EP2763144B1 - Light weight dynamic subsea power cable - Google Patents

Light weight dynamic subsea power cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2763144B1
EP2763144B1 EP13306757.9A EP13306757A EP2763144B1 EP 2763144 B1 EP2763144 B1 EP 2763144B1 EP 13306757 A EP13306757 A EP 13306757A EP 2763144 B1 EP2763144 B1 EP 2763144B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power cable
buoyancy
conductor
elements
conductor element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13306757.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2763144A1 (en
Inventor
Lars-Oyvind Moen
John Hang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/12—Floating cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
    • H01B7/045—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables attached to marine objects, e.g. buoys, diving equipment, aquatic probes, marine towline

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a subsea power cable and a method for producing such a cable. More particularly, the invention relates to a light weight dynamic subsea power cable with buoyancy elements.
  • a dynamic power cable requires that the cable is constructed to sufficiently dissipate heat generated by the conductor elements. Further, the dynamic subsea power cable should be designed for the intended depth. To reduce cable weight in water, pressure resistant buoyancy elements are required. The buoyancy must be provided without inducing local cable stress.
  • US4132084 discloses a submarine conductor for transmission of high voltage adapted to accommodate flotation elements.
  • the floating elements are disclosed as independent elements optionally as interconnectable modular elements.
  • the structure requires a number of elements to interconnect all the elements thereof.
  • the disclosed solution is intended for a substantially permanent and/or static connection between two systems separated by a body of water.
  • US4508934 discloses a high electrical current conductive marine cable comprising electrical conductors spirally wrapped about the outer surface of an inner flotation core.
  • US3766307 discloses a cable for marine applications comprising helically extending electrical conductors wound about a flotation core.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a dynamic subsea power cable with adapted buoyancy, which alleviates or avoids at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art cables.
  • the invention provides a subsea cable with adapted buoyancy, which is easy to manufacture, install and operate, and which has a high tolerance for dynamic loads.
  • the subsea cable according to the invention is also suitable for conductor element(s) which in a prior art solution would generate temperatures exceeding the temperature rating of the insulation material of said conductor element(s).
  • the present invention provides a subsea power cable according to claim 1. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the heat from the conductor element(s) is allowed to dissipate while at the same time the desired buoyancy is achieved.
  • Stranding of the buoyancy elements leads to a flexible cable with significantly improved bending properties.
  • the improved bending properties are highly important for cables subjected to dynamic loads as it significantly improves the fatigue lifetime.
  • the present invention provides a light weight power cable.
  • the present invention provides a subsea power cable at least one conductor element, and at least one continuous buoyancy element having a density lower than water, wherein the at least one conductor element and the at least one buoyancy element are stranded together.
  • the power cable according to the invention comprises at least one continuous buoyancy element having, or being made in a material having, a density less than 0.95 kg/dm 3 , preferably less than 0.90 kg/dm 3 , or even more preferred equal to, or less than, 0.85 kg/dm 3 .
  • the power cable according to the invention comprises at least one strain element assembled with the other elements, the strain element is made of a synthetic yarn such as polyamide or a polyolefin, such as polyethylene, optionally with a mantle made in a polymer material.
  • the power cable according to the invention comprises at least one strain element arranged at the center and/or the periphery of the power cable, and is stranded together with the at least one conductor element and and/or the at least one buoyancy element.
  • the power cable according to the invention comprises at least one conductor element arranged at, or near, the outer surface of the power cable.
  • the present invention provides a power cable, wherein less than 60%, or preferably less than 50%, of the circumference of the at least one conductor element is insulated from the outer surface of the power cable by the at least one buoyancy element.
  • the power cable according to the invention comprises an outer sheath and/or optionally an outer layer of mechanical protection consisting of a layer of weaved or braided yarn, bands, ribbons or tape.
  • the buoyancy element(s) of the power cable according to the invention is made in a material selected from the group of thermoplastic elastomers, such as styrenic block copolymers, polyolefin blends and thermoplastic polyurethanes.
  • the conductor element(s) of the power cable according to the invention is designed to transfer electrical current with a current density above 0.8 A/mm2.
  • the power cable according to the invention comprises at least one signal carrying element, such as an optical fiber cable.
  • the at least one conductor element of the power cable according to the invention is in fluid contact with water surrounding the cable when in use.
  • the present invention provides a method of producing a subsea power cable according to claim 10.
  • the method comprises the step of adding an outer sheath and/or an outer layer of mechanical protection consisting of a layer of weaved or braided yarn, bands, ribbons or tape.
  • the power cable may comprise buoyancy elements which are pressure resistant at water depths of up to 6000 meters, or more.
  • the pressure resistance depends on the properties of the material and/or the design of the buoyancy elements.
  • maximum conductor temperature rating refers to the temperature rating specified for the respective insulation materials used for the conductor elements. For some of the prospective insulation materials, the maximum temperature ratings are specified in IEC 60502. For insulation materials not specified in IEC 60502, for instance PP (polypropylene), testing and/or analyses is required to determine the correct temperature rating. At temperatures above the maximum temperature rating of a specific insulation material, said material will degrade and as a consequence, the cable will have reduced lifetime expectancy.
  • a subsea power cable according to the invention will be able to carry a higher current, be of longer length and/or be in an environment with a higher ambient temperature, without the conductor element(s) reaching a temperature above the maximum conductor temperature rating, than a similar power cable wherein the difference is the arrangement/design of the buoyancy element(s) as an outer sheath of the cable.
  • the maximum current which the conductor(s) of the light weight power cable is able to transfer may vary significantly depending on variables such as the cross-sectional area of the conductor(s), the conductor material, the length of the power cable, the ambient temperature and convection. However, the conductor(s) will generally be designed for electrical currents with a current density above 0.8 A/mm2.
  • the term "continuous buoyancy element” as used herein refers to a string formed, or longitudinal, element with a density that provides buoyancy when the cable is submerged in water.
  • the buoyancy element is preferably made of a polymer material such as a thermoplastic elastomer, for instance a polyolefin, or other suitable light weight materials, having a suitable density. Said density may in theory only be less than the density of water, but is preferably less than 0.95 kg/dm 3 , less than 0.90 kg/dm 3 , or even more preferred equal to, or less than, 0.85 kg/dm 3 . Materials having a density higher than water may also be used, provided that the buoyancy elements are formed such that the average density of the element is lower than water.
  • the string formed buoyancy elements are preferably continuous along substantially the whole length of the conductor element(s).
  • stranded refers to a twisted, twined or braided structure, wherein at least two longitudinal, or string formed, elements are twisted, braided or twined together to form a common structure.
  • the number and dimensions of the conducting elements, in the form of individual power conductors, within the power cable with buoyancy elements can be varied.
  • the power cable with buoyancy elements according to the present invention may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or even more conductor elements.
  • the power cable with buoyancy elements may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or even more buoyancy elements.
  • the power cable with buoyancy elements may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or even more strain elements.
  • the power cable with buoyancy elements comprises between 1-4 conductor elements, 2-10 buoyancy elements and 1-3 strain elements.
  • the power cable with buoyancy elements comprises between 1-3 conductor elements, 2-6 buoyancy elements and 1 strain element.
  • the power cable with buoyancy elements comprises 1 conductor element and 2 buoyancy elements. In another embodiment the power cable with buoyancy elements comprises 1 conductor element, 1 strain element and 5 buoyancy elements. In yet another embodiment, the subsea power cable with buoyancy elements comprises 3 conductor elements, and 4 buoyancy elements. In yet another embodiment the subsea power cable with buoyancy elements comprises 2 conductor elements, 1 strain element and 6 buoyancy elements.
  • the present invention allows light weight dynamic subsea power cables to dissipate heat to the surroundings and at the same time achieve desired buoyancy.
  • When stranded there are no local stresses and the cable is significantly easier to handle and install compared to buoyancy modules which are clamped on the cable at fixed intervals.
  • the stranding also provides the cable with significantly improved bending properties and subsequently, significantly increase the fatigue lifetime. These features are especially important for dynamic cables.
  • FIG. 1 illustrate different embodiments of the invention, where a combination of one or more conductive elements is stranded together with one or more buoyancy elements and one or more strain elements.
  • the number of the different elements and the diameter of each element can be varied considerably to obtain the desired properties.
  • continuous buoyancy elements preferably of a light weight material, such as thermoplastic elastomers, for instance polyolefins, or other suitable light weight materials, are stranded together with the electrical conductor element(s).
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an example. Here one conductor element 1 is twined together with two buoyancy elements 2.
  • the diameter of the different elements are similar but a person skilled in the art will recognise that the diameter of each element can be selected separately according to need.
  • the details of the conductor elements are not included in the illustration as these are not limiting for the present invention.
  • the conductor element may accordingly be any type of power cable including one or more conductors that in them self can be massive, a combination of massive conductors, or stranded conductive wires or any combination thereof. Further the conductor element may comprise any number of other layers/elements such as insulation, semiconducting layers, strain members, barriers etc. adapted to the special needs of the subsea equipment connected to the cable and the surrounding conditions.
  • the conductors may consist of any type of suitable conductive material, such as copper, aluminium and alloys thereof.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the cross section of a ; first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power cable consists of a conductor element 101 comprising four conductor sections, three buoyancy elements 2 of similar size as the conductor element, two smaller buoyancy elements 3 and one strain element 4.
  • the strain element 4 supplies the cable with additional strength.
  • the strain element may in this and other embodiments preferably be made of a light weight material, for instance a polyamide or a polyolefin, such as aramid or polyethylene, optionally with a mantle made in a polymer material, such as a polyester or a polyolefin.
  • the main function of the strain element is to provide additional strength during manufacture, installation and operation.
  • the strain element may advantageously be arranged along the centre or the periphery of the power cable of the invention. Use of a synthetic yarn as a strain element provides the further advantage of contributing to the buoyancy of the cable, depending on the density of the synthetic yarn material.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the cross-section of an example where the cable comprises two conductor elements 101 each with internal conductor sections. Further the cable comprises two buoyancy elements 2 of similar diameter as the conductor elements and five smaller buoyancy elements 3.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the cross section of a second embodiment comprising a central strain element 4 surrounded in an inner circle by four buoyancy elements 2 and in an outer circle by four conductor elements 1, four buoyancy elements of similar diameter and eight smaller buoyancy elements 3.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a cross section of an example comprising one central buoyancy element 2' surrounded by three buoyancy elements 2 and three conductor elements 1.
  • each of the elements illustrated by a circle can be either a conductor element, a buoyancy element or strain element as long as the cable comprises at least one conductor element and at least one buoyancy element.
  • the conductor element(s) are arranged at the periphery of the cable so that a large part of the surface of the conductor element(s) will be close to the surface of the cable.
  • the cable will be in contact with the surrounding water when the cable is submerged, thus allowing for maximum heat transfer from the conductor element(s) to the surrounding water.
  • the cable may also comprise an outer sheath, said sheath preferably perforated to allow water into contact with the conductor element(s).
  • the conductor element(s) may also be arranged at the centre, or middle, of the cable as long as the surrounding water may come into contact with said conductor element(s).
  • the different elements are produced separately according to well known techniques.
  • the conductor elements may accordingly be the same as used in existing subsea power cables.
  • the buoyancy element(s) and strain element(s) are provided in the form of string or cable like elements.
  • a fixation means such as a fibre tape a clamp or similar.
  • the configuration could for instance be one of the configurations according to figures 1-5 .
  • a similar fixation means may be applied to the end after the stranding is completed.
  • the fixation means keep the ends of the different elements in position until the cable is installed according to the intended use and a adequate termination is installed, thereafter the fixation means may be removed as the integrity of the light weight subsea power cable is provided by the stranded structure.

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EP13306757.9A 2013-02-04 2013-12-18 Light weight dynamic subsea power cable Active EP2763144B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20130176A NO335486B1 (no) 2013-02-04 2013-02-04 Lettvekts dynamisk kraftkabel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2763144A1 EP2763144A1 (en) 2014-08-06
EP2763144B1 true EP2763144B1 (en) 2020-08-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13306757.9A Active EP2763144B1 (en) 2013-02-04 2013-12-18 Light weight dynamic subsea power cable

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EP (1) EP2763144B1 (no)
NO (1) NO335486B1 (no)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US73487A (en) * 1868-01-21 Improvement in electric cables
US3155768A (en) * 1961-08-14 1964-11-03 Boston Insulated Wire & Cable Buoyant cable
US3435410A (en) * 1968-05-20 1969-03-25 Delta Exploration Co Inc Shallow water seismic prospecting cable
US3483313A (en) * 1968-04-04 1969-12-09 Plastic Wire & Cable Corp Flotation cable
US4496796A (en) * 1981-10-23 1985-01-29 Oy Nokia Ab Buoyant cable
US5459695A (en) * 1992-08-31 1995-10-17 Western Atlas International Seismic cable with reusable skin
US6239363B1 (en) * 1995-09-29 2001-05-29 Marine Innovations, L.L.C. Variable buoyancy cable

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3573348A (en) * 1969-04-25 1971-04-06 Edward M Herrmann Neutrally buoyant vertical underwater cable
US3766307A (en) * 1972-08-25 1973-10-16 D Andrews Buoyant electrical cables
IT1048460B (it) 1975-08-19 1980-11-20 Francisco A Conduttore sottomarino migliorato per la trasmissione di energia elettrica ad alta tensione in mare profondo
US4508934A (en) * 1983-09-29 1985-04-02 Gould Inc. High-current sweep cable
WO2011008568A2 (en) * 2009-07-16 2011-01-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Submersible composite cable and methods

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US73487A (en) * 1868-01-21 Improvement in electric cables
US3155768A (en) * 1961-08-14 1964-11-03 Boston Insulated Wire & Cable Buoyant cable
US3483313A (en) * 1968-04-04 1969-12-09 Plastic Wire & Cable Corp Flotation cable
US3435410A (en) * 1968-05-20 1969-03-25 Delta Exploration Co Inc Shallow water seismic prospecting cable
US4496796A (en) * 1981-10-23 1985-01-29 Oy Nokia Ab Buoyant cable
US5459695A (en) * 1992-08-31 1995-10-17 Western Atlas International Seismic cable with reusable skin
US6239363B1 (en) * 1995-09-29 2001-05-29 Marine Innovations, L.L.C. Variable buoyancy cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20130176A1 (no) 2014-08-05
NO335486B1 (no) 2014-12-22
EP2763144A1 (en) 2014-08-06

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