Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/40—Thermal components
  • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a solar collector with photovoltaic batteries, which operates as a transducer of solar radiation energy into electric and thermal energy.
• the Polish patent specification No. 203881 presents an integrated photovoltaic module with a solar heat collector consisting of photovoltaic cells embedded inside a transparent cover fixed in the module's frame, a heat exchanger in the form of a water chamber situated between the transparent cover with photovoltaic cells and the adsorption plate embedded in the metal plate of the module's bottom.
• the European patent specification No. PL/EP 1 636 527 presents a solar collector with a rectangular frame, in which an absorber is embedded in the isolation layer, the cover panel is situated above the absorber and slightly separated from it as well as an elastic adhesive sealant layer that fastens together the gap between the cover panel and the absorber and connecting the rim of the cover panel with projections embedded between the side panel of the external frame and the cover panel.
• the Polish application for invention No. P.364190 entitled “The method and system of increasing the efficiency of the hybrid photovoltaic system” presents a solar collector whose photovoltaic modules are located directly on the radiator. The radiator is connected with the liquid-based solar collector, whose working fluid in its return circulation is cooled down after transferring heat and returns to a collector inlet through the radiator.
• the photovoltaic collectors operating as solar energy transducers known from the state of the art have complex structures and their production is time-consuming.
• Known collectors have relatively low energetic efficiencies in converting solar energy into thermal or electric energy.
• the basic disadvantage of the collector described in application P.364190 is the installation of photovoltaic modules directly on the radiator, which significantly hinders energy transfer and the module's replacement in case of eventual mechanical damage or wear.
• the serial form of the radiator coil results in significant flow resistance which intensifies in the collectors' connections, especially since each collector described in application No. P.364190 has only two hydraulic outlets which significantly restricts the interconnection of more than 2-3 collectors.
• the arrangement of photovoltaic modules directly on the radiator leaves a considerable amount of the modules' surface without the possibility of cooling it down.
• the solar collector according to the invention forms a flat, three-dimensional solid of an arbitrary shape, whose whole. upper surface from the external side is filled with numerous silicone cells connected into a photovoltaic module or modules.
• the favourable collector's shape is a flat, three-dimensional 1 element with a rectangular base.
• the solar collector is a transducer of the solar energy into electric and thermal energy.
• the collector contains an electric energy generator and a thermal energy generator. It is a cogeneration device with the possibility of independent operation of each generator.
• the collector has a housing, inside of which the photovoltaic module is embedded.
• the photovoltaic module is embedded directly in the upper absorption surface of the copper plate, or on the laminate plate, which directly adjoins the upper surface of the absorption copper plate with its total bottom surface.
• the absorbing copper plate is embedded in the collector's flat housing.
• the bottom laminate surface is firmly glued to the upper surface of the copper plate by means of a special thermally conductive paste with high thermal conductivity.
• the thermally conductive paste used for gluing is colourless.
• the layer of the thermally conductive paste significantly increases the thermal energy flow from the laminate plate through the copper plate to the medium flowing through the tubular structure.
• the absorber's copper plate is covered from the side of the photovoltaic module's embedment with a highly selective absorber coating that aids the absorber.
• the bottom surface of the copper plate is directly connected with the tubular structure embedded in the upper part of the collector housing.
• the selected meandrical tubular structure allows for obtaining higher temperatures of the heat carrier and its uniform reception from the entire surface of the absorption plate.
• the tubular structure has a tubular compensation system that eliminates the effects of thermal expansion of the tubular structure's collecting pipe that allows connecting from two to over a dozen collectors in one row.
• the significant number of connected collectors improves heat recovery of similar parameters from all collectors, while the tubular compensation system enhances the installation of the collector batteries.
• the upper surface of the tubular structure is soldered with a soft solder to the bottom surface of the copper plate.
• the solder surface significantly increases heat recovery through the tubular structure simultaneously cooling the bottom surface of the photovoltaic module through the copper plate.
• the medium that flows inside the tubular structure is a high-density fluid with high heat recovery and transfer efficiency.
• the fluid is glycol.
• the tubular structure is embedded and covered with a thermal insulation coating.
• the insulation is absent only in the contact point of the solder surface of the tubular structure with the copper plate. All the remaining space inside the collector is filled with this insulation.
• the insulation is made of not less than two layers of mineral wool.
• the bottom surface of the insulation covered directly on the bottom plate of the collector housing is a 50 mm thick layer of compressed mineral wool, tightly arranged on the bottom plate of the collector housing.
• the second upper layer of Unimata Isover mineral wool with a 30 mm thick glass fibre fleece is tightly arranged on the bottom layer of the mineral wool.
• the tubular structure is embedded in the upper insulation layer. The upper surface of this insulation adjoins directly the bottom surface of the copper plate and the soldered tubular structure.
• the operation of the electric energy generator consists in the conversion of solar radiation energy into electric energy.
• Solar rays fall on the surface of photovoltaic modules composed of electrically interconnected silicone cell units located on the laminate plate.
• the solar radiation produces potential difference on each cell of the silicone cell and by means of an appropriate . electric connection in a serial and parallel manner, the potential difference of the required value is transferred outside the module to the DC electric terminals.
• the electric generator energy is directly proportional to the solar radiation level and the module surface.
• the voltage value on the DC electric terminals depends on the number and the appropriate serial and parallel connection of the individual cells of photovoltaic module.
• the obtained electric energy generated in the solar radiation conversion process can be utilised in the so-called autonomous system.
• This system utilising the photovoltaic modules' units of the collector, is composed of a battery unit, charging regulators and DC/AC inverters. This system is able to automatically supply the electric energy receivers. Another function of the electric energy generator is the cooperation system - without automatic functioning - with a national or regional electrical grid. This system, is composed of the photovoltaic modules' unit and DC/AC inverters synchronized with the grid.
• the solar radiation energy transducer has a built-in thermal energy generator. This generator utilizes the thermal energy excess produced during the operation of the electric energy generator.
• the heat energy generator is therefore a radiator of the photovoltaic module surface that simultaneously utilizes the portion of the solar radiation energy not absorbed by the silicone cells of the solar collector.
• the thermal energy generator is a tubular structure arbitrarily arranged on one plane.
• the tubular structure is ,filled with a flowing heat carrier, which is a high-density fluid.
• the tubular structure allows for the transfer of thermal energy recovered from the module surface outside the collector for further utilisation.
• the upper surface of the tubular structure is firmly soldered to the bottom surface of the copper absorption plate, glued with its upper surface by means of a specially modified silicone paste with very high thermal conductivity to the bottom part of the laminate with the embedded photovoltaic module.
• the bottom surface of the module is glued to the absorber with a thermally conductive colourless paste.
• the entire construction of the heat energy generator has a properly selected insulation and is contained in an aluminium housing, enclosed from the bottom surface with an aluminium plate, while the upper surface is composed of a laminate plate with built-in silicone cells of the electric energy generator.
• the insulation of the tubular structure of the heat energy generator is a filler of the space between the bottom plate of the aluminium housing and the bottom surface of the absorption copper plate with the tubular structure soldered to it.
• the upper surface of this insulation adjoins directly the bottom surface of the copper plate and the soldered tubular structure.
• the advantage of the solar collector is a simple structure, easy and quick installation, high energetic and thermal efficiency, the possibility of independent operation of each generator, and the possibility of the termination of the energy transfer process in each case without a negative impact to the device.
• the collector can be constructed on the basis of different photovoltaic module types of different sizes.
• the advantage of the collector resulting from its construction, asic elements and materials used is also its extended lifetime up to 30 years of continuous operation.
• Fig.l presents the cross- section of the solar collector
• Fig.2 shows one of the methods of the tubular structure arrangement inside the collector .
• the photovoltaic module 1 is glued to the absorber 3 by means of the thermally conductive paste 2.
• the tubular structure 4 with the collecting pipe 5 and the stiffening support 9 with the pipe outlet of the temperature sensor 8 is soldered to the bottom surface of the absorber 3.
• the collecting pipe 5 has a bent segment 10 as a compensation.
• the interior of the collector from the internal upper surface 7 of the collector housing to the bottom surface of the absorber 3 is filled with insulation 6.

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• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-07-28 PL PL395788A patent/PL218687B1/pl unknown
• 2012
  • 2012-07-24 UA UAA201401660A patent/UA110846C2/uk unknown
  • 2012-07-24 EP EP12775331.7A patent/EP2737550A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-07-24 WO PCT/PL2012/000056 patent/WO2013015698A2/en active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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