EP2795012B1

EP2795012B1 - Fastening element arranged in a concrete shell structure

Info

Publication number: EP2795012B1
Application number: EP12861030.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jorma Kinnunen
Original assignee: Peikko Group Oy
Current assignee: Peikko Group Oy
Priority date: 2011-12-19
Filing date: 2012-12-18
Publication date: 2017-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-18
Also published as: FI20116287A; EA029699B1; DK2795012T3; EP2795012A1; FI124640B; WO2013093193A1; PL2795012T3; EP2795012A4; EA201491176A1

Description

Background of the invention

The object of the invention is a fastening element according to the preamble of Claim 1.
Typically, a so called sandwich structure is used as an outer wall structure, which is composed of an outer and an inner concrete shell between which a thermal insulation layer is arranged. The outer and inner shell must be tied together, since the weight of the outer shell and other loads, such as stress caused by wind and by variations in temperature, generally, for structural reasons have to be transferred to the inner shell, which typically is load bearing. For this connecting of the outer and inner shells, trusses, i.e. binding, fastening or attaching parts, have been used. Conventionally, the trusses are grid structures made of steel, which are installed, suitably spaced, between insulation panels. The truss is usually a wire-like binding structure, in which a truss wire extends between two parallel lengthwise oriented bars diagonally, for example, or ladder-like between the outer and inner shells of the concrete shell structure, in which a set of parallel truss wires, being orthogonally oriented in relation the lengthwise oriented wires, connect the shells of the concrete shell structure to each other.
Document JP 2004324138 A discloses a thermal insulating material and a venting layer, which are held between an outside pre-cast concrete wall and an inside pre-cast concrete wall, wherein a joint member is made to pass through these thermal insulating material and the venting layer to fix both end sections of them to the outside pre-cast concrete wall and the inside pre-cast concrete wall, and in the pre-cast outside heat insulation structure formed by integrally connecting an outside pre-cast concrete wall to an inside pre-cast wall, wherein the joint member is constituted of a thermal insulation coating layer coating the joint hardware and the outside surface thereof with synthetic resin.
Document WO 2010105627 A2 discloses a constructional panel having a front side suitable to be exposed to outside weather conditions, comprising a front side element, a rear side element and an insulating material arranged between said front and rear side elements, where the front side element is made from a high strength concrete, and where the insulating material is adhered to the rear side of said front and rear side elements.
When trusses are being used, there can be left a gap between insulation panels in the thermal insulation layer between the outer and inner shells in the concrete shell structure, which gap constitutes a so called cold-bridge between the shall structures. Later, this gap must be filled by foaming, extruding or swelling of thermal insulation material, or the gap must be completely filled in some other way.

Brief description of the invention

The objective of the invention is to solve the aforementioned problems.
The objective of the invention is achieved by means of the fastening element according to the independent Claim 1, arranged in a concrete shell structure.
Preferable embodiments of the invention are presented in the dependent patent claims.
In a solution according to the invention, a fastening element is arranged in a concrete shell structure, which concrete shell structure comprises an outer shell and an inner shell and a first thermal insulator arranged between the outer shell and the inner shell, and which fastening element is arranged to interconnect the outer shell and the inner shell such that the loads affecting the outer shell at least partly are transferred to the inner shell, and which fastening element comprises at least one second thermal insulator, separate from the first thermal insulator, which at least one second thermal insulator preferably is arranged in connection with the fastening element such that the fastening element and the at least one second thermal insulator form an integrated entity, and that said at least one second thermal insulator is arranged into the fastening element, around it or adjacent to it such that the fastening element and the at least one second thermal insulator are in contact with each other.
In this connection, by the first thermal insulator is meant the primary thermal insulator arranged between the inner and outer shells of the concrete shell structure, and by the second thermal insulator is meant a thermal insulator filling the gap remaining between the first thermal insulator and the fastening element, which second thermal insulator is arranged at the fastening element such, that they form a single integrated entity. Then, according to a preferable embodiment, when installing the fastening element, the second thermal insulator will be installed at the same time between the inner and outer shells.
Thus, the fastening element comprises the fastening element structure as such and at least one such thermal insulator, which is separate from the primary thermal insulator between the outer and inner shells of the concrete shell structure. i.e. the first thermal insulator. As need be, this second thermal insulator can be positioned also at the edge of the outer shell and/or the inner shell of the concrete shell structure. This second thermal insulator associated with the fastening element is preferably made of mineral wool, polyurethane, styrox or some other equivalent thermal insulation material. According to the most preferable embodiment, the first thermal insulator sandwiched in the concrete shell structure is made of the same thermal insulation material as the second thermal insulator associated with the fastening element. Then, the first and the second thermal insulator would cooperate well, when arranged adjacent to each other, near each other or in contact with each other such that they will mutually touch in the concrete shell structure. As the fastening element a ladder-like, diagonal-like or beam-like truss or, for example, a truss having an enclosure-like structure as presented below.
According to the invention, the fastening element comprises an enclosure-like structure having a first wall-like part and a second wall-like part and an element connecting the first wall-like part and the second wall-like part. The connecting element does not necessarily interconnect the first and second wall-like parts directly, but, for instance, via the inner and/or the outer shell of the concrete shell structure. This enclosure-like structure can comprise a box, an enclosure, an enclosure-like space or space reservation formed of plate, some plate-like or other element delimiting the space. Said other element delimiting the space can be, for example, a net structure, a grating structure, a composite structure, a composite or other equivalent structure. Preferably, the enclosure-like structure is arranged in the concrete shell structure between the outer shell and the inner shell such that the longest side of the enclosure-like structure is vertical in the concrete shell structure finally arranged in its place. The first and second sides of the enclosure-like structure preferably have a rectangular shape such that the shortest side of the first and second wall-like parts is intended to be arranged between the outer shell and the inner shell of the concrete shell structure, preferably extending from the outer shell to the inner shell. The first wall-like part is arranged to extend from the outer shell of the concrete shell structure to the inner shell and that the second wall-like part is arranged at a distance from the first wall-like part and to extend from the outer shell of the concrete shell structure to the inner shell. Preferably, the first element interconnecting the first wall-like part and the second wall-like part is facing the outer shell of the concrete shell structure, and, preferably, a second connecting element is facing the inner shell of the concrete shell structure. According to a preferable embodiment, the first and second connecting element is parallel to the outer shell and the inner shell. According to a second preferable embodiment, the connecting element is a bonding element, by means of which the enclosure-like structure is arranged to be attached to the outer shell and/or the inner shell of the concrete shell structure, and then the connecting element can be oriented, for example, perpendicularly or obliquely towards the outer and/or inner shell. Then, the connecting element does not necessarily interconnect the first and the second wall-like parts, but, for example, such that the connecting element is composed of two bonding elements, which are attached to separate wall-like parts and which are arranged to the outer and/or inner shell in an attached manner, and then the first and second wall-like parts are interconnected via the bonding elements and the outer and/or inner shell.
Thus, according to a preferable embodiment, the first wall-like part is arranged to extend from the outer shell of the concrete shell structure to the inner shell of the concrete shell structure and the second wall-like part is arranged at a distance from the first wall-like part and to extend from the outer shell of the concrete shell structure to the inner shell of the concrete shell structure.
Said second thermal insulator arranged at the fastening element is arranged, at least partly, inside the enclosure-like structure between the first wall-like part and the second wall-like part. This second thermal insulator can be attached to the enclosure-like structure by, for example, mechanically fastening, melting, extruding, casting, gluing or attaching by some other means. One way of attaching the second thermal insulator to the enclosure-like structure is, for example, by arranging one or more gripping claws in the first and/or second wall-like part of the enclosure-like structure, by means of which the thermal insulator can be attached to the wall-like part. According to a most preferable embodiment, the second thermal insulator is arranged to completely fill the enclosure-like structure.
According to a preferable embodiment, the first and/or second wall-like part is formed out of plate. The plate is preferably made of metal, but it can also be made of some other material suitable for the purpose, such as, for example, plastic, wood, composite or carbon fiber. At least one projection-like part can be arranged at the plate, such as a gripping claw or gripping nail. The projection-like parts can cover the plate completely, and they can be such that they extend on both sides of the plate, and then the first thermal insulator being positioned against the plate can be made to get attached to the surface of the plate, and, on the other hand, the second thermal insulator being located at the other side of the plate can also be made to get attached to the surface of the plate, and then the first and second thermal insulators can be arranged as close to each other as possible. The first and/or second wall-like part can be, at least partly, perforated, such as a grid or a perforated plate. According to one embodiment, the first and/or second wall-like part is formed out of an enclosure-like thin-walled tube into which the second thermal insulator is arranged.
The enclosure-like structure is arranged to be fastened to the outer shell and/or the inner shell of the concrete shell structure via a bonding element. This bonding element can be a separate part arranged at the enclosure-like structure, or the bonding element can be the element interconnecting the first wall-like part and the second wall-like part of the enclosure-like structure. The enclosure-like structure is fastened at the outer shell and/or the inner shell of the concrete shell structure via this bonding element. The bonding element of the enclosure-like structure can, for example, be fastened to the concrete shell structure by casting, or the enclosure-like structure can be tied to reinforcement bars or tie wires in the inner shell and/or the outer shell, or it connects to the inner shell and/or the outer shell in some other way. The bonding element can also be a bar-like or plate-like fastening element, the first end of which is connected to the enclosure-like structure and the second end to the outer shell and/or the inner shell of the concrete shell structure.
The second thermal insulator, being at least partly arranged into the fastening element having an enclosure-like structure, is preferably at least partly glued, or attached to the fastening element in some other way presented above.
The enclosure-like structure in the concrete shell structure to be arranged in its position at the building site is arranged to extend vertically in the concrete shell structure. Surely, the enclosure-like structure can also be arranged horizontally.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the fastening element comprises at least one wire-like element, which is arranged to be fastened to the casting and/or reinforcement of the outer shell of the concrete shell structure at at least one first spot and to the casting and/or reinforcement of the inner shell at at least one second spot. Said at least one wire-like element is arranged at least partly inside the second thermal insulator. Said wire-like element is preferably stiff metal wire being arranged to extend in the second thermal insulator or, alternatively, such that a second thermal insulator composed of several parts is arranged around the wire-like element.
According to a preferable embodiment, the fastening element comprises two wire-like elements such that they are arranged inside the second thermal insulator at a distance from each other.
According to a preferable embodiment, the fastening element comprises two or more second thermal insulators between which said at least one wire-like element is arranged.
Said at least one wire-like element is permanently attached to at least one second thermal insulator such that they together form one integrated fastening element and said at least one wire-like element is arranged ladder-like or diagonally between the outer shell and the inner shell of the concrete shell structure. This second thermal insulator can be arranged in an attached manner at said at least one wire-like element by, for example, mechanically fastening, melting, extruding, casting, gluing, or fastening in some other way. One way of attaching the second thermal insulator to the wire-like element is by covering the wire-like element with the second thermal insulator.
By means of the solutions according to the invention the advantage is achieved that the gap, which easily is created in connection with a fastening element, i.e. the so called cold-bridge, can be cut off, and then cold air is prevented from passing to the inner shell via the outer shell of the concrete shell structure.

List of figures

Next, some preferable embodiments of the invention will be presented in greater detail with reference to the attached figures, of which

Figure 1 shows fastening elements, according to a first embodiment of the invention, arranged in a concrete shell structure,
Figure 2 shows a side view of the enclosure-like structure of a fastening element according to the first embodiment of the invention,
Figure 3 shows fastening elements, according to the first embodiment of the invention, arranged in a concrete shell structure, viewed from above,
Figure 4 shows the enclosure-like structure of a fastening element according to the invention, viewed from above,
Figure 5 shows a first and a second version of a second embodiment of a fastening element according to the invention, viewed from above,
Figure 6 shows a third version of the second embodiment of the fastening element according to the invention, viewed from above,
Figure 7 shows fastening elements, according to the second embodiment of the invention, arranged in a concrete shell structure, and
Figure 8 shows fastening elements, according to the second embodiment of the invention, arranged in the concrete shell structure, viewed from above.

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1 shows fastening elements according to a first embodiment of the invention arranged in a concrete shell structure. The concrete shell structure comprises an outer shell 1 and an inner shell 2, between which a first thermal insulator 3 is arranged. The figure shows the enclosure-like structure of a fastening element 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention, which structure is arranged between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 such that the longest sides of the enclosure-like structure are vertical or essentially vertical in the concrete shell structure.
Figure 2 shows a side view of the enclosure-like structure of the fastening element 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention, in which the fastening element 10 is arranged between the outer and inner shells 1, 2 of the concrete shell structure. The first insulator 3 sandwiched in the concrete shell structure is shown in a zigzag pattern.
Figure 3 shows, viewed from above, fastening elements 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention, arranged into the concrete shell structure. In the figure, first insulator 3 being left between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 is shown in a zigzag pattern, as already stated in connection with Figure 2. The fastening element 10 is arranged between the outer and inner shells 1, 2 such that the shortest sides of the first wall-like part 5 and the second wall-like part 6 forming the enclosure-like structure extend from the outer shell 1 to the inner shell 2, and the element 7 connecting these first and second wall- like parts 5, 6 attaches to the outer and/or inner shell. In the enclosure-like structure remains the second thermal insulator 4, which is separated from the first thermal insulator 3 only by the first and the second wall- like part 5, 6 of the enclosure-like structure.
Figure 4 shows the enclosure-like structure of the fastening element 10 according to the invention, viewed from above, in which structure the first wall-like part 5, the second wall-like part 6, and the element 7 connecting these wall-like parts form the enclosure-like structure. Inside the enclosure-like structure, the second thermal insulator 4 is arranged, which preferably is glued, mechanically attached, melted, extruded, cast or, for example by means of gripping claws to be pressed from the first wall-like part 5 and/or the second wall-like part 6, or, in some other way, fastened to the first and/or the second wall- like part 5, 6. To the enclosure-like structure, a bonding element 8 is attached, by means of which the fastening element is fastened to the outer and inner shells 1, 2. In this example, the bonding element 8 is attached to the element 7 connecting the first and second wall- like parts 5, 6, but, according to the invention, the connecting element 7 and the bonding element 8 also can be the same one.
Figure 5 shows a first and a second version of a second embodiment of the fastening element 10 according to the invention, viewed from above, or from the end face, wherein the fastening element 10 to the left comprises a second thermal insulator 4 and two wire-like elements 20 arranged mutually spaced in the thermal insulator 4. The wire-like elements 20 are anchored to the casting of the outer and inner shells 1, 2 (not shown in the figure) and/or they will be tied to reinforcements 21 going into the outer and/or inner shells 1, 2. In the embodiment to the right, the wire-like elements 20 are arranged at the edges of the thermal insulator 4 and, correspondingly, are anchored to the casting of the inner and outer shells 1, 2 and/or tied to reinforcements 21 going into the outer and/or inner shells 1, 2.
Figure 6 shows a third version of the second embodiment of the fastening element 10 according to the invention, viewed from above, or from the end face, wherein only one wire-like element 20 is arranged in the thermal insulator 4, which wire-like element 20, correspondingly, is anchored to the castings of the inner and outer shells 1, 2 and/or tied to reinforcements 21 going into the outer and/or inner shells 1, 2, as is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 7 shows fastening elements 10, according to the second embodiment of the invention, arranged in a concrete shell structure, in which a first thermal insulator 3 (not actually shown in the figure) and fastening elements 10 are arranged between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 of the concrete shell structure. In this embodiment, the fastening element 10 comprises only one wire-like element 20 and a second thermal insulator 4, which are arranged together between the outer and inner shells 1, 2 and anchored fixedly to the outer and inner shells 1, 2 (not shown in the figure).
Figure 8 shows fastening elements 10, according to the second embodiment of the invention, arranged in a concrete shell structure, viewed from above. Also in this embodiment, the fastening element 10 comprises one wire-like element 20 and a second thermal insulator 4 attached to it. The wire-like element 20 is anchored to the castings of the inner and outer shells 1, 2 and/or tied to reinforcements 21 going into the outer and/or inner shells 1, 2.
To a person skilled in the art, it is evident that, along with developments in the technology, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in many different ways. Thus, the invention and its embodiments are not restricted to the examples described above, but rather, they can vary within the scope of the patent claims.

Claims

A fastening element (10) arranged into a concrete shell structure,
which concrete shell structure comprises an outer shell (1) and an inner shell (2) and a first thermal insulator (3) arranged between the outer shell (1) and the inner shell (2), and
which fastening element (10) is arranged to interconnect the outer shell (1) and the inner shell (2) such that loads affecting the outer shell (1) is, at least partly, transferred to the inner shell (2),
wherein the fastening element (10) comprises at least one second thermal insulator (4) separate from the first thermal insulator (3),
characterized in that
the fastening element (10) comprises an enclosure-like structure including a first wall-like part (5) and a second wall-like part (6) and an element (7) interconnecting the first and second wall-like parts (5, 6), wherein
the first wall-like part (5) is arranged to extend from the outer shell (1) of the concrete shell structure to the inner shell (2) and that the second wall-like part (6) is arranged at a distance from the first wall-like part (5) and to extend from the outer shell (1) of the concrete shell structure to the inner shell (2),
the at least one second thermal insulator (4) is arranged at least partly inside the enclosure-like structure between the first wall-like part (5) and the second wall-like part (6), and
the enclosure-like structure is arranged to extend vertically or horizontally in the concrete shell structure.
Fastening element (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in, that the at least one second thermal insulator (4) is arranged in association with the fastening element (10) such that they form an integrated entity.
Fastening element (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in, that that the at least one second thermal insulator (4) is arranged inside, around, or adjacent to the fastening element (10) such that the fastening element (10) and said second thermal insulator (4) are mutually touching.
Fastening element (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in, that the first and/or the second wall-like part (5, 6) is formed out of plate.
Fastening element (10) according to Claim 4, characterized in, that at least one protruding part, such as a gripping claw, is arranged at the plate.
Fastening element (10) according to any one of Claims 1 - 4, characterized in, that the first and/or the second wall-like part (5, 6) is perforated, like a grating.
Fastening element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the enclosure-like structure is arranged to be fastened to the outer shell (1) and/or the inner shell (2) of the concrete shell structure via a bonding element (8).
Fastening element (10) according to Claim 7, characterized in, that the bonding element (8) is the element (7) connecting the first and second wall-like parts (5, 6).
Fastening element (10) according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in, that the bonding element (8) is bar-like or plate-like.
Fastening element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that said second thermal insulator (4) at least partly is glued to the fastening element (10).