EP2791992A2 - Boîtier de batterie à coque rigide à couche barrière contre l'humidité - Google Patents

Boîtier de batterie à coque rigide à couche barrière contre l'humidité

Info

Publication number
EP2791992A2
EP2791992A2 EP12784269.8A EP12784269A EP2791992A2 EP 2791992 A2 EP2791992 A2 EP 2791992A2 EP 12784269 A EP12784269 A EP 12784269A EP 2791992 A2 EP2791992 A2 EP 2791992A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
base body
barrier layer
housing base
vapor barrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12784269.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas WOEHRLE
Joachim FETZER
Holger FINK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, Samsung SDI Co Ltd filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2791992A2 publication Critical patent/EP2791992A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119Metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121Organic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224Metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227Organic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/276Inorganic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/278Organic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/282Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hard shell battery housing for a galvanic element comprising at least two alkali metal cells, such a galvanic element, to processes for its production and to a vehicle equipped with such a galvanic element.
  • alkali metal cell An important parameter of the performance is the energy density, which is given, for example, in watt-hours per kilogram (Wh / kg).
  • the capacity of an alkali metal cell is determined by the so-called active or electrochemically active materials.
  • alkali metal cells also include so-called passive materials such as separators, insulators, electrode binders, and packaging members whose weight as well as the weight of the active materials has an influence on the energy density.
  • lithium-ion cells are predestined for a wide range of applications, since they are characterized among other things by high energy densities of the active materials. and extremely low self-discharge.
  • Lithium-ion cells have a positive electrode (cathode) and a negative electrode (anode).
  • the active material of the negative electrode (anode) of a lithium ion cell designed to reversibly store lithium ions (Li + ) (intercalation) or outsource (Deinterkalation) and is therefore also as
  • Intercalation material called. Conventionally, graphite is used on the anode side as an intercalation material.
  • Another attractive battery system is rechargeable metallic lithium systems, which also have a positive electrode (cathode) and negative electrode (anode) in which the active material of the negative electrode (anode) but not lithium intercalating material, but metallic lithium or a lithium alloy is.
  • hardcase housing In order to achieve high mechanical stability and high safety requirements, such as in vehicles to meet lithium ion cells and lithium cells with metallic lithium anode for such applications conventionally by purely metallic hard shell battery housing, so-called hardcase housing) from environmental influences, in particular against the entry of moisture in the Cell interior protected.
  • hard shell battery case are usually made of aluminum by cold deep drawing.
  • metallic hard shell battery housings also protect the components of the cell (s) housed therein from moisture, since the metallic housing material also serves as a moisture barrier or vapor barrier.
  • the present invention relates to a hard shell battery housing for a galvanic element comprising at least two alkali metal cells, in particular lithium cells
  • a housing body with an interior for receiving the cell components of at least two alkali metal cells, in particular lithium cells, and a housing cover for closing the interior of the
  • the housing base body is at least substantially formed of plastic and comprises at least one vapor barrier layer.
  • An alkali metal cell may in particular be understood to mean a galvanic cell which comprises as electrochemically active material, for example anode material, an alkali metal, such as lithium or sodium.
  • a galvanic element which comprises at least two alkali metal cells, in particular a battery or a so-called pack or a so-called module can be understood.
  • a module can be understood in particular to be a galvanic element which comprises> 2 to ⁇ 20, for example> 2 to ⁇ 10, for example> 4 to ⁇ 6, alkali metal cells.
  • a pack may in particular be understood to be a galvanic element which comprises two or more modules. As a battery can be understood both a module and a pack.
  • the hard shell battery housing can be a hardshell module housing or a hardshell pack housing, in particular a hardshell module housing.
  • the cell components of an alkali metal cell can be understood in particular to be the electrochemically active components of an alkali metal cell, such as the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte and / or the conducting salt, and electrical components, such as electrical arresters, electrical insulators and / or separators within the alkali metal cell.
  • a vapor barrier layer may, in particular, be understood as meaning a layer of a material which has a high water vapor diffusion resistance.
  • the material of the vapor barrier layer has a higher water vapor diffusion resistance than the plastic from which the housing base body or the housing cover is formed.
  • the water vapor diffusion resistance of the material of the vapor barrier layer can in particular be significantly higher, for example by a factor> 5, for example by a factor> 10 or even by a factor> 50 or> 90 or If necessary, even by a factor> 1 .000, be greater than the water vapor diffusion resistance of the plastic from which the housing base body or the housing cover is formed.
  • the material of the vapor barrier layer may have a water vapor diffusion resistance number of> 10,000, in particular of> 100,000, for example of> 500,000 or of> 900,000 or even of around 1 million.
  • the housing weight and its material and manufacturing costs can advantageously be significantly reduced.
  • the specific gravimetric energy can be significantly improved at the cell level, which is particularly of particular interest when used in mobile applications.
  • the material weight of the housing cover affects less on the total weight of the hard shell battery housing than the material weight of the housing body. Therefore, it is basically possible to design the housing cover made of metal.
  • both the housing base body and the housing cover are formed at least substantially of plastic, wherein the housing base body and the housing cover comprise at least one vapor barrier layer.
  • the housing base body and the housing cover are essentially made of plastic and not made of metal as in conventional hard shell battery housings, the housing weight and its material and manufacturing costs can advantageously be further reduced and thus the specific gravimetric energy at cell level can be further improved.
  • plastic has electrically insulating properties and, in contrast to metals, is not electrically conductive. This offers the advantage of a club combined electrical insulation and avoidance of insulation problems otherwise occurring in the high-voltage range.
  • the housing base body can be closed by the housing cover, cells accommodated therein are also advantageously not open, are electrically insulated to the outside and can be well protected by the hard shell battery housing against the action of external mechanical forces.
  • the housing is formed substantially from plastic, for example in the case of an accident, the risk that the metallic housing fragments get into the cells, which could possibly lead to an internal short circuit, reduces the risk. In particular, security can be increased. This is particularly advantageous when used in mobile applications, for example in a vehicle.
  • a design of the housing made of plastic over a design of the housing made of metal has the advantage of a freer shape of the housing.
  • a better adaptation of the housing to the shape of the coil can take place.
  • in the interior of the housing rounding can be designed, which, for example, equalizes the cell component package, in particular winding package, an ideal prismatic shape.
  • retainers for positional positioning of the cells can be saved.
  • an optimized housing design can save empty space and free liquid electrolyte inside the cell, improve thermal transitions, achieve a more uniform temperature distribution and extend the lifetime of the galvanic element.
  • a design of the housing made of plastic allows a reduction of vibrations, which in turn has an advantageous effect on the life of electrical contacts, for example between terminals and / or collectors and cell-connecting arrester elements.
  • Lithium ion cells suitable moisture or vapor-tightness can be achieved.
  • vapor barrier layers may even be so blocking against water molecules as conventionally used rolled aluminum foil.
  • a vapor barrier layer can optionally prevent diffusion of electrolyte solvent molecules.
  • plastic and vapor barrier layer therefore makes it advantageously possible to provide a low-weight hard shell battery housing which may be similar or even mechanically stable and vapor-proof as conventional metallic hard shell battery housings and thus, in particular, for galvanic elements having moisture-sensitive components such as alkali metal cells, for example Lithium cells, is suitable and it allows previous metallic housing for galvanic
  • a lithium cell may, in particular, be understood as meaning an alkali metal cell which comprises lithium as electrochemically active material, for example anode material.
  • a lithium cell can be understood as meaning both an alkali metal cell having a metallic lithium anode, such as a lithium oxygen cell, and an alkali metal cell having a lithium-intercalating anode, such as a lithium-ion cell.
  • plastic such as plastic, glass, or glass.
  • Housing body or housing cover can be understood in particular that the material volume of the housing base body or housing cover, which is occupied by plastic, in particular at least more than 75 percent of the total material volume of the housing body or housing cover.
  • the material volume of the housing base body or Housing cover, which is occupied by plastic thereby account for> 90 percent of the total material volume of the housing body or housing cover.
  • at least the supporting portions of the housing base body or housing cover may be formed from plastic.
  • a housing base or housing cover formed at least essentially of plastic may comprise sections of other materials.
  • the housing base or housing cover may comprise sections which comprise a non-plastic-based moisture barrier layer and / or metallic elements, such as electrical interfaces, so-called (outer terminals) and / or hydraulic interfaces and / or interface feedthroughs.
  • the sections of the housing base body or housing cover which are formed of materials other than plastic, for example, in total a material volume of ⁇ 75%, for example, ⁇ 10% occupy.
  • the housing base body or the housing cover are made exclusively or almost exclusively of plastic.
  • the housing base body or the housing cover may be formed exclusively of plastic. Since only a small amount of material is needed to achieve a vapor-barrier effect, in the case of the use of, for example, metallic vapor barrier layer, the housing base body or the housing cover, for example, still be called almost exclusively made of plastic, even if the housing body or the housing cover a small amount comprising metal or semi-metal.
  • the alkali metal cells are lithium-ion cells.
  • Lithium ion cells are a special form of lithium cells and have no metallic lithium anode, but an anode of a so-called intercalation material, such as graphite, in which lithium ions reversibly intercalated and re-outsourced (deintercalated) can.
  • Lithium-ion cells furthermore differ from lithium cells with metallic lithium anodes in that lithium-ion cells generally contain extremely moisture-sensitive conductive salts, for example lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), which in certain circumstances can hydrolyze in the presence of water up to hydrogen fluoride (HF).
  • LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • the interior of the housing base body can be designed to accommodate at least two cell coils, in particular lithium-ion cell coils.
  • a "cell roll” can be understood, for example, to be a coil-shaped component which, in addition to the electrochemically active components of an alkali metal cell, comprises electrical discharge elements such as a cell coil Conductor foils, as well as electrical insulation elements, such as one or more insulation foils and / or one or more separator foils.
  • the vapor barrier layer is applied directly to the material of the housing base body (or of the housing base body and of the housing cover)
  • Layers such as adhesive or adhesive layers omitted and weight, cost and space requirements are further reduced.
  • the vapor barrier layer is a metallic, organic, polymeric or glassy layer. With such layers, advantageously, a vapor barrier effect can be achieved.
  • the vapor barrier layer may have, for example, a layer thickness of> 1 ⁇ to ⁇ 20 ⁇ .
  • the vapor barrier layer is applied by vapor deposition, by sputtering, by electroplating, by spraying, by dipping and / or by roll-plating, in particular by vapor deposition, by sputtering, by electroplating and / or by roll-plating.
  • These application techniques have proven to be advantageous for applying the vapor barrier layer.
  • the vapor barrier layer can be applied in a method step to the housing base body and the housing cover.
  • the substrate in particular the plastic of the housing base body or of the housing cover, can be subjected to a plasma and / or corona treatment before the vapor barrier layer is applied.
  • a plasma and / or corona treatment before the vapor barrier layer is applied.
  • the vapor barrier layer is a metallic layer.
  • the vapor barrier layer may comprise aluminum and / or chromium and / or silicon and / or iron.
  • the vapor barrier layer may be formed from aluminum and / or chromium and / or silicon and / or stainless steel.
  • a metallic vapor barrier layer can be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, by sputtering or by electroplating.
  • the metallic vapor barrier layer may be a superhydrophobic nanostructured layer.
  • the superhydrophobic properties can be achieved in particular analogously to the so-called lotus effect by structuring, in particular in the nanometer range.
  • the metallic vapor barrier layer may comprise at least one nanostructured semi-metal, especially nanostructured silicon.
  • the vapor barrier layer may be formed from at least one nanostructured semi-metal, for example nanostructured silicon.
  • the vapor barrier layer is a metallic layer
  • an insulating layer of an electrically insulating material to at least a portion of the vapor barrier layer, for example, the part adjacent to the interior.
  • an electrical insulation can also be achieved by other measures, for example by the later-explained packaging of cell components in plastic packaging films.
  • the vapor barrier layer may also be an organic layer.
  • the vapor barrier layer may comprise or be formed from parylene.
  • the vapor barrier layer may be a polymeric layer.
  • the vapor barrier layer may comprise or be formed from parylene and / or at least one nanostructured polyolefin.
  • An organic or polymeric vapor barrier layer can be applied, for example, by spraying or dipping, in particular spraying.
  • the organic or polymeric vapor barrier layer may be a superhydrophobic nanostructured layer.
  • the vapor barrier layer may comprise at least one nanostructured polyolefin, in particular nanostructured polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE).
  • the vapor barrier layer may comprise at least one nanostructured polyolefin, for example nanostructured
  • Polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE) may be formed.
  • the vapor barrier layer may also be a glassy layer.
  • the vapor barrier layer may comprise silica.
  • the vapor barrier layer may be formed from at least one nanostructured polyolefin, for example nanostructured polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE), and / or at least one nanostructured semi-metal, for example nanostructured silicon.
  • PP nanostructured polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • nanostructured semi-metal for example nanostructured silicon
  • superhydrophobic materials have the advantage that, even if they are in direct contact with electrochemically active cell components, such as the organic carbonates and / or lithium conducting salt, they can have high long-term chemical and electrochemical stability. Particularly good results could advantageously be achieved with nanostructured polypropylene (PP).
  • PP nanostructured polypropylene
  • at least the surfaces of the housing base body or of the housing base body and of the housing cover lying outside in the closed state of the housing, in particular substantially completely, are covered with a vapor barrier layer.
  • At least the surfaces of the housing base body or of the housing base body and of the housing cover which are located in the closed state of the housing, in particular substantially completely, are covered with a vapor barrier layer.
  • an internal vapor barrier layer in addition to the advantages already explained, has the advantage that, in the case of a defective cell of a module, the other cells of this module, in particular in an embodiment of the hard shell battery housing explained below in which the housing main body interior is subdivided by partitions into compartments can be better protected.
  • the vapor barrier layer is integrated into the plastic of the housing base body or of the housing base body and of the housing cover.
  • the vapor barrier layer can be integrated into the plastic of the housing base body or of the housing cover in such a way that the vapor barrier layer essentially completely surrounds the housing interior in the closed state of the housing.
  • the housing base body or the housing base body and the housing cover are formed at least substantially from a plastic which comprises at least one polymer which is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyphenylene sulfides and combinations thereof.
  • a plastic which comprises at least one polymer which is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyphenylene sulfides and combinations thereof.
  • Housing body and the housing cover from polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer (PP / PE) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) may be formed. These plastics advantageously have sufficient temperature resistance, good chemical resistance and good mechanical stability.
  • the housing base body or the housing cover for example, have a wall thickness of> 100 ⁇ .
  • the housing base body or the housing base body and the housing cover can be produced, for example, by a deep-drawing method or injection molding method, in particular an injection molding method, in particular of plastic.
  • a deep-drawing method or injection molding method in particular an injection molding method, in particular of plastic.
  • the interior of the housing base body is divided by one or more formed therein plastic partitions in separate compartments, the compartments are each designed to hold the cell components of an alkali metal cell, in particular a (lithium ion) cell coil.
  • the cell components can advantageously be electrically isolated from an alkali metal cell arranged in a compartment with respect to the cell components of alkali metal cells arranged in adjacent compartments, in particular without a further method step.
  • the cell components or cell coils in particular individually, without further measures for electrical insulation and without causing a short circuit of the cells are introduced into the different compartments, which also has an advantageous on the packing density can affect.
  • the mechanical stability of the hard shell battery housing can be further increased by the plastic partitions.
  • a defined pressure on the cell components, in particular cell coils, can be applied by the plastic partitions, which can be advantageous for the proper functioning of the cells.
  • the fan bounding surfaces in particular substantially completely, covered with a vapor barrier layer.
  • the vapor barrier layer is a metallic vapor barrier layer
  • the vapor barrier layer may be covered with an insulating layer for electrical insulation of the cellular components to be accommodated in the pockets.
  • the housing base body and the housing cover have connecting elements which are designed to form a tongue and groove connector when the housing is closed.
  • the connecting elements for forming the tongue and groove connector can rotate around the interior opening of the housing base body, in particular completely or without gaps.
  • At least one groove-shaped and / or spring-shaped connecting element can be formed on the end faces of the walls defining the opening of the housing main body interior, in particular wherein the housing cover has corresponding connecting elements for forming a tongue and groove connector.
  • the connecting elements for forming the tongue and groove are formed in order to further improve the sealing effect in the context of this embodiment.
  • the connecting elements covering vapor barrier layers can be applied to each other, for example, be pressed.
  • the connecting elements for forming the tongue and groove connector are partially or completely covered with a vapor barrier layer or provided with a vapor barrier layer integrated therein.
  • the vapor barrier layer is preferably in the region of the connecting elements for forming the tongue and groove
  • the connecting elements can be designed to form a tongue-and-groove connector when the housing is closed, also between the housing cover and the plastic partitions or partition walls for dividing the interior of the housing main body into compartments.
  • the connecting elements can be designed to form a tongue-and-groove connector when the housing is closed, also between the housing cover and the plastic partitions or partition walls for dividing the interior of the housing main body into compartments.
  • at least one groove-shaped and / or spring-shaped connecting element may be formed on the end faces of the housing main body compartmentalized in compartments plastic partitions of the housing body, in particular wherein the housing cover has corresponding thereto connecting elements for forming a tongue and groove connector.
  • the hard shell battery housing may have a tempering device.
  • the tempering device may for example be plate-shaped, for example in the form of a cooling plate configured.
  • the hard shell battery housing may further comprise at least two, in particular externally accessible, hydraulic interfaces.
  • the hard shell battery housing can have at least two, in particular externally accessible, electrical interfaces (terminals) via which alkali metal cells in the interior of the housing can be electrically contacted.
  • Another object of the present invention is a galvanic element comprising a hard shell battery housing according to the invention.
  • the cell components of at least two alkali metal cells can be arranged in the interior of the housing base body of the hard shell battery housing.
  • the interior of the Housing main body of the hard shell battery housing at least two (lithium ion) cell winding can be arranged.
  • the galvanic element may in particular be a battery or a so-called pack or a so-called module.
  • the alkali metal cells may in particular be lithium cells.
  • the alkali metal cells may be lithium-ion cells.
  • As part of an embodiment are in the interior of the alkali metal cells
  • Housing body arranged at least two (alkali) cell winding.
  • at least two lithium-ion cell windings can be arranged in the interior of the housing base body.
  • An alkali metal cell configured as a lithium-ion cell may in particular comprise an anode made of a so-called intercalation material, in which lithium ions are reversibly intercalatable and deintercalable.
  • the anode of a lithium-ion cell may comprise a carbon-based intercalation material, such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, hardcarbons, soft carbon and / or silicon-carbon blends.
  • a lithium ion cell may include, for example, layered transition metal oxides such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) and / or lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM).
  • a lithium-ion cell may in particular comprise at least one conducting salt, for example lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) and / or lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), and optionally at least one solvent, for example ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
  • a lithium-ion cell may in particular comprise a separator.
  • a lithium-ion cell may in particular comprise electrical arrester foils.
  • the anodic conductor foil may, for example, be made of copper and the cathodic conductor foil of aluminum.
  • the interior of the housing base body is divided by one or more formed therein plastic partitions in separate compartments.
  • the cell components of the alkali metal cells are each packed separately in plastic packaging films, the cell components packed in plastic packaging films, in particular (lithium ion) cell wraps, being arranged in the housing base body.
  • the plastic packaging films advantageously enable the cell components, in particular cell wraps, of an alkali metal cell to be electrically insulated from the cell components of adjacent alkali metal cells, in particular without a further process step. Since the electrical insulation can be ensured by the plastic packaging films, the plastic packaging films of two or more, each separately packaged alkali metal cells can touch, without causing a short circuit. Thus, in turn, advantageously, a galvanic element with high packing density can be provided. In addition, an electrical insulation with respect to an adjacent metallic vapor barrier layer can be ensured by the plastic packaging films.
  • a defined pressure on the cell components, in particular cell wraps, can be applied by the plastic packaging foils, which can be advantageous for the proper functioning of the cells.
  • the plastic packaging films comprise at least one polar-modified, in particular grafted, polyolefin, for example polypropylene, for example maleic acid-grafted polypropylene.
  • the plastic packaging films may be formed from at least one polar modified, in particular grafted, polyolefin, for example polypropylene, for example maleic acid grafted polypropylene.
  • Polar modified polyolefins may advantageously have extremely high adhesion to metals. Thus, advantageously, a good sealing effect between plastic packaging films and metallic
  • Conductor elements for example, Ableiterstatten, so-called collectors, for example, made of copper, aluminum or nickel, can be achieved.
  • the cell components, in particular cell wraps, of the individual alkali metal cells can each be welded into plastic packaging foils.
  • the plastic packaging films can be made advantageously thin and, for example, have a film thickness of> 20 ⁇ to ⁇ 100 ⁇ .
  • the plastic packaging films also have at least one vapor barrier layer.
  • these may be the types of vapor barrier layers explained in connection with the hard shell battery housing according to the invention.
  • the vapor barrier layer may be integrated into the plastic of the packaging film and / or cover the outside and / or inside of the packaging film.
  • the plastic packaging film has a metallic vapor barrier layer, it can be electrically insulated from the cell components or other electrically conductive components by one or more, for example, internal, insulating layers or plastic film layers of the packaging film.
  • an electrical, for example, serial and / or parallel electrical connection of two or more alkali metal cells, in particular to a module takes place in the interior of the hard shell battery housing.
  • the internal electrical connections can be protected.
  • An electrical contacting of the cells interconnected in the interior can take place in particular via the at least two, in particular externally accessible, electrical interfaces (terminals).
  • the number of connections can thus be reduced to a few, for example for power, control / diagnosis and temperature control, which makes the galvanic element a functional unit.
  • This also has a simplifying effect on the assembly, for example, in that fewer work steps in the high-voltage range must be carried out.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a process for producing a galvanic element according to the invention, which comprises the following process steps:
  • process step d) of the plastic of the housing body or the Plastic of the housing body and the housing cover for example, provided by a in the process of the invention explained application technique, provided with at least one vapor barrier layer or coated, and / or
  • At least one vapor barrier layer is integrated in the plastic of the housing base body or in the plastic of the housing base body and of the housing cover.
  • the method may further the method step c1) cohesive bonding, in particular by welding, for example plasma welding, the housing cover to the housing base body.
  • a continuous, in particular seamless and / or circumferential, material-bonded connection region for example in the form of a circumferential weld, can be created.
  • the cohesive connection region can advantageously also be coated with the at least one vapor barrier layer.
  • the plastic surface of the housing base body and housing cover before applying the vapor barrier layer of a plasma and / or Korona treatment.
  • step a) the interior of the housing base is subdivided into separate compartments by forming one or more plastic partitions.
  • the cell components of two or more alkali metal cells, in particular two or more (lithium ion) cell coils, can be introduced in different compartments.
  • two or more alkali metal cells are introduced into the interior of the housing base body, the cell components thereof, in particular the cell components. Wickel, each separately packaged in plastic packaging films.
  • the packaging of the cell components of an alkali metal cell, in particular of a cell coil takes place in that the cell components of an alkali metal cell, in particular a cell coil, are encased by a plastic packaging film and their openings are subsequently closed, for example by welding.
  • the cell components of an alkali metal cell, in particular a cell coil can be introduced into a pocket-shaped plastic packaging film whose opening is then closed, for example by welding.
  • the alkali metal cell may in particular comprise electrical arrester elements. These may be formed, for example, in the form of arrester foils, arrester pins (collectors), arrester cables and arrester plates.
  • electrical arrester foils integrated into the winding can be electrically contacted by inserting two electrical arrester pins (collectors) at positions in the cell winding, where they respectively electrically contact one of the arrester foils (cathodic or anodic conductor foil).
  • the arrester pins (collectors) can each be formed from the same material as the arrester foil to be contacted therewith.
  • an aluminum cathodic lead foil may be electrically contacted with a drain pin (collectors) made of aluminum and an anode lead foil made of copper with a copper arrester pin (collectors).
  • the insertion of the Ableiterstatte (collectors) can be, for example, parallel to the winding axis.
  • the insertion of the arrester pins can in principle be carried out both before and after the packaging of the cell components of an alkali metal cell, in particular a cell coil, in a plastic packaging film.
  • Another object of the present invention is a galvanic element produced by a method according to the invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is a mobile or stationary system, for example a vehicle, which comprises at least one inventive galvanic element.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a hardshell module housing according to the invention and galvanic element for or with six series-connected alkali metal cells;
  • FIG. 1 b shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a hardshell module housing according to the invention and a galvanic element for or with six alkali metal cells connected in parallel;
  • FIGS. 2a-8 are schematic views for illustrating an embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is designed for the production of the hard shell module housing or galvanic elements shown in Figure 1 a and 1 b ..;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the hard shell battery housing according to the invention, into which the housing main body interior by partition walls in inei- nander separated compartments is divided for receiving a cell coil;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross section through an embodiment of the hard shell battery housing according to the invention, in which the housing base body and the housing cover are equipped with connecting elements for forming a tongue and groove connector for airtight sealing of the housing.
  • FIG. 1a shows a galvanic element, in particular module 10, with a hardshell module housing 10, by which the cell components of six series-connected alkali metal cells are protected from environmental influences.
  • the alkali metal cells may in particular be a lithium-ion cell.
  • the cell components of the alkali metal cells may be formed in particular in the form of cell coils.
  • FIG. 1b shows a similar module 10, which differs from the module 10 shown in FIG. 1a in that the cells are connected in parallel instead of in series, and therefore the electrical interfaces (terminals) 15, 16 are formed in other positions.
  • the alkali metal cells may also be lithium-ion cells.
  • the cell components of the alkali metal cell may also be formed in particular in the form of cell wraps.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b illustrate that the hard-shell module housings have a housing base body 12 with an interior space (not shown) for receiving the cell components of the alkali metal cells and a housing cover 13 for closing the interior of the housing base body 12.
  • the housing base body 12 and the housing cover 13 are essentially made of plastic. The surfaces of the housing base body 12 and outer surfaces lying in the closed state of the housing shown in FIG.
  • Housing cover 13 are each substantially completely covered with a vapor barrier layer 14, which after the introduction of the cell components in the interiors of the housing base body 12 and after closing the interiors of the housing base body 12 with the housing covers 13 on the plastic of the housing base body 12 and housing cover 13 by a
  • Housing cover 13 with a layer can be understood that surface portions of the housing base body 12 and the housing cover 13, which are already covered by other components, such as washers, covered uncovered during spraying. A penetration of moisture can in fact be ensured in this case, since on the one hand, the covering components may have a vapor-blocking effect and on the other hand have the covering components without even a vapor barrier effect by the subsequent application also with the vapor barrier layer 14 and thus with a steam-blocking effect can be provided.
  • Figures 2a to 8 illustrate an embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is designed for the production of the hard shell module housing or module shown in Figures 1 a and 1 b.
  • FIG. 2a shows that a cell coil 30, for example a lithium-ion cell coil, is provided, which has a winding axis perpendicular to the lower edge of the sheet and is wound in such a way that both the copper anodic drain sheet 31 and the outer aluminum cathodic drain sheet 32 are accessible from the outside is.
  • the cell coil 30 is held together by a foil 33 of an electrically insulating material.
  • FIG. 2b shows derivation elements 5, 6 for electrical contacting of the anodic 31 and cathodic 32 arrester foil of the cell coil 30 shown in FIG. 2a, which are designed as arrester pins (collectors) 5, 6 for electrical contacting of the arrester foils 31, 32 within the housing.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the arrester elements 5, 6 shown in FIG. 2 b can be plugged into the cell winding 30 shown in FIG. 2 a such that one arrester pin (collector) 5, the anodic arrester foil and the other arrester pin
  • FIG. 4 illustrates that the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 is introduced into a pocket-shaped plastic packaging film 17.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates that after the introduction of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 into the pocket-shaped plastic packaging film 17, the arrester pins (collectors) 5, 6 partially protrude from the plastic film pocket 17.
  • the opening of the plastic film bag 17 can then be welded, for example.
  • the plastic film bag 17 is formed of a transparent material.
  • the material for the plastic film bag 17 in particular maleic acid grafted polypropylene is suitable because it adheres well to the metallic Ableiterstatten (collectors) 5,6 and thus a good sealing effect can be achieved.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b illustrate that six cell wraps 30 so packed in plastic packaging films 17 were introduced into a housing base body 12, wherein the cell wraps 30 shown in FIG. 6a are connected in series and the cell wraps 30 shown in FIG. 6b are connected in parallel and with electrical interfaces (FIG. Terminals) 15,16 were equipped.
  • FIGs 7a and 7b show that after closing the interiors of the housing base body 12 with housing covers 13, the electrical interfaces
  • FIGS. 12a and 12b further illustrate that, depending on the type of interconnection, the position of the electrical interfaces (terminals) 15, 16 can vary.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates that after closing the housing, the outer surfaces of the housing base body 12 and the housing cover 13 as well as the joint and possibly adjacent components are provided with a vapor barrier layer 14 by a coating technique, which is shown here for illustration purposes as a spraying technique.
  • a coating technique which is shown here for illustration purposes as a spraying technique.
  • toothed configuration of the housing base body 12 and the housing cover 13 the interior of the housing base 12 can be hermetically sealed by joining the two housing components.
  • the housing base body 12 and the housing cover 13 can be welded together, for example by plasma welding, or to glue.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a hardshell module housing, into which the interior of the housing base body 12 is divided by partition walls 19 into compartments F which are separated from one another and which each accommodate a cell coil 30.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of a hard-shell module housing in which the housing base body 12 and the housing cover 13 are equipped with connecting elements Z for forming a tongue-and-groove connector for airtight sealing of the housing.
  • the connecting elements Z preferably also circulate the interior opening of the housing base body 12.
  • the connecting elements Z are also at least partially covered with the vapor barrier layer 14 so that the vapor barrier layers 14 of the connecting elements Z of the housing base body 12 and the housing cover 13 abut each other when forming the connector.
  • a particularly good sealing effect can be achieved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un boîtier de batterie à coque rigide pour un élément galvanique (10), comprenant au moins deux cellules au métal alcalin , ledit boîtier de batterie à coque rigide comprenant un corps principal de boîtier (12) présentant un espace intérieur pour la réception des composants (30) d'au moins deux cellules au métal alcalin, et un couvercle de boîtier (13) servant à fermer l'espace intérieur du corps principal de boîtier (12), le corps principal de boîtier (12) étant formé au moins en majeure partie de plastique, et doté d'au moins une couche barrière contre l'humidité (14). L'invention concerne en outre un tel élément galvanique (10), des procédés permettant de le produire, ainsi qu'un véhicule équipé d'un tel élément galvanique (10).
EP12784269.8A 2011-12-15 2012-11-14 Boîtier de batterie à coque rigide à couche barrière contre l'humidité Withdrawn EP2791992A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011088637A DE102011088637A1 (de) 2011-12-15 2011-12-15 Hartschalenbatteriegehäuse mit Dampfsperrschicht
PCT/EP2012/072529 WO2013087325A2 (fr) 2011-12-15 2012-11-14 Boîtier de batterie à coque rigide à couche barrière contre l'humidité

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2791992A2 true EP2791992A2 (fr) 2014-10-22

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EP12784269.8A Withdrawn EP2791992A2 (fr) 2011-12-15 2012-11-14 Boîtier de batterie à coque rigide à couche barrière contre l'humidité

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EP (1) EP2791992A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011088637A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013087325A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012205810A1 (de) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hartschalenbatteriegehäuse mit Temperiereinrichtung
EP2874197B1 (fr) * 2013-11-15 2017-10-18 Saft Groupe S.A. Conception de batterie et procédé d'assemblage
FR3014635B1 (fr) * 2013-12-09 2017-08-11 Renault Sas Equipement electrique a haute tension comportant un boitier rigide double d'un film indechirable isolant electriquement et vehicule embarquant un tel equipement
DE102015213991A1 (de) * 2015-07-24 2017-01-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse für ein Batteriemodul und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Batteriemoduls
DE102015224493A1 (de) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrochemischen Energiespeichereinheit, Gehäuse für eine elektrochemische Energiespeichereinheit, elektrochemische Energiespeichereinheit, elektrisches Energiespeichersystem und Verwendung des elektrischen Energiespeichersystems
DE102016118753A1 (de) * 2016-10-04 2018-04-05 Johnson Controls Advanced Power Solutions Gmbh Energiespeichersystem
DE102016118752A1 (de) 2016-10-04 2018-04-05 Johnson Controls Advanced Power Solutions Gmbh Energiespeichermodul und verfahren zum herstellen hiervon
US10950912B2 (en) 2017-06-14 2021-03-16 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Arrangements for inhibiting intrusion into battery pack electrical components
DE102020126467A1 (de) 2020-10-09 2022-04-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Batteriezelle mit mehreren Elektrodeneinheiten in einem gemeinsamen Batteriezellgehäuse

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US20040137321A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-07-15 Jean-Francois Savaria Casing for an energy storage device
US7855011B2 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-12-21 International Battery, Inc. Monoblock lithium ion battery
US20100136402A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-06-03 Tesla Motors, Inc. Sealed battery enclosure

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WO2013087325A3 (fr) 2015-11-26
DE102011088637A1 (de) 2013-06-20

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