EP2764577A1 - Source multi-faisceaux - Google Patents
Source multi-faisceauxInfo
- Publication number
- EP2764577A1 EP2764577A1 EP12768843.0A EP12768843A EP2764577A1 EP 2764577 A1 EP2764577 A1 EP 2764577A1 EP 12768843 A EP12768843 A EP 12768843A EP 2764577 A1 EP2764577 A1 EP 2764577A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- source
- central
- elementary
- sources
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
- H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of satellite telecommunications. It relates more particularly to a multi-beam source for a multi-beam antenna.
- Multi-beam antennas for spot coverage of a given geographical area are used in satellite communications.
- the main objective of this technology is to reduce the cost of bit transmission by making the best use of the frequency band allocated to a given application.
- the distribution of the signals is such that two adjacent cells do not have signals having the same characteristics, that is to say signals with the same frequency and the same polarization.
- the identical signals are reused in non-adjacent cells to increase the capacity of the system.
- a multi-beam "multi-beam source” multi-beam antenna has a multi-beam source placed near the focus of a focusing system composed of one or more reflectors.
- the multi-beam source has several elementary sources arranged in subnetworks.
- a sub-network makes it possible to form a beam having a given frequency and a given polarization.
- the allocated frequency band is divided into two sub-frequency bands F-, and F 2 , and two orthogonal polarizations linear (horizontal H and vertical V) or circular (right PCG or left PCD ) are used.
- the elementary sources contributing to the formation of a beam are seven in number and called septets.
- the septets used for two adjacent beams have overlapping areas.
- Figure 1 illustrates such a scheme for reuse of frequency and polarization.
- the subnets are associated so that two adjacent subnetworks have elementary sources in common.
- Figure 1 several subareas of seven elementary sources are associated (septets). Each subnet is hexagonal.
- the interleaving of sub-networks makes it possible to enlarge the surface used for the formation of a beam and thus to improve its radio characteristics.
- the multi-beam source includes a beam forming network (BFN).
- BFN beam forming network
- the BFN has N access corresponding to the number of beams.
- a signal supplying an access is distributed with a predetermined phase and amplitude weighting on all the sources of one of the sub-networks.
- the aim of the BFN is to distribute the signals from the accesses to the elementary sources of each subnetwork knowing that adjacent subnetworks have overlaps.
- a BFN is known consisting of several 2: 2 couplers feeding sub-networks of which some elementary sources are shared with other subnets.
- 2 couplers feeding sub-networks of which some elementary sources are shared with other subnets.
- N. Ratkorn, M. Schneider, R. Gehring, H. Wolf "MEDUSA - A Multiple Feeds per Beam Multi Spot Beam Antenna Project", 30th ESA Antenna Workshop, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 27. -30 May 2008.
- This structure of BFN therefore comprises a succession of 2: 2 couplers interconnected by an entanglement of waveguides.
- the routing of the waveguides is made difficult by the fact that the elementary antenna array is two-dimensional and that the adjacent sub-networks have overlaps.
- the solution obtained is binding in terms of manufacturing and possible calibration of the elements located in the heart of the BFN.
- An object of the invention is to have a multi-beam source for performing the interleaving of subnets in a simple manner.
- the invention relates to a multi-beam source for a multi-beam antenna, the source comprising a plurality of identical elementary sources such as:
- the elementary sources are associated in identical subarrays around a central elemental source, each sub-network being intended to form a beam and whereas two adjacent sub-networks comprise at least one elementary source in common;
- a power supply and bias stage for supplying power and biasing the electromagnetic field to the accesses of the central elementary sources
- the source being characterized in that the distribution stage consists of a plurality of parallel waveguides oriented along an axis of radiation of said source, each waveguide corresponding to each elementary source and arranged by relative to others such as for a sub-network, a central waveguide corresponds to the central elemental source and peripheral waveguides are radially connected to the central waveguide and such as the waveguides corresponding to the sources. elementals common to several subnets are connected to each other.
- the invention relates to a multi-beam antenna comprising a focusing system and a multi-beam source according to the first aspect of the invention arranged near the focus of said focusing system.
- the waveguides are connected by means of coupling slots arranged radially around the waveguide so as to couple the fundamental mode of the central guide and the fundamental mode of the peripheral guide, the fundamental mode being defined as the first propagative mode ;
- the coupling slots are spaced from less than half of the guided wavelength in the central waveguide at the operating frequency, preferably one quarter of the guided wavelength of the waveguide central to the operating frequency;
- the number of coupling slots is a function of the difference in power radiated by the central elemental source and that radiated by the elementary sources of the corresponding sub-network, the apodization typically varying between 0 and 10 dB;
- the access stage comprises a polarizer adapted to operate in circular or linear polarization corresponding to each central elemental source;
- phase-shifting stage arranged following the distribution stage for controlling the phase of the signals issuing from the waveguides
- the distribution stage and the phase-shifter stage are formed, for an elementary source, by a single variable-section waveguide;
- the waveguides corresponding to each elemental source and the connections between the guides are formed by a stack of layers of material, typically aluminum or invar;
- each sub-network consists of seven sources, a central elemental source six elementary sources arranged around the central elemental source;
- the distribution stage comprises a plurality of directional couplers 1: 7 consisting of a central guide and six peripheral guides arranged around the central waveguide.
- FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c schematically illustrate the structure of a multi-beam source according to the invention
- FIGS. 3a and 3b respectively show a profile view in section and in front of a septet of the source according to the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of a source according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 5 illustrates a sectional view of Figure 4
- FIG. 6 illustrates a view of two waveguides of the source according to the invention.
- a multi-beam source comprises a plurality of elementary sources arranged for example in a triangular mesh and which are associated in sub-networks each comprising elementary sources S1 1, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16 arranged around an elementary source. central S1.
- a subnet contains seven elementary sources, which is called septets.
- the sub-network comprises six elementary sources S1 1, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16 arranged around a central elemental source S1.
- the subnets are associated such that two adjacent subnetworks have elementary sources in common (as illustrated in FIG. 1).
- Each subnet is hexagonal (see Figure 1).
- the multi-beam source is made up of several stages (see Figure 2a) of which:
- a distribution stage 20 for distributing the power between the central elementary source S1 -S7 and the elementary sources of the sub-network as well as between the sources common to several sub-networks.
- a polarizer 100 (double lines in FIGS. 2c, 4) is disposed either at each input of the distribution stage or at each output of the distribution stage.
- the multi-beam source comprises a phase shifter stage 20 which makes it possible to adjust the phase of the signals originating from the distribution stage 30 (see FIG. 2b).
- the source comprises a radiating stage 40 typically composed of horns connected after the phase shifter stage and corresponding to each elementary source (see FIG. 5).
- the distribution stage 30 consists of several waveguides.
- Figure 3b illustrates in perspective and in section the arrangement of five waveguides 1, 1 1, 14, 15, 16 of a septet.
- a central waveguide 1 corresponds to the central elemental source S1 and six peripheral guides are coupled radially to the central waveguide 1.
- the accesses of the peripheral guides may be terminated either by short-circuits or by appropriate loads designed to absorb the residual power likely to propagate in the opposite direction.
- a sub-network is in fact a 1: 7 coupler consisting of a central waveguide 1 corresponding to the central elementary source S1 and six peripheral guides S1 1, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16 which correspond to the peripheral guides.
- the waveguides are circular, oval, hexagonal or square.
- peripheral guides are connected to the central guide by means of coupling slots 10.
- the peripheral guides and the central guide are coupled together by means of six rows of coupling slots 10.
- Figure 3b shows a front view of a septet.
- the coupling slots are typically rectangular in shape and are connected on the one hand to the central waveguide and on the other hand to one of the peripheral guides of the sub-network.
- the width of the coupling slots is between the half wavelength ⁇ and the diameter of the peripheral waveguide.
- the coupling slots may include isolation devices allowing the propagation of energy from the central guide to the peripheral guide while prohibiting propagation in the opposite direction. Insulation devices can be made by means of ferrites, for example.
- certain waveguides are connected by coupling slots 10 to the central waveguides of the adjacent sub-networks, the waveguides corresponding to the elementary sources common to several sub-networks are connected to one another.
- the couplers 1: 7 are interlaced, that is to say that the peripheral guides (elementary sources S1 1, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16) participate simultaneously in several adjacent subnetworks, the peripheral guides are connected in parallel through rows of coupling slots to three adjacent central guides.
- the coupling slots are spaced by a pitch less than X centroid giguid 2 where X centroid giguide) is the guided wavelength in the central waveguide calculated in the frequency band to be coupled.
- the number of coupling slots is chosen so that the coupling area is between four and eight times X giguide centra) .
- the spacing between the slots and the number of slots must be optimized to ensure good coupling.
- the number of coupling slots is a function of the difference in power radiated by the central elemental source and that radiated by the elementary sources of the corresponding subarray, the apodization typically varying between 0 and 10 dB.
- the structure is symmetrical, which makes it possible to minimize the generation of higher order modes that can propagate, as a function of the diameter of the waveguides and the frequency.
- the non-connected coupling slots 13 of the sub-networks located at the periphery are terminated by short-circuits (reflecting the incident field in the slot) or appropriate charges (absorbing the incident field in the slot) to optimize the operation of these subnets.
- the adapted charges composed of lossy material have the function of canceling the reflection of the energy propagated in the unconnected coupling slots, which can degrade the radio performance of sub-networks located at the periphery.
- Figure 5 is shown a sectional view along the axis BB of Figure 4.
- the coupling is provided here by five slots 111 of rectangular coupling.
- the phase-shifter stage 30 consists, for an elementary source, in a variable-section waveguide for modulating the guided wavelength and thus the output phase.
- FIG. 6 illustrates this principle with two waveguides of identical length making it possible to obtain differentiated output phases.
- the phase shifter stage can be made by stacking machined metal layers.
- a multibeam source formed by a stack of layers of material.
- the material used is identical for all the layers in order to promote a homogeneous mechanical and thermoelastic behavior. Materials such as aluminum or invar can be used.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1158993A FR2981207B1 (fr) | 2011-10-05 | 2011-10-05 | Source multi-faisceaux |
| PCT/EP2012/069699 WO2013050517A1 (fr) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-10-05 | Source multi-faisceaux |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2764577A1 true EP2764577A1 (fr) | 2014-08-13 |
| EP2764577B1 EP2764577B1 (fr) | 2018-08-29 |
Family
ID=46970324
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12768843.0A Active EP2764577B1 (fr) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-10-05 | Source multi-faisceaux |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9876284B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2764577B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2981207B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013050517A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3965231B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-26 | 2023-05-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Appareil d'antenne |
| EP3531509B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-08 | 2021-01-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Dispositif d'antenne |
| FR3067535B1 (fr) | 2017-06-09 | 2023-03-03 | Airbus Defence & Space Sas | Satellite de telecommunications, procede de formation de faisceaux et procede de fabrication d’une charge utile de satellite |
| KR102583964B1 (ko) | 2021-01-14 | 2023-09-27 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 고차 모드를 이용한 다중빔 안테나 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4090203A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1978-05-16 | Trw Inc. | Low sidelobe antenna system employing plural spaced feeds with amplitude control |
| FR2560446B1 (fr) * | 1984-01-05 | 1986-05-30 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Repartiteur de puissance pour antenne a faisceaux multiples a elements sources partages |
| US8289132B2 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2012-10-16 | Direct Source International, Inc. | Locking system for electronic equipment |
| US6606077B2 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2003-08-12 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Multi-beam antenna |
| US7994996B2 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2011-08-09 | TK Holding Inc., Electronics | Multi-beam antenna |
| US8041437B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2011-10-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for virtual control of laboratory equipment |
| US9625602B2 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2017-04-18 | SeeScan, Inc. | Smart personal communication devices as user interfaces |
| US20130113648A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-05-09 | L-3 Communications Cyterra Corporation | Sensor head |
-
2011
- 2011-10-05 FR FR1158993A patent/FR2981207B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-10-05 EP EP12768843.0A patent/EP2764577B1/fr active Active
- 2012-10-05 WO PCT/EP2012/069699 patent/WO2013050517A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-10-05 US US14/349,867 patent/US9876284B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2013050517A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2981207A1 (fr) | 2013-04-12 |
| US9876284B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
| US20140333498A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
| EP2764577B1 (fr) | 2018-08-29 |
| FR2981207B1 (fr) | 2014-03-07 |
| WO2013050517A1 (fr) | 2013-04-11 |
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