EP2784270A2 - Système d'actionnement et carburant pour moteur de turbine à gaz - Google Patents

Système d'actionnement et carburant pour moteur de turbine à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2784270A2
EP2784270A2 EP14158333.6A EP14158333A EP2784270A2 EP 2784270 A2 EP2784270 A2 EP 2784270A2 EP 14158333 A EP14158333 A EP 14158333A EP 2784270 A2 EP2784270 A2 EP 2784270A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pump
motive
main
actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14158333.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2784270A3 (fr
EP2784270B1 (fr
Inventor
Leo J. Veilleux
Gary M. Mcbrien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Publication of EP2784270A2 publication Critical patent/EP2784270A2/fr
Publication of EP2784270A3 publication Critical patent/EP2784270A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2784270B1 publication Critical patent/EP2784270B1/fr
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/263Control of fuel supply by means of fuel metering valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/236Fuel delivery systems comprising two or more pumps

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to fuel systems for gas turbine engines.
  • the present disclosure relates to fuel systems utilizing fuel flow to operate engine actuation systems.
  • a main fuel pump is used to deliver fuel to a fuel metering valve that provides fuel directly to fuel injectors in the combustion section of the engine. Additionally, some of the fuel flow from the main fuel pump is circulated through actuators that operate other engine or aircraft systems. Such a system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,487,016 , which is assigned to United Technologies Corporation.
  • fuel flow is metered using a servo valve-controlled torque motor that provides fuel based on engine requirements for different speeds.
  • servo valve-controlled valves are used to regulate airflow to active clearance control systems and variable vane systems based on fuel flow. The servo valves utilize fuel flow from the main fuel pump to provide actuation.
  • the main fuel pump needs to be sized at a minimum to provide flow to the servo valves and to the injectors at idle engine speed, and at a maximum to provide flow to the servo valves and to the injectors under transient engine conditions, such as during take-off.
  • the main fuel pump must have a large capacity to accommodate the entire engine operating envelope and to provide fuel to other various aircraft systems.
  • the large pump capacity produces inefficiencies in the engine, such as consuming excess system horsepower and generating waste heat.
  • the servo valve-controlled actuators need to be sized to withstand the elevated pressures generated during transient conditions and the associated fatigue stress with such a wide operating envelope. There is, therefore, a need for a more efficient fuel and actuation system for gas turbine engines.
  • a fuel system for an aircraft comprises a boost pump, a main fuel pump and a motive pump.
  • the boost pump receives fuel from a storage unit.
  • the main fuel pump receives fuel from the boost pump and delivers fuel to a distribution system.
  • the motive fuel pump receives fuel from the boost pump, routes fuel through the storage unit, and delivers fuel to an actuator.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a method for delivering fuel in an aircraft.
  • the method comprises pumping fuel from a fuel tank to a distribution system using a main pump, and pumping fuel from a fuel tank to an actuator using a motive pump.
  • the method also comprises routing fuel from the actuator to the main pump.
  • the sole figure shows a fuel and actuation system utilizing a main fuel pump and a motive fuel pump to deliver fuel flows to a combustion system and to actuators.
  • the sole figure shows fuel and actuation system 10 utilizing main fuel pump 12 and motive fuel pump 14 to deliver fuel flows to distribution system 16 and actuators 18A and 18B.
  • the present disclosure is described with reference to a fuel system for gas turbine engine 19 that utilizes fuel flow to operate aircraft system actuators.
  • the fuel and actuation system described herein may be used with other aircraft or non-aircraft systems.
  • Boost pump 22 provides fuel flow to main fuel pump 12 and motive pump 14.
  • Heat exchanger 24 and filter 26 are fluidly positioned between boost pump 22 and main fuel pump 12 in series connection.
  • Main fuel pump 12 delivers fuel to distribution system 16, which comprises manifold 28, valves 30A and 30B, and injectors 32A, 32B, 34A and 34B.
  • Main fuel pump 12, through distribution system 16 provides fuel to combustor 35 in gas turbine engine 19 where a combustion process that consumes fuel occurs.
  • Motive pump 14 provides fuel to ejector 36 to circulate or distribute fuel within fuel tank 20, and also provides fuel to actuators 18A and 18B to control various operations related to gas turbine engine 19.
  • Main fuel pump 12 and motive pump 14 are mechanically operated based on shaft speed within gas turbine engine 19. Thus, at higher shaft speeds, pumps 12 and 14 provide higher volumetric flow rates of fuel.
  • Boost pump 22 draws in fuel from fuel tank 20 through shut-off valve 37 and pumps the fuel to heat exchanger 24.
  • Heat exchanger 24 is fluidly coupled to fluid flow 38 of another liquid, such as oil or another lubricant, that is at a different temperature than the fuel from boost pump 22.
  • heat exchanger 24 comprises a fuel/oil cooler that transfers heat from oil used to lubricate various aircraft systems, such as bearings, to the fuel.
  • fuel is routed to filter 26.
  • Main fuel pump 12 provides fuel to distribution system 16, which includes many small orifices, such as those in injectors 32A - 34B.
  • Filter 26 removes contaminants from the fuel before being routed to main fuel pump 12 to avoid formation of blockages within main fuel pump 12 and distribution system 16.
  • filter 26 comprises a screen with a bypass valve.
  • Main fuel pump 12 provides fuel directly to manifold 28, which distributes fuel to a plurality of valves.
  • Fuel valves 30A and 30B distribute fuel to fuel injectors 32A - 34B as needed by gas turbine engine 19.
  • injectors 32A - 34B provide fuel to combustor 35 within gas turbine engine 19 where combustion process is executed using the fuel.
  • the combustion process operates gas turbine engine 19 to provide shaft power or thrust that drives an aircraft.
  • valves 30A and 30B are electronically operated metering valves controlled by a control system for gas turbine engine 19.
  • Injectors 32A - 34B may comprise primary and secondary fuel injectors that deliver fuel to different parts of combustor 35 at different times during the combustion process.
  • Fuel flow from main fuel pump 12 also includes pressure relief valve 40 and pressure regulating valve 42.
  • Pressure relief valve 40 allows fuel from the high pressure side of main fuel pump 12 to be returned to the low pressure side of main fuel pump 12, such as at the inlet of filter 26.
  • Pressure relief valve 40 typically automatically opens when pressure at the high pressure side of main fuel pump 12 becomes higher than a system maximum to prevent system over-pressurization.
  • Pressure regulating valve 42 returns fuel unneeded by distribution system 16 to the low pressure side of main fuel pump 12, such as at the inlet of filter 26.
  • main fuel pump 12 operates to provide a steady flow of fuel to manifold 28 at different operating speeds of gas turbine engine 19.
  • main fuel pump 12 can provide more fuel than is needed by combustor 35.
  • pressure regulating valve 42 returns unconsumed fuel back through fuel system 10.
  • pressure regulating valve 42 comprises an electronically operated valve, such as a direct drive valve, that is controlled by a control system for gas turbine engine 19.
  • pressure regulating valve 42 comprises a servo valve that operates based on fuel flow as do actuators 18A and 18B, which will be described in detail below.
  • boost pump 22 In addition to providing burn flow to distribution system 16 and combustor 35 through main fuel pump 12, boost pump 22 also pumps fuel from fuel tank 20 to motive pump 14.
  • Motive pump 14 provides fuel flow to ejector 36, which is used to distribute fuel within fuel tank 20.
  • ejector 36 transfers fuel from different partitions 20A, 20B within fuel tank 20, such as those that are located in different wings of the aircraft.
  • Such distribution and circulation of fuel within fuel tank 20 ensures that boost pump 22 will be adequately primed with fuel at different fuel level and at different aircraft orientations.
  • Fuel from within fuel tank 20 is provided to boost pump 22 through shut-off valve 37.
  • Valve 37 can be closed to fluidly isolate fuel tank 20 from boost pump 22 such as for maintenance operations and the like.
  • Motive pump 14 additionally directly provides fuel flow to one or more actuators.
  • motive pump 14 may also provide fuel flow to a servo valve for various embodiments of pressure regulating valve 42.
  • fuel and actuation system 10 includes two actuators 18A and 18B.
  • actuators 18A and 18B comprise servo valves that are operated by fuel flow from motive pump 14.
  • actuators 18A and 18B include butterfly valves that are actuated based on the volume of fuel flow provided by motive pump 14.
  • Actuators 18A and 18B regulate airflows 44A and 44B, respectively, to other parts of gas turbine engine 19.
  • actuator 18A may actuate an active clearance control air valve that provides airflow 44A to change the clearance gap in turbine section 46 of gas turbine engine 19.
  • actuator 18B may actuate a bleed valve that controls bleed airflow 44B from compressor section 48 of gas turbine engine 19 for various uses, such as clearance control systems.
  • actuators 18A and 18B may comprise a linear actuator that changes the position of a variable vane.
  • heat exchangers may be connected into system 10 upstream of actuators 18A and 18B to warm the fuel flow before interacting with airflows 44A and 44B. After providing actuation power to actuators 18A and 18B, fuel is returned to fuel and actuation system 10, such as at the inlet of main fuel pump 12.
  • Motive pump 14 is fluidly connected within fuel and actuation system 10 with check valve 50, pressure relief valve 52, filter 54A and filter 54B.
  • Filters 54A and 54B remove contaminants from the fuel before and after being routed to and from motive pump 14, respectively, to avoid formation of blockage in passages within actuators 18A and 18B or ejector 36.
  • filter 54A comprises a screen with a bypass valve
  • filter 54B comprises a wash filter.
  • Pressure relief valve 52 allows fuel from the high pressure side of motive pump 14 to be returned to the low pressure side of motive pump 14, such as at the inlet of filter 54A. Pressure relief valve 52 typically automatically opens when pressure at the high pressure side of motive pump 14 becomes higher than a system maximum to prevent system over-pressurization.
  • Check valve 50 ensures that fuel from motive pump 14 remains above a baseline pressure in the fuel lines. In particular, fuel flow from motive pump 14 is divided between the needs of ejector 36 and actuators 18A and 18B. Ejector 36 is operable over a wide range of system pressures and need not continuously operate. Actuators 18A and 18B, however, require a minimum fuel pressure to be operable and need to operate over the entire operating envelope of gas turbine engine 19. Check valve 50 ensures that flow from motive pump 14 to actuators 18A and 18B is at a minimum pressure to ensure functionality of actuators 18A and 18B. Specifically, check valve 50 establishes a restriction before ejector 36 that maintains a back pressure between motive pump 14 and actuators 18A and 18B. In one embodiment, check valve 50 comprises a minimum pressure valve, as is known in the art. In another embodiment, check valve 50 may comprise a computer controlled valve to modulate the minimum pressure for additional optimization of both pressure and temperature.
  • main fuel pump 12 is sized to provide only the fuel flow required by distribution system 16.
  • actuators within a gas turbine engine can consume 20% - 30% of the output of the main fuel pump.
  • main fuel pump 12 need not be sized to provide additional fuel flows to actuators 18A and 18B.
  • motive pump 14 need not be increased in capacity to accommodate actuator transients because short reductions in motive flow are acceptable.
  • main fuel pump 12 can be 20% - 30% smaller and lighter.
  • Main fuel pump 12 also does not consume excessive system horsepower, such as by consuming shaft power of gas turbine engine 19, or generate excess system heat, such as by pumping unnecessary volume of fuel through pressure regulating valve 42.
  • actuators 18A and 18B can be de-coupling fuel flow to actuators 18A and 18B from main fuel pump 12, actuators 18A and 18B and all fuel lines servicing actuators 18A and 18B, can be sized for lower pressures and lower cycle fatigue. Thus, actuators 18A and 18B and their respective fuel lines can be lighter and less expensive. Additionally, by having actuators 18A and 18B powered by motive pump 14, transient disturbance from the actuators of pressure regulating valve 42 is eliminated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
EP14158333.6A 2013-03-27 2014-03-07 Système d'actionnement et de carburant pour moteur de turbine à gaz et procédé correspondant Active EP2784270B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/851,580 US9091212B2 (en) 2013-03-27 2013-03-27 Fuel and actuation system for gas turbine engine

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2784270A2 true EP2784270A2 (fr) 2014-10-01
EP2784270A3 EP2784270A3 (fr) 2015-04-29
EP2784270B1 EP2784270B1 (fr) 2019-06-12

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EP (1) EP2784270B1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2784270A3 (fr) 2015-04-29
EP2784270B1 (fr) 2019-06-12
US9091212B2 (en) 2015-07-28
US20140290266A1 (en) 2014-10-02

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