EP2790163A1 - Device for carrying out a financial transaction - Google Patents
Device for carrying out a financial transaction Download PDFInfo
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- EP2790163A1 EP2790163A1 EP20130163185 EP13163185A EP2790163A1 EP 2790163 A1 EP2790163 A1 EP 2790163A1 EP 20130163185 EP20130163185 EP 20130163185 EP 13163185 A EP13163185 A EP 13163185A EP 2790163 A1 EP2790163 A1 EP 2790163A1
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238634 Libellulidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000004752 Laburnum anagyroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F19/00—Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machines
- G07F19/20—Automatic teller machines [ATMs]
- G07F19/205—Housing aspects of ATMs
- G07F19/2055—Anti-skimming aspects at ATMs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for carrying out a financial transaction according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for protecting a device for carrying out a financial transaction.
- Such a device may be, for example, an ATM, in which a user makes a financial transaction, for example in the form of a lift-off operation.
- the device can also be a device for carrying out a general bank transaction, for example a transfer transaction or the like, a payment terminal or a ticket vending machine.
- Such a device comprises a reading device for reading data of an identification device of a user, at least one magnetic field coil for generating an alternating magnetic field in a detection area on the reading device and a control and evaluation device, which is designed to drive the at least one magnetic field coil for generating the alternating magnetic field and at least one dependent on the generated magnetic alternating field characteristic to monitor the at least one magnetic field coil to detect an object in the detection range based on the characteristic.
- skimming modules such as a credit card or debit card, the purpose of which is to read data from the magnetic stripe card, in this way to obtain knowledge about user information and possibly also an identification number (the so-called PIN) tap. If relevant card information is known and the relevant identification number is also available, third parties may fraudulently withdraw money from the account to which the data refer.
- Skimming modules can for example be designed as readers, which are preset to the actual readers.
- a foreign reader in the form of a plastic frame can be attached to a card slot of an ATM, so that upon insertion of a magnetic stripe card into the card slot, the foreign reader reads out data from the magnetic stripe card.
- anti-skimming modules are used in ATMs, whose purpose is to detect a manipulation of a reader.
- antiskimming modules should detect when an additional reader has been attached to a card slot.
- an electrical or magnetic alternating field is generated within a detection range on the reading device.
- the alternating field changes, so that changes a characteristic at the antenna, for example, the input impedance of the antenna.
- the change can be detected and evaluated to generate an alarm based on the change or to put the device out of service.
- capacitive sensors are used to generate an alternating electric field or magnetic field coils for generating an alternating magnetic field.
- a metal detector is known which generates an electromagnetic field in the region of a card slot to determine whether a foreign reading device has been installed based on the properties of the electromagnetic field.
- Known device uses a capacitive proximity sensor at an ATM.
- an ATM antiskimming unit with a capacitive sensor operating at 32 kHz is known.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device for carrying out a financial transaction and a method for protecting such a device, in which the risk of a false alarm is reduced.
- the magnetic alternating field generated by the at least one magnetic field coil has a frequency greater than 100 kHz.
- the present invention is based on the recognition that in order to reliably detect a foreign body, in particular a foreign reader, in the region of a reading device on a device for carrying out a monetary transaction, the detection range of a magnetic field coil may be small in size and should even be small. Skimming modules, ie fraudulently mounted on a reader proper third-party readers, are usually in close proximity to the actual reader of the device, such as the ATM. It is therefore only necessary to monitor an area in the immediate vicinity of the reader.
- the magnetic field coil can thus be controlled in such a way that it generates an alternating magnetic field predominantly in a detection area located in the vicinity of the reading device and the detection area is thus limited to an area in the immediate vicinity of the reader of the device.
- the detection range is chosen small by reducing the range of the magnetic field coil, the risk of a false alarm can be reduced. Only those objects are detected which are directly approximated to the actual reading device of the device, for example by attaching a third-party reader ("skimmer") to the reading device.
- the reduction of the range of the magnetic field coil is achieved by operating the magnetic field coil for generating an alternating magnetic field at a comparatively high frequency.
- magnetic field coils are operated in the low kilohertz range.
- the generated alternating magnetic field has a frequency greater than 100 kHz, preferably greater than 1 GHz, for example in a range between 2 and 6 GHz, preferably between 2.3 and 2.5 GHz, for example at 2.45 GHz , the near field region of the magnetic field coil is reduced in volume. Since a detection of approximated objects preferably takes place in the near field region of the magnetic field coil, the range for the detection of a foreign body is thus reduced.
- the size of the near field of a magnetic field coil changes with the wavelength (which is inversely proportional to the frequency).
- the alternating magnetic field passes into the far field, for example at a distance between one wavelength and two wavelengths.
- the free space wavelength is 30 cm, at 2 GHz 15 cm.
- the near field is correspondingly small at these frequencies.
- the evaluation device is preferably designed to monitor the characteristic impedance of the input impedance of the at least one magnetic field coil.
- the recognition of a foreign body approximated to the reading device then takes place by detecting a change in the characteristic variable, ie the input impedance, and if the characteristic variable changes by more than a predetermined amount, eg compared to a reference value (in the case of a non-manipulated device), ie, for example Input impedance exceeds or falls below a threshold, an alarm is generated and / or initiated a suitable countermeasure, such as any financial transaction suppressed.
- the device has two magnetic field coils, one of which generates a first alternating magnetic field having a first frequency greater than 100 kHz and of which a second magnetic alternating field having a second frequency which is lower than the first frequency.
- a first magnetic field coil can generate a high-frequency alternating field and a second magnetic field coil can generate a low-frequency alternating field.
- the first magnetic field coil can generate an alternating field between 2 and 3 GHz, for example at 2.45 GHz, while the other magnetic field coil generates an alternating field with a frequency in the kilohertz range, for example between 10 and 50 kHz.
- An additional, second detection may be performed by means of the second, low-frequency magnetic alternating field, in order to be able to reduce the risk of a false alarm due to moisture (rain, dew) in the region of the reader.
- Moisture due to e.g. Rain in the area of the reader could possibly lead to a misinterpretation in the evaluation of the parameter obtained due to the first alternating magnetic field, e.g. the input impedance, so that by evaluating a dependent of the second alternating magnetic field characteristic, e.g. the input impedance of a second magnetic field coil, a second detection signal can be obtained, which in addition to determining whether a harmful foreign body is present or not, can be used.
- the second magnetic field coil operated at a different frequency for generating a low-frequency magnetic alternating field can also be used to generate an interference field such that a data signal read out by a foreign reader is superimposed with noise so that data contained in the signal can not be detected.
- the first magnetic field coil thus serves to detect a third-party reader, while the second, low-frequency magnetic field coil for noise of a signal and thus serves as a defense countermeasure against reading data from an identification device such as a credit card or debit card by a foreign reader.
- control and evaluation device may be configured to generate an alarm only when a parameter associated with the first magnetic field coil, as well as a parameter associated with the second magnetic field coil, respectively Change experiences, which exceeds a respective assigned, predetermined amount. An alarm is therefore only triggered if a (significant) change in the conditions is detected both at the first magnetic field coil and at the second magnetic field coil. If only a magnetic field coil detects a relevant change in the parameter, no alarm is triggered.
- the magnetic alternating field generated by the at least one magnetic field coil has a frequency greater than 100 kHz.
- Fig. 1 shows in a schematic arrangement a device 1, which is designed to carry out a financial transaction.
- the device 1 may be, for example an ATM, where money can be withdrawn, or a terminal to effect a bank transaction, e.g. As a transfer or the like act.
- the device 1 can also be embodied, for example, as a ticket machine or as a payment terminal to which, for example, a payment transaction in a business environment can be carried out by means of a credit card or a debit card.
- the device 1 comprises a reading device 10 with a card slot into which an identification device 4 in the form of, for example, a magnetic stripe card can be inserted.
- the identification device 4 is used to identify and authorize a user and contains, for example, on a magnetic strip, stored information that can be read by the reader 10 and optionally in connection with the entry of an identification number (so-called PIN) to authorize the user to make a financial transaction serve.
- PIN identification number
- Such foreign readers which are used fraudulently, may for example have the form of a plastic frame, which is attached to a card slot of the reader 10 and through which the identification device 4 in the form of the magnetic stripe card is guided on insertion into the reading device 10. If, in addition, an identification number of the user is tapped, the information read out enables a third party to carry out transactions such as payment transactions and withdrawals using the information.
- a control and evaluation device 2 is provided in the device 1, which is connected to magnetic field coils 20, 21.
- the magnetic field coils 20, 21 serve to generate an alternating magnetic field H in the region of the reading device 10, so that an object 3, which is located in a detection range on the reading device 10, interacts with the alternating magnetic field H and the inductance or input impedance of the magnetic field coils 20th , 21 changes what can be evaluated by the control and evaluation device 2, if necessary, an alarm or to initiate an appropriate countermeasure, for example, a financial transaction stop.
- the magnetic field coil 20, 21 are driven by the control and evaluation unit 2 to generate a magnetic alternating field with a frequency greater than 100 kHz.
- the detection area in which an object 3 can be detected essentially corresponds to the near field of the magnetic field coils 20, 21, in which predominantly a magnetic field H is generated.
- the magnetic field H interacts in particular with objects 3 which have a material with a high permeability or conductivity.
- objects 3 which have a material with a high permeability or conductivity.
- parasitic, foreign objects 3 can be detected in the form of reading devices, which have, for example, a battery for electrical supply.
- magnetic field coils 20, 21 are operated on such devices 1 with a comparatively low frequency in the kilohertz range, for example between 20 and 30 kHz.
- the range of the near field is comparatively large, which possibly leads to other objects 3 interacting with the magnetic field H, although they are arranged neither in particular spatial proximity to the reader 10 nor fraudulently the device 1 be approximated.
- the device 1 may have a sun visor, which can be adjusted. When adjusting such a sun visor, no signals may be detected at the control and evaluation device 2, which would falsely indicate the presence of a harmful object 3.
- a magnetic field coil 20, 21 fed with a low-frequency current I the result is a quasi-static alternating magnetic field H ..
- the magnetic field coil 20, 21 is supplied with a high-frequency current I (t), as shown schematically in FIG Figs. 3A to 3C is shown, the result is a magnetic field H (t) in the high frequency range.
- a magnetic field H (t) in the high frequency range.
- an alternating magnetic field having a frequency greater than 1 GHz, for example in a frequency range between 2 and 6 GHz, preferably between 2.3 and 2.5 GHz, for example, around 2.45 GHz generated become.
- the range of the near field N is comparatively small and is for example of the order of the wavelength of the generated magnetic field H.
- a comparatively small interaction with the magnetic field H of the magnetic field coil 20, 21, which can be explained in a highly simplified representation that detach magnetic waves H1, H2 from the magnetic field coil 20, 21 and only after detachment with the object 3 interact in the far field.
- This is schematically in Figs. 3B and 3C shown.
- the detection range in which the magnetic field coil 20, 21 reacts sensitively to an object 3, thus in its extension, ie its volume, reduced become.
- the detection range corresponds approximately to the near field of the magnetic field coil 20, 21.
- two magnetic field coils 20, 21 are provided, one of which is a high frequency for generating a high-frequency magnetic field H and the other low-frequency to generate a low-frequency magnetic field H.
- the two magnetic field coils 20, 21 may have different functions in combination.
- first magnetic field coil eg magnetic field coil 20
- second magnetic field coil eg magnetic field coil 21
- an interference field can be generated, which - optionally in response to detection by the first magnetic field coil 20, superimposed by a foreign reader data signals with noise and thus makes unusable.
- the low-frequency magnetic field coil 20, 21 changes its input impedance, this can indicate a foreign body at a great distance, but not a harmful object 3 in the immediate vicinity of the reader 10. Recognize both the high-frequency magnetic field coil 20, 21 and the low-frequency magnetic field coil 20 , 21 a foreign body, this may indicate a harmful object 3, so a "skimmer" in the immediate area of the reader 10, so that an alarm is issued accordingly.
- the evaluation of the signals generated by the magnetic field coils 20, 21 is carried out by the control and evaluation 2.
- the control and evaluation 2 for example, the input impedance Z of the magnetic field coils 20, 21 evaluate to a change in the input impedance and for example a comparison with a reference value (corresponding to a value at unmanipulated device 1) to conclude the presence of an object 3. For example, if the input impedance Z changes by more than a predetermined amount and exceeds or falls below a threshold value, this may indicate a harmful object 3. Accordingly, the control and evaluation unit 2 evaluates this, wherein the control and evaluation unit 2 optionally only with a suitable combination of signals at two magnetic field coils 20, 21 on the actual presence of a harmful object 3 in the region of the reader 10 closes.
- the input impedance Z represents insofar a characteristic of the magnetic field coil 20, 21, which is evaluated by the control and evaluation unit 2 in order to conclude the presence of a harmful object 3.
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Abstract
Eine Vorrichtung (1) zur Durchführung einer Geldtransaktion umfasst ein Lesegerät (10) zum Lesen von Daten einer Identifikationseinrichtung (4) eines Nutzers, mindestens eine Magnetfeldspule (20, 21) zum Erzeugen eines magnetischen Wechselfeldes (H) in einem Erfassungsbereich an dem Lesegerät (10) und eine Steuer- und Auswerteinrichtung (2), die ausgebildet ist, die mindestens eine Magnetfeldspule (20, 21) zum Erzeugen des magnetischen Wechselfeldes (H) anzusteuern und zumindest eine von dem erzeugten magnetischen Wechselfeld (H) abhängende Kenngröße (Z) der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule (20, 21) zu überwachen, um anhand der Kenngröße (Z) ein dem Lesegerät (10) angenähertes Objekt (3) zu erfassen. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass das von der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule (20, 21) erzeugte magnetische Wechselfeld (H) eine Frequenz größer als 100 kHz aufweist. Auf diese Weise wird eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Geldtransaktion geschaffen, bei der das Risiko eines Fehlalarms reduziert ist.A device (1) for carrying out a financial transaction comprises a reading device (10) for reading data of an identification device (4) of a user, at least one magnetic field coil (20, 21) for generating an alternating magnetic field (H) in a detection range on the reading device ( 10) and a control and evaluation device (2) which is designed to control the at least one magnetic field coil (20, 21) for generating the alternating magnetic field (H) and at least one of the generated magnetic alternating field (H) dependent characteristic (Z) to monitor the at least one magnetic field coil (20, 21) in order to detect an object (3) approximated to the reading device (10) on the basis of the parameter (Z). It is provided that the magnetic alternating field (H) generated by the at least one magnetic field coil (20, 21) has a frequency greater than 100 kHz. In this way, an apparatus for carrying out a financial transaction is created in which the risk of a false alarm is reduced.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Geldtransaktion nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Schutz einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Geldtransaktion.The invention relates to a device for carrying out a financial transaction according to the preamble of
Bei einer derartigen Vorrichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Geldautomaten handeln, bei dem ein Nutzer eine Geldtransaktion beispielsweise in Form eines Abhebevorgangs vornimmt. Bei der Vorrichtung kann es sich aber auch um eine Vorrichtung zur Vornahme einer allgemeinen Banktransaktion, beispielsweise eines Überweisungsvorgangs oder dergleichen, ein Bezahlterminal oder einen Fahrkartenautomaten handeln.Such a device may be, for example, an ATM, in which a user makes a financial transaction, for example in the form of a lift-off operation. However, the device can also be a device for carrying out a general bank transaction, for example a transfer transaction or the like, a payment terminal or a ticket vending machine.
Eine derartige Vorrichtung umfasst ein Lesegerät zum Lesen von Daten einer Identifikationseinrichtung eines Nutzers, mindestens eine Magnetfeldspule zum Erzeugen eines magnetischen Wechselfeldes in einem Erfassungsbereich an dem Lesegerät und eine Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung, die ausgebildet ist, die mindestens eine Magnetfeldspule zum Erzeugen des magnetischen Wechselfeldes anzusteuern und zumindest eine von dem erzeugten magnetischen Wechselfeld abhängige Kenngröße der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule zu überwachen, um anhand der Kenngröße ein Objekt in dem Erfassungsbereich zu erfassen.Such a device comprises a reading device for reading data of an identification device of a user, at least one magnetic field coil for generating an alternating magnetic field in a detection area on the reading device and a control and evaluation device, which is designed to drive the at least one magnetic field coil for generating the alternating magnetic field and at least one dependent on the generated magnetic alternating field characteristic to monitor the at least one magnetic field coil to detect an object in the detection range based on the characteristic.
Insbesondere an Geldautomaten besteht das Problem, dass Dritte in betrügerischer Absicht sogenannte Skimming-Module ("Skimmer") im Bereich eines Lesegeräts, beispielsweise im Bereich eines Kartenschlitzes eines Lesegeräts zum Lesen einer Magnetstreifenkarte wie einer Kreditkarte oder EC-Karte, anbringen, deren Zweck es ist, Daten der Magnetstreifenkarte auszulesen, um auf diese Weise Kenntnis über Nutzerinformationen zu erhalten und gegebenenfalls auch eine Identifikationsnummer (die sogenannte PIN) abzugreifen. Sind relevante Karteninformationen bekannt und liegt zudem die relevante Identifikationsnummer vor, so kann durch Dritte in betrügerischer Absicht Geld von dem Konto, auf das sich die Daten beziehen, abgehoben werden.In particular at ATMs, there is the problem that third parties fraudulently attach so-called skimming modules ("skimmers") in the area of a reader, for example in the area of a card slot of a reader for reading a magnetic stripe card such as a credit card or debit card, the purpose of which is to read data from the magnetic stripe card, in this way to obtain knowledge about user information and possibly also an identification number (the so-called PIN) tap. If relevant card information is known and the relevant identification number is also available, third parties may fraudulently withdraw money from the account to which the data refer.
Skimming-Module können beispielsweise als Lesegeräte ausgestaltet sein, die den eigentlichen Lesegeräten vorgesetzt werden. So kann beispielsweise an einem Kartenschlitz eines Geldautomaten ein fremdes Lesegerät in Form eines Kunststoffrahmens angebracht werden, so dass bei Einschieben einer Magnetstreifenkarte in den Kartenschlitz das fremde Lesegerät Daten von der Magnetstreifenkarte ausliest.Skimming modules can for example be designed as readers, which are preset to the actual readers. Thus, for example, a foreign reader in the form of a plastic frame can be attached to a card slot of an ATM, so that upon insertion of a magnetic stripe card into the card slot, the foreign reader reads out data from the magnetic stripe card.
Aus diesem Grunde werden bei Geldautomaten sogenannte Antiskimming-Module eingesetzt, deren Ziel es ist, eine Manipulation an einem Lesegerät zu erkennen. Beispielsweise sollen solche Antiskimming-Module erfassen, wenn ein zusätzliches Lesegerät an einen Kartenschlitz angesetzt worden ist.For this reason, so-called anti-skimming modules are used in ATMs, whose purpose is to detect a manipulation of a reader. For example, such antiskimming modules should detect when an additional reader has been attached to a card slot.
Im Rahmen eines solchen Antiskimming-Moduls wird innerhalb eines Erfassungsbereichs an dem Lesegerät ein elektrisches oder magnetisches Wechselfeld erzeugt. Bei Einbringen eines Objekts in dieses Wechselfeld, beispielsweise bei Ansetzen eines Fremdkörpers in Form eines zusätzlichen Lesegeräts an den Kartenschlitz eines bereits vorhandenen Lesegeräts, ändert sich das Wechselfeld, so dass sich an der Antenne eine Kenngröße, beispielsweise die Eingangsimpedanz der Antenne, ändert. Die Änderung kann erfasst und ausgewertet werden, um anhand der Änderung einen Alarm zu erzeugen oder die Vorrichtung außer Betrieb zu setzen.As part of such an anti-skimming module, an electrical or magnetic alternating field is generated within a detection range on the reading device. When introducing an object into this alternating field, for example, when attaching a foreign body in the form of an additional reader to the card slot of an existing reader, the alternating field changes, so that changes a characteristic at the antenna, for example, the input impedance of the antenna. The change can be detected and evaluated to generate an alarm based on the change or to put the device out of service.
Herkömmlich werden kapazitive Sensoren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Wechselfeldes oder Magnetfeldspulen zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Wechselfeldes eingesetzt. Aus der
Derzeitige Vorrichtungen, die Magnetfeldspulen zum Überwachen eines einem Lesegerät vorgelagerten Bereichs verwenden, haben den Nachteil, dass häufig der Erfassungsbereich, in dem potenziell ein Objekt erkannt werden kann, groß ist. Dies kann zu einem Fehlalarm führen, beispielsweise dann, wenn eine Sonnenblende an einem Geldautomat bewegt wird und sich der Erfassungsbereich der Magnetfeldspule auch auf die Sonnenblende erstreckt.Current devices that use magnetic field coils to monitor a region upstream of a reader have the disadvantage that often the detection range in which an object can potentially be detected is large. This can lead to a false alarm, for example, when a sun visor is moved at an ATM and the detection range of the magnetic field coil extends to the sun visor.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Geldtransaktion sowie ein Verfahren zum Schutz einer solchen Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, bei denen das Risiko eines Fehlalarms reduziert ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a device for carrying out a financial transaction and a method for protecting such a device, in which the risk of a false alarm is reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Gegenstand mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an article having the features of
Demnach ist vorgesehen, dass das von der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule erzeugte magnetische Wechselfeld eine Frequenz größer als 100 kHz aufweist.Accordingly, it is provided that the magnetic alternating field generated by the at least one magnetic field coil has a frequency greater than 100 kHz.
Die vorliegende Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass zum zuverlässigen Erfassen eines Fremdkörpers, insbesondere eines Fremdlesegeräts, im Bereich eines Lesegeräts an einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Geldtransaktion der Erfassungsbereich einer Magnetfeldspule klein dimensioniert sein darf und sogar klein dimensioniert sein sollte. Skimming-Module, also in betrügerischer Absicht an einem eigentlichen Lesegerät angebrachte Fremdlesegeräte, befinden sich in der Regel in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nähe zu dem eigentlichen Lesegerät der Vorrichtung, beispielsweise des Geldautomaten. Es ist somit ausschließlich erforderlich, einen Bereich in unmittelbarer Nähe des Lesegeräts zu überwachen. Die Magnetfeldspule kann somit so angesteuert werden, dass sie vorwiegend in einem in räumlicher Nähe zum Lesegerät befindlichen Erfassungsbereich ein magnetisches Wechselfeld erzeugt und der Erfassungsbereich somit beschränkt ist auf einen Bereich in unmittelbarer Nähe des Lesegeräts der Vorrichtung.The present invention is based on the recognition that in order to reliably detect a foreign body, in particular a foreign reader, in the region of a reading device on a device for carrying out a monetary transaction, the detection range of a magnetic field coil may be small in size and should even be small. Skimming modules, ie fraudulently mounted on a reader proper third-party readers, are usually in close proximity to the actual reader of the device, such as the ATM. It is therefore only necessary to monitor an area in the immediate vicinity of the reader. The magnetic field coil can thus be controlled in such a way that it generates an alternating magnetic field predominantly in a detection area located in the vicinity of the reading device and the detection area is thus limited to an area in the immediate vicinity of the reader of the device.
Dadurch, dass der Erfassungsbereich durch Reduzierung der Reichweite der Magnetfeldspule klein gewählt wird, kann das Risiko für einen Fehlalarm reduziert werden. Es werden nur solche Objekte erfasst, die dem eigentlichen Lesegerät der Vorrichtung unmittelbar angenähert werden, beispielsweise indem ein Fremdlesegerät ("Skimmer") an das Lesegerät angesetzt wird.The fact that the detection range is chosen small by reducing the range of the magnetic field coil, the risk of a false alarm can be reduced. Only those objects are detected which are directly approximated to the actual reading device of the device, for example by attaching a third-party reader ("skimmer") to the reading device.
Die Reduzierung der Reichweite der Magnetfeldspule wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Magnetfeldspule zum Erzeugen eines magnetischen Wechselfeldes mit vergleichsweise hoher Frequenz betrieben wird. Herkömmlich werden Magnetfeldspulen im niedrigen Kilohertzbereich betrieben. Dadurch, dass erfindungsgemäß das erzeugte magnetische Wechselfeld eine Frequenz größer als 100 kHz, vorzugsweise größer als 1 GHz, beispielsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 2 und 6 GHz, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,3 und 2,5 GHz, beispielsweise bei 2,45 GHz, aufweist, ist der Nahfeldbereich der Magnetfeldspule in seinem Volumen reduziert. Da eine Erfassung von angenäherten Objekten vorzugsweise im Nahfeldbereich der Magnetfeldspule erfolgt, ist damit die Reichweite für die Erfassung eines Fremdkörpers reduziert.The reduction of the range of the magnetic field coil is achieved by operating the magnetic field coil for generating an alternating magnetic field at a comparatively high frequency. Traditionally, magnetic field coils are operated in the low kilohertz range. Characterized in that according to the invention the generated alternating magnetic field has a frequency greater than 100 kHz, preferably greater than 1 GHz, for example in a range between 2 and 6 GHz, preferably between 2.3 and 2.5 GHz, for example at 2.45 GHz , the near field region of the magnetic field coil is reduced in volume. Since a detection of approximated objects preferably takes place in the near field region of the magnetic field coil, the range for the detection of a foreign body is thus reduced.
Dies basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass sich die Größe des Nahfelds einer Magnetfeldspule mit der Wellenlänge (die umgekehrt proportional zur Frequenz ist) ändert. Bei einer elektromagnetisch kleinen Magnetfeldspule (deren Radius kleiner als die Wellenlänge ist) geht das magnetische Wechselfeld beispielsweise in einem Abstand zwischen einer Wellenlänge und zwei Wellenlängen in das Fernfeld über. Bei einer Frequenz von 1 GHz entspricht die Freiraumwellenlänge beispielsweise 30 cm, bei 2 GHz 15 cm. Entsprechend klein ist das Nahfeld bei diesen Frequenzen.This is based on the finding that the size of the near field of a magnetic field coil changes with the wavelength (which is inversely proportional to the frequency). In an electromagnetically small magnetic field coil (whose radius is smaller than the wavelength), the alternating magnetic field passes into the far field, for example at a distance between one wavelength and two wavelengths. For example, at a frequency of 1 GHz, the free space wavelength is 30 cm, at 2 GHz 15 cm. The near field is correspondingly small at these frequencies.
Die Auswerteeinrichtung ist vorzugsweise ausgestaltet, als Kenngröße die Eingangsimpedanz der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule zu überwachen. Die Erkennung eines dem Lesegerät angenäherten Fremdkörpers erfolgt dann dadurch, dass eine Änderung der Kenngröße, also der Eingangsimpedanz, detektiert wird, und wenn die Kenngröße sich um mehr als ein vorbestimmtes Maß z.B. gegenüber einem Referenzwert (bei nicht manipulierter Vorrichtung) ändert, also beispielsweise die Eingangsimpedanz einen Schwellwert über- oder unterschreitet, wird ein Alarm erzeugt und/oder eine geeignete Gegenmaßnahme eingeleitet, beispielsweise jegliche Geldtransaktion unterbunden.The evaluation device is preferably designed to monitor the characteristic impedance of the input impedance of the at least one magnetic field coil. The recognition of a foreign body approximated to the reading device then takes place by detecting a change in the characteristic variable, ie the input impedance, and if the characteristic variable changes by more than a predetermined amount, eg compared to a reference value (in the case of a non-manipulated device), ie, for example Input impedance exceeds or falls below a threshold, an alarm is generated and / or initiated a suitable countermeasure, such as any financial transaction suppressed.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Vorrichtung zwei Magnetfeldspulen auf, von denen eine erste ein magnetisches Wechselfeld mit einer ersten Frequenz größer als 100 kHz und von denen eine zweite ein magnetisches Wechselfeld mit einer zweiten Frequenz, die niedriger als die erste Frequenz ist, erzeugt. Auf diese Weise kann eine erste Magnetfeldspule ein hochfrequentes Wechselfeld und eine zweite Magnetfeldspule ein niederfrequentes Wechselfeld erzeugen. Beispielsweise kann die erste Magnetfeldspule ein Wechselfeld zwischen 2 und 3 GHz, beispielsweise bei 2,45 GHz erzeugen, während die andere Magnetfeldspule ein Wechselfeld mit einer Frequenz im Kilohertzbereich, beispielsweise zwischen 10 und 50 kHz, erzeugt.In an advantageous embodiment, the device has two magnetic field coils, one of which generates a first alternating magnetic field having a first frequency greater than 100 kHz and of which a second magnetic alternating field having a second frequency which is lower than the first frequency. In this way, a first magnetic field coil can generate a high-frequency alternating field and a second magnetic field coil can generate a low-frequency alternating field. For example, the first magnetic field coil can generate an alternating field between 2 and 3 GHz, for example at 2.45 GHz, while the other magnetic field coil generates an alternating field with a frequency in the kilohertz range, for example between 10 and 50 kHz.
Mittels des zweiten, niederfrequenten magnetischen Wechselfeldes kann unter Umständen eine zusätzliche, zweite Erfassung durchgeführt werden, um zu erreichen, dass das Risiko für einen Fehlalarm aufgrund von Feuchtigkeit (Regen, Tau) im Bereich des Lesegeräts reduziert werden kann. Feuchtigkeit aufgrund von z.B. Regen im Bereich des Lesegeräts könnte gegebenenfalls zu einer Fehlinterpretation bei der Auswertung der aufgrund des ersten magnetischen Wechselfeldes erhaltenen Kenngröße, z.B. der Eingangsimpedanz, führen, so dass durch Auswerten einer von dem zweiten magnetischen Wechselfeld abhängenden Kenngröße, z.B. der Eingangsimpedanz einer zweiten Magnetfeldspule, ein zweites Erfassungssignal erhalten werden kann, das zusätzlich zur Bestimmung, ob ein schädlicher Fremdkörper vorhanden ist oder nicht, herangezogen werden kann.An additional, second detection may be performed by means of the second, low-frequency magnetic alternating field, in order to be able to reduce the risk of a false alarm due to moisture (rain, dew) in the region of the reader. Moisture due to e.g. Rain in the area of the reader could possibly lead to a misinterpretation in the evaluation of the parameter obtained due to the first alternating magnetic field, e.g. the input impedance, so that by evaluating a dependent of the second alternating magnetic field characteristic, e.g. the input impedance of a second magnetic field coil, a second detection signal can be obtained, which in addition to determining whether a harmful foreign body is present or not, can be used.
Die bei anderer Frequenz zur Erzeugung eines niederfrequenten magnetischen Wechselfeldes betriebene zweite Magnetfeldspule kann aber auch zur Erzeugung eines Störfeldes verwendet werden, dass ein durch ein Fremdlesegerät ausgelesenes Datensignal mit einem Rauschen überlagert wird, so dass in dem Signal enthaltene Daten nicht erkannt werden können. Die erste Magnetfeldspule dient damit zur Erkennung eines Fremdlesegeräts, während die zweite, niederfrequent betriebene Magnetfeldspule zum Verrauschen eines Signals und somit als abwehrende Gegenmaßnahme gegen ein Auslesen von Daten einer Identifikationseinrichtung wie einer Kreditkarte oder EC-Karte durch ein Fremdlesegerät dient.However, the second magnetic field coil operated at a different frequency for generating a low-frequency magnetic alternating field can also be used to generate an interference field such that a data signal read out by a foreign reader is superimposed with noise so that data contained in the signal can not be detected. The first magnetic field coil thus serves to detect a third-party reader, while the second, low-frequency magnetic field coil for noise of a signal and thus serves as a defense countermeasure against reading data from an identification device such as a credit card or debit card by a foreign reader.
Beispielsweise kann die Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung ausgebildet sein, einen Alarm nur dann zu erzeugen, wenn eine der ersten Magnetfeldspule zugeordnete Kenngröße genauso wie eine der zweiten Magnetfeldspule zugeordnete Kenngröße jeweils eine Änderung erfährt, die ein jeweils zugeordnetes, vorbestimmtes Maß übersteigt. Ein Alarm wird somit nur dann ausgelöst, wenn sowohl an der ersten Magnetfeldspule als auch an der zweiten Magnetfeldspule eine (signifikante) Änderung der Bedingungen erkannt wird. Wird nur an einer Magnetfeldspule eine relevante Änderung der Kenngröße erfasst, erfolgt keine Auslösung eines Alarms.For example, the control and evaluation device may be configured to generate an alarm only when a parameter associated with the first magnetic field coil, as well as a parameter associated with the second magnetic field coil, respectively Change experiences, which exceeds a respective assigned, predetermined amount. An alarm is therefore only triggered if a (significant) change in the conditions is detected both at the first magnetic field coil and at the second magnetic field coil. If only a magnetic field coil detects a relevant change in the parameter, no alarm is triggered.
Die Aufgabe wird zudem gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Schutz einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Geldtransaktion, bei dem
- ein Lesegerät Daten einer Identifikationseinrichtung eines Nutzers eingibt,
- mindestens eine Magnetfeldspule ein magnetisches Wechselfeld in einem Erfassungsbereich an dem Lesegerät erzeugt und
- eine Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung die mindestens eine Magnetfeldspule zum Erzeugen des magnetischen Wechselfeldes ansteuert und zumindest eine von dem erzeugten magnetischen Wechselfeld abhängende Kenngröße der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule überwacht, um anhand der Kenngröße ein Objekt in dem Erfassungsbereich zu erfassen.
- a reader inputs data to an identification device of a user,
- at least one magnetic field coil generates an alternating magnetic field in a detection area on the reading device and
- a control and evaluation device which controls at least one magnetic field coil for generating the alternating magnetic field and monitors at least one of the generated magnetic alternating field dependent characteristic of at least one magnetic field coil to detect an object in the detection range based on the characteristic.
Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass das von der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule erzeugte magnetische Wechselfeld eine Frequenz größer als 100 kHz aufweist.It is provided that the magnetic alternating field generated by the at least one magnetic field coil has a frequency greater than 100 kHz.
Die vorangehend für die Vorrichtung beschriebenen Vorteile und vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen finden analog auch auf das Verfahren Anwendung.The advantages and advantageous embodiments described above for the device are analogously also applied to the method.
Der der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Gedanke soll nachfolgend anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Ansicht einer Vorrichtung mit einem Lesegerät und einem Antiskimming-Modul umfassend eine Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung sowie mindestens eine Magnetfeldspule;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Ansicht eines durch eine Magnetfeldspule erzeugten quasistatischen magnetischen Feldes; und
- Fig.3A-3C
- schematische Ansichten der hochfrequenten magnetischen Felderzeugung an einer Magnetfeldspule.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic view of a device with a reading device and an anti-skimming module comprising a control and evaluation and at least one magnetic field coil;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic view of a generated by a magnetic field coil quasi-static magnetic field; and
- 3A-3C
- schematic views of high-frequency magnetic field generation on a magnetic field coil.
Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst ein Lesegerät 10 mit einem Kartenschlitz, in den eine Identifikationseinrichtung 4 in Form beispielsweise einer Magnetstreifenkarte eingeführt werden kann. Die Identifikationseinrichtung 4 dient zur Identifikation und Autorisierung eines Nutzers und enthält, beispielsweise auf einem Magnetstreifen, gespeicherte Informationen, die mittels des Lesegeräts 10 ausgelesen werden können und gegebenenfalls in Zusammenhang mit der Eingabe einer Identifikationsnummer (sogenannte PIN) zur Autorisierung des Nutzers zur Vornahme einer Geldtransaktion dienen.The
Bei solchen Vorrichtungen 1 besteht das Problem, dass Dritte in betrügerischer Absicht beispielsweise Objekte 3 in Form von fremden Lesegeräten an das Lesegerät 10 ansetzen können, um Informationen beispielsweise aus einer Magnetstreifenkarte auszulesen, wenn ein Nutzer diese an das Lesegerät 10 ansetzt. Solche fremden Lesegeräte, die in betrügerischer Absicht eingesetzt werden, können beispielsweise die Form eines Kunststoffrahmens aufweisen, der an einen Kartenschlitz des Lesegeräts 10 angesetzt wird und durch den hindurch die Identifikationseinrichtung 4 in Form der Magnetstreifenkarte bei Einführen in das Lesegerät 10 geführt wird. Wird zusätzlich eine Identifikationsnummer des Nutzers abgegriffen, so wird mit den ausgelesenen Informationen ein Dritter in die Lage versetzt, unter Verwendung der Informationen Transaktionen wie Bezahlvorgänge und Abhebevorgänge durchzuführen.In
Um zu erkennen, ob ein fremdes Objekt 3 an das Lesegerät 10 angesetzt worden ist, ist bei der Vorrichtung 1 eine Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung 2 vorgesehen, die mit Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 verbunden ist. Die Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 dienen zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Wechselfeldes H im Bereich des Lesegeräts 10, so dass ein Objekt 3, das sich in einem Erfassungsbereich an dem Lesegerät 10 befindet, mit dem magnetischen Wechselfeld H wechselwirkt und die Induktivität bzw. Eingangsimpedanz der Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 verändert, was durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung 2 ausgewertet werden kann, um gegebenenfalls einen Alarm zu erzeugen oder eine geeignete Gegenmaßnahme, beispielsweise eine Unterbindung einer Geldtransaktion, einzuleiten.In order to detect whether a
Die Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 werden durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit 2 angesteuert, ein magnetisches Wechselfeld mit einer Frequenz größer 100 kHz zu erzeugen. Der Erfassungsbereich, in dem ein Objekt 3 erkannt werden kann, entspricht hierbei im Wesentlichen dem Nahfeld der Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21, in dem vorherrschend ein magnetisches Feld H erzeugt wird.The
Das magnetische Feld H wechselwirkt insbesondere mit Objekten 3, die ein Material mit einer großen Permeabilität oder Leitfähigkeit aufweisen. Insbesondere können parasitäre, fremde Objekte 3 in Form von Lesegeräten erkannt werden, die beispielsweise eine Batterie zur elektrischen Versorgung aufweisen.The magnetic field H interacts in particular with
Herkömmlich werden Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 an solchen Vorrichtungen 1 mit vergleichsweise niedriger Frequenz im Kilohertzbereich, beispielsweise zwischen 20 und 30 kHz, betrieben. Dies führte dazu, dass die Reichweite des Nahfelds vergleichsweise groß ist, was gegebenenfalls dazu führt, dass auch andere Objekte 3 mit dem magnetischen Feld H wechselwirken, obwohl sie weder in besonderer räumlicher Nähe zu dem Lesegerät 10 angeordnet sind noch in betrügerischer Absicht der Vorrichtung 1 angenähert werden. Beispielsweise kann die Vorrichtung 1 eine Sonnenblende aufweisen, die verstellt werden kann. Bei einer Verstellung einer solchen Sonnenblende dürfen an der Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung 2 keine Signale erkannt werden, die fälschlicherweise auf das Vorhandensein eines schädlichen Objekts 3 hindeuten würden.Conventionally, magnetic field coils 20, 21 are operated on
Wird, wie schematisch in
Wird die Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 mit einem hochfrequenten Strom I(t) gespeist, wie dies schematisch in
Durch Anregen der Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 mit einem hochfrequenten Strom I(t) zur Erzeugung eines hochfrequenten magnetischen Feldes H kann der Erfassungsbereich, in dem die Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 sensitiv auf ein Objekt 3 reagiert, somit in seiner Ausdehnung, also seinem Volumen, reduziert werden. Der Erfassungsbereich entspricht in etwa dem Nahfeld der Magnetfeldspule 20, 21.By exciting the magnetic field coils 20, 21 with a high-frequency current I (t) for generating a high-frequency magnetic field H, the detection range in which the
Bei dem in
Die zwei Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 können in ihrer Kombination unterschiedliche Funktionen aufweisen.The two magnetic field coils 20, 21 may have different functions in combination.
Zum ersten ist denkbar, mit der hochfrequent betriebenen, ersten Magnetfeldspule (z.B. Magnetfeldspule 20) anhand einer Veränderung der Kenngröße (z.B. der Eingangsimpedanz) zu erkennen, ob ein Fremdkörper, insbesondere ein Fremdlesegerät, vorhanden ist. Mit der anderen, zweiten Magnetfeldspule (z.B. Magnetfeldspule 21) kann hingegen ein Störfeld erzeugt werden, das - gegebenenfalls in Abhängigkeit einer Erkennung durch die erste Magnetfeldspule 20, von einem Fremdlesegerät empfangenen Datensignale mit einem Rauschen überlagert und somit unbrauchbar macht.For the first, it is conceivable to detect with the high-frequency-operated, first magnetic field coil (eg magnetic field coil 20) by means of a change of the parameter (eg the input impedance), whether a foreign body, in particular a foreign reader, is present. With the other, second magnetic field coil (eg magnetic field coil 21), however, an interference field can be generated, which - optionally in response to detection by the first
Zum zweiten ist auch denkbar, mittels der zwei Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 zwei unabhängige Erfassungen durchzuführen und Signale an den Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 getrennt voneinander auszuwerten, wobei nur bei geeigneter Signalkombination auf das Vorhandensein eines Objekts 3 im unmittelbaren Bereich des Lesegeräts 10 geschlossen und entsprechend ein Alarm erzeugt wird. So kann beispielsweise, wenn weder mittels der hochfrequenten Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 noch mittels der niederfrequenten Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 ein Objekt erkannt wird, darauf geschlossen werden, dass kein schädliches Objekt vorhanden ist. Erkennt nur die hochfrequente Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 ein Objekt, so kann dies darauf hindeuten, dass z.B. aufgrund von Feuchtigkeit im Bereich des Lesegeräts 10 die Eingangsimpedanz der hochfrequenten Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 verändert ist, an sich aber kein schädliches Objekt 3 vorhanden ist. ErzeugtÄndert nur die niederfrequente Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 ihre Eingangsimpedanz, so kann dies auf einen Fremdkörper in großer Entfernung hindeuten, nicht aber auf ein schädliches Objekt 3 in unmittelbarer Nähe des Lesegeräts 10. Erkennen sowohl die hochfrequente Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 als auch die niederfrequente Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 einen Fremdkörper, so kann dies auf ein schädliches Objekt 3, also einen "Skimmer", im unmittelbaren Bereich des Lesegeräts 10 hindeuten, so dass entsprechend ein Alarm ausgegeben wird.Secondly, it is also conceivable to carry out two independent detections by means of the two magnetic field coils 20, 21 and to separately evaluate signals at the magnetic field coils 20, 21, whereby the presence of an
Die Auswertung der durch die Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 erzeugten Signale erfolgt durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung 2. Die Steuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung 2 kann beispielsweise die Eingangsimpedanz Z der Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 auswerten, um anhand einer Änderung in der Eingangsimpedanz und beispielsweise einen Vergleich mit einem Referenzwert (der einem Wert bei nicht manipulierter Vorrichtung 1 entspricht) auf das Vorhandensein eines Objekts 3 zu schließen. Ändert sich die Eingangsimpedanz Z beispielsweise um mehr als ein vorbestimmtes Maß und über- oder unterschreitet entsprechend einen Schwellwert, so kann dies auf ein schädliches Objekt 3 hindeuten. Entsprechend wertet die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit 2 dies aus, wobei die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit 2 gegebenenfalls nur bei einer geeigneten Signalkombination an beiden Magnetfeldspulen 20, 21 auf das tatsächliche Vorhandensein eines schädlichen Objekts 3 im Bereich des Lesegeräts 10 schließt. Die Eingangsimpedanz Z stellt insofern eine Kenngröße der Magnetfeldspule 20, 21 dar, die von der Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit 2 ausgewertet wird, um auf das Vorhandensein eines schädlichen Objekts 3 zu schließen.
Claims (8)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das von der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule (20, 21) erzeugte magnetische Wechselfeld (H) eine Frequenz größer als 100 kHz aufweist.
characterized,
that the light generated by the at least one magnetic coil (20, 21) alternating magnetic field (H) having a frequency greater than 100 kHz.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das von der mindestens einen Magnetfeldspule (20, 21) erzeugte magnetische Wechselfeld (H) eine Frequenz größer als 100 kHz aufweist.
characterized,
that the light generated by the at least one magnetic coil (20, 21) alternating magnetic field (H) having a frequency greater than 100 kHz.
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US10572698B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2020-02-25 | Zephyrus Electronics, Ltd. | Credit card skimmer detector |
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