EP2765281B1 - Appareil de cycle de Rankine - Google Patents

Appareil de cycle de Rankine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2765281B1
EP2765281B1 EP13000615.8A EP13000615A EP2765281B1 EP 2765281 B1 EP2765281 B1 EP 2765281B1 EP 13000615 A EP13000615 A EP 13000615A EP 2765281 B1 EP2765281 B1 EP 2765281B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
rankine cycle
heating means
fluid
thermal machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13000615.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2765281A1 (fr
Inventor
Mario Guadalajara Saiz
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INGENIERIA I MAS D-TEC RATIO SL
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INGENIERIA I MAS D-TEC RATIO SL
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Priority to EP13000615.8A priority Critical patent/EP2765281B1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB2014/000097 priority patent/WO2014122515A2/fr
Publication of EP2765281A1 publication Critical patent/EP2765281A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2765281B1 publication Critical patent/EP2765281B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a Rankine cycle apparatus comprising a Rankine cycle circuit and a circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine where the latter is used for heating a fluid circulating through the Rankine cycle circuit, and more particularly to an apparatus where said heating is an additional heating performed after a main heating.
  • JP2012112369 discloses a system for saving energy in an air conditioner system of a vehicle, where a heat pump is used for heating fluid circulating through a Rankine cycle circuit in a heat exchanger. Said heat exchanger is the only heating device included in the Rankine cycle circuit.
  • US8302399B1 discloses a waste heat recovery system comprising a Rankine cycle circuit having first heating means and second heating means, sequentially arranged between a pump an a turbine.
  • the first heating means perform a preheating of the fluid coming from the pump by means of a thermal transfer from the fluid circulating through a plurality of refrigerating cycles, arranged in parallel branches, in the form of a plurality of charge air coolers in communication with a plurality of turbocharger stages.
  • JP2008008224 discloses a waste heat management apparatus of an internal combustion engine, which comprises a Rankine cycle circuit including first and second heating means in the form of respective heat exchangers, where the first of the heat exchangers uses as heat source for transferring heat to the fluid of the Rankine cycle a heated fluid used for refrigerating a combustion engine, while the second one uses as heat source heat of suction air pressurized by supercharger of the engine, also known as intercooler. None of the heat exchangers uses as heat source a refrigerating thermal machine circuit.
  • WO2009107828A1 discloses a Rankine cycle circuit including a first parallel heat exchanger for heating a fluid and a second parallel heat exchanger for heating the fluid once heated by the first parallel heat exchanger, and a refrigerating thermal machine circuit a portion of which is connected to a first path of the first parallel heat exchanger for transferring the heat and/or calorific energy of the fluid circulating therein to the fluid of the Rankine cycle circuit which circulates through a second path of the first parallel heat exchanger.
  • the present inventor doesn't know any proposal which teaches the use of a as heat source for a second or further heating means of a Rankine cycle circuit arranged after a first or main heating means.
  • a Rankine cycle apparatus comprising:
  • said heating means to which said portion of said circuit of said refrigerator thermal machine is connected is said second heating means, and said portion of said circuit of said refrigerator thermal machine transfers heat to the fluid of the Rankine cycle circuit with a higher temperature than the one provided by said first heating means
  • thermodynamic cycle The performance of any thermodynamic cycle is mainly dependant on the maximum and minimum temperatures of the cycle, therefore the greater the difference between these temperatures the greater the performance of the cycle.
  • the maximum temperature of the cycle is obtained in the main heater, and in a Rankine cycle with pre-heating, such as the one of WO2009107828A1 , the maximum temperature is obtained in the heater which is not joined to the refrigerating thermal machine, while in one with post-heating by means of a refrigerating thermal machine, i.e. in the apparatus of the present invention, the maximum temperature of the cycle is obtained in the second heater, which is joined to the refrigerating thermal machine.
  • the cycle in which the maximum temperature is higher is the cycle with post-heating by means of a refrigerating thermal machine, i.e. the one of the present invention, thus providing the highest performance, due also to a good optimization thereof.
  • a circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine as heat source for the second heating means of the Rankine cycle circuit, the efficiency of the whole cycle is increased, while the arrangement and control of additional elements prior or affecting the first heating means is at least not made more difficult than in conventional Rankine cycles not using a refrigerating cycle as a heat source, and much easier and advantageous than in those apparatuses which use a refrigerating cycle as a heat source for the first or main heating means.
  • the terms second heating means refer to any heating means arranged after the main heating means of the Rankine cycle circuit, whatever the number of heating means included in the Rankine cycle circuit is, i.e. if the Rankine cycle circuit has, for example, a main heating means and three further heating means, arranged between the main heating means and the vapour expander, the second heating means can be any of said three further heating means, or even more than one of them.
  • said circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine is a vapour compression cycle circuit or constitutes a heat pump.
  • the apparatus of the present invention constitutes a heat engine, i.e. an apparatus that transforms a temperature difference into kinetic energy, where the latter can be transformed afterwards into electrical energy by means of other systems.
  • the second heating means comprises a heat exchanger having a first path fluidically communicating the output of the first heating means with the input of at least one vapour expander (such as a turbine) of the Rankine cycle, and a second path connected to or constituted by said portion of the circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine, such that the heat and/or calorific energy of the fluid circulating through the second path is transferred to the one circulating through the first path.
  • a vapour expander such as a turbine
  • the heat exchanger can be any of the already known heat exchangers, although the use of a counter-flow heat exchanger is preferred.
  • the circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine has a further use with respect to the Rankine cycle circuit, particularly related to the cooling of the fluid circulating between the vapour expander and the first heating means.
  • another portion of the circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine is connected to a cooling device, arranged in the Rankine cycle circuit, in a segment between the vapour expander and the first heating means, for cooling the fluid circulating therein.
  • said cooling device is arranged previously or after a condenser of the Rankine cycle circuit, for providing a two-stage cooling of the fluid exiting the vapour expander: the one provided by the cooling device and the one provided by the condenser itself.
  • the cooling device is a heat exchanger having a first path connected to or constituted by said another portion of the circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine and a second path constituted by said segment of the Rankine cycle circuit, such that the heat and/or calorific energy of the fluid circulating through the second path is transferred to the one circulating through the first path.
  • the circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine of the apparatus of the present invention is configured and arranged for refrigerating at least part of the first heating means and/or of a heating device of the refrigerating thermal machine circuit.
  • the Rankine cycle circuit is a regenerative Rankine cycle circuit or a Rankine cycle circuit with reheating including two or more vapour expanders, or a combination thereof.
  • the apparatus of the present invention comprises, for an embodiment, a plurality of sensors arranged for detecting at least temperature (and optionally also other parameters, such as pressure) at different points of the Rankine cycle circuit and of the circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine and control means configured and arranged for receiving the temperature readings performed by said sensors and for controlling valve devices and/or the operation of at least some of the elements (such as the output pressure of pumps or compressors) of the Rankine cycle circuit and of the refrigerating thermal machine circuit as a function of at least said temperature readings.
  • a plurality of sensors arranged for detecting at least temperature (and optionally also other parameters, such as pressure) at different points of the Rankine cycle circuit and of the circuit of a refrigerator thermal machine and control means configured and arranged for receiving the temperature readings performed by said sensors and for controlling valve devices and/or the operation of at least some of the elements (such as the output pressure of pumps or compressors) of the Rankine cycle circuit and of the refrigerating thermal machine circuit as a function of at least said temperature reading
  • the appended Figures show different arrangements of the Rankine cycle apparatus of the present invention for corresponding different embodiments, all of them having in common that the apparatus is a heat engine and comprises:
  • Figure 1 shows a basic arrangement of the apparatus of the invention, where there is only one main heater 1.3 for both circuits, where the secondary circuit is a vapour compression circuit.
  • calorific energy is introduced into the main heater 1.3 and mechanical energy is introduced into the vapour compressor 1.1 and into the pump 1.7, while mechanical energy is extracted from the vapour turbine 1.5 and calorific energy is lost at condenser 1.6. Therefore, the performance of the apparatus is calculated as the ratio of the energy extracted from the vapour turbine 1.5 to the sum of the energies introduced into the main heater 1.3, the vapour compressor 1.1 and the pump 1.7.
  • Figure 2 differs from Figure 1 in that in the embodiment of Figure 2 each circuit has its own main heater, 2.4 for the Rankine cycle circuit and 2.3 for the refrigerating thermal machine circuit, the overall operation being the same that for the embodiment of Figure 1 .
  • Figure 3 differs from Figure 1 in that in the arrangement of Figure 2 the Rankine cycle circuit is a regenerative Rankine cycle circuit with an open heater 3.9 placed between a low pressure pump 3.8 and a high pressure pump 3.10. Fluid is tapped from an intermediate temperature point of the turbine 3.6 and introduced into the open heater 3.9 at point "g", in order to heat fluid coming from the low pressure pump 3.8 from "b" to "c”. Next the fluid is pumped by high pressure pump 3.10 to enter the main heater 3.4.
  • FIG 4 it shows an arrangement of the apparatus of the present invention which is almost identical to that of Figure 3 but where the regenerative cycle includes a closed heater 4.10 instead of an open heater.
  • fluid is tapped from an intermediate temperature point of the turbine 4.6 and introduced into a first path of the closed heater 4.10 at point "f", in order to heat fluid coming from the pump 4.9 and which circulates, from "b” to "c", through the second path of the heat exchanger constituting the closed heater 4.10.
  • FIG. 5 The embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention shown in Figure 5 is very similar to the one of Figure 1 , differing therefrom in that the secondary circuit is not a vapour compression cycle but a heat pump.
  • the operation of this circuit is the following:
  • the performance is, therefore, the ratio between the sum of the extracted mechanical energy to the sum of all energy introduced.
  • the embodiment of Figure 6 differs from the one of Figure 5 in that, instead of only one motor, the secondary circuit includes two motors: a high pressure motor 6.2 and a low pressure motor 6.3 in a reheating cycle. I.e., once gas exits the high pressure motor 6.2 at “h” it enters the main heater 6.4 where is heated until point "i”. Next, instead of going to the compressor 6.1, it enters the low pressure motor 6.3, where it still loses more pressure and temperature. Then, gas at "j” passes again through the main heater 6.4 where is heated again until point "k", and then it enters gas compressor 6.1. An increase in the overall performance is thus achieved.
  • point "h” has a lower temperature than the lowest temperature of the primary circuit, as shown in the left T-S diagram of said Figure. This lower temperature can be used for cooling the primary circuit and, thus, improve its performance.
  • Figure 9 shows the apparatus of the present invention for another embodiment similar to the one of Figure 7 but with the addition, in the primary circuit, of a regenerative Rankine circuit with a closed heater 9.10.
  • Points "f” to “k” of Figure 7 correspond to, respectively, points “j” to “o” of Figure 9
  • points "a” to “i” of Figure 4 correspond to points “a” to “i” of Figure 9 .
  • the Rankine cycle circuit includes two vapour turbines 10.5 and 10.6, and the heat exchanger 10.4 comprises a third path (which is also heated by heat and/or calorific energy transfer from the fluid of the secondary circuit circulating from "i” to "j") fluidically communicating a further output of the main heater 10.3, at "c", with the input of the high pressure vapour expander 10.5, at "d", the latter having an output connected to an intermediate temperature input of the main heater 10.3, at "e”, where the fluid is heated again exiting at "f", then being further heated in the heat exchanger 10.4, exiting at "g", and then entering the low pressure vapour turbine 10.6.
  • the heat exchanger 10.4 comprises a third path (which is also heated by heat and/or calorific energy transfer from the fluid of the secondary circuit circulating from "i" to "j") fluidically communicating a further output of the main heater 10.3, at "c", with the input of the high pressure vapour expander 10.5, at "d”, the latter having an output connected to an intermediate temperature input of the main heater 10.3, at
  • Points "f” to “i” of Figure 5 correspond to, respectively, points “i” to “l” of Figure 10
  • points "a” to “i” of Figure 4 correspond to points “a” to “d”
  • points “e” of Figure 5 correspond to, respectively, points “a” to “d” and “h” of Figure 10 , although with different temperature values
  • Figure 11 shows an arrangement of the apparatus of the present invention almost identical to the one of Figure 2 , but with the difference that in this case the main heater of the secondary circuit 11.3 is refrigerated with environment air.
  • any other combination of the elements and arrangements of the Rankine cycle circuit and of the refrigerating thermal machine circuit shown in the appended Figures can be done for other embodiments (not illustrated) of the apparatus of the present invention, such as, for example, the inclusion in the Rankine cycle circuit of regenerative cycles (with open or closed heaters) and/or reheating cycles, of any number of vapour turbines and of coolers taking profit of the fluid of the secondary circuit, and/or the use, in the refrigerating circuit, of common main heaters with the Rankine circuit or of independent heaters, and/or its constitution as heat pump or as a vapour compression cycle, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Appareil du cycle de Rankine, comportant:
    - un circuit du cycle de Rankine comprenant au moins des premiers moyens chauffants (1.3, 2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.3, 6.4, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3, 10.3, 11.4) pour chauffer un fluide et de deuxièmes moyens chauffants (1.4, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.4, 6.5, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, 10.4, 11.5) pour chauffer le fluide déjà chauffé par les premiers moyens chauffants (1.3, 2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.3, 6.4, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3, 10.3, 11.4); y
    - un circuit d'une machine thermique réfrigérateur, dont une portion est reliée ou fait partie d'un de ces premiers (1.3, 2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.3, 6.4, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3, 10.3, 11.4) et deuxièmes (1.4, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.4, 6.5, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, 10.4, 11.5) moyens chauffants pour transférer la chaleur et/ou l'énergie calorifique du fluide circulant à son intérieur au fluide du circuit du cycle de Rankine;
    dans lequel l'appareil est caractérisé en ce que ces moyens chauffants auxquels cette portion de ce circuit de cette machine thermique réfrigérateur est reliée sont ces deuxièmes moyens chauffants (1.4, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.4, 6.5, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, 10.4, 11.5) et en ce que cette portion de ce circuit de cette machine thermique réfrigérateur transfère la chaleur au fluide du circuit du cycle de Rankine à une température plus élevée que celle offerte par ces premiers moyens chauffants (1.3, 2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.3, 6.4, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3, 10.3, 11.4).
  2. L'appareil de la revendication 1, dans lequel il constitue un moteur thermique.
  3. L'appareil de la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ces deuxièmes moyens chauffants (1.4, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.4, 6.5, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, 10.4, 11.5) comportent un échangeur thermique ayant un premier passage communiquant fluidiquement la sortie de ces premiers moyens chauffants (1.3, 2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.3, 6.4, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3, 10.3, 11.4) avec l'entrée d'au moins un dispositif d'expansion de vapeur (1.5, 2.6, 3.6, 4.6, 5.5, 6.6, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 10.6, 11.6) du cycle de Rankine et un deuxième passage relié ou constitué par cette portion du circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur, de sorte que la chaleur et/ou l'énergie calorifique du fluide circulant à travers le deuxième passage est transférée à celui circulant à travers le premier passage.
  4. L'appareil de la revendication 3, dans lequel ce dispositif d'expansion de vapeur (1.5, 2.6, 3.6, 4.6, 5.5, 6.6, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 10.6, 11.6) est une turbine.
  5. L'appareil d'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, dans lequel une autre portion de ce circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur est reliée à un dispositif de refroidissement (7.6, 8.7) aménagé dans ce circuit du cycle de Rankine, dans un segment entre ce dispositif d'expansion de vapeur (7.5, 8.5) et ces premiers moyens chauffants (7.3, 8.3), pour refroidir le fluide circulant à son intérieur.
  6. L'appareil de la revendication 5, dans lequel ce dispositif de refroidissement (7.6, 8.7) est aménagé en aval ou en amont d'un condenseur (7.7, 8.6) du circuit du cycle de Rankine, pour offrir un refroidissement en deux phases du fluide sortant du dispositif d'expansion de vapeur (7.5, 8.5).
  7. L'appareil de la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel ce dispositif de refroidissement (7.6, 8.7) est une échangeur thermique ayant un premier passage relié ou constitué par cette autre portion du circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur et une deuxième passage constitué par ce segment du circuit du cycle de Rankine, de sorte que la chaleur et/ou énergie calorifique du fluide circulant à travers le deuxième passage est transférée à celui circulant à travers le premier passage.
  8. L'appareil d'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ce circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur est un circuit de cycle de compression de vapeur ou constitue une pompe à chaleur.
  9. L'appareil d'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ce circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur est configuré et agencé pour refroidir au moins une partie de ces premiers moyens chauffants (1.3, 2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.3, 6.4, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3, 10.3, 11.4) et/ou d'un dispositif chauffant (2.3, 3.3, 4.3, 11.3) du circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur.
  10. L'appareil d'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ce circuit du cycle de Rankine es un circuit du cycle de Rankine régénérateur ou un circuit du cycle de Rankine ayant un réchauffage comportant deux ou plusieurs dispositifs d'expansion (10.6, 10.5) ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
  11. L'appareil d'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant une pluralité de capteurs pour détecter au moins la température à différents points du circuit du cycle de Rankine y du circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur, et des moyens de contrôle configurés et agencés pour recevoir des lectures de température réalisées par ces capteurs et pour contrôler des dispositifs de soupape et/ou le fonctionnement d'au moins certains des éléments du circuit du cycle de Rankine et du circuit de la machine thermique réfrigérateur en fonction de ces lectures de température.
EP13000615.8A 2013-02-07 2013-02-07 Appareil de cycle de Rankine Not-in-force EP2765281B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13000615.8A EP2765281B1 (fr) 2013-02-07 2013-02-07 Appareil de cycle de Rankine
PCT/IB2014/000097 WO2014122515A2 (fr) 2013-02-07 2014-01-31 Appareil à cycle de rankine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13000615.8A EP2765281B1 (fr) 2013-02-07 2013-02-07 Appareil de cycle de Rankine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2765281A1 EP2765281A1 (fr) 2014-08-13
EP2765281B1 true EP2765281B1 (fr) 2015-07-08

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EP13000615.8A Not-in-force EP2765281B1 (fr) 2013-02-07 2013-02-07 Appareil de cycle de Rankine

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EP (1) EP2765281B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014122515A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130327042A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2013-12-12 American Thermal Power, Llc Thermodynamic power generation system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2601582B1 (es) * 2016-02-26 2017-12-12 Ideadora, S.L. Sistema termodinámico para la generación de energía eléctrica.
CN113587479A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2021-11-02 李华玉 第二类单工质联合循环
CN113587480A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2021-11-02 李华玉 第二类单工质联合循环
WO2022007375A1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 李华玉 Cycle combiné de milieu de travail unique de second type

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JP2008008224A (ja) 2006-06-29 2008-01-17 Denso Corp 廃熱利用装置
EP1925786A1 (fr) * 2006-11-23 2008-05-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système pour l'utilisation de la chaleur résiduelle
DE202007015236U1 (de) * 2007-11-02 2008-01-24 GMK Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH Vorrichtung zur Energieerzeugung
US20090126381A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Trigeneration system and method
JP2009204204A (ja) 2008-02-27 2009-09-10 Calsonic Kansei Corp 排熱回生システム
ITMI20090039A1 (it) * 2009-01-19 2010-07-20 Franco Finocchiaro Procedimento e sistema per la generazione di energia utilizzante sorgenti di calore liquide e o gassose a bordo di unita navali
JP2012112369A (ja) 2010-11-19 2012-06-14 Atsuo Morikawa ヒートポンプ発電装置
US8302399B1 (en) 2011-05-13 2012-11-06 General Electric Company Organic rankine cycle systems using waste heat from charge air cooling

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130327042A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2013-12-12 American Thermal Power, Llc Thermodynamic power generation system

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WO2014122515A2 (fr) 2014-08-14
WO2014122515A3 (fr) 2015-05-07
EP2765281A1 (fr) 2014-08-13

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