EP2761245A1 - Active protection system - Google Patents

Active protection system

Info

Publication number
EP2761245A1
EP2761245A1 EP12755798.1A EP12755798A EP2761245A1 EP 2761245 A1 EP2761245 A1 EP 2761245A1 EP 12755798 A EP12755798 A EP 12755798A EP 2761245 A1 EP2761245 A1 EP 2761245A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protection system
missile
decoy
retro
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12755798.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2761245B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Krebs
Martin Fegg
Christoph Bormann
Christoph Heine
Jenz TIMMERMANN
Thomas Zwick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority to PL12755798T priority Critical patent/PL2761245T3/en
Publication of EP2761245A1 publication Critical patent/EP2761245A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2761245B1 publication Critical patent/EP2761245B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protection system which is formed from at least one active decoy target based on, in particular, van Atta arrays, for the protection of objects, such as ships, vehicles, stationary objects, etc., against approaching radar-guided (active) missiles .
  • This is an off-board protection system that works less as a jammer but rather as a sham target in the near range of 10m to a distance of 10km.
  • a radar lobe of the approaching missile is used directly for generating and reflected back to this, without changing the properties.
  • a directional antenna adaptation or adaptation of the characteristics is not necessary.
  • passive decoy To ward off active missiles passive decoy (chaff) are known. These are deployed and reflect a signal emitted by the missile back in the direction of the approaching missile.
  • a passive radar missile is described in US 3,938,151 A1. From US 2,908,002 A1 a passive electromagnetic reflector is known.
  • Alternative active decoy targets are generally activated only when they are moved, so that a certain amount of time has to be scheduled until the decoy target has fully unfolded.
  • the invention has the object to show an active decoy for the protection of objects, in particular of ships, against approaching radar-guided missiles.
  • the invention is based on the idea of creating an active decoy by the use of a retro-reflector or a retro-directional antenna, preferably in the form of a van-Atta array or by at least one backscatter system, with means that actively actively monitor a radar signal in the direction of incidence and thus send back to the missile.
  • a retro-reflector as an active decoy has the advantage that it generates a large radar backscatter frequency cross section (RCS) as an active retro-reflector, which allows the generation of a large RCS for any polarization of the missile.
  • RCS radar backscatter frequency cross section
  • a single van-Atta array - a single retro-directive antenna - is unable to determine the direction of an incident signal. Therefore, in the simplest variant, in addition to this array, a sensor for determining the direction of the approaching missile can be integrated into the device. This information is then exploited to align the array in that direction.
  • a plurality of arrays are interconnected, whereby they not only cover a wide spatial area, but are also able to - for example, with the help of actuators etc. - to be able to independently align with the approaching missile.
  • the direction of incidence of the approaching missile is determined by the arrays and this information is given to a storage control acting on actuators, etc. of the decoy, so the arrays, to align the decoy optimally to the missile.
  • a dual-polarized realization allows the use of the reflector in any polarization of the missile (alignment of transverse waves in a preferred direction) by using appropriate antennas and their interconnection.
  • the signals in the van-Atta array are tapped at amplifiers and fed into an electromagnetic lens, for example a Rotman lens.
  • the receive antenna array functions both as part of the van-Atta array and for the Rotman lens.
  • the signal power is detected or tapped, so that the direction of incidence of the signals and thus the direction of the approaching missile can be determined by comparing the power. This information is then used to make a position control for tracking the array.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first simplified variant of the active dummy target from FIG. 1, FIG.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further variant of the decoy target of Fig. 1 in the form of a simple
  • FIG. 1 shows a protection system in a sketch-like illustration for the general understanding that an active dummy target 1 for countering the threat of an object 4 against a radar-guided missile 5.
  • the active decoy 1 includes at least one retro-directional antenna or retro-reflector 2, which can be formed at least from a receiving and transmitting antenna as a reflector or reflection antenna but also several to the radar beam R F emitted by the missile 5 exactly in the direction of incidence and to send back to the missile 5 as a reflection beam R s .
  • the active protection system 1 is carried as an off-board variant when not in use on or on the object 4, here a ship.
  • a sensor 6 is additionally involved in the protection system 20, which sensor serves to detect the direction of the missile 5 and cooperates with an actuating unit (not shown in greater detail), by which at least the decoy 1 is moved into the corresponding position or position .
  • Direction can be brought.
  • Two different functional modes of the decoy 1 are possible. The one mode is the distraction - if the missile 5 has not yet switched to the object 4, the other mode is the seduction, separating the dummy target from the real target, a variant, if the missile 5 already the actual target (object 4) has recorded.
  • the initiation of the distraction of the missile 5 is recognized as a passive missile, which in turn monitors an area of expectation.
  • Direction, distance and speed of the missile 5 are determined.
  • the decoy 1 is already deployed to create a more attractive target 4 'at a distance from the actual target 4 with the decoy 1.
  • search process the detected missile 5 prefers. If then the missile 5 emits its radar lobe, this is already in the direction of the decoy 1, preferably even before this has the actual object 4 perceived.
  • a radiated target signal is detected by further detectors, for example an active radar and radar warning devices, which are preferably mounted on the object 4.
  • This radiated target signal of the missile 5 is received by the decoy 1 and amplified blasted back to the missile 5.
  • the decoy 1 itself moves during object-like speed away from the object 4.
  • the decoy 1 can fly away from the object 4, preferably at maximum object height. This is true for ships as well as other moving objects 4, e.g. As vehicles, too. In ships to be protected, the decoy 1 can be moved floating or passively, etc. moved. An independent driving away or pulling away is also possible with vehicles on land.
  • the dummy target 1 itself mirrors the Fig. 3.
  • the dummy target 10 consists of an antenna 11, which consists of several receiving antennas 11.1-11.3 (11.n), and an antenna 12, which consists of several, preferably equal to Antennas 12.1-12.3, 12.n exists. According to the number of antennas 11, 12, amplifier stages V, - V 3, V n are integrated between the two.
  • the incident direction of the approaching missile 5 can be determined in addition to the recording of the radar beam R F.
  • the signals running in the antenna group 11 are tapped at amplifiers V, -V 3 and fed to an electromagnetic lens 13, such as a Rotman lens. Their output information is compared in a comparator 14. For this purpose, their outputs are routed to the comparator or an evaluation unit 14. Based on the tapped signals, the incident direction of the signals and thus the direction of the approaching missile 5 is now determined in the evaluation unit 14. In this case, the signal differences of the antennas 11.1-11.3 are evaluated.
  • a command is then given to a bearing control 15, which in turn on the servo motors 16, etc., ie, the actuator of the dummy target 10 and the protection system 20, act to align at least the dummy target 10 optimally to the missile 5.
  • a direction sensor 6 can also be integrated into the evaluation here as well.
  • the antennas 11 and 12 are preferably designed in the form of a van Atta array.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention proposes the creation of a decoy target (1, 10) by means of the use of a retro-reflector or a retro-directive antenna (2, 11, 12), preferably in the form of a van-Atta array, or by means of a backscatter system, having means which are able to send a radar signal (RF) actively and accurately back in the direction of incidence and thus to the missile (5). The use of a retro-reflector (2, 11, 12) as an active decoy target has the advantage that, as an active retro-reflector (2, 11, 12), this generates a large radar backscatter frequency cross section (RCS), which permits the production of a large RCS for any desired polarization of the missile (5).

Description

BESCHREIBUNG  DESCRIPTION
Aktives Schutzsystem Active protection system
Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit einem Schutzsystem, das aus zumindest einem aktiven Scheinziel auf Grundlage von insbesondere van-Atta Arrays, zum Schutz von Objekten, wie von Schiffen, Fahrzeugen, stationären Objekten etc., vor anfliegenden Radar gelenkten (aktiven) Flugkörpern, gebildet wird. Dieses ist ein Off-Board-Schutzsystem, das weniger als Störer sondern vielmehr als Scheinziel sich im Nahbereich von 10m bis zu einer Entfernung von 10km bewährt. Dabei wird eine Radarkeule des anfliegenden Flugkörpers direkt zur Generierung genutzt und an diesen zurückgestrahlt, ohne Änderung der Eigenschaften. Eine Richtantennenanpassung oder Anpassung der Charakteristika ist nicht notwendig. The invention relates to a protection system which is formed from at least one active decoy target based on, in particular, van Atta arrays, for the protection of objects, such as ships, vehicles, stationary objects, etc., against approaching radar-guided (active) missiles , This is an off-board protection system that works less as a jammer but rather as a sham target in the near range of 10m to a distance of 10km. In this case, a radar lobe of the approaching missile is used directly for generating and reflected back to this, without changing the properties. A directional antenna adaptation or adaptation of the characteristics is not necessary.
Zur Abwehr von aktiven Flugkörpern sind passive Täuschkörper (Düppel) bekannt. Diese werden ausgebracht und reflektieren ein vom Flugkörper ausgestrahltes Signal in die Richtung des anfliegenden Flugkörpers zurück. Ein passiver Radartäuschkörper wird mit der US 3,938,151 A1 beschrieben. Aus der US 2,908,002 A1 ist ein passiver elektromagnetischer Reflektor bekannt. To ward off active missiles passive decoy (chaff) are known. These are deployed and reflect a signal emitted by the missile back in the direction of the approaching missile. A passive radar missile is described in US 3,938,151 A1. From US 2,908,002 A1 a passive electromagnetic reflector is known.
Eine aktive Gegenmaßnahme unter Verwendung von passiven Täuschkörpern vor passiven Flugkörpern schlägt die DE 10 2006 017 107 A1 vor. Dabei werden die Täuschkörper vom bevorzugt eigenen Radar angestrahlt und diese in die Richtung des Flugkörpers hin reflektiert. Diese Strahlung hat genau dieselbe Charakteristik, wie die direkte Strahlung des Radars. Zwar kann der Flugkörper in diesem Fall nicht unterscheiden, ob es sich um Täuschkörper oder das richtige Radar handelt, doch sind Bestrebungen anhängig, dass die moderneren Flugkörper Täuschkörper von echten Zielen unterscheiden können. An active countermeasure using passive decoys in front of passive missiles is proposed by DE 10 2006 017 107 A1. The decoys are illuminated by the preferred own radar and this reflected in the direction of the missile out. This radiation has exactly the same characteristics as the direct radiation of the radar. Although the missile in this case can not distinguish whether it is decoys or the right radar, efforts are still pending that the more modern missiles can distinguish decoys from real targets.
Alternative aktive Scheinziele, wie beispielsweise in der DE 600 10 701 T2 angesprochen, werden in der Regel erst mit deren Verbringung aktiviert, sodass eine gewisse Zeit einzuplanen ist, bis sich das Scheinziel voll entfaltet hat. Hier stellt sich die Erfindung die Aufgabe, ein aktives Scheinziel zum Schutz von Objekten, insbesondere von Schiffen, vor anfliegenden radargelenkten Flugkörpern aufzuzeigen. Alternative active decoy targets, as mentioned for example in DE 600 10 701 T2, are generally activated only when they are moved, so that a certain amount of time has to be scheduled until the decoy target has fully unfolded. Here, the invention has the object to show an active decoy for the protection of objects, in particular of ships, against approaching radar-guided missiles.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen werden in den Unteransprüchen benannt. The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are named in the subclaims.
Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, ein aktives Scheinziel durch den Einsatz eines Retro- Reflektors bzw. einer retrodirektive Antenne, bevorzugt in Form eines van-Atta Arrays oder durch wenigstens ein Backscatter-System zu schaffen, mit Mitteln also, die ein Radarsignal aktiv genau in die Einfallsrichtung und damit an den Flugkörper zurück senden können. The invention is based on the idea of creating an active decoy by the use of a retro-reflector or a retro-directional antenna, preferably in the form of a van-Atta array or by at least one backscatter system, with means that actively actively monitor a radar signal in the direction of incidence and thus send back to the missile.
Der Internetseite http://www.ipier.org/PIERlJpierl13/18.10020507.pdf ist der Aufbau eines Breitbandfrequenzversatzes eines van-Atta Arrays entnehmbar. Ein flaches van-Atta Array wird auf http://ir.lib.nctu.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/22239/1/010337018.pdf offenbart. Die GB 1 284 747 gibt eine Antennenvorrichtung mittels van-Atta Arrays an. Aus der DE 10 2005 037 583 A1 ist die Nutzung einer retrodirektiven Antenne in Form eines van-Atta Arrays für das Bereitstellen von RFID- Systeme bekannt. The website http://www.ipier.org/PIERlJpierl13/18.10020507.pdf shows the structure of a broadband frequency offset of a van-Atta array. A flat van-Atta array is disclosed on http://ir.lib.nctu.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/22239/1/010337018.pdf. GB 1 284 747 indicates an antenna device by means of van Atta arrays. DE 10 2005 037 583 A1 discloses the use of a retrodirective antenna in the form of a van Atta array for the provision of RFID systems.
Die Nutzung eines Retro-Reflektors als aktives Scheinziel hat den Vorteil, da dieses als aktiver Retro-Reflektor einen großen Radarrückstreufrequenzquerschnitt (RCS) erzeugt, was die Erzeugung eines großen RCS für beliebige Polarisationen des Flugkörpers ermöglicht. The use of a retro-reflector as an active decoy has the advantage that it generates a large radar backscatter frequency cross section (RCS) as an active retro-reflector, which allows the generation of a large RCS for any polarization of the missile.
Dabei ist aber zu berücksichtigen, dass ein einzelnes van-Atta Array - eine einzige retrodirektive Antenne - nicht in der Lage ist, die Richtung eines einfallenden Signals zu bestimmen. Daher kann in der einfachsten Variante zusätzlich zu diesem Array ein Sensor zur Ermittlung der Richtung des anfliegenden Flugkörpers in die Vorrichtung eingebunden werden. Diese Information wird dann dazu ausgenutzt, das Array in diese Richtung auszurichten. However, it should be noted that a single van-Atta array - a single retro-directive antenna - is unable to determine the direction of an incident signal. Therefore, in the simplest variant, in addition to this array, a sensor for determining the direction of the approaching missile can be integrated into the device. This information is then exploited to align the array in that direction.
In Weiterführung ist jedoch bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass mehrere Arrays zusammengeschaltet werden, wodurch diese nicht nur einen breiten räumlichen Bereich abdecken, sondern auch in die Lage versetzt werden, sich - beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Stellmotoren etc. - auf den anfliegenden Flugkörper selbstständig ausrichten zu können. Dazu wird durch die Arrays die Einfallsrichtung des anfliegenden Flugkörpers ermittelt und diese Information an eine Lagerregelung gegeben, die auf Stellmotore etc. des Scheinzieles, also der Arrays, einwirken, um das Scheinziel optimal auf den Flugkörper auszurichten. Eine dual-polarisierte Realisierung ermöglicht durch Verwendung entsprechender Antennen und deren Verschaltung den Einsatz des Reflektors bei beliebiger Polarisation des Flugkörpers (Ausrichtung von Transversalwellen in einer Vorzugsrichtung). Für die Richtungsschätzung werden die im van-Atta Array laufenden Signale an Verstärkern abgegriffen und in eine elektromagnetische Linse, beispielsweise eine Rotman-Linse, gespeist. Damit fungiert das Empfangsantennenarray sowohl als Teil des van-Atta Arrays als auch für die Rotman-Linse. An den Ausgangsports der Rotman-Linse wird die Signalleistung detektiert bzw. abgegriffen, sodass durch Vergleich der Leistung die Einfallsrichtung der Signale und damit die Richtung des anfliegenden Flugkörpers ermittelt werden kann. Diese Information wird dann verwendet, um eine Lageregelung zur Nachführung des Arrays vornehmen zu können. In continuation, however, it is preferably provided that a plurality of arrays are interconnected, whereby they not only cover a wide spatial area, but are also able to - for example, with the help of actuators etc. - to be able to independently align with the approaching missile. For this purpose, the direction of incidence of the approaching missile is determined by the arrays and this information is given to a storage control acting on actuators, etc. of the decoy, so the arrays, to align the decoy optimally to the missile. A dual-polarized realization allows the use of the reflector in any polarization of the missile (alignment of transverse waves in a preferred direction) by using appropriate antennas and their interconnection. For the direction estimation, the signals in the van-Atta array are tapped at amplifiers and fed into an electromagnetic lens, for example a Rotman lens. Thus, the receive antenna array functions both as part of the van-Atta array and for the Rotman lens. At the output ports of the Rotman lens, the signal power is detected or tapped, so that the direction of incidence of the signals and thus the direction of the approaching missile can be determined by comparing the power. This information is then used to make a position control for tracking the array.
Anhand eines einfach dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels soll die Idee näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt: Based on a simple illustrated embodiment, the idea will be explained in more detail. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine skizzenhafte Darstellung eines aktiven Scheinzieles zur Flugkörperabwehr, 1 is a sketch-like representation of an active decoy target for missile defense,
Fig. 2 eine erste vereinfacht dargestellte Variante des aktiven Scheinziels aus Fig. 1 , 2 shows a first simplified variant of the active dummy target from FIG. 1, FIG.
Fig. 3 eine weitere Variante des Scheinziels aus Fig. 1 in Form eines einfachen Fig. 3 shows a further variant of the decoy target of Fig. 1 in the form of a simple
Schaltplans.  Schematic.
In Fig. 1 ist mit 20 ein in einer skizzenartigen Darstellung zum allgemeinen Verständnis ein Schutzsystem aufgezeigt, dass ein aktives Scheinziel 1 zur Bedrohungsabwehr eines Objektes 4 gegen einen radargelenkten Flugkörper 5 aufweist. Das aktive Scheinziel 1 umfasst wenigstens eine retrodirektive Antenne oder Retro-Reflektor 2, die zumindest aus einer Empfangs- und Sendeantenne als Reflektor bzw. Reflexionsantenne aber auch aus mehreren gebildet werden kann, um den vom Flugkörper 5 ausgesandten Radarstrahl RF genau in die Einfallsrichtung und damit an den Flugkörper 5 als Reflexions-Strahl Rs zurückzusenden. Das aktive Schutzsystem 1 wird als Off-Board-Variante im Nichtgebrauch auf oder am Objekt 4, hier ein Schiff, mitgeführt. FIG. 1 shows a protection system in a sketch-like illustration for the general understanding that an active dummy target 1 for countering the threat of an object 4 against a radar-guided missile 5. The active decoy 1 includes at least one retro-directional antenna or retro-reflector 2, which can be formed at least from a receiving and transmitting antenna as a reflector or reflection antenna but also several to the radar beam R F emitted by the missile 5 exactly in the direction of incidence and to send back to the missile 5 as a reflection beam R s . The active protection system 1 is carried as an off-board variant when not in use on or on the object 4, here a ship.
In einer einfachsten Variante (Fig. 2) ist im Schutzsystem 20 zudem ein Sensor 6 involviert, der zur Detektion der Richtung des Flugkörpers 5 dient und mit einer Stelleinheit (nicht näher dargestellt) zusammenwirkt, durch die zumindest das Scheinziel 1 in die entsprechende Position bzw. Richtung gebracht werden kann. Dabei sind zwei verschiedene Funktionsmodes des Scheinziels 1 möglich. Der eine Mode ist die Distraktion - wenn sich der Flugkörper 5 noch nicht auf das Objekt 4 aufgeschaltet hat, der andere Mode ist die Seduktion, das Separieren des Scheinziels vom Echtziel, eine Variante, wenn der Flugkörper 5 bereits das eigentliche Ziel (Objekt 4) aufgenommen hat. In a simplest variant (FIG. 2), a sensor 6 is additionally involved in the protection system 20, which sensor serves to detect the direction of the missile 5 and cooperates with an actuating unit (not shown in greater detail), by which at least the decoy 1 is moved into the corresponding position or position . Direction can be brought. Two different functional modes of the decoy 1 are possible. The one mode is the distraction - if the missile 5 has not yet switched to the object 4, the other mode is the seduction, separating the dummy target from the real target, a variant, if the missile 5 already the actual target (object 4) has recorded.
Im Falle der Einleitung der Distraktion wird der Flugkörper 5 als passiver Flugkörper erkannt, der seinerseits ein Erwartungsgebiet überwacht. Es werden Richtung, Entfernung und Geschwindigkeit des Flugkörpers 5 ermittelt. Danach wird anhand der eingehenden Informationen das Scheinziel 1 bereits ausgebracht, um ein attraktiveres Ziel 4' in einem Abstand vom eigentlichen Ziel 4 mit dem Scheinziel 1 zu schaffen. Dabei wird auch berücksichtigt, welchen Suchablauf der detektierte Flugkörper 5 bevorzugt. Wenn dann der Flugkörper 5 seine Radarkeule ausstrahlt, erfolgt dieses bereits in die Richtung des Scheinzieles 1 , bevorzugt noch bevor dieser das eigentliche Objekt 4 wahrgenommen hat. In the case of the initiation of the distraction of the missile 5 is recognized as a passive missile, which in turn monitors an area of expectation. Direction, distance and speed of the missile 5 are determined. Thereafter, based on the incoming information the decoy 1 is already deployed to create a more attractive target 4 'at a distance from the actual target 4 with the decoy 1. In this case, it is also taken into account which search process the detected missile 5 prefers. If then the missile 5 emits its radar lobe, this is already in the direction of the decoy 1, preferably even before this has the actual object 4 perceived.
Bei der Seduktion, einem ebenfalls passiven Verfahren, wird durch weitere Detektoren, beispielsweise einem aktiven Radar und Radarwarnern, die bevorzugt auf dem Objekt 4 angebracht sind, ein abgestrahltes Zielsignal detektiert. Dieses abgestrahlte Zielsignal des Flugkörpers 5 wird vom Scheinziel 1 aufgenommen und verstärkt zum Flugkörper 5 zurück gestrahlt. Das Scheinziel 1 selbst bewegt sich während dessen in objektähnlicher Geschwindigkeit vom Objekt 4 weg. In the case of seduction, which is also a passive method, a radiated target signal is detected by further detectors, for example an active radar and radar warning devices, which are preferably mounted on the object 4. This radiated target signal of the missile 5 is received by the decoy 1 and amplified blasted back to the missile 5. The decoy 1 itself moves during object-like speed away from the object 4.
Das Scheinziel 1 kann sich fliegend, bevorzugt in maximaler Objekthöhe, vom Objekt 4 entfernen. Das trifft für Schiffe als auch andere sich bewegende Objekte 4, z. B. Fahrzeuge, zu. Bei zu schützenden Schiffen kann das Scheinziel 1 schwimmend oder passiv gezogen etc. fortbewegt werden. Ein selbstständiges Wegfahren oder Wegziehen ist auch bei Fahrzeugen an Land möglich. The decoy 1 can fly away from the object 4, preferably at maximum object height. This is true for ships as well as other moving objects 4, e.g. As vehicles, too. In ships to be protected, the decoy 1 can be moved floating or passively, etc. moved. An independent driving away or pulling away is also possible with vehicles on land.
Die bevorzugte Ausführung des Scheinzieles 1 selbst wiederspiegelt die Fig. 3. Hierbei besteht das Scheinziel 10 aus einer Antenne 11 , die aus mehreren Empfangsantennen 11.1- 11.3 (11.n) besteht, und einer Antenne 12, die aus mehreren, vorzugsweise gleichvielen Sende-Antennen 12.1-12.3, 12.n besteht. Entsprechend der Anzahl der Antennen 11 , 12 sind Verstärkerstufen V, - V3, Vn zwischen beiden eingebunden. The preferred embodiment of the dummy target 1 itself mirrors the Fig. 3. Here, the dummy target 10 consists of an antenna 11, which consists of several receiving antennas 11.1-11.3 (11.n), and an antenna 12, which consists of several, preferably equal to Antennas 12.1-12.3, 12.n exists. According to the number of antennas 11, 12, amplifier stages V, - V 3, V n are integrated between the two.
Mit den Antennen 11.1-11. 3 kann neben der Aufnahme des Radarstrahls RF auch die Einfallsrichtung des anfliegenden Flugkörpers 5 ermittelt werden. Für die Richtungsschätzung werden die in der Antennengruppe 11 laufenden Signale an Verstärkern V,- V3 abgegriffen und in eine elektromagnetische Linse 13, beispielsweise eine Rotman-Linse, gespeist. Deren Ausgangsinformationen werden in einem Vergleicher 14 verglichen. Dazu sind deren Ausgänge auf den Vergleicher bzw. eine Auswerteeinheit 14 geführt. Anhand der abgegriffenen Signale wird nunmehr in der Auswerteeinheit 14 die Einfallsrichtung der Signale und damit die Richtung des anfliegenden Flugkörpers 5 ermittelt. Hierbei werden die Signalunterschiede der Antennen 11.1-11.3 ausgewertet. In Auswertung wird dann ein Befehl an eine Lagerregelung 15 gegeben, die ihrerseits auf die Stellmotore 16 etc., d.h., der Stelleinheit des Scheinzieles 10 bzw. des Schutzsystems 20, einwirken, um zumindest das Scheinziel 10 optimal auf den Flugkörper 5 auszurichten. Zur Kontrolle kann aber auch hier zusätzlich ein Richtungssensor 6 mit in die Auswertung eingebunden werden. With the antennas 11.1-11. 3, the incident direction of the approaching missile 5 can be determined in addition to the recording of the radar beam R F. For the direction estimation, the signals running in the antenna group 11 are tapped at amplifiers V, -V 3 and fed to an electromagnetic lens 13, such as a Rotman lens. Their output information is compared in a comparator 14. For this purpose, their outputs are routed to the comparator or an evaluation unit 14. Based on the tapped signals, the incident direction of the signals and thus the direction of the approaching missile 5 is now determined in the evaluation unit 14. In this case, the signal differences of the antennas 11.1-11.3 are evaluated. In evaluation, a command is then given to a bearing control 15, which in turn on the servo motors 16, etc., ie, the actuator of the dummy target 10 and the protection system 20, act to align at least the dummy target 10 optimally to the missile 5. As a check, however, a direction sensor 6 can also be integrated into the evaluation here as well.
Die Antennen 11 und 12 sind bevorzugt in Form eines van-Atta Arrays ausgebildet. The antennas 11 and 12 are preferably designed in the form of a van Atta array.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Schutzsystem (20) zum Schutz eines Objektes (4) vor einem radargelenkten Flugkörper (5), gekennzeichnet durch ein aktives Scheinziel (1 , 10), das durch zumindest einen Retro-Reflektor oder eine retrodirektive Antenne (2, 11 , 13) gebildet wird, die einen Radarstrahl (RF) als Reflexionsstrahl (Rs) genau in die Einfallsrichtung und damit an den Flugkörper (5) zurück senden können. A protection system (20) for protecting an object (4) in front of a radar-guided missile (5), characterized by an active decoy (1, 10) which is characterized by at least one retro-reflector or retro-directional antenna (2, 11, 13). is formed, which can send a radar beam (R F ) as a reflection beam (R s ) exactly in the direction of incidence and thus to the missile (5) back.
2. Schutzsystem nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die retrodirektive Antenne (2) aus wenigstens einer Empfangs- und Reflektor- Antenne besteht. 2. Protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the retro-directional antenna (2) consists of at least one receiving and reflector antenna.
3. Schutzsystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Sensor (6) eingebunden ist, der zur Detektion der Richtung des anfliegenden Flugkörpers (5) dient und mit einer Lageregelung elektrisch verbunden ist, die auf Stellmotore (16) des Schutzsystems (20) einwirkt, um zumindest das Scheinziel (1) optimal auf den Flugkörper (5) auszurichten. 3. Protection system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sensor (6) is integrated, which serves for detecting the direction of the approaching missile (5) and is electrically connected to a position control, which on servo motors (16) of the protection system ( 20) acts to optimally align at least the decoy (1) on the missile (5).
4. Schutzsystem nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Scheinziel (10) aus einer Antenne (11) mit mehreren Empfangsantennen (11.1-11. 3, 11n) und einer Sendeantenne (12) mit mehreren Sendeantennen (12.1-12.3, 12.n) besteht, wobei entsprechend der Anzahl der Antennen (11 , 12) Verstärkerstufen (Ν -Ν^, Vn) zwischen beiden eingebunden sind. 4. Protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the decoy target (10) from an antenna (11) having a plurality of receiving antennas (11.1-11. 3, 11 n) and a transmitting antenna (12) having a plurality of transmitting antennas (12.1-12.3, 12 .n), wherein according to the number of antennas (11, 12) amplifier stages (Ν -Ν ^, V n ) are integrated between the two.
5. Schutzsystem nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für eine Richtungsschätzung die in den Empfangsantennen (11.1-11. 3, 11n) laufenden Signale an den Verstärkern ΟΛ ^, Vn) abgegriffen und in eine elektromagnetische Linse (13) gespeist werden, deren Ausgänge auf einen Vergleicher (14) geführt sind. 5. Protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that for a direction estimation in the receiving antennas (11.1-11. 3, 11 n) tapped current signals to the amplifiers ΟΛ ^, V n) and (in an electromagnetic lens 13) are fed whose outputs are routed to a comparator (14).
6. Schutzsystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektromagnetische Linse (13) beispielsweise eine Rotman-Linse ist. 6. Protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that the electromagnetic lens (13) is for example a Rotman lens.
7. Schutzsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Vergleicher (14) eingebunden ist, der auf die Ausgänge der Verstärkerstufen (V!- V3, vn) greift und mit einer Lageregelung (15) verschaltet ist, die ihrerseits auf Stellmotore (16) des Scheinzieles (10) und / oder des Schutzsystems (20) einwirken, um zumindest das Scheinziel (10) optimal auf den Flugkörper (5) auszurichten. Schutzsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Dual-Polarisierung durch die Antennen (11 , 12) realisiert wird. 7. Protection system according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a comparator (14) is integrated, which accesses the outputs of the amplifier stages (V ! - V3, v n) and is connected to a position control (15) which in turn acting on actuators (16) of the decoy (10) and / or the protection system (20) to optimally align at least the decoy (10) on the missile (5). Protection system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a dual polarization by the antennas (11, 12) is realized.
Schutzsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Scheinziel (1 ) durch Distraktion oder Seduktion sich auf den Flugkörper (5) aufschaltet. Protection system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the decoy (1) by distraction or seduction turns on the missile (5).
EP12755798.1A 2011-09-30 2012-08-30 Active protection system Active EP2761245B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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DE102011114574A DE102011114574A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2011-09-30 Active protection system
PCT/EP2012/003634 WO2013045015A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2012-08-30 Active protection system

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EP2761245A1 true EP2761245A1 (en) 2014-08-06
EP2761245B1 EP2761245B1 (en) 2017-10-04

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DK (1) DK2761245T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2654603T3 (en)
NO (1) NO2777281T3 (en)
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DE102011120929A1 (en) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Protection system, in particular for ships, against radar-directed threats
NO343895B1 (en) 2017-01-17 2019-07-01 Norbit Its Retrodirective Wireless Device and Method
DE102021117084A1 (en) 2021-07-02 2023-01-05 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Method of protecting an object from a radar-guided missile

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US3938151A (en) 1970-08-14 1976-02-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Passive radar decoy having a large cross section
US5064140A (en) * 1990-10-09 1991-11-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Covert millimeter wave beam projector
SE518244C2 (en) 1999-04-01 2002-09-17 Saab Ab Method of projecting countermeasures, and device for storing and projecting countermeasures
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PL2761245T3 (en) 2018-03-30
DE102011114574A1 (en) 2013-04-04
PT2761245T (en) 2018-01-08
NO2777281T3 (en) 2018-07-28
EP2761245B1 (en) 2017-10-04
ES2654603T3 (en) 2018-02-14
DK2761245T3 (en) 2018-01-08
WO2013045015A1 (en) 2013-04-04

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