EP2752260B9 - Refractory ceramic floor - Google Patents

Refractory ceramic floor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2752260B9
EP2752260B9 EP13150422.7A EP13150422A EP2752260B9 EP 2752260 B9 EP2752260 B9 EP 2752260B9 EP 13150422 A EP13150422 A EP 13150422A EP 2752260 B9 EP2752260 B9 EP 2752260B9
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lining
permanent
base according
solid bricks
wear lining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13150422.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2752260B1 (en
EP2752260A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Maranitsch
Matthias Hoeck
Marcus Kirschen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL13150422T priority Critical patent/PL2752260T3/en
Priority to ES13150422.7T priority patent/ES2619977T3/en
Priority to SI201330555A priority patent/SI2752260T1/en
Priority to HUE13150422A priority patent/HUE032636T2/en
Priority to EP13150422.7A priority patent/EP2752260B9/en
Priority to UAA201505093A priority patent/UA113564C2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2013/075299 priority patent/WO2014106553A1/en
Priority to BR112015010340-5A priority patent/BR112015010340B1/en
Priority to KR1020157011924A priority patent/KR20150081284A/en
Priority to MX2015005327A priority patent/MX361111B/en
Priority to PE2015000638A priority patent/PE20151115A1/en
Priority to CN201380062902.1A priority patent/CN104903027B/en
Priority to US14/648,140 priority patent/US9962764B2/en
Priority to JP2015548328A priority patent/JP2016507715A/en
Priority to EA201500476A priority patent/EA028140B1/en
Priority to CA2888450A priority patent/CA2888450C/en
Priority to TW102148403A priority patent/TWI552817B/en
Priority to ARP130105052A priority patent/AR094297A1/en
Publication of EP2752260A1 publication Critical patent/EP2752260A1/en
Priority to IL238355A priority patent/IL238355B/en
Priority to CL2015001208A priority patent/CL2015001208A1/en
Priority to ZA2015/03865A priority patent/ZA201503865B/en
Priority to SA515360534A priority patent/SA515360534B1/en
Publication of EP2752260B1 publication Critical patent/EP2752260B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2752260B9 publication Critical patent/EP2752260B9/en
Priority to US15/871,743 priority patent/US20180133792A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02—Linings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0043—Floors, hearths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refractory ceramic floor in the connection region to at least one wall of a vessel for the treatment of a high-temperature melt,
  • the vessel may be, for example, a metallurgical ladle.
  • the state of the art and the invention are described in more detail below with reference to this use.
  • Such a pan is for example in the US 5,879,616 A or in " Revue de Metallurgie, Vol. 88, No. 718, 1.7.91, S-781-788 To simplify matters, it consists of a floor and a wall extending from the floor upwards, with a mostly round internal cross-section, so that a total of a kind of pot shape results.
  • a treated in the pan molten metal passes through the spout (tapping) in a downstream system, such as a tundish.
  • a stopper closure English: stopper
  • a slide valve English: sliding plate valve
  • the slag Since the slag is lighter than the molten metal (molten steel), the slag floats predominantly on the metal bath. It has therefore sloped the surface of the pan floor designed to transport as much liquid metal through the spout, which is located at the lowest point of the soil before the slag flows through it.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a construction in which as much melt can be removed in good quality from a melting vessel.
  • the shape of the soil over which the melt flows should always be the same.
  • the shape of the soil, and in particular the surface of the soil, even after repair or replacement of the spent refractory material is as unchanged as possible (in the range of technical tolerances).
  • the invention goes the way according to "Revue de Metallurgieā€:
  • the soil is formed from a refractory permanent lining on which a wear lining is arranged, but in a different design.
  • the permanent lining or more precisely: the surface of the permanent lining, specifies the desired geometry for the wear lining.
  • the permanent feed accordingly has at least one inclined surface and a three-dimensional shape and at least one step.
  • the permanent food must not be renewed for a long time, because it is not subject to wear. Only the wear lining located on the permanent lining is consumed and must be repaired or renewed from time to time.
  • the wear lining is laid on the permanent lining in the form of refractory bricks, it follows immediately that the upper side of the wear lining has the same or essentially the same shape (geometry) as the upper side of the permanent lining. This is especially true when the stones of the wear lining are mainly identical and are mainly laid in the same direction.
  • the invention relates to a refractory ceramic floor in the connection region to at least one wall of a vessel for the treatment of a high-temperature melt, with the features of the main entitlement.
  • solid brick covers all types of classic refractory ceramic bricks, regardless of their geometry or composition. Solid bricks are in particular compact refractory bricks in the form of a cuboid, a column or a three-dimensional polygon with a largely homogeneous internal structure.
  • the open and / or closed porosity should be as low as possible, for example ā‡ 20% by volume, better ā‡ 15% by volume, ā‡ 10% by volume or ā‡ 5% by volume.
  • those stones are excluded which have a passage opening or individual larger cavities and / or stones for special metallurgical applications such as gas purging bricks and other functional components.
  • a nozzle or a gas purging plug can be installed as a discrete, independent component in both the permanent and the wear chuck.
  • Discrete independent component refers to a use regardless of the wear lining.
  • At least 60M .-% of the wear lining consist of such solid bricks.
  • the value may also be> 65M .-%,> 70M .-%,> 75M .-%, ā‡ 80M .-%,> 85M .-%,> 90M .-%,> 93M .-% or> 95M% ,
  • the percentage of solid bricks depends on the shape, dimensions and size of each pan. It should be as high as possible in order to best reproduce the surface structure of the permanent feed.
  • the remainder may for example be formed of a refractory mass, which is used in the transition region between adjacent stones, between stones and wall or other components / internals, in the spout area, etc., to fill gussets.
  • a refractory mass which is used in the transition region between adjacent stones, between stones and wall or other components / internals, in the spout area, etc., to fill gussets.
  • the permanent feed consists of at least one monolithic refractory mass.
  • the entire permanent feed can be produced in-situ or at any location, even outside the plant in which the melting pot is used. It is advantageous to carry out the permanent feed as prefabricated component.
  • the prefabricated component may be one or more parts (for example 2 to 10 parts) and consist for example of segments which complement each other to form a complete permanent feed.
  • the permanent lining of the soil is then installed in the pan and then laid the wear lining on the permanent feed.
  • the three-dimensional shape of the permanent lining is important because it dictates what the surface texture of the wear lining is.
  • the surface structure of the wear lining is important because this surface has contact with the melt and to be able to derive as much melt in good quality through the spout.
  • the wear lining takes over these forms directly, as explained above.
  • the surface of the permanent lining and thus the corresponding surface of the wear lining can be fully or partially inclined.
  • the maximum slope is usually 45 Ā° to the horizontal, with upper possible limits at 30 Ā°, 25 Ā°, 20 Ā°, 15 Ā° or 10 Ā° and possible lower limits at 1.5 Ā°, 2 Ā°, 3 Ā°, 4 Ā°, 5 Ā° or 8 Ā°.
  • the surface of the permanent lining which is adjacent to the wear lining, is inclined at least in sections relative to the horizontal by 2 Ā° to 25 Ā°. Sections near the spout opening (tapping) may have a greater incline than sections in the wall region of the metallurgical vessel.
  • the invention makes it possible to use the solid bricks of the wear lining at least partially as prefabricated segments of a plurality of solid bricks. This can simplify repair work.
  • the geometry of the stones is not critical. But it is particularly easy to produce floors whose wear lining consists of at least 70M .-% or at least 75M .-% of solid bricks, which have a triangular, rectangular or polygonal profile in a plan view.
  • the wear lining consists of at least 80M .-% of solid bricks, which have their greatest longitudinal extent in the vertical direction.
  • the bricks of the wear layer can be made of any refractory material, for example of at least one material of the following group: magnesia (MgO), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), magnesia-carbon (MgO-C), doloma (MgO-CaO) , Magnesia chromite (MgO-Cr 2 O 3 ), TiO 2 .
  • gussets can be filled with a refractory ceramic mass.
  • the application can be done manually or automatically, for example by pounding, spraying, pouring or grouting.
  • a variant of the invention provides the following: solid tiles, which lie on a surface of the permanent lining, which is inclined relative to the horizontal by at least 1.5 Ā°, are arranged, for example staggered, such shown in the figure description (if no flat edition is possible).
  • FIG. 1 shows a bottom with two layers, namely a lower layer 10 and an upper layer 20 arranged thereon. Both are approximately circular in plan view.
  • the upper layer 20, ie the wear layer, consists predominantly (to> 80M .-%) of cuboid refractory bricks 21 of the same size in a similar installation, except in the region of the spout 30th
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the planar inclined surfaces of the Figures 3 . 4 replaced by a staircase-like contour, however, the total - technically speaking - a slope similar to in FIG. 3 results.
  • the term "inclined surfaceā€ technically also includes embodiments with corresponding, successive small steps 13 (FIG. Fig. 5 ).
  • gussets Z also exist between bricks 21 and an adjacent curved vessel wall 52 of a cast steel ladle 50. These areas are also filled with a monolithic refractory mass.
  • the 3-dimensional design is automatically determined by the unchanged permanent lining 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen feuerfesten keramischen Boden im Anschlussbereich zu mindestens einer Wand eines GefƤƟes zur Behandlung einer Hochtemperaturschmelze,The invention relates to a refractory ceramic floor in the connection region to at least one wall of a vessel for the treatment of a high-temperature melt,

Das GefƤƟ kann beispielsweise eine metallurgische Pfanne (englisch: ladle) sein. Der Stand der Technik und die Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand dieser Verwendung nƤher beschrieben.The vessel may be, for example, a metallurgical ladle. The state of the art and the invention are described in more detail below with reference to this use.

Eine solche Pfanne ist zum Beispiel in der US 5.879.616 A oder in " Revue de Metallurgie, Bd. 88 Nr. 718, 1.7.91, S-781-788 " gezeigt. Stark vereinfacht besteht sie aus einem Boden und einer vom Boden nach oben verlaufenden Wand mit meist rundem Innenquerschnitt, so dass sich insgesamt eine Art Topfform ergibt. Im Boden ist mindestens ein Loch (Ausguss-Bereich) angeordnet.Such a pan is for example in the US 5,879,616 A or in " Revue de Metallurgie, Vol. 88, No. 718, 1.7.91, S-781-788 To simplify matters, it consists of a floor and a wall extending from the floor upwards, with a mostly round internal cross-section, so that a total of a kind of pot shape results.

Eine in der Pfanne behandelte Metallschmelze gelangt Ć¼ber den Ausguss (Abstich) in eine nachgeordnete Anlage, beispielsweise ein VerteilergefƤƟ (englisch: tundish). Zur Regelung/Steuerung der Menge der Metallschmelze dient beispielsweise ein Stopfen-Verschluss (englisch: stopper) oder ein Schieber Ventil (englisch: sliding plate valve), auch Regelorgane genannt.A treated in the pan molten metal passes through the spout (tapping) in a downstream system, such as a tundish. For controlling / controlling the amount of molten metal, for example, a stopper closure (English: stopper) or a slide valve (English: sliding plate valve), also called control organs.

Falls Schlacke mit in den Tundish gelangt verringert sich die QualitƤt des Stahls und die Haltbarkeit des VerteilergefƤƟes. Es wird deshalb versucht, die Ausgussƶffnung sofort zu schlieƟen, sobald Schlacke im Ausgussbereich angekommen ist. Die Pfanne wird dann mit der Restmenge an Schmelze und Schlacke ausgekippt. Dadurch entstehen erhebliche Verluste an Material und hohe Kosten fĆ¼r die Wiederaufbereitung.If slag gets into the tundish, the quality of the steel and the durability of the hopper are reduced. It is therefore attempted to close the spout immediately as soon as slag has arrived in the spout area. The pan is then dumped with the remaining amount of melt and slag. Thereby There are significant losses of material and high costs for reprocessing.

Da die Schlacke leichter als die Metallschmelze (Stahlschmelze) ist schwimmt die Schlacke Ć¼berwiegend auf dem Metallbad. Man hat deshalb die OberflƤche des Pfannenbodens geneigt (englisch: sloped) ausgebildet, um mƶglichst viel flĆ¼ssiges Metall durch den Ausguss zu transportieren, der an der tiefsten Stelle des Bodens liegt, bevor die Schlacke hindurchflieƟt.Since the slag is lighter than the molten metal (molten steel), the slag floats predominantly on the metal bath. It has therefore sloped the surface of the pan floor designed to transport as much liquid metal through the spout, which is located at the lowest point of the soil before the slag flows through it.

Dies erfordert eine entsprechend komplizierte Form des Bodens. Die feuerfeste Zustellung des Bodens wird aufwƤndig und teuer. Der Boden gemƤƟ "Revue de Metallurgie" weist diese Nachteile auf, da sich die quaderfƶrmigen Steine nicht passgenau auf die gekrĆ¼mmte OberflƤche des Dauerfutters setzen lassen.This requires a correspondingly complicated shape of the soil. The refractory lining of the soil is complex and expensive. The floor according to "Revue de Metallurgie" has these disadvantages, because the cuboid stones can not be set accurately on the curved surface of the permanent food.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Konstruktion anzugeben, bei der mƶglichst viel Schmelze in guter QualitƤt aus einem SchmelzgefƤƟ entfernt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a construction in which as much melt can be removed in good quality from a melting vessel.

Um diese Aufgabe zu lƶsen sieht die Erfindung folgende MaƟnahmen vor:

  • Prinzipiell ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Schmelze entlang einer SchrƤgflƤche zum Ausguss transportiert wird. Deshalb soll der erfindungsgemƤƟe Boden mindestens abschnittweise gegenĆ¼ber der Horizontalen geneigt sein. Die SchrƤgflƤche soll insbesondere zum Ausgussbereich hin abfallen.
In order to achieve this object, the invention provides the following measures:
  • In principle, it is advantageous if the melt is transported along an inclined surface to the spout. Therefore, the floor according to the invention should be inclined at least in sections relative to the horizontal. The inclined surface should fall off in particular towards the spout area.

Um reproduzierbare Bedingungen beim GieƟen sicherzustellen soll die Form des Bodens, Ć¼ber den die Schmelze flieƟt, mƶglichst immer gleich sein. Damit ist gemeint, dass die Form des Bodens, und insbesondere die OberflƤche des Bodens, auch nach einer Reparatur oder einem Austausch des verbrauchten Feuerfestmaterials mƶglichst unverƤndert ist (im Bereich technischer Toleranzen).To ensure reproducible conditions during casting, the shape of the soil over which the melt flows should always be the same. By this is meant that the shape of the soil, and in particular the surface of the soil, even after repair or replacement of the spent refractory material is as unchanged as possible (in the range of technical tolerances).

Ein neu hergestelltes monolithisches VerschleiƟfutter, wie es in der US 5.879.616 beschrieben wird, hat nach einer Reparatur zwangslƤufig eine unterschiedliche Geometrie.A newly manufactured monolithic wear lining, as it is in the US 5,879,616 is described, inevitably has a different geometry after a repair.

Die Erfindung geht den Weg gemƤƟ "Revue de Metallurgie": Der Boden wird aus einem feuerfesten Dauerfutter gebildet, auf dem ein VerschleiƟfutter angeordnet wird, jedoch in anderer Bauform.The invention goes the way according to "Revue de Metallurgie": The soil is formed from a refractory permanent lining on which a wear lining is arranged, but in a different design.

Das Dauerfutter, oder genauer: die OberflƤche des Dauerfutters gibt die gewĆ¼nschte Geometrie fĆ¼r das VerschleiƟfutter vor. Das Dauerfutter weist entsprechend mindestens eine SchrƤgflƤche und eine dreidimensionale Formgebung auf sowie mindestens eine Stufe.The permanent lining, or more precisely: the surface of the permanent lining, specifies the desired geometry for the wear lining. The permanent feed accordingly has at least one inclined surface and a three-dimensional shape and at least one step.

Das Dauerfutter muss auch Ć¼ber lƤngere Zeit nicht erneuert werden, weil es keinem VerschleiƟ unterliegt. Nur das auf dem Dauerfutter angeordnete VerschleiƟfutter wird verbraucht und muss von Zeit zu Zeit repariert oder erneuert werden.The permanent food must not be renewed for a long time, because it is not subject to wear. Only the wear lining located on the permanent lining is consumed and must be repaired or renewed from time to time.

Wird das VerschleiƟfutter in Form von feuerfesten Steinen auf dem Dauerfutter verlegt ergibt sich unmittelbar, dass die Oberseite des VerschleiƟfutters die gleiche oder im Wesentlichen die gleiche Form (Geometrie) aufweist wie die Oberseite des Dauerfutters. Das gilt insbesondere dann, wenn die Steine des VerschleiƟfutters Ć¼berwiegend baugleich sind und Ć¼berwiegend in gleicher Richtung verlegt sind.If the wear lining is laid on the permanent lining in the form of refractory bricks, it follows immediately that the upper side of the wear lining has the same or essentially the same shape (geometry) as the upper side of the permanent lining. This is especially true when the stones of the wear lining are mainly identical and are mainly laid in the same direction.

Das gilt auch dann, wenn einzelne Steine, Steinbereiche oder das gesamte VerschleiƟfutter repariert oder erneuert werden, weil das Dauerfutter dabei unberĆ¼hrt bleibt und weiterhin die gewĆ¼nschte OberflƤchengeometrie definiert.This also applies if individual stones, stone areas or the entire wear lining are repaired or renewed because the permanent lining remains untouched and continues to define the desired surface geometry.

Die vorstehenden Merkmale gelten im Rahmen der technischen Gegebenheiten. Ein (geneigter) Boden auf einem feuerfesten keramischen Material kann nie im mathematisch/physikalischen Sinne exakt planar (planar geneigt) sein und es ergeben sich bei einer Pfanne mit rundem Innenquerschnitt zwangslƤufig ƜbergƤnge von den Steinen zur Wand oder zwischen Steinen und Ausguss, die in einem separaten Arbeitsschritt ausgefĆ¼llt werden mĆ¼ssen. Dazu werden nachstehend weitere Hinweise gegeben. Das sind jedoch nur HilfsmaƟnahmen, da der allergrĆ¶ĆŸte Teil der VerschleiƟschicht aus Standard-Formziegeln aufgebaut werden kann.The above features apply within the scope of the technical conditions. A (tilted) floor on a refractory ceramic material can never be exactly planar (planar inclined) in the mathematical / physical sense and inevitably results in a pan with a circular inner cross-section transitions from the stones to the wall or between stones and spout, which in one separate work step must be completed. For this purpose, further notes are given below. However, these are only remedial measures, since the largest part of the wear layer can be built up from standard shaped bricks.

In ihrer allgemeinsten AusfĆ¼hrungsform betrifft die Erfindung einen feuerfesten keramischen Boden im Anschlussbereich zu mindestens einer Wand eines GefƤƟes zur Behandlung einer Hochtemperaturschmelze, mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchss.In its most general embodiment, the invention relates to a refractory ceramic floor in the connection region to at least one wall of a vessel for the treatment of a high-temperature melt, with the features of the main entitlement.

Angaben wie "oben, unten" etc. beziehen sich immer auf die normale Betriebsposition des GefƤƟes.Information such as "top, bottom" etc. always refer to the normal operating position of the vessel.

Der Begriff "Vollziegel" umfasst alle Typen von klassischen feuerfesten keramischen Steinen, unabhƤngig von ihrer Geometrie oder Zusammensetzung. Vollziegel sind insbesondere kompakte feuerfeste Steine (englisch: bricks) in der Form eines Quaders, einer SƤule oder eines dreidimensionalen Polygons mit einer weitestgehend homogenen inneren Struktur. Die offene und/oder geschlossene PorositƤt soll mƶglichst gering sein, beispielsweise < 20Vol.-%, besser <15Vol.-%, <10Vol.-% oder <5Vol.-%.The term "solid brick" covers all types of classic refractory ceramic bricks, regardless of their geometry or composition. Solid bricks are in particular compact refractory bricks in the form of a cuboid, a column or a three-dimensional polygon with a largely homogeneous internal structure. The open and / or closed porosity should be as low as possible, for example <20% by volume, better <15% by volume, <10% by volume or <5% by volume.

Es sind insbesondere solche Steine ausgeschlossen, die eine Durchgangsƶffnung oder einzelne grĆ¶ĆŸere HohlrƤume aufweisen und/oder Steine fĆ¼r spezielle metallurgische Anwendungen wie GasspĆ¼lsteine und andere Funktional-Bauteile.In particular, those stones are excluded which have a passage opening or individual larger cavities and / or stones for special metallurgical applications such as gas purging bricks and other functional components.

Allerdings kann eine DĆ¼se oder ein GasspĆ¼lstein als diskretes, eigenstƤndiges Bauteil sowohl in das Dauerfutter als auch in das VerschleiƟfutter eingebaut werden. "Diskretes eigenstƤndiges Bauteil" bezeichnet dabei eine Verwendung unabhƤngig vom VerschleiƟfutters.However, a nozzle or a gas purging plug can be installed as a discrete, independent component in both the permanent and the wear chuck. "Discrete independent component" refers to a use regardless of the wear lining.

GemƤƟ der Erfindung sollen mƶglichst mindestens 60M.-% des VerschleiƟfutters aus solchen Vollziegeln bestehen. Der Wert kann auch >65M.-%, >70M.-%, >75M.-%, <80M.-%, >85M.-%, >90M.-%, >93M.-% oder >95M% betragen. Der jeweilige Prozentsatz an Vollziegeln hƤngt von der Form, den Abmessungen und der GrĆ¶ĆŸe der jeweiligen Pfanne ab. Er soll mƶglichst hoch sein, um die OberflƤchenstruktur des Dauerfutters bestmƶglich nachzubilden.According to the invention as far as possible at least 60M .-% of the wear lining consist of such solid bricks. The value may also be> 65M .-%,> 70M .-%,> 75M .-%, <80M .-%,> 85M .-%,> 90M .-%,> 93M .-% or> 95M% , The percentage of solid bricks depends on the shape, dimensions and size of each pan. It should be as high as possible in order to best reproduce the surface structure of the permanent feed.

Der Rest kann beispielsweise aus einer feuerfesten Masse gebildet sein, die im Ɯbergangsbereich zwischen benachbarten Steinen, zwischen Steinen und Wand oder an sonstigen Bauteilen/Einbauten, im Ausgussbereich etc. verwendet wird, um Zwickel auszufĆ¼llen. Dazu werden nachstehend weitere Informationen gegeben.The remainder may for example be formed of a refractory mass, which is used in the transition region between adjacent stones, between stones and wall or other components / internals, in the spout area, etc., to fill gussets. For this purpose, further information will be given below.

Nach einer AusfĆ¼hrungsform besteht das Dauerfutter aus mindestens einer monolithischen feuerfesten Masse. Das gesamte Dauerfutter kann in-situ oder an einem beliebigen Ort, auch auƟerhalb der Anlage, in der das SchmelzgefƤƟ benutzt wird, hergestellt werden. Es ist vorteilhaft, das Dauerfutter als Fertigbauteil auszufĆ¼hren. Das Fertigbauteil kann ein-oder mehrteilig (zum Beispiel 2 bis 10teilig) sein und zum Beispiel aus Segmenten bestehen, die sich zu einem kompletten Dauerfutter ergƤnzen. Das Dauerfutter des Bodens wird dann in die Pfanne eingebaut und anschlieƟend das VerschleiƟfutter auf dem Dauerfutter verlegt.In one embodiment, the permanent feed consists of at least one monolithic refractory mass. The entire permanent feed can be produced in-situ or at any location, even outside the plant in which the melting pot is used. It is advantageous to carry out the permanent feed as prefabricated component. The prefabricated component may be one or more parts (for example 2 to 10 parts) and consist for example of segments which complement each other to form a complete permanent feed. The permanent lining of the soil is then installed in the pan and then laid the wear lining on the permanent feed.

Die dreidimensionale Form des Dauerfutters ist wichtig, weil sie vorgibt, wie die OberflƤchenstruktur des VerschleiƟfutters ist. Die OberflƤchenstruktur des VerschleiƟfutters ist wichtig, weil diese OberflƤche Kontakt zur Schmelze hat und um mƶglichst viel Schmelze in guter QualitƤt durch den Ausguss ableiten zu kƶnnen.The three-dimensional shape of the permanent lining is important because it dictates what the surface texture of the wear lining is. The surface structure of the wear lining is important because this surface has contact with the melt and to be able to derive as much melt in good quality through the spout.

Das Dauerfutter kann zusƤtzlich verschiedene Auf- oder Einbauten aufweisen, zum Beispiel:

  • Einen Aufbau zur Ausbildung eines Prallbereichs (einer Prallplatte, englisch: impact pad) fĆ¼r die Schmelze
  • Eine Stufe zum AbflieƟen der Schmelze
  • Eine Vertiefung zum Einbau eines GasspĆ¼lsteins (englisch: gas purging plug), eines Lochsteins (englisch: well block) oder dergleichen,
  • Eine wannenartige Vertiefung
  • Eine nach oben weisende Wand zur Ausbildung eines Damms (englisch: weir)
The permanent feed may additionally have various structures or installations, for example:
  • A structure for forming a baffle region (an impact pad) for the melt
  • A stage to drain the melt
  • A recess for installing a gas purging plug (English: gas purging plug), a block (English: well block) or the like,
  • A trough-like depression
  • An upward wall for the formation of a dam (English: weir)

Das VerschleiƟfutter Ć¼bernimmt diese Formen unmittelbar, wie vorstehend erlƤutert.The wear lining takes over these forms directly, as explained above.

Die OberflƤche des Dauerfutters und damit die korrespondierende OberflƤche des VerschleiƟfutters kann vollflƤchig oder teilweise geneigt sein. Die maximale Neigung liegt Ć¼blicherweise bei 45Ā° zur Horizontalen, mit oberen mƶglichen Grenzwerten bei 30Ā°, 25Ā°, 20Ā°, 15Ā° oder 10Ā° und mƶglichen unteren Grenzwerten bei 1,5Ā°, 2Ā°, 3Ā°, 4Ā°, 5Ā° oder 8Ā°.The surface of the permanent lining and thus the corresponding surface of the wear lining can be fully or partially inclined. The maximum slope is usually 45 Ā° to the horizontal, with upper possible limits at 30 Ā°, 25 Ā°, 20 Ā°, 15 Ā° or 10 Ā° and possible lower limits at 1.5 Ā°, 2 Ā°, 3 Ā°, 4 Ā°, 5 Ā° or 8 Ā°.

Nach einer AusfĆ¼hrungsform ist die OberflƤche des Dauerfutters, die dem VerschleiƟfutter benachbart ist, zumindest abschnittweise gegenĆ¼ber der Horizontalen um 2Ā° bis 25Ā° geneigt ist. Abschnitte in der NƤhe der Ausgussƶffnung (des Abstichs) kƶnnen eine grĆ¶ĆŸere Neigung aufweisen als Abschnitte im Wandbereich des metallurgischen GefƤƟes.According to one embodiment, the surface of the permanent lining, which is adjacent to the wear lining, is inclined at least in sections relative to the horizontal by 2 Ā° to 25 Ā°. Sections near the spout opening (tapping) may have a greater incline than sections in the wall region of the metallurgical vessel.

Die OberflƤchenform des VerschleiƟfutters entspricht umso mehr der OberflƤchenform des Dauerfutters, wenn folgende Parameter zumindest einzeln, besser in Kombination, berĆ¼cksichtigt werden:

  • mindestens 75% der Vollziegel des VerschleiƟfutters sind einlagig verlegt. Eine hƶhere Ɯbereinstimmung wird erreicht, wenn der Wert >80%, >85%, >90% oder sogar >95% betrƤgt.
  • mindestens 60%, besser mindestens 65%, 70%, 75% oder 80% der Vollziegel des VerschleiƟfutters sind baugleich. Die ParallelitƤt zwischen den OberflƤchen des Dauerfutters und des VerschleiƟfutters wird optimiert, wenn mehr als 85%, beispielsweise >90% oder >95% der Steine (englisch: bricks) des VerschleiƟfutters baugleich sind.
  • Die Steine des VerschleiƟfutters werden Ć¼berwiegend (>80%, >85%,>90%, >95%) in gleicher Orientierung oder in einem einheitlichen Muster (english "pattern"), beispielsweise "FischgrƤtmuster" verlegt
The surface shape of the wear lining corresponds all the more to the surface shape of the permanent lining, if the following parameters are considered at least individually, better in combination:
  • At least 75% of the solid bricks of the wear lining are laid in one layer. A higher match is achieved if the value is>80%,>85%,> 90% or even> 95%.
  • at least 60%, better at least 65%, 70%, 75% or 80% of the bricks of the wear lining are identical. The parallelism between the surfaces of the permanent lining and the wear lining becomes optimized if more than 85%, for example> 90% or> 95% of the bricks of the wear lining are identical.
  • The stones of the wear lining are mainly laid (>80%,>85%,>90%,> 95%) in the same orientation or in a uniform pattern (English "pattern"), for example "herringbone pattern"

Die Erfindung ermƶglicht es, die Vollziegel des VerschleiƟfutters zumindest teilweise als vorkonfektionierte Segmente aus jeweils mehreren Vollziegeln einzusetzen. Dadurch kƶnnen Reparaturarbeiten vereinfacht werden.The invention makes it possible to use the solid bricks of the wear lining at least partially as prefabricated segments of a plurality of solid bricks. This can simplify repair work.

Wie ausgefĆ¼hrt ist die Geometrie der Steine nicht entscheidend. Es lassen sich aber besonders einfach Bƶden herstellen, deren VerschleiƟfutter zu mindestens 70M.-% oder mindestens 75M.-% aus Vollziegeln besteht, die in einer Aufsicht ein dreieckiges, rechteckiges oder polygonales Profil aufweisen.As stated, the geometry of the stones is not critical. But it is particularly easy to produce floors whose wear lining consists of at least 70M .-% or at least 75M .-% of solid bricks, which have a triangular, rectangular or polygonal profile in a plan view.

Nach einer weiteren Variante besteht das VerschleiƟfutter zu mindestens 80M.-% aus Vollziegeln, die ihre grĆ¶ĆŸte LƤngserstreckung in vertikaler Richtung haben.According to another variant, the wear lining consists of at least 80M .-% of solid bricks, which have their greatest longitudinal extent in the vertical direction.

GrundsƤtzlich kƶnnen die Steine der VerschleiƟschicht aus jedem feuerfesten Material hergestellt werden, beispielsweise aus mindestens einem Werkstoff der folgenden Gruppe : Magnesia (MgO), Alumina (Al2O3), Magnesia-Carbon (MgO-C), Doloma (MgO-CaO), Magnesia-Chromit (MgO-Cr2O3), TiO2.In principle, the bricks of the wear layer can be made of any refractory material, for example of at least one material of the following group: magnesia (MgO), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), magnesia-carbon (MgO-C), doloma (MgO-CaO) , Magnesia chromite (MgO-Cr 2 O 3 ), TiO 2 .

Bei der Pfanne mit rundem Innenquerschnitt und quaderfƶrmigen Steinen fĆ¼r das Dauer-.oder VerschleiƟfutter ergeben sich zwangslƤufig Zwickel zwischen Boden und Wand. Analoge Zwickel kƶnnen beispielsweise entstehen

  • zwischen den Vollziegeln,
  • zwischen den Vollziegeln und dem Dauerfutter,
  • zwischen den Vollziegeln und einem separaten Bauteil im Boden
In the pan with a round inner cross-section and cuboidal stones for the Dauer-. Or wear lining inevitably arise gusset between the floor and wall. For example, analogous gussets can arise
  • between the solid bricks,
  • between the solid bricks and the permanent feed,
  • between the solid bricks and a separate component in the ground

Diese Zwickel kƶnnen mit einer feuerfesten keramischen Masse ausgefĆ¼llt werden. Die Applikation kann von Hand oder automatisch, beispielsweise durch Stampfen, Spritzen, GieƟen oder Verfugen erfolgen.These gussets can be filled with a refractory ceramic mass. The application can be done manually or automatically, for example by pounding, spraying, pouring or grouting.

Um Fugen zwischen benachbarten Vollziegeln (Steinen) des VerschleiƟfutters zu vermeiden sieht eine Variante der Erfindung Folgendes vor: Vollziegel, die auf einer OberflƤche des Dauerfutters liegen, die gegenĆ¼ber der Horizontalen um mindestens 1,5Ā° geneigt ist, werden beispielsweise stufenartig versetzt angeordnet, wie in der Figurenbeschreibung dargestellt (sofern keine flƤchige Auflage mƶglich ist).To avoid joints between adjacent solid bricks (bricks) of the wear lining, a variant of the invention provides the following: solid tiles, which lie on a surface of the permanent lining, which is inclined relative to the horizontal by at least 1.5 Ā°, are arranged, for example staggered, such shown in the figure description (if no flat edition is possible).

Die Erfindung bietet folgende Vorteile gegenĆ¼ber dem Stand der Technik:

  • fĆ¼r das VerschleiƟfutter kƶnnen beliebige feuerfeste Sorten verwendet werden
  • fĆ¼r ein monolithisches Dauerfutter sind Massen sinnvoll die eine gute Festigkeit und HydratationsbestƤndigkeit aufweisen, beispielsweise Alumina-Massen
  • die Montagezeit des Bodens ist kurz, weil das Dauerfutter, das nicht erneuert wird, bereits die Form der OberflƤche des fertigen Bodens definiert
  • die Montage des Dauerfutters als Fertigbauteil optimiert die Montage der gesamten Bodenzustellung
  • Fehler bei der Montage sind weitgehend ausgeschlossen, da das Dauerfutter unverƤndert bleibt
  • Die Verlegung der Steine der VerschleiƟschicht ist einfach, Fehler bei der Auswahl der Formate oder Positionierung der Steine werden minimiert
  • Es lassen sich auch komplexe Bodenformen herstellen
  • Einbauten und Aufbauten kƶnnen einfach integriert werden
  • Das Dauerfutter ist nicht in Kontakt mit der Schmelze; dadurch wird seine Gebrauchsdauer (englisch: service time) zusƤtzlich erhƶht, auch wenn minderwertigere feuerfeste Materialien verwendet werden. Das Profil des Dauerfutters bleibt dauerhaft erhalten.
  • WƤhrend des Abstichs muss das GefƤƟ nur wenig gekippt werden
  • Der Verbrauch an Feuerfestmaterial wird reduziert.
The invention offers the following advantages over the prior art:
  • Any number of refractory grades can be used for the wear lining
  • For a monolithic permanent food masses are useful which have good strength and hydration resistance, for example, alumina masses
  • The installation time of the soil is short, because the permanent food, which is not renewed, already defines the shape of the surface of the finished soil
  • the assembly of the permanent feed as prefabricated component optimizes the assembly of the entire floor feed
  • Mistakes during assembly are largely excluded because the permanent food remains unchanged
  • The laying of the stones of the wearing course is simple, mistakes in the choice of the formats or positioning of the stones are minimized
  • It can also produce complex soil forms
  • Built-in components and superstructures can be easily integrated
  • The permanent feed is not in contact with the melt; This additionally increases its service life, even if inferior refractory materials are used. The profile of the permanent food is permanently preserved.
  • During tapping, the vessel only needs to be tilted slightly
  • The consumption of refractory material is reduced.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der UnteransprĆ¼che sowie den weiteren Anmeldungsunterlagen. Dabei kƶnnen einzelne Merkmale auch in anderen Kombinationen verwendet werden, sofern nicht ausdrĆ¼cklich ausgeschlossen oder technisch unsinnig.Further features of the invention will become apparent from the features of the claims and the other application documents. Here are individual Characteristics may also be used in other combinations, unless expressly excluded or technically nonsensical.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand verschiedener AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiele nƤher beschreiben. Die Figuren zeigen - jeweils in stark schematisierter Darstellung - Folgendes

Fig. 1:
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemƤƟen Bodens einer StahlgieƟ-Pfanne in Explosionsdarstellung (Fig. 1a, b) und nach Zusammenbau (Fig. 1 c)
Fig. 2:
einen Teil-Querschnitt durch einen ersten Abschnitt des Bodens
Fig. 3:
einen Teil-Querschnitt durch einen zweiten Abschnitt des Bodens
Fig. 4:
einen Teil-Querschnitt durch einen dritten Abschnitt des Bodens
Fig. 5:
einen Teil-Querschnitt durch einen vierten Abschnitt des Bodens
Fig. 6:
einen Querschnitt durch eine Pfanne mit dem Boden analog Fig. 1
The invention will be described below with reference to various embodiments. The figures show - each in a highly schematic representation - the following
Fig. 1:
a perspective view of a floor according to the invention a StahlgieƟ pan in an exploded view ( Fig. 1a, b ) and after assembly ( Fig. 1 c)
Fig. 2:
a partial cross-section through a first portion of the floor
3:
a partial cross section through a second portion of the soil
4:
a partial cross-section through a third section of the soil
Fig. 5:
a partial cross-section through a fourth section of the floor
Fig. 6:
a cross section through a pan with the bottom analog Fig. 1

In den Figuren sind gleiche oder gleichwirkende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Dabei wird der Aufbau beschrieben, wenn die Pfanne exakt vertikal ausgerichtet ist.In the figures, identical or equivalent components are provided with the same reference numerals. The structure is described when the pan is aligned exactly vertically.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Boden mit zwei Schichten, nƤmlich einer unteren Schicht 10 und einer darauf angeordneten oberen Schicht 20. Beide sind in der Aufsicht etwa kreisrund. FIG. 1 shows a bottom with two layers, namely a lower layer 10 and an upper layer 20 arranged thereon. Both are approximately circular in plan view.

Die untere Schicht 10 ist als Dauerfutter ausgefĆ¼hrt und besteht aus einer feuerfesten keramischen Masse auf Basis Alumina. Das Dauerfutter 10 ist komplett als ein Fertigbauteil ausgefĆ¼hrt und weist eine horizontale untere FlƤche 10u und eine dreidimensional gestaltete obere OberflƤche 10o auf. Die OberflƤche 10o hat folgende Bereiche:

  • etwa in der Mitte eine erste Stufe 13
  • im linken oberen Drittel eine erhƶhte PrallflƤche 14
  • alle Bereiche der OberflƤche 10o sind um ca. 3Ā° geneigt zur Horizontalen - mit GefƤlle in Richtung eines Ausgusses 30.
The lower layer 10 is designed as a permanent lining and consists of a refractory ceramic mass based on alumina. The permanent lining 10 is made entirely as a prefabricated part and has a horizontal lower surface 10u and a three-dimensionally shaped upper surface 10o. The surface 10o has the following areas:
  • approximately in the middle of a first stage 13th
  • in the upper left third an increased baffle 14th
  • all areas of the surface 10o are inclined by about 3 Ā° to the horizontal - with a slope in the direction of a spout 30th

Die obere Schicht 20, also die VerschleiƟschicht, besteht ganz Ć¼berwiegend (zu >80M.-%) aus quaderfƶrmigen feuerfesten Steinen 21 gleicher GrĆ¶ĆŸe in gleichartiger Verlegung, ausgenommen im Bereich des Ausgusses 30.The upper layer 20, ie the wear layer, consists predominantly (to> 80M .-%) of cuboid refractory bricks 21 of the same size in a similar installation, except in the region of the spout 30th

Dadurch ergibt sich, dass die Geometrie der Unterseite 20u und der Oberseite 20o der VerschleiƟschicht 20 weitestgehend der geometrischen Vorgabe der Oberseite 10o des Dauerfutter 10 folgt.This results in that the geometry of the underside 20u and the upper side 20o of the wear layer 20 largely follows the geometric specification of the upper side 10o of the permanent lining 10.

Unterschiede ergeben sich allenfalls dadurch, dass die Steine 21 (Vollziegel) zum Beispiel im Bereich der Stufe 13 (Neigung: ca. 90Ā°) etwas seitlich versetzt sind, wie Figur 2 zeigt. Der dadurch gebildete Raum 23 zwischen Oberseite 10o des Dauerfutters und der Unterseite 20u des Steines 21.1 ist mit einer feuerfesten Masse auf Basis Alumina ausgefĆ¼llt.Differences arise at most by the fact that the stones 21 (solid brick), for example, in the area of the stage 13 (inclination: about 90 Ā°) are slightly offset laterally, such as FIG. 2 shows. The thus formed space 23 between top 10o of the permanent lining and the bottom 20u of the stone 21.1 is filled with a refractory mass based on alumina.

Dies gilt analog fĆ¼r Stufen in FlƤchen mit einer Neigung von beispielsweise 25Ā° (Figur 3) oder die Positionierung der Vollziegel 21 bei aufeinanderfolgenden SchrƤgflƤchen mit unterschiedlicher Neigung (Fig. 4).This applies analogously to steps in areas with a slope of, for example, 25 Ā° ( FIG. 3 ) or the positioning of the solid brick 21 in successive inclined surfaces with different inclination ( Fig. 4 ).

Fig. 5 zeigt eine AusfĆ¼hrungsform, bei der die planaren SchrƤgflƤchen der Figuren 3,4 durch eine treppenartige Kontur ersetzt sind die insgesamt jedoch - technisch betrachtet - eine Neigung Ƥhnlich wie in Figur 3 ergibt. Insoweit umfasst der Begriff "SchrƤgflƤche" technisch betrachtet auch AusfĆ¼hrungsformen mit entsprechenden, aufeinanderfolgenden kleinen Stufen 13 (Fig. 5). Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the planar inclined surfaces of the Figures 3 . 4 replaced by a staircase-like contour, however, the total - technically speaking - a slope similar to in FIG. 3 results. In that regard, the term "inclined surface" technically also includes embodiments with corresponding, successive small steps 13 (FIG. Fig. 5 ).

Wie die Figuren 1 und 6 zeigen bestehen auch Zwickel Z zwischen Steinen 21 und einer benachbarten gekrĆ¼mmten GefƤƟwand 52 einer StahlgieƟ-Pfanne 50. Diese Bereich werden ebenfalls mit einer monolithischen feuerfesten Masse ausgefĆ¼llt.As the FIGS. 1 and 6 gussets Z also exist between bricks 21 and an adjacent curved vessel wall 52 of a cast steel ladle 50. These areas are also filled with a monolithic refractory mass.

Bei einem erfindungsgemƤƟen Boden wird nur das VerschleiƟfutter 20 ausgetauscht. Dazu werden die Steine 21 und etwaige sonstige Bestandteile des VerschleiƟfutters 20 abgebaut. Das Dauerfutter 10 bleibt unverƤndert. Die neue VerschleiƟschicht 20 wird also wieder auf die vorhandene Geometrie des Dauerfutters 10 aufgebaut, so dass das die Oberseite 20o des VerschleiƟfutters 20 wiederum der OberflƤchengeometrie des Dauerfutters 10 entspricht.In a floor according to the invention, only the wear lining 20 is replaced. For this purpose, the stones 21 and any other components of the wear lining 20 are degraded. The permanent feed 10 remains unchanged. The new wear layer 20 is thus built up again on the existing geometry of the permanent lining 10, so that the top 20o of the wear lining 20 in turn corresponds to the surface geometry of the permanent lining 10.

Damit ist eine einfache, schnelle und preiswerte Reparaturmƶglichkeit gegeben, wobei die 3-dimensionale Gestaltung automatisch durch das unverƤnderte Dauerfutter 10 bestimmt ist.For a simple, quick and inexpensive repair option is given, the 3-dimensional design is automatically determined by the unchanged permanent lining 10.

Claims (13)

  1. Fireproof ceramic base in the connection area to at least one wall (52) of a vessel (50) for the treatment of a high temperature melt, with the following characteristics:
    a) the base features at least two layers (10, 20), namely
    b) a lower layer made of a fireproof ceramic permanent lining (10) with at least one step (13), and
    c) an upper layer made of a fireproof ceramic wear lining (20), wherein
    d) the permanent fining (10) features a surface (10o) which is adjacent to the wear lining (20), which is sloped by at least 1 Ā° compared to the horizontal,
    e) this surface (10o) features a three dimensional design, and
    f) the wear lining (20) consists to at least 60M.-% of fireproof ceramic solid bricks (21),
    g) the permanent lining (10) and the wear lining (20) feature at least one inconsistency for the integration of at least one common discharge opening (30) for the high temperature melt.
  2. Base according to claim 1, whose permanent lining (10) mainly consists of at least one monolithic fireproof mass.
  3. Base according to claim 1, whose permanent lining (10) is a premade element which has been made out of at least one monolithic fireproof mass.
  4. Base according to claim 1, wherein the surface (10o) of the permanent lining (10), which is adjacent to the wear lining (20) is, at least in segments, sloped by 2Ā° to 25Ā° compared to the horizontal.
  5. Base according to claim 1 with at least one separate element (14, 30) which is built into the permanent lining (10) and the wear lining (20).
  6. Base according to claim 1, wherein at least 75% of the solid bricks (21) of the wear lining (20) are laid in a single layer.
  7. Base according to claim 1, wherein at least 60% of the solid bricks (21) of the wear lining (20) are identical.
  8. Base according to claim 1, wherein the solid bricks (21) of the wear lining (20) are at least partially arranged as pre-assembled segments consisting of multiple solid bricks.
  9. Base according to claim 1, whose wear lining (20) consists of at least 70M.-% solid bricks, which feature a triangular, rectangular or polygonal profile in the top view (plan view).
  10. Base according to claim 1, whose wear lining (20) consists of at least 80M.-% solid bricks (21), which have their largest extension in a vertical direction.
  11. Base according to claim 1, wherein the solid bricks (21) of the wear lining (20) consist of at least one material of the following group: Magnesia, Alumina, Magnesia-Carbon, Doloma, Magnesia-Chromite.
  12. Base according to claim 1 or 5, wherein pendentives (23)
    - between the solid bricks (21)
    - between the solid bricks (21) and a wall (52) of the vessel (50)
    - between the solid bricks (21) and the permanent lining (10)
    - between solid bricks (21) and a separate element (14, 30) in the base are at least partially filled with a fireproof ceramic mass.
  13. Base according to claim 1, wherein the solid bricks (21) are arranged offset in a step-like manner in the area of a surface (10o) of the permanent lining (10), which is sloped by at least 1.5Ā° compared to the horizontal.
EP13150422.7A 2013-01-07 2013-01-07 Refractory ceramic floor Active EP2752260B9 (en)

Priority Applications (23)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13150422T PL2752260T3 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-01-07 Refractory ceramic floor
ES13150422.7T ES2619977T3 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-01-07 Fireproof ceramic base
SI201330555A SI2752260T1 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-01-07 Refractory ceramic floor
HUE13150422A HUE032636T2 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-01-07 Refractory ceramic floor
EP13150422.7A EP2752260B9 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-01-07 Refractory ceramic floor
UAA201505093A UA113564C2 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-03-12 HOT CERAMIC BOTTOM
JP2015548328A JP2016507715A (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Fireproof ceramic bottom
KR1020157011924A KR20150081284A (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Fireproof ceramic bottom
MX2015005327A MX361111B (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Fireproof ceramic bottom.
PE2015000638A PE20151115A1 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 CERAMIC INCOMBUSTIBLE BASE
CN201380062902.1A CN104903027B (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Refractory base portion
US14/648,140 US9962764B2 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Fireproof ceramic bottom
PCT/EP2013/075299 WO2014106553A1 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Fireproof ceramic bottom
EA201500476A EA028140B1 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Fireproof ceramic bottom
CA2888450A CA2888450C (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 Fireproof ceramic base
BR112015010340-5A BR112015010340B1 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-03 FIRE-PROOF CERAMIC BASE
TW102148403A TWI552817B (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-26 Fireproof ceramic base
ARP130105052A AR094297A1 (en) 2013-01-07 2013-12-27 INCOMBUSTIBLE CERAMIC BASE
IL238355A IL238355B (en) 2013-01-07 2015-04-16 Fireproof ceramic base
CL2015001208A CL2015001208A1 (en) 2013-01-07 2015-05-06 Fireproof ceramic base
ZA2015/03865A ZA201503865B (en) 2013-01-07 2015-05-29 Fireproof ceramic bottom
SA515360534A SA515360534B1 (en) 2013-01-07 2015-06-06 Fireproof ceramic base
US15/871,743 US20180133792A1 (en) 2013-01-07 2018-01-15 Fireproof ceramic bottom

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP2752260A1 EP2752260A1 (en) 2014-07-09
EP2752260B1 EP2752260B1 (en) 2017-02-01
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JP (1) JP2016507715A (en)
KR (1) KR20150081284A (en)
CN (1) CN104903027B (en)
AR (1) AR094297A1 (en)
BR (1) BR112015010340B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2888450C (en)
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WO2014106553A1 (en) 2014-07-10
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BR112015010340B1 (en) 2020-10-06
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CA2888450C (en) 2018-07-03
US20180133792A1 (en) 2018-05-17
PE20151115A1 (en) 2015-08-06
CA2888450A1 (en) 2014-07-10
TWI552817B (en) 2016-10-11
BR112015010340A2 (en) 2017-07-11
KR20150081284A (en) 2015-07-13
PL2752260T3 (en) 2017-07-31
SA515360534B1 (en) 2018-08-02
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SI2752260T1 (en) 2017-03-31
EA028140B1 (en) 2017-10-31

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