EP2782659A1 - Procédé de séparation membranaire en régime discontinu. - Google Patents
Procédé de séparation membranaire en régime discontinu.Info
- Publication number
- EP2782659A1 EP2782659A1 EP12806685.9A EP12806685A EP2782659A1 EP 2782659 A1 EP2782659 A1 EP 2782659A1 EP 12806685 A EP12806685 A EP 12806685A EP 2782659 A1 EP2782659 A1 EP 2782659A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- volume
- mixture
- membrane
- time
- during
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- SICLLPHPVFCNTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1',1'-tetramethyl-3,3'-spirobi[2h-indene]-5,5'-diol Chemical compound C12=CC(O)=CC=C2C(C)(C)CC11C2=CC(O)=CC=C2C(C)(C)C1 SICLLPHPVFCNTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical group C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005654 stationary process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/22—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control characterised by a specific duration or time
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/25—Recirculation, recycling or bypass, e.g. recirculation of concentrate into the feed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/14—Batch-systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/18—Time sequence of one or more process steps carried out periodically within one apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for separating a liquid or gaseous mixture by means of a membrane having a selective permeability.
- the process of the invention is of the discontinuous type.
- Membrane processes are widely used in industry to separate mixtures, in particular gaseous. These methods use, as separating elements, membranes having a selective permeability, which are generally in the form of hollow fiber bundles.
- membranes any wall having a non-zero permeability; typically, the membranes used in the separation processes have thicknesses as small as possible, for example less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m, see at 1 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a cartridge or membrane separation module MM known from the prior art.
- This module comprises a sealed envelope of cylindrical shape E (partially cut away in the figure), inside which is disposed a permeable membrane MS in the form of a bundle F of hollow fibers FC oriented along the axis of the cylinder.
- V1 corresponds essentially to the inside of the fibers, and V2 to their exterior.
- a supply duct CA and a first exhaust duct CE1 are disposed at the axial ends of the envelope E, in fluid connection with the first volume V1 ("upstream volume”); a second exhaust duct CE2 passes through the side wall of the casing, to return in fluid connection with the second volume V2 ("downstream volume”).
- the mixture to be separated is injected into the first volume through the supply duct; a part of this mixture passes through the membrane and exits through the second exhaust duct ("permeate”); another part does not cross the membrane and leaves by the first evacuation duct (“retentate”).
- permeate and retentate constitute "cuts" of the mixture, generally having different compositions.
- the separation membranes are polymeric and dense, that is to say that they do not have pores.
- the transfer of mass through the membrane is essentially by a solution-diffusion mechanism: the molecules of the mixture come into contact with one side of the membrane, penetrate into the latter by solubilization, pass through molecular diffusion and are released by the opposite side.
- Di is the diffusion coefficient, or diffusivity, of the first (respectively: second) component of the mixture and Si (respectively: S 2 ) is the solubility of said first (respectively: second) component.
- D 2 diffusion coefficient, or diffusivity
- Si diffusivity
- S 2 solubility of said first (respectively: second) component.
- Dr. Paul first considered using a pulsed, and therefore non-stationary, method to improve the selectivity of the membrane separation of a gaseous mixture; see DR Paul, "Membrane Separation of Gases Using Steady Cyclic Operation,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Process. Of. Develop. Flight. 10, No. 3, 1971. The idea underlying this process is as follows: when a gas mixture is brought into contact with a separating membrane, the first molecules which manage to cross the membrane are those which diffuse the most quickly, regardless of their solubility. Therefore, for a short time, the selectivity essentially depends on Di / D 2 and is independent of Si / S 2 ; it is, therefore, generally higher than steady-state selectivity a.
- the method of DR Paul is cyclic, with a period T.
- the first volume of the separator is placed in communication with a reservoir containing the mixture to be separated at the pressure P H , while the first exhaust duct is closed; as the capacity of the reservoir is much greater than that of the volume V1, the pressure upstream of the membrane ("upstream pressure") is PH-
- upstream pressure the pressure upstream of the membrane
- a very enriched first permeate is extracted into the component with higher diffusivity of the mixture (the component of interest). This first permeate is the product of the process.
- Productivity is defined as the number of moles of the component of interest that are recovered per unit time and area of the membrane; the recovery rate is defined as the ratio between the number of moles of the component of interest in the initial mixture and the number of moles of the same component in the (first) permeate.
- the method of DR Paul provides a permeate rich in component of interest, but in a small amount; most of the moles of this component of interest remain in the retentate.
- Another limitation of this method is that it can only be used if the component of interest is the most permeable; indeed, the composition of the retentate is substantially equal to that of the initial mixture, without significant enrichment in the least permeable component.
- the invention aims to overcome, in whole or in part, the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art. More particularly, it aims to provide a non-steady state membrane separation process having a higher selectivity than a conventional continuous process, as well as a relatively high extraction rate and sufficient productivity for most industrial applications.
- this object is achieved by a process for separating a gaseous or liquid mixture by means of a separation device comprising a first and a second volume, separated by a membrane having a permeability that is selective with respect to minus two components of said mixture, the process comprising the steps of:
- step c) may comprise the following substeps: c1) evacuate the second device volume, whereby a third section of the mixture is obtained;
- the time (U-h) may in particular be chosen such that said second cut has a molar composition identical to that of the mixture before separation, with a tolerance of plus or minus 1%. In this case, said second section of the mixture can be recycled.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B graphs illustrating the temporal evolution of the upstream pressure in two processes according to two different embodiments of the invention
- FIGS. 4 to 6 graphs illustrating the application of a method according to one embodiment of the invention to the O 2 / CO 2 separation
- FIG. 14 diagrammatically represents an installation for implementing a method according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS 15A to 151 illustrate the operation of said installation.
- FIG. 2 which comprises a module MM of the type described above and a system of valves connected to the supply and discharge ducts.
- This valve system includes:
- a first two-way valve VA disposed on the supply duct CA, for controlling the supply of the module in the mixture to be separated Ml;
- a second two-way valve VB disposed on the first exhaust duct CE1, for controlling the evacuation of the retentate R;
- a third two-way valve VC disposed on the second exhaust duct CE2, for controlling the evacuation of the permeate P;
- VD1A D2 draw-off block disposed on the second exhaust duct CE2 downstream of the third valve VC, to separate a first and a second permeate P1, P2. It may consist of two two-way valves, VD1 and VD2, or a single three-way valve - in which case the references VD1 and VD2 indicate the two downstream channels. In a simplified embodiment of the installation, the VD1 / VD2 filler block may not be present. If it is, the VC valve can be omitted.
- a method according to a first embodiment of the invention does not use the draw block, but only the valves VA, VB, VC (alternatively, a channel of the draw block - VD1 or VD2 - could be used at the place of VC).
- This process generates two cuts of the initial mixture: a permeate or "downstream flow" P and a retentate or "upstream flow” R, and comprises the following steps:
- the supply valve VA is open to allow the gaseous mixture feed M1 of the upstream volume V1 of the module MM; the evacuation valves VB and VC are closed.
- the mixture M1 is binary and that its components have different diffusion coefficients.
- valves VB and VC are open to allow the evacuation of permeate and retentate remained in the upstream volume V1, while the valve remains closed VA.
- the graph of FIG. 3A illustrates the evolution of the upstream pressure (in volume V1) during this process.
- the permeation time has a duration at least ten times greater than that of the filling time and the emptying time.
- the duration (Î2-ti) is greater than the permeation time shift ("permeation time lag" or simply "time lag” in English). This is a well-known concept in the field of membrane separation processes, which is recalled here with the aid of FIG. 13.
- FIG. 13 shows the accumulation Q t of the permeate in the downstream volume as a function of time t.
- the curve recorded during this period includes a non-linear part, corresponding to a transient state, and a linear asymptote.
- time shift The intersection ⁇ of the linear asymptote with the time axis is called "time shift" and characterizes the duration of the transient state.
- the value of ⁇ depends both on the membrane and on the chemical nature of the gas contained in the upstream volume; in the case of a mixture, the time lag corresponding to the most permeable component is retained.
- the duration of application of the high pressure is less than the time offset.
- the duration of application of the high pressure is greater than the time offset, so that the permeation is dominated by the permeability.
- the permeation time is insufficient to reach equilibrium, but sufficient to reach the asymptotic state of permeation.
- the composition of the permeate which progressively fills the volume V2 varies during the interval of permeation (t 2 - t- ⁇ ): initially, this permeate contains almost exclusively the component of the mixture Ml which has the highest permeability; then, its composition tends to the equilibrium composition, identical to that of the initial mixture M1. It is therefore understood that the permeate composition extracted in the interval t 2 - 1 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the duration of this interval. If (t 2 - ti) is very short compared to the time required to reach equilibrium (although greater than the time difference), we obtain a very pure permeate, but in very small quantities; High permeability component enrichment will be important, but its recovery rate will be low. By increasing the duration of the permeation interval, the recovery rate can be increased at the expense of the enrichment rate.
- the equilibrium is reached only after an infinite time.
- This method is of interest when it is desired to extract the component of the mixture having the highest permeability; the useful product of the process is therefore permeate P. It is also of interest when it is desired to extract the component of the mixture having the highest permeability; the useful product of the process is therefore retentate R.
- a second embodiment of the invention uses the withdrawal block to generate three cuts of the input mixture: a retentate or "upstream flow” R, a first permeate or “downstream flow” P1 and a second permeate or "flow of withdrawal” P2.
- the useful product can be any one of these three cuts, or even two of them, or even the three cuts at a time. It should be noted however that the individual quality (purity or productivity) of a cut decreases with the increase in the number of useful cuts. This process comprises the following steps:
- the supply valve VA is open to allow the gaseous mixture feed Ml to the upstream volume V1 of the module MM; the discharge valve VB and the two channels VD D2 of the extraction block are closed (it is considered that the valve VC is absent, or always open, or open when one of the two channels of the draw block is open, these different options being equivalent).
- the mixture M1 is binary and that its components have different diffusion coefficients.
- the VD2 channel of the draw block is opened to allow the evacuation of the flow P2 withdrawal, while the VD1 channel and the valves VA and VB remain closed.
- VD1 channel of the draw block and the valve VB are open to allow the extraction of the permeate P1 and the retentate R.
- the permeation times (Î2-ti) and (-h) are both greater than the permeation time offset.
- the graph of FIG. 3A illustrates the evolution of the upstream pressure (in volume V1) during this process.
- Such an approximation is reasonable if the permeation times have durations at least ten times greater than those of the filling time and emptying times.
- composition of the withdrawal stream depends on the duration of the first permeation interval (t 2 - t 1 ), while that of the permeate P 1 and retentate R depends both on (t 2 - t 1 ) and on (- 2). t 3 ).
- the optimization can be done, in particular, by means of a genetic algorithm aimed at maximizing or minimizing a criterion depending at the same time on the recovery rate of a component of the mixture in one of the sections P1, P2 or R, and enriching said section in the same component. Optimization can be constrained.
- the downstream flow P1 has the same composition as the initial mixture M1, typically to within 1% (in mole fraction), and can be recycled, that is to say say reinjected into the module MM by the supply duct CA.
- the upstream flow (retentate) R is enriched in the component having the lowest permeability and the withdrawal flow P2 is enriched in the component having the highest permeability; there is no unnecessary flow.
- Thickness of the membrane 1 ⁇ m.
- Length of hollow fibers 1m.
- Inner diameter of the hollow fibers 50 ⁇ m.
- Inner surface of the membrane 1000 m 2 .
- CV2 ⁇ 0,1; 1; 10; 100; 1000; 10000 ⁇ CV1.
- the time required to reach equilibrium is about 2200 s.
- FIG. 5 shows the compromise between enrichment of the retentate in O 2 and recovery rate in O 2 for different processes:
- the continuous curves correspond to processes according to the first embodiment of the invention (without racking) for different values of the CV2 / CV1 ratio: 0.1; 1; 10 (thick line); 100; 1000; 10000;
- the dotted curve corresponds to a continuous process of the RPA type (parameters identical to those of the process according to the invention, except for the downstream pressure which is equal to 0.1 times the upstream pressure, the CV2 / CV1 ratio does not influence a continuous process);
- the dashed curve corresponds to a continuous process of the cross-flow type (parameters identical to those of the RPA process, again the CV2 / CV1 ratio is unimportant).
- the curves are parameterized by the permeation time.
- the retentate is enriched in 0 2 because oxygen is the component of the mixture with the lowest permeability.
- FIG. 6 makes it possible to compare the separation powers of the various processes.
- the process with withdrawal makes it possible to obtain at the same time a retentate containing more than 90% oxygen and a withdrawal stream containing more than 80% of CO 2 .
- Thickness of the membrane 1 ⁇ .
- Length of hollow fibers 1 m.
- Inner diameter of the hollow fibers 50 ⁇ m.
- Inner surface of the membrane 1000 m 2 .
- volume of upstream volume CV1 0.0125 m 3
- the time needed to reach equilibrium is about 50 s.
- Figure 8 shows the tradeoff between enrichment retentate N 2 and N 2 rate recovery for different processes. As in the case of Figure 5:
- the continuous curves correspond to processes according to the first embodiment of the invention (without racking) for different values of the CV2 / CV1 ratio: 0.1; 1; 10 (thick line); 100; 1000; 10000;
- the dotted curve corresponds to a continuous process of the RPA type
- the dashed curve corresponds to a continuous process of the cross-flow type.
- the curves are parameterized by the permeation time.
- Thickness of the membrane 0.1 ⁇ . Temperature: 297.15 K.
- Length of hollow fibers 1m.
- Inner diameter of the hollow fibers 50 ⁇ m.
- Inner surface of the membrane 1000 m 2 .
- CV2 ⁇ 0,1; 1; 10; 100; 1000; 10000 ⁇ CV1.
- the time required to reach equilibrium is about 500 s.
- Figure 11 shows the trade-off between enrichment of He-retentate and He-recovery rate for different processes.
- Figure 5 shows the trade-off between enrichment of He-retentate and He-recovery rate for different processes.
- the continuous curves correspond to processes according to the first embodiment of the invention (without racking) for different values of the CV2 / CV1 ratio: 0.1; 1; 10 (thick line); 100; 1000; 10000;
- the dashed curve corresponds to a continuous process of the cross-flow type.
- the curves are parameterized by the permeation time.
- the following table relates the cycle time (t 2 -ti) with the O 2 recovery rate for the CV2 / CV1 case.
- Figure 12 compares the separation powers of the different processes. It can be seen that the process with racking allows at the same time to obtain a withdrawal stream containing more than 70% of helium and a retentate containing more than 80% of methane. For example, it is possible to obtain a He content of 0.70 in the tapping stream and a CH content of 0.83 in the upstream volume with a cycle of duration equal to 191 s, with s.
- the invention has been described with reference to its application to the separation of gaseous mixtures by means of compact (non-porous) membranes. However, it also applies to processes using porous membranes, and / or the separation of liquid mixtures.
- FIGS. 15A-151 illustrate a method enabling this recycling to be carried out in a more energy efficient manner, by means of an installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 14 The installation of Figure 14 includes:
- a first valve VA1 disposed between the supply duct CA and the first volume V1 of the module MM, which is of the type described above with reference to FIG. 1;
- a first buffer tank RT1 disposed downstream of said first valve VA1 so as to be in fluid communication with said first volume V1; the capacity of the buffer tank RT1 can vary between a minimum value and a maximum value thanks, for example, to a piston;
- a second valve VA2 disposed on a branch connecting the supply duct CA to the second volume V2 of the module MM;
- a second buffer tank RT2 in fluid communication with said second volume V2; the capacity of the buffer tank RT2 can vary between a minimum value and a maximum value by, for example, a piston; a third valve VA3 disposed on the first exhaust duct CE1, between the first volume V1 of the module MM and a first storage tank RS1;
- a fourth valve VA4 disposed on the second exhaust duct CE2, between the second volume V2 of the module MM and said first storage tank RS1;
- a fifth valve VA5 disposed on a branch of the first discharge conduit CE1, between the first volume V1 of the module MM and a second storage tank RS2;
- a sixth valve VA6 disposed on a branch of the second exhaust duct CE2, between the second volume V2 of the module MM and said second storage tank RS2.
- valve pairs VA1 / VA2, VA3 / VA5 and VA4 / VA6 could be realized in the form of three-way valves.
- the capacity of the assembly VA1 / RT1 is greater by at least a factor of 10 than that of the assembly VA2 / RT2 when the piston of RT1 is raised and that of RT2 lowered, and vice versa.
- the VA1-VA6 valve system allows cyclic exchange of the roles of the first and second volume, while the buffer tanks have a dual function: temporarily store the P1 cut for recycling and allow to change the volumes of volumes V1 and V2 so that the "downstream" volume is always greater than that of the "upstream” volume despite said cyclic exchange.
- FIGS. 15A to 151 illustrate in detail the various steps of the method implemented by means of the installation of FIG. 14.
- FIG. 15A illustrates the initial step (a), shown in Fig. 15A, the valve VA1 is opened while the other valves are closed; the piston of the first buffer tank is lowered (the capacity of RT1 thus takes its minimum value) and that of the second buffer tank is raised (the capacity of RT2 thus takes its maximum value).
- the mixture to be separated Ml is introduced into the first volume V1 ("upstream" volume).
- FIG. 15B illustrates the second step (b) in which all the valves are closed and the mixture diffuses through the membrane MS for a time (t 2 - ti), as explained above.
- the volume V2 and the buffer tank RT2 are filled with the permeate P2 while the retentate R remains in the volume V1 (it is considered that, during this step, the capacity of the buffer tank RT1 is negligible).
- step (c1) illustrated in FIG. 15C, the valve VA6 is opened for a short period of time to allow the evacuation of the volume V2 / RT2 and the storage of the permeate P2 in the tank RS2.
- FIG. 15D It follows (FIG. 15D) a second diffusion phase (c2) of duration (U - h), during which the permeation through the membrane continues, modifying the composition of the retentate R which remains in the volume V2.
- the permeate P1 collected during this phase which, as explained above, to a composition substantially identical to that of the initial mixture M1, is stored temporarily in the buffer tank RT2.
- valve VA3 is open to evacuate the first volume V1 and store the retentate R in the reservoir RS1 (step c3).
- step a ' the valve VA1 is opened to fill the volume V1 of the mixture M1; the pistons of the buffer tanks are actuated so that the capacity of RT1 takes its maximum value and that of RT2 its minimum value.
- step (a ') the situation is exactly the same as at the end of step (a), except that the volumes V1 / RT1 and V2 / RT2 have exchanged their roles.
- This step, illustrated in FIG. 15F, is entirely symmetrical in step (b) described above.
- FIG. 15G shows the step (c1 ') during which the valve VA5 is open to allow storage of the cut P2, which has accumulated in the volume V1 / RT1, in the tank RS2.
- Step (c2 '), illustrated by FIG. 15H, is entirely symmetrical in step (c2) described above: it is a permeation during a duration (h), however, taking place from the volume V2 to the volume V1. All valves are closed during this step.
- step (a) the valve VA1 is opened to fill the volume V1 of the mixture Ml; the pistons of the buffer tanks are actuated so that the capacity of RT2 takes its maximum value and that of RT1 its minimum value.
- the situation is the same as in step (a) and the process can start again cyclically until the mixture to be separated is exhausted.
- the first and third sections of the mixture are recovered in the tanks RS1 and RS2, respectively. It is understood that the presence of these tanks is not essential, and they can be replaced by exhaust ducts bringing said cuts outside the installation.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1160587A FR2982778A1 (fr) | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | Procede de separation membranaire en regime discontinu. |
| PCT/IB2012/056572 WO2013076652A1 (fr) | 2011-11-21 | 2012-11-20 | Procédé de séparation membranaire en régime discontinu. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2782659A1 true EP2782659A1 (fr) | 2014-10-01 |
Family
ID=47436132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12806685.9A Withdrawn EP2782659A1 (fr) | 2011-11-21 | 2012-11-20 | Procédé de séparation membranaire en régime discontinu. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9623368B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2782659A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2982778A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013076652A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4955998A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1990-09-11 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Process for separating gas |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3818679A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1974-06-25 | Inst Gas Technology | Separation of gaseous mixtures under non-steady state conditions |
| US5354474A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1994-10-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Dynamic membrane separation process for improved selectivity |
| US5120900A (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1992-06-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Integrated solvent extraction/membrane extraction with retentate recycle for improved raffinate yield |
| SE0403139D0 (sv) * | 2004-12-23 | 2004-12-23 | Nanoxis Ab | Device and use thereof |
| WO2007102551A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-13 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Element membranaire en spirale et son procede de production |
| WO2008074791A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procédé destiné à enlever un poly(propylène oxyde) d'un oxyde de propylène par séparation par membrane |
| EP2375249B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-09 | 2019-12-25 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Dispositifs et procédé de séparation de plasma d'un échantillon sanguin |
| KR20120119228A (ko) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-31 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 금속 공기 전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
| US20150314245A1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-11-05 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Composite separation membrane |
-
2011
- 2011-11-21 FR FR1160587A patent/FR2982778A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-11-20 WO PCT/IB2012/056572 patent/WO2013076652A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-20 EP EP12806685.9A patent/EP2782659A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-20 US US14/359,499 patent/US9623368B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4955998A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1990-09-11 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Process for separating gas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013076652A1 (fr) | 2013-05-30 |
| US9623368B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
| US20140318368A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
| FR2982778A1 (fr) | 2013-05-24 |
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