mathematical functions that approximate them.
• the invention therefore uses the consumption data of the local electricity consumption counter for adapting said thermal resistance during N successive nights with each night a measurement time interval during which the electricity consumption of the Local measured by said meter is close to the electrical consumption of heating or cooling, the other electrical appliances contributing to the consumption of Local electricity is off or in low consumption, to avoid a means of specific measurement of the electrical consumption of heating or air conditioning.
• the device according to the invention can also be inserted in the meter or in the electrical panel.
• Fig. 1 describes the model used by the invention.
• Fig. 2 describes the servo means for adapting the thermal resistance of the model.
• FIG. 3 describes the combination of functions to measure energy savings with the development of the baseline
• Fig. 4 gives a representation of the dynamic model used.
• Fig. 5 shows an example of a chronic evolution of the reference indoor temperature.
• Fig. 6 shows an electric heating installation.
• Fig. 7 shows the output of said servo means and the evolution of the value of the thermal resistance of the model to the so-called convergent value, in the model of the invention.
• Fig. 8a and FIG. 8b show the consumption curves and the energy savings respectively over several days and during a day, in the model of the invention.
• the device according to the invention comprises a model (la) which provides the heating energy consumption C mod (8).
• the model simulates an internal temperature 9j_ mod (3) Local from a characteristic equation of the thermal behavior of the Local (6) equipped with said installation as described by equation 1.
• the 6j_ indoor temperature, after (2 ), Local is used.
• a control or a temperature regulation in the model maintains 6i_ mod in the vicinity of ⁇ thanks to the internal regulator of the model (5) which controls a power (7) injected according to (20) in the equation of the thermal behavior (6) with reference in equation 1.
• the measurement of the outside temperature 6 ext , resulting from (4), of the Local is used by the model, as is the value of the thermal resistance Ri (9).
• the heating energy consumption C mod (8) varies according to Q ⁇ and 6 ext , and depends on the value of the thermal resistance (9) set by the servo means (11), and depends on the components of the model (16), (18), (19), (20), related to the coefficients of said characteristic equation (6) according to the transfer (6a).
• the model is simulated with a sampling period T e sufficiently small to represent the temporal evolution of the different variables or measures. Typically of the order of a few minutes to ten minutes. These measurements are recorded at the sampling period T e .
• Fig. 2 describes the servo-control means (11) or servo-control loop, which makes it possible to adapt said thermal resistance (9).
• the model (la) with, at least, the measurements of the external temperature 6 ext , resulting from (4), and of the internal temperature Q ⁇ , resulting from (2), made in the period sample T e , to calculate the value of the heating energy consumption C mod _i (8i) during the N same time intervals. For each of said intervals D i, the model (Ia) therefore calculates the heating energy consumption C mod i (8i) as described in FIG. 1.
• the difference between the measurement of the heating energy consumption Ci (10i) and the value of the heating energy consumption provided by said model mod C _i (8i) is applied to a regulator (IIa).
• the regulator is of an advantageously simple form of proportional integral in the completed model but it may be another type of regulator depending on the desired performance requirements.
• the thermal resistance at each step i of the servo loop is given by the formula:
• Ri (i) is the value of said thermal resistance of the model at computation step i;
• K p and Kj_ are respectively the proportional and integral coefficients of the regulator;
• ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the difference between the measurement of the heating energy consumption Ci (ACT) and the value of the heating energy consumption provided by said model mod C _i (8i).
• the value of the thermal resistance supplied by the regulator (11a) at each computation step by said servo-control means (11) is reinjected into said model (1a) so as to progressively obtain the value of the thermal resistance of the model, referred to as the value R convergent CO nv (9c), to which the output of model mod _i C converges to Ci.
• Means of measurement with a sampling period of T e are used to measure the heating energy consumption C from (10), the outside temperature 6 ext and the internal temperature Q..
• the heating energy consumption C is measured for a period of 4 hours (d.sub.2) at night between 2 am and 6 am, for each day, which makes it possible to obtain a series of 20 consumption values Ci.
• This series constitutes the instruction (10i) for said servocontrol (11). This situation is simulated with the model.
• the device according to the invention (1) measures overconsumption or under-consumption of the heating system by means of a combination of three functions.
• Fig. 4 gives the simplified diagram of the thermal model of the Local integrating the following components: heat losses through the envelope of Local represented in the form of said thermal resistance Ri (9);
• thermal capacity Ci (18) thermal capacity of the mass to be heated
• thermal exchanges between said installation and the ambient air represented in the form of a resistance R 2 (16);
• the outside temperature 6 ext simulated by a voltage source (17); the heat flux 4> Ch generated by said installation represented by a current source (20), and given by the heating power.
• Fig. 5 shows an example of a chronic evolution of the internal temperature reference 6i_ ref (2a) having a day period at 21 ° C and an overnight period at 19 ° C.
• the evolution of refi can just as well be a constant or any temporal function.
• Fig. 6 shows an electric heating installation in a Local (21) comprising the power supply of the electricity distributor (22), an electric meter (23), a circuit breaker (24), an electrical panel (25), a power plant heating (26a).
• the invention uses the consumption data of the local electricity meter to adapt said resistance thermal model from Ci measurements for N successive nights with each night a measurement time interval Dj_ during which the electricity consumption of the Local measured by said electric meter is close to the heating power consumption.
• FIG. 7 illustrates the curve (28) of the values of the inverse of the thermal resistance (1 / Ri) provided by the regulator (11a).
• the value of 1 / Ri used by the model is initialized to 200.
• FIG. 8a illustrates results over twenty successive days.
• the measurements are made with a sampling period T e .
• the model is simulated with the same sampling period T e set at 300 seconds.
• the curve (30) of the daily measured heating energy consumption C is provided for an indoor temperature of 19 ° C.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2012
  • 2012-01-02 FR FR1200001A patent/FR2985302B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-12-20 EP EP12808823.4A patent/EP2800958A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-12-20 WO PCT/EP2012/076463 patent/WO2013102578A2/fr not_active Ceased

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