EP2761628A1 - Élément électrique comprenant une couche d'un matériau polyurique a gradient de conductivité électrique - Google Patents
Élément électrique comprenant une couche d'un matériau polyurique a gradient de conductivité électriqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2761628A1 EP2761628A1 EP12775773.0A EP12775773A EP2761628A1 EP 2761628 A1 EP2761628 A1 EP 2761628A1 EP 12775773 A EP12775773 A EP 12775773A EP 2761628 A1 EP2761628 A1 EP 2761628A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrical
- electrical element
- polymer
- electrical conductivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
- H01B3/004—Inhomogeneous material in general with conductive additives or conductive layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/446—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylacetals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
- H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G15/00—Cable fittings
- H02G15/02—Cable terminations
- H02G15/06—Cable terminating boxes, frames or other structures
- H02G15/064—Cable terminating boxes, frames or other structures with devices for relieving electrical stress
- H02G15/068—Cable terminating boxes, frames or other structures with devices for relieving electrical stress connected to the cable shield only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G15/00—Cable fittings
- H02G15/08—Cable junctions
- H02G15/18—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable
- H02G15/184—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable with devices for relieving electrical stress
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/045—Fullerenes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0093—Maintaining a temperature gradient
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/778—Nanostructure within specified host or matrix material, e.g. nanocomposite films
- Y10S977/783—Organic host/matrix, e.g. lipid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
- Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
Definitions
- Electrical element comprising a layer of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity
- the present invention relates to an electrical element comprising a layer of an electrically conductive gradient polymer material based on conducting carbon charges, intended to improve the breakdown resistance as well as the resistance to aging in a humid environment under electrical tension.
- medium voltage in particular 6 to 45-60 kV
- high voltage especially greater than 60 kV
- 500 to 600 kV, or up to 800 kV whether DC or AC.
- It can be used as a polymeric layer surrounding the electrical conductor of this type of cable; or as a polymeric layer of an accessory used with this type of cable, such as for example a termination or a junction.
- the layer according to the invention is intended to be positioned at the interface between a conductive material (e.g., electrical conductor, semiconductor layer, etc.) and an electrically insulating material (e.g., electrically insulating layer).
- a conductive material e.g., electrical conductor, semiconductor layer, etc.
- an electrically insulating material e.g., electrically insulating layer
- the discontinuity of electrical properties between an electrically insulating material and a conductive (or semiconductor) material may cause a local reinforcement of the electric field by accumulation of space charges or charged species capable of initiating a tree under action. an electric field.
- the presence of moisture combined with the presence of an electric field with a polymer material promote the progressive degradation of the insulating properties of medium and high voltage power cables.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art techniques by providing an electrical element, intended in particular for use in the field of medium voltage or high voltage energy cables, having a breakdown resistance electric and resistance to aging in a humid environment in the presence of an electric field, significantly improved.
- the present invention relates to an electrical element comprising an electrically conductive element, characterized in that the electrical element further comprises a first layer of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity obtained from a polymeric composition comprising at least a polymer and conductive carbon charges.
- the electrical element may further comprise a second layer of an electrically insulating material, said first layer being positioned between the electrically conductive element and the second layer.
- the Applicant has surprisingly discovered that the presence of a layer of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity, in particular when it is positioned between an electrically conductive element and an electrically insulating material, makes it possible to limit effectively, or even to avoid, the degradation related to electrical trees caused by space charges or charged species induced in particular by the presence of water in this type of electrical element.
- the layer according to the invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the reinforcements of the electric field on the surface of said electrically insulating material: the electric element thus has improved resistance to breakdown in AC or DC voltage. .
- electrically conductive element means an element that may be a semiconductor material or an electrically conductive material.
- the electrical conductivity of a semiconductor material can be at least 1.10 "9 S / m (siemens per meter), preferably at least 1.10" 3 S / m, and preferably can be less than 1.10 3 S / m.
- the electrical conductivity of an electrically conductive material may be at least 1.10 3 S / m.
- the electrical conductivity of an electrically insulating material may be at most 1.10 "9 S / m.
- the electrical conductivity of a material is conventionally determined according to ASTM D 991.
- Polymeric material with a gradient of electrical conductivity is understood to mean a composite polymer material whose electrical conductivity varies gradually in the thickness of the layer constituted by said polymer material with an electrical conductivity gradient.
- the layer of the electrical conductivity gradient material may comprise several sublayers each having constant, and increasing and / or decreasing conductivities, so as to form said electrical conductivity gradient in a so-called discrete manner.
- the layer of the electrical conductivity gradient material may be a single layer in which the electrical conductivity varies gradually (increasing and / or decreasing).
- the first layer may be defined as a layer having a thickness delimited by a first and a second surface, the first surface preferably being substantially parallel to the first surface.
- the gradient of electrical conductivity in the thickness of the first layer can range from electrical conductivity:
- Each of the faces of the first layer may have an electrical conductivity which is substantially of the same type as the electrical conductivity of the material with which each of its faces is respectively in contact.
- the electrical conductivity at the surface of the first layer closest to the electrically conductive element will preferably be greater than the electrical conductivity at the surface of the nearest first layer of the second layer.
- the electrical conductivity gradient of the first layer is such that the electrical conductivity decreases progressively from the surface of the first layer closest to the electrically conductive element to the surface of the first layer closest to the second layer: the first layer therefore has a higher electrical conductivity on the electrically conductive element side second layer.
- the electrical conductivity gradient of the first layer may be between 1.10 3 S / m and 1.10 "18 S / m (inclusive), and preferably between 1.10 " 1 and 1.10 "11 S / m (terminals included).
- Polymeric material is understood to mean a material obtained from a composition based on one or more polymers, making it possible in particular to shape it by extrusion, injection molding or molding.
- Conductive carbon charge is understood to mean any particle, or mixture of particles, mainly consisting of carbon atoms, functionalized or otherwise, grafted or not, and having electrically conductive properties.
- the conductive carbonaceous fillers are chosen from carbon blacks, carbon fibers, graphites, graphenes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes, or a mixture thereof.
- Nanotubes are preferably used.
- the term “nanotubes” means nanoparticles of substantially elongate shape, and whose smallest dimension may be between 1 and 100 nm (inclusive) (dimension determined by microscopic analysis such as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) or by MFA (Atomic Force Microscopy) Nanotubes typically have a so-called “acicular” shape.
- Carbon nanotubes have the advantage of having better compatibility with the polymer of the polymeric composition, compared with the other types of conductive carbon fillers mentioned in the present invention.
- carbon nanotubes having a high form factor especially at least 1000, they achieve the percolation with relatively low amounts of conductive carbonaceous charges compared to other carbonaceous charges.
- the form factor is typically the ratio between the smallest dimension of the conductive filler (ie, the diameter, for the carbon nanotubes) and the largest dimension of said conductive filler (ie, the length, for the carbon nanotubes).
- Carbon nanotubes can be of several types. They may be chosen from single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, and multiwall carbon nanotubes, or a mixture thereof. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, well known under the Anglicism "multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT)", will preferably be used.
- MWNT multi-walled nanotubes
- the amount of conductive carbonaceous fillers in the polymer composition of the invention is in particular sufficient to constitute a percolating network.
- percolating network is meant an organization of conductive fillers creating one or more continuous electrical paths within the polymeric material of the first layer.
- the polymeric composition of the first layer may comprise at most 30% by weight of conductive carbonaceous fillers, preferably at most 10% by weight of conductive carbonaceous fillers, and particularly preferably at most 5% by weight of conductive carbonaceous fillers. Preferably, it comprises at least 0.1% by weight of conductive carbonaceous fillers.
- the first layer is obtained from a polymer composition comprising at least one polymer in which said conductive carbon fillers are incorporated, to form a composite polymer material.
- the polymeric composition of the first layer is based on one or more polymers, so that it can be shaped easily, in particular by extrusion, injection or molding.
- the polymeric composition may be a thermoplastic or elastomeric composition, crosslinkable or not.
- the polymeric composition of the first layer may be a thermoplastic composition, that is to say that it mainly comprises one or more thermoplastic polymers with respect to the polymers constituting the polymeric composition.
- the polymeric composition of the first layer may be an elastomeric composition, that is to say that it mainly comprises one or more elastomeric polymers with respect to the polymers constituting the polymeric composition.
- the polymeric composition when the polymeric composition is crosslinkable, it may further comprise one or more crosslinking agents.
- the polymer of the polymeric composition of the invention may be chosen from an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof
- the polymer of the polymer composition relating to the first layer is an organic polymer
- said organic polymer may comprise at least one polyolefin and / or at least one polyepoxide.
- polyolefin as such generally means homopolymer or copolymer of olefin.
- the olefin polymer is a homopolymer of ethylene, or a copolymer of ethylene (ie copolymer comprising at least ethylene).
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
- VLDPE very low density polyethylene
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- MDPE medium density polyethylene
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- EVA copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate
- EBA methyl acrylate
- EMA methyl acrylate
- 2HEA 2-hexylethyl acrylate
- EPR ethylene and propylene
- EVA EVA with a low level of vinyl acetate groups (less than 20% by weight) in order to limit the presence of polar functions, or more advantageously a polyethylene of the VLDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE or HDPE type.
- the polymeric composition of the first layer may comprise more than 50.0 parts by weight of polyolefin per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) (ie polymer matrix) in the composition, preferably at least 70 parts by weight of polyolefin per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said composition, and particularly preferably minus 90 parts by weight of polyolefin per 100 parts by weight of polymer (s) in said composition.
- the constituent polymer (s) of the polymeric composition of the first layer are only one or more polyolefins.
- a single type of polymer in the composition such as EVA with a low level of vinyl acetate moieties, or VLDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE or HDPE.
- polyepoxide (or “epoxide polymer”) as such generally means a multi-component polymer obtained by polymerization of epoxide monomers with a crosslinking agent, said crosslinking agent being of the acid anhydride type, phenol, or amine.
- DGEBA DiGlycidylether of Bisphenol A
- the polymer of the polymeric composition relating to the first layer is an inorganic polymer
- said inorganic polymer may comprise at least one polysiloxane.
- the inorganic polymers are therefore very different from the organic polymers.
- the polysiloxanes, or silicones are inorganic compounds formed of a silicon-oxygen chain (... -Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-%) on which groups can be attached to the silicon atoms.
- the electrically conductive element of the invention may be, according to a first variant, an electrical conductor, preferably metallic, and in particular of elongate shape.
- the first layer is positioned between the second layer and the electrical conductor.
- the electrical conductivity gradient of the first layer is such that the electrical conductivity decreases progressively from the surface of the first layer closest to the electrical conductor to the other surface of the first layer (ie the surface closest to the second layer ): the first layer therefore has a greater electrical conductivity on the electrical conductor side than the second layer side.
- the electrically conductive element of the invention may be, according to a second variant, a third layer of a semiconductor material.
- the first layer is thus positioned between the second layer and the third layer.
- the electrical conductivity gradient of the first layer is such that the electrical conductivity decreases progressively from the surface of the first layer closest to the third layer to the other surface of the first layer (ie the surface closest to the second layer): the first layer therefore has a greater electrical conductivity in the third layer than the second layer side.
- the semiconductor material may be a material obtained from a composition comprising at least one filler (Electrically) conductive (or semiconductor charge), in an amount sufficient to render said semiconductor composition.
- composition used to obtain a semiconductor material may comprise from 0.002 to 40% by weight of (electrically) conductive fillers, preferably at least 15% by weight of conductive fillers, and even more preferably at least 25% by weight of fillers. conductive.
- the conductive filler may advantageously be chosen from all types of conductive fillers well known to those skilled in the art.
- the assembly formed by the first, second and third layers is a tri-layer insulation.
- the first layer is in direct physical contact with the second layer
- the second layer is in direct physical contact with the third layer.
- the electrical element according to the invention may further comprise a fourth layer of a material identical to that of the first layer (ie polymer material with gradient of electrical conductivity), and a fifth layer of a semiconductor material, said fourth layer being positioned between the second layer and the fifth layer.
- the electrical conductivity gradient of the fourth layer when positioned between the second layer and the fifth layer, is such that the electrical conductivity decreases progressively from the surface of the fourth layer closest to the fifth layer to the other surface of the fourth layer (ie the surface closest to the second layer): the fourth The layer therefore has a higher electrical conductivity in the fifth layer than in the second layer.
- the second layer, the third layer, and / or the fifth layer are layers of polymeric material.
- first, second, third, fourth and / or fifth layers are extruded layers, in particular coextruded layers.
- first, second, third, fourth and / or fifth layers may be thermoplastic layers, or thermosetting layers, crosslinked by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the electrical element may advantageously be an electric cable, in particular a medium or high voltage electrical cable, in which the electrically conductive element is the electrical conductor, this electrical conductor being surrounded by by the first layer.
- This electrical conductor may be an elongated metallic electrical conductor.
- the electric cable comprises the second layer
- the latter surrounds the electrical conductor.
- the first layer is thus positioned between the second layer and the electrical conductor.
- the electrical element may advantageously be an electrical cable, in particular a medium or high voltage electrical cable, in which the electrically conductive element is the third layer of semi-electrical material. driver.
- the electric cable of this second embodiment comprises then the electrical conductor, this electrical conductor being surrounded by the first layer and the third layer.
- This electrical conductor may be an elongated metallic electrical conductor.
- the first layer is positioned between the second layer and the third layer.
- the second layer surrounds the third layer.
- the electric cable may further comprise the fourth and fifth layers.
- the fourth layer can then be positioned between the fifth layer and the second layer.
- the fifth layer surrounds the second layer.
- the electric cable when the electric cable comprises the second layer, the electric cable comprises said electrical conductor, and successively around this electrical conductor, are arranged the third layer, the first layer, the second layer, the fourth layer and the fifth layer.
- the assembly formed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth layers constitutes a penta- layer insulation.
- the third layer is in direct physical contact with the electrical conductor
- the first layer is in direct physical contact with the third layer
- the second layer is in direct physical contact with the first layer
- the fourth layer is directly in contact with the first layer. in physical contact with the second layer
- the fifth layer is in direct physical contact with the fourth layer.
- the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the fifth layer.
- This metal screen may be a so-called “wired” screen, consisting of a set of copper or aluminum conductors arranged around and along the fifth layer, a so-called “ribbon” screen composed of one or more conductive metallic ribbons placed (s) helically around the fifth layer, or a so-called “tight” screen type metal tube surrounding the fifth layer.
- This last type of screen makes it possible in particular to provide a moisture barrier that tends to penetrate the electrical cable radially.
- All types of metal screens can play the role of grounding the electric cable and can thus carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short circuit in the network concerned.
- the electric cable of the invention may also comprise an outer protective sheath surrounding the fifth layer, or more particularly surrounding said metal screen when it exists.
- This outer protective sheath can be made conventionally from suitable thermoplastic materials such as HDPE, MDPE or LLDPE; or materials retarding the propagation of the flame or resisting the spread of fire. In particular, if the latter materials do not contain halogen, it is called cladding type HFFR (for the Angl convinced "Halogen Free Flame Retardant").
- the electrical element may be a junction for an electrical cable, in particular for medium or high voltage electrical cable, in which the electrically conductive element is a semiconductor material. This semiconductor material is defined in the present invention, and may refer to the third layer.
- the junction for electric cable makes it possible to connect two electric cables, in particular two medium or high voltage electrical cables.
- a junction is conventionally an elongated electrical element inside which are positioned two electrical cables whose electrical conductors are brought into contact. More particularly, one end of each of two cables is positioned within the junction, so that the junction surrounds said ends of the electrical cables.
- a junction for an electric cable may typically comprise:
- a third layer of a semiconductor material intended to be in contact with the electrical conductors of the two electric cables
- a second layer of an electrically insulating polymeric material intended to be in contact with the electrically insulating layers of the two electric cables
- a fifth layer of a semiconductor material intended to be in contact with the external semiconductor layers of the two electric cables.
- the junction according to the invention may comprise said first layer positioned between the third layer and the second layer.
- Said junction may also comprise a fourth layer of a material identical to that of the first layer, this fourth layer being positioned between the second layer and the fifth layer.
- the various constituent layers of the junction may surround said ends of the electric cables.
- a particular embodiment of this second variant may be a trifurcation, or in other words a "T" shaped junction for connecting three electric cables.
- the electrical element may be a termination for an electrical cable, in particular for medium or high voltage electrical cable, in which the electrically conductive element is a semiconductor material.
- This semiconductor material is defined in the present invention, and may refer to the third layer.
- a termination is conventionally an elongated electrical element, cone-shaped, inside which is positioned an electric cable.
- one of the ends of the electrical cable is positioned inside the termination, so that the termination surrounds said end of the electrical cable.
- an electrical cable termination may typically include:
- a second layer of an electrically insulating polymeric material intended to be in contact with the electrically insulating layer of the electric cable.
- the termination according to the invention may comprise said first layer positioned between the third layer and the second layer.
- the various constituent layers of the termination may surround said end of the electric cable.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a layer of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity for an electric element as described in the present invention, characterized in that it comprises the step of heat-treating a layer of a polymeric material obtained from a polymeric composition as defined in the invention (ie a polymeric layer comprising at least one polymer and conductive carbonaceous fillers), said layer comprising a thickness delimited by a first and a second surface, these two surfaces being preferably substantially parallel, said processing step being carried out by applying a first temperature T1 to the first surface and a second temperature T2 to the second surface, so as to form a temperature gradient in the thickness of said layer and obtain a gradient layer of electrical conductivity (see first layer, and optionally fourth layer).
- a polymeric material obtained from a polymeric composition as defined in the invention (ie a polymeric layer comprising at least one polymer and conductive carbonaceous fillers), said layer comprising a thickness delimited by a first and a second surface,
- At least one of the temperatures T1 or T2 is a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point T f (eg semi-crystalline polymers) or glass transition T g (eg amorphous polymers) of said polymer.
- the difference between the temperatures T1 and T2 may be at least 10 ° C, preferably at least 50 ° C, and particularly preferably at least 100 ° C.
- This heat treatment (ie heating step) of the polymer composition (s) according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to form a gradient of electrical conductivity in the thickness of the layer (s) obtained from said polymeric composition.
- the kinetics of this self-arrangement of the conductive carbonaceous charges is particularly dependent on the temperature.
- the high temperatures compared with the melting temperature T f of the semi-crystalline or glass transition polymers T g of the amorphous polymers result in high load network reinforcement kinetics and lead to high values of conductivities of polymeric materials.
- T f or T g the melting temperature
- the auto-setting rate remains low and the electrical properties of the polymeric material are only slightly affected.
- the completion of the network of conductive carbonaceous charges, associated with the conductivity levels presented by the material is directly correlated with the temperature of the heat treatment called "curing treatment".
- the characteristic temperatures of the physicochemical transitions of a polymer or of a polymer composition, of the crosslinked or non-crosslinked type can be classically determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with a temperature ramp of 10 ° C./min under atmosphere nitrogen.
- the electric conductor of the electric cable is used as a heat source for a time necessary to form the electrical conductivity gradient in the thickness of the layer or layers comprising conductive carbonaceous fillers.
- the heat treatment can be performed once these two or three layers shaped around the electrical conductor of the electric cable.
- a current is applied through the electrical conductor of the electric cable to heat at a temperature T1, by Joule effect or by induction, the layer comprising the conductive carbon charges (see first layer), while the outside of the electric cable is maintained at a temperature T2 lower than the temperature T1.
- the temperature T1 is a temperature greater than T f (especially when the polymer is a semi-crystalline polymer), or T g (especially when the polymer is an amorphous polymer).
- the temperature T2 is in turn a temperature lower than T f (especially when the polymer is a semi-crystalline polymer), or T g (especially when the polymer is an amorphous polymer).
- the heat treatment can be performed once these five layers shaped around the electrical conductor of the electric cable.
- a current is passed through the electrical conductor of the electric cable to heat at a temperature T1, by Joule effect or by induction, the layer comprising the most carbonaceous conductive fillers. close to the electrical conductor (see first layer), the second layer remaining at a temperature T2 below the temperature T1.
- the outside of the electric cable is heated to a temperature T1, in particular by convection, conduction or irradiation, the layer comprising the carbon-conducting charges closest to the outside of the electric cable (see fourth layer), the second layer remaining at a temperature T2 lower than the temperature T1.
- the temperatures T1 and T2 being defined as those mentioned above (see for the electric cable comprising only the first and second layers, and optionally the third layer).
- the heat treatment step is preferably performed after any implementation step of the one or more layers that make up the electrical element.
- the heat treatment step is preferably carried out prior to the crosslinking of said layer.
- the implementation of the layer or layers that make up the electrical element can be carried out by extrusion, injection or molding.
- coextrusion of said layers will be preferred.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric cable according to a preferred embodiment according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic view in longitudinal section of a junction for an electric cable, according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic view in longitudinal section of a termination for an electric cable, according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the temperature for treating a polymeric composition according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the evolution of the electrical conductivity within the polymer composition treated according to FIG. 4.
- the medium or high voltage power cable 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises an elongated central electrical conductor 10, in particular made of copper or aluminum, and, successively and coaxially around this central electrical conductor 10 is:
- a layer 3 of a semiconductor polymeric material i.e. "third layer”
- said internal semiconductor layer i.e. "third layer”
- first layer a layer 1 of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity
- a layer 2 of an electrically insulating polymeric material ie "second layer”
- a layer 4 of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity ie "fourth layer”
- a layer 5 of a semiconductor polymeric material ie "fifth layer”
- the layers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are extruded layers, and crosslinked or not.
- the gradient of electrical conductivity in the thickness of the layer 1 is such that the surface of the layer 1 in contact with the layer 3 has an electrical conductivity greater than that of the surface of the layer 1 in contact with the layer 2.
- a metal screen (not shown) of the cylindrical tube type, as well as an outer protective sheath (not shown), can also be positioned around the fifth layer.
- junction 101 for medium or high voltage electrical cable illustrated in Figure 2 is an elongated member of the tubular type for receiving at its center two electrical cables 100A and 100B to connect.
- the connection can be made by means of an electrically conductive part 11 directly in contact with the electrical conductors 10A and 10B of each of the two electrical cables 100A and 100B.
- the junction according to the invention comprises:
- a layer 31 of a semiconductor material i.e. "third layer”
- the electrical conductors 10A and 10B of the two electrical cables 100A and 100B through the electrically conductive part 11,
- first layer a layer 1 of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity (i.e. "first layer"), covering the layer 3,
- a layer 21 of an electrically insulating polymeric material (i.e. "second layer"), covering the layer 1 and being in contact with the electrically insulating layers 2A and 2B of the two electric cables,
- a layer 4 of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity (i.e. "fourth layer"), covering the layer 21, and
- a layer 51 of a semiconductor material i.e. "fifth layer” covering the fourth layer 4 and being in contact with the outer semiconductor layers 5A and 5B of the two electric cables.
- the first layer 1 is positioned between the third layer 31 and the second layer 21; and the fourth layer 4 is positioned between the second layer 21 and the fifth layer 51.
- Terminator 102 for medium or high voltage electrical cable shown in FIG. 3 is an elongated cone-shaped element, within which the end of an electrical cable 100A is positioned.
- said electric cable 100A is a medium or high voltage power cable comprising an elongated central electrical conductor 10A surrounded by a tri-layer insulation of the so-called internal semiconductor layer type (layer not shown) surrounded by an electrically layer 2A insulator, the latter being surrounded by a so-called external semiconductor layer 5A
- the termination according to the invention comprises:
- a layer 32 of a semiconductor material i.e. "third layer" intended to be in contact with the outer semi-conducting layer 5A of the electric cable
- second layer intended to be in contact with the electrically insulating layer 2A of the electric cable
- first layer a layer 1 of a polymer material with a gradient of electrical conductivity (i.e. "first layer") positioned between the third layer 32 and the second layer 22.
- a polymeric material having an electrical conductivity gradient according to the invention was made by applying a temperature gradient on a composite polymer sample by "melt" blending of a polymeric composition comprising:
- EVA 97.5% by weight of EVA (with 12% by weight of vinyl acetate groups), marketed by ExxonMobil, under the reference Escorene UL0112, the melting temperature of the EVA being 96 ° C, and
- the polymeric composition is shaped by hot pressing to obtain plates 1 mm thick, according to the following process
- 16 mm diameter pellets were then cut from the plates thus formed, and alternatively arranged with aluminum pellets of the same diameter and 12 ⁇ m thickness in a thermally insulating mold.
- the presence of the aluminum pellets only makes it easier to measure the electrical conductivity as a function of the distance to the heat source.
- the alternating stack of pellets of polymeric composition (ie composite polymer) and aluminum pellets form a test specimen, both ends of which consist of pellets of polymeric composition. The height of the specimen is 30 mm.
- the specimen is then placed in a temperature gradient oven consisting of an upper tray and a lower tray.
- the temperature gradient was established by applying a set point of 300 ° C (upper plate) on the upper face of the test specimen, keeping the temperature of the underside of said specimen at room temperature (ie 25 ° C. lower plate).
- the corresponding temperature profile was measured at five points during the heat treatment period (see Figure 4).
- test was carried out for 90 minutes under a light stream of nitrogen gas. At the end of the treatment, the test piece was cooled for 15 minutes between the two trays regulated at 15 ° C.
- test piece was demolded and electrically tested element by element.
- the DC electrical conductivity of the polymeric composition was measured by the four point method using a Keithley 2602 SMU.
- FIG. 5 represents the evolution of the electrical conductivity of the polymeric composition as a function of the position relative to the heat source during the application of the temperature gradient according to FIG. 4.
- An electrical conductivity gradient is clearly highlighted. in the thickness of the polymeric composition according to the invention. Indeed, increasing the distance to the heat source - which is equivalent to a decrease in the heat treatment temperature - results in a decrease in microstructural rearrangement kinetics (ripening). This implies a variation of completion of the network of conductive carbon nanotubes which is translated on a macroscopic scale, by a reduced electrical conductivity.
- the amplitude of the electrical conductivity gradient formed in the thickness of the material, as well as the maximum and minimum electrical conductivity values of said gradient can be modulated by controlling the profile of the applied temperatures, as well as the duration of the heat treatment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1158683A FR2980622B1 (fr) | 2011-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | Element electrique comprenant une couche d'un materiau polymerique a gradient de conductivite electrique |
PCT/FR2012/052185 WO2013045845A1 (fr) | 2011-09-28 | 2012-09-27 | Élément électrique comprenant une couche d'un matériau polyurique a gradient de conductivité électrique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2761628A1 true EP2761628A1 (fr) | 2014-08-06 |
Family
ID=47071358
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12775773.0A Withdrawn EP2761628A1 (fr) | 2011-09-28 | 2012-09-27 | Élément électrique comprenant une couche d'un matériau polyurique a gradient de conductivité électrique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9697925B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2761628A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2012314162B2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2980622B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013045845A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3007897A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-01-02 | Nexans | Dispositif d'extremite pour cable electrique |
DE102014105817A1 (de) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-29 | Strescon Gmbh | Kabelendgarnitur |
FR3029005B1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2018-01-19 | Nexans | Element de protection retractable a chaud |
CN104538095A (zh) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-04-22 | 青岛华高能源科技有限公司 | 一种石墨烯复合橡胶质的屏蔽型软电缆 |
CN104616814A (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | 常州中超石墨烯电力科技有限公司 | 金属丝编织石墨烯复合屏蔽低负载直流高电压柔性电缆 |
EP3057184B1 (fr) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-01-25 | MD Elektronik GmbH | Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un câble ainsi qu'un câble fabriqué selon ledit procédé |
US10049784B2 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2018-08-14 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Nanocomposite films with conducting and insulating surfaces |
DK3365952T3 (da) * | 2015-10-23 | 2020-06-15 | Prysmian Spa | Samling til elektriske kabler med termoplastisk isolering og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf |
FR3057571B1 (fr) * | 2016-10-19 | 2020-06-26 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Materiau de repartition de champ electrique, son procede de fabrication et dispositif comprenant un tel materiau |
EP3364423B1 (fr) * | 2017-02-16 | 2020-04-01 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Couche electrique avec un gradient de particule, en particulier pour des appareils medicaux |
DE102018116416A1 (de) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | Nkt Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verbindungsmuffe |
WO2020096243A1 (fr) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-05-14 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | Système de joint de câble d'alimentation |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5576508A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-09 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Method of fabricating crosslinked polyethylene cable |
EP1052654B1 (fr) * | 1999-05-13 | 2004-01-28 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Ecran semiconducteur pour câble |
US6346491B1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2002-02-12 | Milliken & Company | Felt having conductivity gradient |
ATE517422T1 (de) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-08-15 | Prysmian Spa | Elektrischer artikel mit mindestens einem aus einem halbleitenden polymermaterial hergestellten element und halbleitende polymerzusammensetzung |
KR101257152B1 (ko) * | 2010-03-16 | 2013-04-23 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | 반도전성 조성물 및 이를 이용한 전력 케이블 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-28 FR FR1158683A patent/FR2980622B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-09-27 US US14/345,314 patent/US9697925B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-27 EP EP12775773.0A patent/EP2761628A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-09-27 WO PCT/FR2012/052185 patent/WO2013045845A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-09-27 AU AU2012314162A patent/AU2012314162B2/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2013045845A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140246220A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
FR2980622B1 (fr) | 2013-09-27 |
AU2012314162A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
AU2012314162B2 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
WO2013045845A1 (fr) | 2013-04-04 |
US9697925B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
FR2980622A1 (fr) | 2013-03-29 |
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