EP2737260A1

EP2737260A1 - Device for storing renewable energy in the form of heat and method for regeneration by trigeneration

Info

Publication number: EP2737260A1
Application number: EP12740943.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jacquis SUZANNE
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-07-26
Filing date: 2012-07-25
Publication date: 2014-06-04
Also published as: FR2978533A1; WO2013014178A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for storing renewable energy in the form of heat, in a specific volume of high thermal inertia stone, i.e. steatite, and to a method for regenerating steam energy by trigeneration heat transfer. Said device consists of a dual-function heat-storing steam generator (6) comprising a plurality of briquettes of stone having high thermal inertia (7) in which heating resistors (8) are accommodated and supplied with power (2). A common storage vessel for heat-transport fluids (5) containing steatite, used to store the sensible heat from the heat-transport fluid from solar panels (3). A common cooling/water- supply manifold (14) enables the nozzles (15) for the controlled spraying of water to be cooled, which supply the heat-storing steam generator with service fluid (23) and by means of the transfer of heat generated by the steam. At 4 bars, the service steam passes through a primary circuit (CP1) to the turbine, and beyond the latter, the secondary circuit (CS2) is activated so as to direct said steam (24) into the heat exchanger expansion tank (43), in order to then be transported via the pipe (47) to the turbines. Three sub-circuits (53, 57, 70) are coupled together, two of said sub-circuits forming a second heat exchanger (53, 57) enabling the water to be reheated for heating, sanitation, and adsorption air-conditioning purposes. The invention is used for storing renewable energy in the form of heat and for regeneration by trigeneration.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for the considerable storage of renewable energies in the form of heat, especially photovoltaic energy, solar thermal, renewable energy. in general and again a restitution process according to the invention in the form of thermal energy and more particularly a method of restitution of said energies in tri-generation.

The present invention relates to a high-temperature storage device, in a large mass volume of stone with high thermal inertia, combining the electricity produced by the photovoltaic panels and the hot water produced by solar thermal sensors within the device and the renewable energies in general, via the public network, with a view to a subsequent restitution of 10 kilowatts to several hundred megawatts, especially during a high demand for electricity consumption, and also to restore the stored energy, in the form heat to produce cold by adsorption and / or absorption, hot water for heating and sanitary and also to preheat the water to power an industrial boiler operating either in electrical energy and / or fossil fuels.

The problem of generating and storing electrical energy remains a recurring problem, and technological change and population growth are increasingly complicating the equation between needs and resources. Compared to existing energy resources, some are polluting and exhaustible, especially fossil energy. Their purchase price are often imposed by the law of the market and are constantly increasing, resulting in constantly increasing expenses.

In the face of such problems, some countries with little or no oil producers find themselves with a deficit trade balance worsening over the years, if compensation solutions are not found. The use of fossil energy also causes serious environmental, health, and environmental problems. especially with regard to greenhouse gas emissions due mainly to C02 emissions. Renewable energy is an undeniable alternative and should be the preferred option to provide a quick response to the current energy equation. The aforementioned energy provides a partial solution to this problem and said energy is attracting more and more interest because it is inexhaustible and free.

Photovoltaic panels convert sunlight into electricity and remain one of these solutions. We also know that they are dependent on the state of the sun, thus making this solution random. The natural elements also affect the profitability of the installation, in addition the climatic effects must be taken into account.

Changes in sunshine tend to position this energy as a source of complementary and intermittent energy because the production of electricity does not always correspond to demand, it is the weak link of this source of energy.

Small installations are well oriented to meet daily energy needs, and the surplus is sold back to the public distribution network. The equipment is dimensioned according to needs and the power is often equivalent from one house to another.

For large installations above 100 kWh, this energy is mainly injected into the public electricity distribution network which is then absorbed by the energy demand via the network. In periods of low consumption, the power plants are forced to slow down electricity production or even be disconnected from the network, thus generating a net loss for the owners of the installations, thus extending the investment returns if no storage system is not planned. Given such a situation, surplus production storage solutions would be absolutely necessary and vital in order to compensate for the needs during periods of high demand, and also to sustain the sector. This problem is more prevalent for regions that are not interconnected. The instantaneous power depends on the number of panels installed and the investment quickly becomes high having an immediate incident on the price of energy. A high investment, that is to say, an electricity production dependent on the sun, the climate, an expensive battery storage system, making electricity of photovoltaic origin a high cost energy with a return of investment to long term.

Different energy production solutions exist where the yields are higher, using in particular the technology of cogeneration and even the tri-generation. However, these solutions still use polluting energies and generate greenhouse gases which are very harmful for the environment and the ozone layer.

The existing storage solutions are electrochemical Ni-Cd, lead and lithium batteries. Batteries, lead, are one of the most controlled and used technologies, which are under two types of electrolytes, liquid or gelled. However, the gelled electrolyte does not accept overvoltages.

The storage on these conventional batteries coupled with the installation is the most used solution for installations in isolated dwellings where the electricity network is not accessible, where the connection cost is affordable or technically unfeasible. This solution is more suitable for small installations, where the storage capacity is limited most of the time to the needs of the user, moreover with a reduced storage at a low voltage of the order of 24 volts to 48 volts, requiring a regular recharge.

Its autonomy is often a few hours further limiting the effectiveness of this solution. Since most electrical appliances operate with higher voltage and AC power, a plurality of batteries and DC / AC voltage conversion equipment are required to achieve this result.

Other more powerful battery storage systems also exist, French Patent Application No. FR 2,732,170 describes another storage method. of photovoltaic high voltage energy with personalized storage. This storage device and method is also based on a battery solution. However, this system allows a stronger energy storage of the order of several kilowatts. As for the previous solution, apart from the possibility of storing higher voltages, the disadvantages remain more or less the same. These battery power storage solutions are by far the most economically favored solution despite a still high acquisition cost.

With the increase in facilities and the excitement of renewable energy, the storage problem remains. Large companies directly concerned by solar energy production have oriented their research and development towards the development of new, more profitable modules but have neglected research on storage solutions. Global energy demand is increasing considerably, and emerging countries are becoming more important new consumers, and existing conventional technologies no longer meet the environmental criteria required for pollution on the planet. The increase in pollution, the exhaustion of resources, favor an orientation towards renewable energies which are photovoltaic, wind and hydro, tidal, swell, flywheel.

French Patent Application No. FR 2 941 574 demonstrates a new storage solution using hydraulic force. The system uses the electrical energy supplied progressively as a function of sunlight, supplying a pump that will pump the water in a container downstream to then fill another container placed at a certain height upstream. With the amount of water stored, the user can use the hydraulic force to operate a turbine coupled to a generator to produce electricity.

The document No. FR 2 927 959 relating to a patent application describes an installation for generating electrical energy from the energy characterized by two systems providing a heat source, so the first is a thermal source generated by sensors. providing a heat transfer fluid heated by the sun coupled to a second heat source wherein said heat transfer fluid is also heated in a storage means containing state change materials. This coolant will be used to carry another fluid called service fluid in this case butane, according to claim 17 of said patent application to a service temperature for operating a turbine to which a generator is coupled to produce the fuel. 'electricity. The risk of using butane as a service fluid does not exempt the system against the risk of explosions.

Compressed air storage is also known. This technology is based on air compression, either in a specially designed enclosure or in an underground storage. Electrical overproduction is used to compress air via a compressor, in order to inject it into a cavity in the basement, for example, and then to reuse it, when the demand for electricity is higher, by operating turbines and then a generator to produce energy and meet the demand.

In another technical field and with reference to the French patent No. FR 2 922 608 which describes a method of storing a large amount of energy in the form of heat in two pressurized enclosures containing porous refractory materials, a chamber of which is high temperature and the other at low temperature, using as heat transfer fluid heated gas in this case argon. The heating of said gas is achieved by the passage of the fluid through hollow refractory materials previously heated by resistors. The fluid flows in pipes from one chamber to another via a compressor and in a closed circuit. During the discharge phase, the heat between the high temperature chamber and the low temperature chamber is converted into mechanical energy by a compressor turbine assembly operating a generator. Such a device requires a large technological deployment and huge storage area also generating a high investment cost and is intended solely for the return of heat to produce electricity.

With regard to energy production through co / tri generation, the energy sources used are gas, fuel oil and biomass. For cogeneration by means of renewable energy the French patent application No. FR 2 727 790 uses Hybrid photovoltaic and thermal solar modules operating in cogeneration of heat and electric energy by heating a gas and by heat exchange can produce energy with maximum thermal efficiency. However, these aforementioned devices do not meet the problems of storing electricity and renewable energy in general with a return of said energies, subsequently, and / or immediately in tri-generation.

It is also known in the state of the art:

PCT Patent Application No. WO 2006/072185 (New World Generation Inc.) relating to the field of energy generation using heat reservoirs for energy plants; and

• PCT Patent Application No. WO 2006/007733 (New World Generation Inc.) which relates to a plant for producing electrical energy.

The storage device and rendering method according to the invention makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks, which consists of storing, in the form of heat at very high temperature, photovoltaic electric energy, solar thermal energy and renewable energies in general. , via the public network, characterized by the use of stone with high thermal inertia, more particularly steatite, or any other thermal inertia stone, as storage means and then to restore it by thermal transfer, by generating steam of water, able to mechanically actuate an expansion turbine coupled in fine to a generator to produce electricity, and / or also heat to produce cold by adsorption and / or absorption, hot water for heating and or sanitary and / or also to be able to preheat the water to supply an industrial boiler operating either in electricity and / or the fossil fuels.

For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a device for storing renewable energies in the form of heat and the rendering in the form of steam, making it possible to generate by thermal transfer and by heat exchangers, the tri-generation, characterized by the combination of two sources of energy, electricity photovoltaic panels and hot water des solar thermal collectors. The storage device and restitution method comprising: - means of production of renewable energies.

storage means in the form of heat, photovoltaic origin energies.

a means of storing solar thermal energy.

a storage device for photovoltaic energy before transformation into steam.

a method of restitution in tri-generation, stored energy, in the form of electricity, heat, hot water, and the devices for implementing the method.

a device for storing various heat transfer fluids by the accumulation of sensible heat, in particular the heat transfer fluid derived from solar thermal energy.

- Means for supplying cold water.

- A device for relaxing the high pressure steam.

- means of transport, circulation and automated control of the service fluid.

different heat transfer fluids, means of transport and automatisms.

The invention is characterized by:

a plurality of blocks of stone with high thermal inertia for storing energy, and

a thermally insulated dual function heat storage steam generator, and

a dual function cooling / feeding ramp, and

a common storage tank for heat transfer fluids with dual functions, and

- a triple-function heat exchanger steam expansion tank.

The possibilities of using the various energy sources for storing and returning said energy sources are given as non-limiting examples.

The present invention consists in storing enormous amounts of electrical energy, of photovoltaic origin or of other origins, in the form of high temperature heat, by means of heating resistors, in a mass volume of natural stone of origin. mineral with high thermal inertia steatite and thermal energy solar in the form of sensible heat, hot water, in the same material whose characteristics will be detailed below, and the restitution by using as hot-coolant hot water without phase change and in phase change in the form steam and / or any other fluid and especially air.

The steam, resulting from this heat transfer, is generated by contact of water with the heat stored in the high thermal inertia stone, housed in a dual-purpose generator, more precisely in a steam generator storing heat, and able to mechanically actuate a low-pressure expansion turbine and then a generator to produce electricity.

According to one embodiment, a device for storing electrical energy of photovoltaic origin on the one hand, and hot water of solar thermal origin on the other hand, in the form of heat in a material of origin mineral with high thermal inertia and the restitution process comprising one or more characteristics detailed hereafter one by one or according to technically possible combinations:

A) A plurality of solar photovoltaic and thermal solar panels with high efficiency that allows, firstly to supply electricity to the resistors housed in the block of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia, introduced in situ in a steam generator heat storage unit, and secondly to supply heat transfer fluid a common storage tank for heat transfer fluids, placed downstream where also converts other heat transfer fluids and in which blocks of stone with high thermal inertia are also housed storing as a result, the sensible heat of said coolant.

Alternatively, the use of photovoltaic panels and traditional solar thermal panels can also be considered.

B) The electrical energy coming out of the photovoltaic panels will be sent to a set of hot-air heating elements made of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with a variable power of 0 ° to 1450 °, with a continuous heating capacity of 1300 ° Celsius and having a melting point at 1500 ° Celsius. Resistors will convert electrical energy into heat energy in the form of heat. Alternatively, other models of heating resistors can be used

For storage of thermal energy in the form of heat, it is used a plurality of high thermal inertia stone briquettes, preferably in steatite or any other material having heat storage properties, where the characteristics are close to steatite. These stone briquettes with high thermal inertia are traversed by several cylindrical orifices, arranged against each other and longitudinally to accommodate said heating resistors in the orifices provided for this purpose.

This desire to limit the heating power, a resistance to 1450 °, is depending on the limits of economically available heating materials on the market.

The storage of energy is also related to the size of the heat storage steam generator (s) and the amount of heat to be stored, which can vary from 4 MJ to 40 MJ for small installations of 400 MJ more than 40000 MJ for larger storage facilities. The electrical energy to be stored is in KWh and the storage in the form of heat will be converted into kilojoules or megajoules and in view of the heat capacity of the steatite, which is 3000KJ / m3.C °, the storage capacity in heat is considerable and not limiting, and

- The composition of soapstone is:

Talc from 40 to 50%

Magnesite 40-50%

Chlorite 5-10%, and

- and following characteristics:

Specific mass 2980 kg / m3

25Nm / m2 pressure resistance

Flexural strength

- parallel 16,8 Nm / m2

- Perpendicular 15,7 Nm / m2

Hardness

- after surface treatment 4 Mohs

Dilatation at 500 ° Celsius 0.0017% / ° C

Melting Point 1630 to 1640 "Celsius

Heat capacity

- Voluminal 3000 KJ / m3.

Thermal conductivity 6.4 W / mK The briquettes of stones with high thermal inertia will be of variable shape and size and assembled and then wrapped in a metal sleeve against each other arranged in a steam generator storing heat. Resistors powered by electrical energy, derived from photovoltaic panels, heat by radiation and / or convection and / or conduction and / or electromagnetic induction materials with high thermal inertia storing heat to then transform the water sprayed to the inside of the steam generator to the heat storage steamer or a heat transfer fluid.

The assembly of the briquettes in said sheath forms a block composed of several stone briquettes with high thermal inertia. The stored energy, in the form of heat, represents the temperature T2 between 20 ° to 1200 ° Celsius, and which will also be related to the size of the installation and the power.

C) While the storage of heat transfer fluid, resulting from the solar thermal energy, will be carried out in the form of sensible heat in a mass volume of stones with thermal inertia form, steatite. Said coolant will be stored and stored in a common storage tank, at a temperature between 65 ° to 150 °, waiting for use when the restitution process will be triggered.

D) A common cooling ramp of the controlled water spray nozzles and preheated water supply the heat storage steam generator comprising:

b- a controlled water spray nozzles cooling device characterized by a cold water inlet, from the public network, for cooling, via the common rail, said spray nozzles controlled water. This device makes it possible to maintain at a certain temperature the water spray elements before the energy recovery phase by the heat destocking. The fluid will then be recovered in the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids, and

a- a preheated water spraying device, with a temperature T1 of between 65 ° and 150 ° Celsius, characterized by controllable jet water spraying nozzles equipped with non-return valves for spraying , and gradually, via a high-pressure pump and an automated control system, a steam generator with heat storage, and by transfer heat, will transform said preheated water into steam almost instantaneously. The duration of the preheated water spray should correspond to the steam and / or heat requirements and the amount of energy to be returned. The operation of this device is based on the design of a common cooling / supply rail, representing two circuits in one and with two distinct types of operation, the first for cooling, and the second for supplying preheated water with heat storage steam generator:

a- the first circuit is a cold water cooling circuit, from the public distribution network, equipped with controlled water spray nozzles and non-return valves, coupled with a low pressure pump, to cool controlled water spray nozzles during the energy storage phase. This coolant coolant fluid for the occasion, by contact with the heated nozzles during the heat storage phase, will then be stored in a common tank for storage of heat transfer fluids, and

b- the second circuit allows the supply of preheated water, said operating fluid, at high pressure the steam generator storing heat. This preheated water, from the common tank for storage of heat transfer fluids, will be the result of mixing the various heat transfer fluids at a temperature T1 between 65 ° and 150 ° Celsius.

The use of this power system allows to have a huge energy saving because it is easier and economical to transform a mass of a liter of water divided into several milliliters (droplets) of water preheated steam , than to transform a homogeneous mass of one liter preheated water into steam. The gain will then be in duration, in energy, and thus the efficiency of the system will be increased.

For this, it is equipped with a high-pressure pump and a solenoid valve with electromagnetic control and non-return valve, giving an accurate circulation of the fluid. These devices, installed upstream of the primary supply circuit of the heat storage steam generator, make it possible to spray the preheated water to a pressure greater than the pressure within the heat storage steam generator. This water from the common coolant storage tank feeds the heat storage steam generator to produce steam. Another low-pressure pump and an electromagnetic solenoid valve, installed this time on the cold water supply circuit upstream of the controlled water spray nozzles, bring the cold water to the inside. of said ramp and then emerges from the other end of said ramp by cooling said controlled water spray nozzles in the passage, thereby re-injecting said cooling fluid, which for the occasion has become another heat transfer fluid, into the common storage tank of heat transfer fluid. This cycle, of cooling then of feeding, is doubly advantageous because it allows on the one hand, the cooling of the ramp in which nozzles are installed in situ, and on the other hand, to participate in the constitution of the stock of fluids coolant by calorie recovery. E) The storage device for renewable energy in the form of heat and the method of restitution is based on a model of thermally insulated dual-function heat storage steam generator, whose first function, explained above, is to store in situ the energy in the form of heat and the second to restore in situ, the heat stored in the form of water vapor by heat transfer.

The conversion of heat to steam and / or sensible heat is carried out in a heat storage steam generator. This device consists of a cylindrical carbon steel enclosure or a high strength alloy forming the outer wall and highly thermally insulated.

The preheated water supply, at temperature T1, will be carried out by a high-pressure controlled water spray nozzle system, via the common cooling / supply manifold, the functionality of which has been described above.

Said heat generating vapor generating chamber comprises openings through which a plurality of sleeves is positioned horizontally and spaced apart. Said sleeves are machined in the form of a tube, of different geometrical shapes, will be of the same material as the material used to manufacture said heat storage steam generator and then welded to its inner and outer wall. One of the ends of said sleeves, are welded to the inner wall of said heat storage steam generator, and the other end through the opposite wall, is integrally welded to the assembly, for receiving blocks of stone briquettes to strong thermal inertia by sliding. The introduction of said blocks of briquettes with high thermal inertia will be by sliding and outside said heat storage steam generator also facilitating maintenance. Alternatively, the steam generator storage heat takes a different form: the introduction of said blocks of briquettes with high thermal inertia can be done in another way.

A spacing is provided between the sleeves and can represent double the size of said sleeves. This space between the sleeves allows free circulation, from top to bottom and through all the sleeves, sensible heat and steam and therefore does not constitute a separation in the steam generator storing heat. Alternatively, the heat storage steam generator may have compartments.

The heat storage steam generator is one of the essential elements of the energy storage device and the restitution process because its role is doubly advantageous, firstly for the storage of energy 12 and secondly for the production of steam, so-called steam service and / or heat.

The amount of heat required to allow vaporization almost immediately, the operating fluid that is at the temperature T1, resulting from the mixture of various heat transfer fluids in the common tank for storage of heat transfer fluids and the heat destocking 12 in the steam generator heat store, correspond to the difference in evaporation enthalpy. That is to say the difference between the temperature T1 and the temperature 12 or (T1 is the temperature of the service fluid) and (T2 is the amount of heat, in temperature, to be destocked necessary for finalize the vaporization from 100 ° Celsius inside the heat storage steam generator).

The variation of vaporization enthalpy, of the change of the liquid state in the gaseous state, of the fluid of the service can represent 10% to 35% of latent heat of vaporization to be punctured directly in the stock of heat contained in the generator of Steam heat storage.

The energy required to transform one liter of water into steam is represented by the formula E = m.Cp.A9 where ΔΘ = amount of vaporization temperature of the water at 100 ° (T2) - ambient water temperature or preheated in the common storage tank for heat transfer fluids (T1), where m is the mass of the water, and Cp is its specific thermal capacity, thus E = m.Cp. (T2 - T1) is obtained.

It is thus the enthalpy of vaporization necessary to bring the water from the liquid state to the gaseous state will be proportional to the temperature of the service fluid thereby determining the efficiency of the system, with a first remark that the system generates a significant return.

The steam transformation of said service fluid requires less energy in T2 than the transformation of a water at ambient temperature.

The overall efficiency of the energy storage device and the method of restitution is also dependent on the choice of expansion turbines operating at low pressure 4 bars. It is found that production can largely compensate for the intermittent side of photovoltaic and renewable energy in general, as the production of steam will be much greater in the sense that storage is performed by two heat sources. Their combinations allow a higher storage rate and a better management of destocking. Advantageously, the design and the presence of the storage tank of heat transfer fluids allow a significant increase in the efficiency of the system in its entirety add to that the solution of spraying, said preheated water called service fluid, in the steam generator storing heat.

F) The system also incorporates a common storage tank heat transfer fluids containing a mixture of heat transfer fluids, with a temperature T1 between 65 ° and 150 ° C, in particular the fluids coming from the solar thermal panels, the cooling ramp, the condenser, but also the heat exchanger and heat exchanger storage tank; also dedicated heat exchangers.

Alternatively, the common storage tank for heat transfer fluids can store heat transfer fluids of various origins for then be used in the aforementioned storage and retrieval device.

This sensitive heat storage device characterized in that blocks consisting of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia are incorporated in said tank and said stone blocks with high thermal inertia are wrapped in waterproof sheaths of the same material as the tank and welded solidly to the inner walls of said storage tank of heat transfer fluids.

Advantageously, this sensitive heat storage device, by blocks consisting of briquettes with high thermal inertia in said tank, is particularly favorable for maintaining the mixture of the different heat transfer fluids at a temperature T1 between 65 ° and 150 ° .

The mixture of different heat transfer fluids generates a single service fluid for supplying preheated water to one or more heat storage steam generators. It should be noted that blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia are not equipped with heating resistors.

The heating of said blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia, will be carried out by heat transfer and by contact with the different heat transfer fluids and is also a solution for storing solar thermal energy.

The heat transfer medium storage tank, insulated, recovers through the collector located in height, the heat transfer fluids of the entire energy storage device and the method of restitution of said stored energy. During the initialization of the energy storage device according to the invention the first heat transfer fluid comes from the entire installation of mixed solar thermal panels. More particularly from the solar thermal part and also from the cooling device of the common cooling and supply ramp of the steam generator (s) storing heat, also various recoveries within the installation, for example condensates.

The various condensates generated during the process of restoring the stored energy come from the heat exchanger expansion tank and also from the two other heat exchangers dedicated to the heating of the hot water and the exchanger for heating the heat transfer fluid. for the production of cold by absorption and / or adsorption. The heat transfer fluid storage tank is a heat-insulated stainless steel enclosure containing a set of high thermal inertia stone block installed inside protective sheaths. Said sleeves are disposed in said enclosure, welded to the inner walls and spaced so as to let the heat transfer fluids circulate and mix freely.

Obviously, the different heat transfer fluids will not all have the same temperature from their different sources. The main role of said heat transfer fluid storage tank is preponderant within the energy storage and return device.

More precisely, the different heat transfer fluids will be amalgamated in situ in said tank in order to obtain a single service fluid, coolant, at the temperature between 65 ° to 150 ° represented in T1. An accumulator disposed upstream between said tank, stores the hot water of the solar thermal panels before being reinjected into the common coolant storage tank.

G) The water supply of the energy storage device and the return is provided by a first device directly supplying solar thermal panels and a second device supplying, via a low pressure pump, the common dual cooling / supply function ramp. H) The operation of the stored energy recovery process is based on two distinct steam circuits, the first CP1 connects the steam generator to the turbines in fine and the second CS2, the steam is passed through a heat exchanger storage tank placed downstream of the heat storage steam generator and upstream of the turbines. Said heat exchanger storage tank makes it possible to collect, by means of an automatic pressure regulator, the service steam from the heat storage steam generator when the steam pressure and the temperature are respectively greater than 13 bar and 150 ° Celsius. I) A heat exchanger steam expansion tank, located downstream on the secondary circuit CS2 operating both as a cooling and expansion circuit containing two coil-shaped subcircuits.

The first is used to heat hot water for heating and / or domestic hot water and the second circuit is connected to a heat exchanger cascaded with respect to the heat exchanger storage tank for heating a heat transfer fluid to the production of cold, such as air conditioning by adsorption.

Said heat exchanger reservoir makes it possible to collect, by means of an automatic pressure regulator and the other automatic control components, the steam coming from the steam storage unit (s) when the pressure of said steam and the temperature are respectively greater than 13 bar and 150 ° Celsius. The advantageous role of this device is threefold: firstly to relax the pressure of said vapor, when the use values are higher than the required values, that is to say 4 bars per turbine and 150 ° surroundings. Alternatively, the pressure and the temperature can be adapted to other types of turbines. It is understood that the steam must pass through the heat exchanger expansion tank, via the secondary circuit CS2, to then feed the expansion turbines. It is specified that the tilting of the circulation of said steam from the primary circuit CP1 to the secondary circuit CS2 will be carried out progressively and vice versa by the automatic control devices.

The second advantage is obtained by the use and the presence of steam to heat a fluid, preferably water, which circulates in a closed or open circuit, according to whether it is desired to heat said fluid for heating or domestic hot water or preheating water to supply, upstream, a boiler in preheated water. This circuit, part of which is serpentine, is integrated in situ in the heat exchanger expansion tank. Alternatively, the exchanger may have another function and / or heat another fluid. The third advantage is also to heat a fluid preferably water, which circulates in a closed circuit, a part of said circuit is in a coil and located inside the heat exchanger expansion tank, and the other part in a second heat exchanger, integrated downstream of the device, for then heating a second refrigerant fluid for supplying, as a heat source, a device for producing cold by absorption or adsorption.

As described above, the very configuration of the energy storage and rendering device makes it possible to upgrade the installation to a tri-generation solution according to the invention on the one hand, and on the other hand, to the process put in place. implemented to restore the stored energy.

The fact of combining two solar sources, the photovoltaic and the solar thermal, allows a good control of the destocking of the energy and thus to supplement, by the technical solution of supplying water preheated and by spraying the storage steam generator of heat.

The almost immediate vaporization, of said preheated water, into said heat storage steam generator, allows tri-generation. That is to say: an energy source: the sun generating three energy sources: electricity, water hot for heating and / or hot water and heat for air conditioning by absorption or cold adsorption and / or preheating water to supply a boiler. In addition and according to the heat source requirements of the aforementioned device, a plurality of heat storage steam generators can be coupled in fine.

J) A set of insulated pipes allows the transport of heat transfer fluid, at a temperature between 65 ° to 150 ° Celsius from the solar thermal panels, to the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids.

In addition, the different heat transfer fluids come from the cooling circuit for cooling the controlled spray nozzles, turbines after the expansion of the steam, the condenser and the heat exchangers and the heat exchanger expansion tank and also other sources external to the device.

The connections between the heat storage steam generator, the heat transfer medium storage tank, the turbines, the heat exchanger storage tank and the heat exchanger will be carried out by insulated pipes and also by control devices and automated orders.

The transport of the service steam will be done by pipes, primary CP1 and secondary CS2 lagged, equipped with devices allowing the circulation or not of said steam service during the phase of restitution of the system.

The condensates generated by the heat exchanger expansion tank, turbines and other heat exchangers are then stored in the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids. L) A control device assembly for automating the operation of the heat transfer fluids of the above-mentioned pipe assembly and also the service fluid will comprise:

a- motorized solenoid valves, pressure regulators, pressure and temperature sensors, non-return valves, purges and other control devices. b- A control cabinet allowing via automata the various control elements, water supply of the steam generator with heat storage and the production of electricity via the turbines. When the steam production phase is triggering the heat storage steam generator must empty the air contained in said steam storage steam generator, a purge and an automatic device is provided for this operation. Thus, the service steam actuates an expansion turbine by driving through its axis of rotation a set of electrical generator coupled in fine producing electricity or heat in any form whatsoever.

According to a variant not illustrated in the device and method of the invention, the heat storage steam generator can be both a heat storage device with steam generation, as described above and / or a storage device Heat exchanger heat in situ.

In this case, the device is then equipped with blocks consisting of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia or any material that meets the characteristics of high thermal inertia materials and equipped with heating resistors, and pass through tubes which are arranged inside a central orifice (see Figure 7), in order to heat a fluid preferably water for building heating and hot water use and also to produce steam and / or air drawn.

Advantageously, this device for storing and restoring energy of photovoltaic, solar thermal origin in particular and renewable in general allows adaptability for all types of thermal energy needs and particularly in urban areas because the storage and retrieval device energy is 100% ecological.

Thus, the energy storage device in the form of heat and its recovery according to the invention uses this type and non-limiting storage steam generator of heat that can both produce steam to not only produce electricity but also steam to heat the building and then domestic hot water and / or heat for air conditioning for absorption air conditioning systems and adsorption and / or preheated water for supplying hot water of between 20 ° and 170 ° Celsius, upstream, with a boiler in preheated water, and thus this invention can have a configuration for the recovery of energy in tri generation 100% ecological.

The invention and its advantages will be better understood according to the following description given solely by way of example and without limitation and refers to the following figures in which:

Figure 1 is a representation of the installation according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a variant of FIG. 1 of the installation according to another embodiment of the invention with a second heat storage steam generator connected to the initial device.

FIG. 3 is a variant of FIG. 1 and 2 of the installation according to another most advantageous embodiment of the invention combining two heat exchangers for tri-generation energy recovery.

Figure 4 is a sectional representation and a front view of a stone briquette with high thermal inertia steatite with orifices for housing the resistors according to the invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional representation and a front view of a stone briquette with high thermal inertia, steatite with orifices for housing the resistors, and a steel tube for the passage of a heat transfer fluid according to FIG. invention.

Figure 6 is a sectional representation and a front view of the heat storage steam generator with the positioning of the sleeves containing the stone briquettes with high thermal inertia steatite and also the positioning of said briquettes forming a block.

Figure 7 is a variant shows in section and a front view of the heat storage steam generator with the positioning of the sleeves containing the stone briquettes with high thermal inertia steatite with the resistances at the ends and the tube at its center.

FIG. 8 is a representation in section and a front view of the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids with the positioning of the compartments containing the blocks of stone with high thermal inertia and also the positioning of said blocks and also the arrival and departure of heat transfer fluids.

In FIG. 1, a device for storing electricity of photovoltaic origin and solar thermal energy characterized by the following elements:

A solar source installation represented by mixed panels 1 composed of photovoltaic panels 2 for electricity and solar thermal panels 3 for the production of hot water and a source of cold water 4 for supplying the cooling water circuit 17 which through a pipe 19 is connected to the common coolant storage tank 5 and a steam generating means 6. The set of photovoltaic panels is connected to the heat storage device by electric cables 1 a.

The initialization steps of the system begin first by a supply of water by the cold water inlet 4a to supply the solar thermal panels 3, secondly by the cold water inlet 4, supplying the cooling ramp 14, and thirdly by activating the photovoltaic panels 2 in order to supply energy to the resistors 8 housed in the high thermal inertia stone blocks 7, situated within the heat storage steam generator, to start the storage operation of energy.

During the energy storage phase, the photovoltaic panels 2 supply energy to the thermal inertia blocks 7 thereby supplying the resistors 8 inserted into the blocks of high thermal mass 7. During this storage phase the various blocks of stone with high thermal inertia 7 and resistors 8 are fed by temperature gradient, in order to balance the load and avoid any risk of excessive expansion of the sheaths 1 1, containing blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia 7 housed horizontally, through into the heat storage steam generator 6. The control cabinet 12 makes it possible to control the different stages of energy storage.

The storage period corresponds to the amount of energy produced by the set of mixed panels 2 that compose the installation, when the public network can no longer absorb because of too much production and also when one wishes to defer the energy production.

The amount of heat stored in the blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia 7 is included with a minimum of 20 ° to more than 1200 ° Celsius.

This voluntary limit of 1200 ° of stored heat is in function of the limits of economically available heating materials on the market. The storage is also a function of the sizing of the heat storage steam generator, which can vary from 4 MJ to over 40 MJ for small installations, 400 MJ or more than 40000 MJ for larger installations.

Advantageously, this device for storing and restoring energy of photovoltaic origin, solar thermal in particular and renewable in general allows adaptability for all types of need.

During this storage period, the heat has accumulated throughout the heat storage steam generator enclosure 6, a ramp 14 located above and to the sides of the heat storage steam generator 6 can cool said ramp 14 equipped with controlled spray nozzles 15 introduced halfway into the orifices made in the wall of the heat storage steam generator 6 and then fixed integrally by a suitable fixing device. The controlled water spray nozzles 15 are equipped with ball check valves 16. The cooling ramp 14 firstly makes it possible to cool the controlled water spray nozzles 15, the cooling is done through the circuit 17, where the cold water 18 arrives via the public network and then discharged through the pipe 19 to the common storage tank 5 heat transfer fluid. The circulation of the cooling fluid is effected by a pump 20 located upstream of the coolant transport circuit. During the cooling phase of the controlled water spray nozzles 15, said cooling fluid becomes a heat transfer fluid 18, by contact with the controlled spray nozzles 15, of the cooling ramp 14. This heating is the result of the Fourier law because the elements such as the heat storage steam generator 6, the sheaths 1 1, the blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia and the controlled water spray nozzles form a set where the heat is communicative, since the device converts electricity from photovoltaic panels 2 into stored heat.

The temperature will depend on the storage time and the amount of energy to be stored. The coolant 18 is discharged to the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids 5, for later use to supply the heat storage steam generator 6 during the steam production phase.

It is well understood that the common storage tank for heat transfer fluids 5 is a device in which the different fluids that have become heat transfer fluids converge and mix in order to obtain a service fluid 23 whose temperature will be between 65 ° and 95 ° C. .

The heat transfer fluid 3b stored in the accumulator 3a from the high-efficiency solar thermal panels 3 of the mixed solar panel system 1 is also stored in the common storage tank for heat transfer fluids 5. This heat transfer fluid 3a of temperature between 65 ° to 75 ° Celsius will be mixed in the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids 5 with the fluid 18a from the cooling circuit of the ramp 14, which has for the circumstance become a coolant in order to obtain a heat transfer fluid 23, ready to be sprayed in a heat storage steam generator 6. The mixture of the heat transfer fluid 3a, 18a in the common storage tank for heat transfer fluids 5 makes it possible to obtain another service fluid 23 of temperature between 65 ° and 95 °. The use of this fluid, said service fluid 23 makes it possible to obtain an almost immediate evaporation, during the phase loading of the liquid from the liquid state to the gaseous state, in the heat storage steam generator 6, of said operating fluid 23, also to avoid a large temperature difference, during said phase change. The combination of several heat transfer fluid sources 3a, 18a, as a first step, makes it possible to optimize the overall efficiency of the installation during the energy recovery, because when spraying the service fluid 23 into the heat storage steam generator 6.

The additional heat requirement for the change of phase from the gaseous state of the liquid of said service fluid 23 represents 10 to 35% punctured in this case, directly into the heat storage steam generator 6. note that this solution to use mixed solar panels 1 combining photovoltaic and solar thermal advantageously allows to rationalize the space required for installation of solar panels on the one hand, and on the other hand, to increase the yield of solar panels. combining the two energy sources, thus considerably increasing the yield.

The next step describes the operation of the device, in its production steam production phase by restoring the energy.

This phase of energy production and return is triggered when the public network can no longer provide energy to all consumers at the right time.

As described above, during the energy storage phase, the electricity of the photovoltaic panels 2 is sent directly into the blocks of high thermal inertia briquettes 7 steatite through the heating resistors 8, so the duration of storage depends on the size of the installation.

The cooling fluid 18, which circulates in the ramp 14 is stopped by the solenoid valve 22, the low pressure pump 20 is deactivated, via the control panel 12. The solenoid valve 25 is activated releasing the service fluid 23 from the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids 5, the high pressure pump 25 conveys said operating fluid 23 through the transport circuit 26 to the ramp 14.

The cooling ramp 14 is used both as a cooling ramp and also as a ramp to feed the storage steam generator. heat 6 in service fluid 23.

The check valves 16a, 16c installed on the circuits 17, 26 control the flow direction of the cooling fluids 18 on the one hand, and on the other hand, the service fluid 23 during the changeover of the storage phase / cooling compared to the phase of destocking / energy production.

It is understood that the service fluid 23 is propelled into the ramp 14 by the high pressure pump 25 and that the pressure must necessarily be greater than the pressure within the heat storage steam generator 6. This service fluid 23 goes to through controlled water spray nozzles 15, equipped with vapor check valves, to the inside of the heat storage steam generator 6 thereby causing almost instantaneous evaporation of the service fluid 23.

This almost instantaneous evaporation is obtained by the heat present in the heat storage steam generator 6. More precisely by the solution of spraying the water into fine droplets, which requires less heat to destock, for the phase change and represented by the formula E = Δθ Τ1 -ΔΘ T2.

This change of state, thereby generates a service steam 24 at a pressure that will be variable with respect to the amount of heat stored in the heat storage steam generator 6, and the amount of water spray and its duration.

At this stage of steam generation, the pressure increases exponentially to a predetermined value in the heat storage steam generator 6.

The check valves 16, installed on each spray nozzles 15, fixedly and sealingly attached to the heat storage steam generator 6 prevent the return of said steam in the cooling / supply circuit of the ramp 14.

It should be noted that the pressure of the operating fluid 23 must be at least one bar higher than the reverse pressure exerted by the pressure in the heat storage steam generator 6 so that the spray system operates properly. At this stage of production of steam and energy, the primary circuit CP1 is biased, the automatic steam flow control device 28a is activated in the open position releasing the steam 24 in the heat-insulating circuit 28. During the spraying of the fluid In the heat storage steam generator 6, the steam generated makes it possible to evacuate the air via the air purge 29. This hot air evacuation process will be automated during the operation of the installation. . The pressure of the steam 24, generated in the heat storage steam generator 6 may be greater than 4 bar, or more depending on the number of turbine in operation, the 28a automatic steam flow control device will adjust said pressure of use, which is 4 bar for each expansion turbine 32. It is understood that the pressure of the steam 24 must be 4 bar and then transported by the pipe 28 to the expansion turbine group 32 ultimately coupled to the generatrices 33, thereby producing electricity which will then be reinjected into the grid or used in isolated buildings in the network. The check valves 30, 30a installed on the pipe 28, 29a control the flow direction of the steam 24, when the secondary circuit CS2 will come into service. The very important role of this retention device is recommended for this type of installation, energy restitution following a storage process, because the pressure within the heat storage steam generator 6, can often be greater than the operating pressure, which shall not be greater than 12 bar to properly operate a power turbine unit.

The heat exchanger condenser 40, installed at the exhaust outlet of the expansion turbine (s), recovers the expanded vapor, whose pressure is zero, and the temperature further enables the heat-exchange fluid 23 located in the reactor to be heated. common storage tank for heat transfer fluids 5.

This device is connected to the common storage tank for heat transfer fluids 5 through line 41 and 41a. The discharge pump 42 is used to pump the fluid contained in the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids 5 in order to condense the expanded steam by the expansion turbines operating in a closed circuit. It is specified that said cooling fluid must be lower in temperature than the temperature of the expanded steam. This cooling fluid will generate a new coolant 41 c. The condensate 40b, resulting from this exchange, will also be fed back to the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids 5 through the pipe 40a and the pump 42a. The above description demonstrates how the heat storage steam generator stores the energy, restores it and then produces steam and also the use of the transport circuit of said steam by the primary circuit CP1 to the turbine (s). (s) relaxation and electrical production. It should be noted that this first mode of operation of the device is a function of the pressure recorded by temperature probes and pressure sensors, not shown, installed on the heat storage steam generator 6.

That is 4 bars for the pressure per turbine. As soon as said pressure increases in the heat storage steam generator 6, the primary circuit cp1 is disconnected from all the expansion turbines, in this case the secondary circuit CS2 is implemented, in order to ensure the production of the electricity.

Thus, the automatic steam flow control device 28a located on the circuit 28, 27, is placed in the closed position gradually stopping the flow of steam 24 in said circuit 28,27. The automatic steam flow control device 28b passes from closed position and open position gradually circulating the steam 24 this time in the secondary circuit CS2. It is important to note that the turbine group may experience a slight slowdown during this tilting phase and it is necessary to properly manage the pressure of the steam in the heat storage steam generator, to always feed the group of turbines in steam. The control of the various control members such as: the high pressure pump 25, for the water flow, the control devices 28, 28b, 47 will be controlled by PLCs found in table 12. This switching of the circulation of the steam 24 of the circuit CP1 to CS2 must be carried out gradually so as not to break suddenly the flow of said steam 24 which is already supplying the turbines. It is specified that the tilting is reversible as a function of the pressure. The pressure must be constant in the pipes to properly maintain the proper functioning of the turbines and the electrical production.

As explained above, the secondary circuit CS2 serves as a safety circuit when the pressure is greater than the operating pressure. Especially during the start of the steam production, because of a very high temperature in the heat storage steam generator 6 of the order of + 20 ° to 1000 °, which corresponds to the energy storage time in the blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia7 steatite, the size of the installation of solar panels 1 and especially the rate of sunshine. Since the device described above is a device proper for storing renewable energies ultimately coupled to a method of producing energy via a source of steam, it is obvious that the heat and the pressure being at the interior of the heat storage steam generator 6, is very important at the time of the steam production during the spraying of the coolant service fluid 23.

Obviously, the pressure will increase considerably, because the need for steam to rotate the group of turbines will necessarily be lower compared to the increase in pressure inside the steam storage steam generator 6.

In this case, said steam is directed towards the heat exchanger expansion tank 43. This tilting is controlled by the general control panel 12. The automatic steam flow control device 28a is actuated to direct the steam 24 towards the heat exchanger expansion tank 43 through the insulated pipe 44. This device makes it possible to relax the pressure of the steam coming from the storage steam generator. heat 6, when said pressure is greater than the operating pressure. It is recalled that the group of expansion turbines operate with an overall pressure of 12 bars, if 3 expansion turbines at 4 bar are coupled.

It will be understood that this steam 24 will be expanded in this device 43 at the pressure necessary for the smooth operation of the expansion turbines 32 and the generatrices 33. To do this, the exchanger vapor expansion tank 43 will be of suitable size and equipped with two sub-units. heat exchanger circuits, not shown, in FIG. FIG. 3 will describe further the intrinsic operation of this energy recovery method in its most advantageous overall configuration. The pressure of the steam 24, expanded, is injected into the pipe 29a by actuating the control device 47 progressively releasing the steam 24 which is then directed towards the group of turbines via the same common pipe 27, 28 downstream of the valve retainer 30 including a tee connector 29b allows the junction.

The steam 24 rotates the turbine ultimately operating the generator group which then produces electricity.

The recovery of the expanded steam from the expansion turbine exhausts follows the same process described above.

Thus, it is well understood that the heat storage steam generator 6 must be able to produce steam at a pressure greater than 4 bar in order to optimally operate the expansion turbine group and the generators by using the primary circuit CP1 and that then the secondary circuit CS2 is biased in the case where the pressure is greater than the setpoint values and, that the passage of said steam 24, through the heat storage expansion tank, is a sine qua non condition.

It is important to note that the tilting of the steam circulation 24circuit SC2 to CP1 must be carried out gradually so as not to break suddenly the flow of said steam 24 which is already supplying the turbine group. The pressure must be constant in the pipes 27, 28, 29a to properly maintain the proper operation of the turbines and the electrical production.

Said toppling will be done only in the case where, the necessary optimum values listed above, are not noted and especially during the destocking of said heat during the process of restitution of energy. The device according to the present invention operates alternately with the two vapor circuits CP1 and CS2 and characterized by the combination of solar panels 1 combined photovoltaic compound 2 and solar thermal 3 which allows, not only to rationalize the surface used to install said panels, also to be able to store the two renewable energy sources, the first in the form of heat, in a heat storage steam generator 6 containing blocks of briquettes with high thermal inertia 7 and the second in the form of a heat transfer fluid 3a , stored in a heat-insulated storage tank 5, also containing stones with high thermal inertia.

The combination of the two sources makes it possible to produce electricity in a timely manner and to obtain a very high return.

Several operating modes are conceivable, such as, for example, coupling several groups of turbines and of several generator groups, in order to directly and completely absorb the pressure within the heat storage steam generator 6, in the case of a generator. increase in the demand of the electrical consumption, which would avoid to relax a portion of steam pressure in the tank heat exchanger steam exchanger 43.

FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment, for which the elements equivalent to the previously described embodiment are marked with identical references.

The present invention also provides a method of restoring energy stored in the form of heat in blocks of stone briquettes with high inertia thermal with a configuration of several storage units characterized by the installation within the process of several heat storage steam generators and at least two and equivalent dimensioning to double the storage. FIG. 2 thus illustrates this configuration with two heat storage steam generators 6 and 6a which are connected to the same cold water supply and cooling circuit 18 via the pipe 60 and by a tee connector 60a for the cooling of the ramp 14a. Regarding the return of the cooling fluid from the ramp 14a of the second heat storage steam generators 6a, said return of the cooling fluid which was used to cool the controlled water spray nozzles 15a became for the circumstance a coolant 19c is transported by the pipe 19a to the pipe 19 to be then conveyed to the common tank for storage of heat transfer fluids 5. The connection of the pipes 19a and 19 will be made by a tee fitting.

The supply of the second heat storage steam generator 6a of operating fluid will be performed by the pipe 26a and by a second high pressure pump 25c. The operation of the two heat storage steam generators 6, 6a can be done individually or by combining the two or, by associating a third heat storage steam generator, not shown, in this figure.

The transport of the service steam 24 to the turbine unit will be effected by the pipe 27a, 28, 28c for the primary circuit CP1 and by the pipe 44a and the control device 28d for the secondary circuit CS2 to the expansion tank heat exchanger 43 to then feed the turbine group through the pipe 29b through the common pipe 27a to connect by a tee connection downstream of the holding valve 30.

The operation of the energy storage device in the form of heat according to the invention with one and / or several storage units always rests on the same process described above. FIG. 3 represents a configuration according to the invention including a heat exchange device directed towards a tri-generation solution and for which the elements equivalent to the embodiment described above are marked with identical references.

It is well understood that the photovoltaic energy storage device 2 and solar thermal 3 in the form of heat is characterized by the storage of energy in the form of high temperature heat in blocks of briquettes with high thermal inertia 7 and that its restitution is done by thermal and mechanical exchange.

According to this configuration, the heat exchanger expansion tank 43 intended to relax the pressure from the heat storage steam generator 6, 6a also makes it possible to heat, by heat exchange, an assembly a system of three sub-circuits of which the first 53, has a coil portion 53a located inside the tank 43, the other part, also coil 53c located in a heat exchanger 55, operating in a closed circuit. A heat transfer fluid 56, preferably organic circulates, driven by the pump 54. The circulation of said heat transfer fluid 56 thus allows the heat exchange of the tank 43 and the heat exchanger 55.

It is well understood that the heat exchange system comprises three sub-circuits, the operation of the first 53 of which has just been explained above, and the second circuit 57, a part of which is in a coil 57a located in the heat exchanger 55, connecting to a heat-adsorption air conditioning device 59, that these two circuits 53 and 57 work together. Said circuit 57 contains a coolant 58.

After having explained above the complete operation of the first and second sub-circuits 53 and 57, the third circuit 70, a part of which is also in a coil 71 also located inside the expansion tank, vapor exchanger 43, allows a fluid to be heated. coolant water 71 a.

The circulation of said fluid 71a first passes through line 72, warms up in the vapor-exchange expansion tank 43 through the coil 71, then exits through the outlet 73 and thereby becomes a coolant intended primarily for building heating and operating in a closed circuit. The pump 74 allows the circulation of the coolant 71 a.

An additional steam supply line 55a, not shown, directly connects the heat exchanger 55 and the heat storage steam generator 6, provides power to said heat exchanger in case the need for heat is important. The control device 55b, composed of a pressure regulator, a solenoid valve installed upstream on the circuit 55a makes it possible to automatically control, via the control panel 12, the circulation or not of a new heat transfer fluid 55d. The pipe 55e makes it possible to recover the condensate in the heat exchanger 55 and then to evacuate it, using the pump 55f towards the condenser 40.

FIG. 4 represents the briquette with high thermal inertia of a few shapes and dimensions, which has orifices 7a of variable diameter in which resistors 7b are housed. The positioning and drilling holes 7a allows a better distribution of heat during the energy storage phase.

The stone briquette with high thermal inertia is pierced by par in order to facilitate the housing of the resistors 7b during the introduction of said briquettes in the sheath January 1. It is specified that the sheath 11 may comprise a number of briquettes in relation to the size of the heat storage steam generator and also the length of said sheath January 1.

A space 1 1 has a few millimeters is observed between the inner wall of the sleeve 1 1 and the outer surface of the briquette to predict the effect of expansion. According to one of the characteristics of soapstone, a dilation of 0.017% is observed at more than 500 ° Celsius.

FIG. 5 represents a variant of FIG. 4 according to the invention including a heat exchange device represented by a central orifice through which a tube is housed and for which the elements equivalent to the embodiment described previously are identified by identical references as the block of briquettes with high thermal inertia of some shapes and dimensions whatsoever, having orifices 7a of variable diameter in which resistors 7b are housed and also a larger diameter orifice 7c in order to let a 7d tube pass.

The positioning and drilling holes 7a allows a better distribution of heat during the energy storage phase. The high thermal inertia briquette is pierced right through to facilitate the housing of the resistors 7b and the passage of a tube 7d during the introduction of said briquettes into the sheath 11a.

It is specified that sheath 11a may comprise a number of briquettes in relation to the size of the heat storage steam generator and also the length of said sheath 11a. A space 1 1 b of a few millimeters is observed between the inner wall of the sheath 11a and the outer surface of the briquette to predict the effect of expansion. According to one of the characteristics of steatite, a dilation of 0.0017% is observed at more than 500 ° Celsius.

As shown in Figure 6 which illustrates the preferred embodiment according to the invention in section and a front view of the heat storage steam generator 6 having an opening 9 designed such that the sleeves 1 1 are housed therein, arranged horizontally and across, one end 9a of said sleeve is welded to the inner wall of the heat storage steam generator 6 and the other end 9b through the opposite wall of said heat storage steam generator 6, also welded to the wall internal and external. A space is provided between each positioning of the sheaths 1 1 inside the heat storage steam generator 6. The stone briquettes with high thermal inertia are positioned so that the orifices align longitudinally to accommodate a certain number of heating resistors 8.

The controlled water spray nozzles 15 are fixed in the wall of the heat storage steam generator 6 by suitable fixing systems of which 1/3 of said nozzles will be inside, the remaining 2/3 will be from outside the heat storage steam generator 6, integrate the cooling ramp /food. The positioning of said nozzles allows in situ and homogeneous spraying inside the heat storage steam generator 6. The shutter 9d thermally isolates the compartment 9 containing the blocks of stone with high thermal inertia. Alternatively, the heat storage steam generator takes another form and the positioning of said sleeve and said nozzles another position.

According to a configuration of the invention, not illustrated, in the energy storage device in the form of heat and the method of restitution, Figure 7 shows a sectional and front view of the steam generator storing heat. in a heat storage enclosure version in a version containing a tube 90 within a block of briquettes with high thermal inertia 91 containing resistors 92 for heating the water 90a which circulates in the tube 90.

The positioning of the sleeves 93 in the chamber 94 is done horizontally, or over the entire length or width of said enclosure 94. The sleeves 93 transversely traverse the walls of said enclosure 94 so that a plurality of tube 90 can enter and exit easily compartment 93 containing the block of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia 91.

Suitable heating resistors 92 are introduced into the high thermal inert stone block 91 to store electrical energy converted to heat from photovoltaic panels or renewable energies in general, not shown in the figure.

This storage of electricity is converted into heat by means of the resistors 92 thereby heating the block of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia 91 and by heat transfer heat the water 90a which circulates in the tube 90. As a variant, this configuration, according to Figure 7, can take a completely different form and can also be equipped with a common cooling / supply rail (see Figure 6) to obtain an electrical energy storage device combining the two configurations and a more efficient rendering process with a higher yield. Thus, the electricity is stored in the form of heat in the high thermal inertia stone 91 and then restored in the form of heat exchange when the water 90a flows in the tube 90. Shutters 97 and 97a allow thermally isolate the compartments 93. Alternatively, another fluid that water can flow in the tube 90.

FIG. 8 is a representation in section and in front view of the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids 5 with the shell casing 80 containing the block of stones with high thermal inertia 81. The incorporation of said sleeve 80 in situ in the heat transfer fluid storage tank 5 stores sensible heat, provided by the heat transfer fluids 41a, 3a, 18a, 19a, 40b, 41c by passing the manifold 83, located in height of said tank.

The positioning of the sheath 80 containing the block of stones with high thermal inertia 81 will be such that the heat transfer fluids will always remain in contact, more precisely down the common tank for storage of heat transfer fluids.

The positioning of the sheath 80 must not hinder the evacuation outlet 83a connected to the pipe 26 carrying the heat transfer fluid 23.

The device according to the invention is particularly intended to store energy of solar origin whether photovoltaic and also solar thermal and / or renewable energy in general and also electricity network in a solid material and more particularly, a mineral with high thermal inertia steatite in the form of heat and subsequently restore it by heat transfer using a fluid of water to produce steam by operating a turbine and a generator to produce electricity, and also to generate heat, via a heat exchanger, for building heating, for the production of domestic hot water and to supply heat to produce cold by an adsorption device and / or or absorption and also to produce preheated water to supply an industrial boiler operating either in electrical energy or fossil energy or to other energies.

Claims

1. Storage device for renewable energies in the form of heat and restitution in three generation, characterized in that it comprises:

A) means for producing photovoltaic energy and solar thermal energy (1, 2, 3);

B) means for storing electrical energy of photovoltaic origin in blocks consisting of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia (7);

C) a heat transfer fluid storage means (3b) in a common double-functional heat transfer fluid storage tank also containing high thermal inertia stone blocks (5);

D) transfer means in the form of heat from photovoltaic electricity (2) in blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia (7) by heating resistors (8);

E) means for generating steam by a dual-function heat storage steam generator (6);

F) a common, dual function, cooling / supply line (14) of the heat storage steam generator (6), comprising a cooling circuit (20, 22, 16a, 17) and another supply circuit (26); , 25, 25a, 15, 16, 22a);

G) a preheated water spray device (23) having variable jet controlled water spray nozzles (15) consisting of nonreturn valves (16,16a) of a high pressure pump (25), a solenoid valve (22a);

H) a common double-fluid heat transfer fluid storage tank (5) equipped with blocks of high thermal mass (5a) wrapped in a metal sleeve (5b);

I) a heat exchanger reservoir (43), triple functions, equipped with two subchannels heat exchanger (71, 53);

J) a set of insulated pipes (19, 3c, 26, 27, 44, 28, 27, 29a, 40a, 41, 41 a);

K) means for converting the service fluid, the steam, (24) into mechanical energy consisting of a low pressure steam expansion turbine (32) operable to drive a generator (33) to produce electricity; L) a heat exchanger device consisting of a heat exchanger expansion tank (43) containing three sub-circuits (53, 57, 70), the first (53) of which serves to heat a coolant (56), operating in a closed circuit, connecting the heat exchanger expansion tank (43) and a second dedicated heat exchanger (55) equipped in turn with a second coil-shaped circuit (57) adapted to heat a refrigerant (58). ) capable of producing adsorption cold and the third circuit (70) for heating water for building heating and domestic hot water, water preheated to supply a boiler with preheated water, said device being further characterized in that the means for storing and restoring energy comprise a common cooling / water supply manifold, dual functions (14), equipped with variable jet controlled water spray nozzles (15), valve non-return valves (16, 16a, 16c), solenoid valves (22, 22a, 25a), low pressure pump (20) and high pressure pump (25), two circuits in one, of which: a- the first is a cold water cooling circuit (18) originating from the public distribution network, equipped with controlled water spray nozzles and non-return valves coupled to a low pressure pump, for the circulation of the fluid, connected to the common storage tank for heat transfer fluids (5) through the pipe (19), for storage, and that said cooling fluid makes it possible to cool the controlled water spray nozzles (15), which has become a coolant for the circumstance ( 18a) during the energy storage phase, and

b- the second circuit makes it possible to feed the heat storage steam generator (6) with preheated water (23) at a temperature T1, resulting from the mixture of the heat transfer fluids (3a, 41a, 18a19a) in the common storage tank heat transfer fluids (5), and by the high pressure pump (25) whose spray pressure is higher than the pressure inside the heat storage steam generator.

2. Storage device for renewable energy according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a dual-function heat storage steam generator (6) in which blocks consisting of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia (7) are arranged horizontally and spaced apart capable of storing, either by radiation, convection, conduction or electromagnetic induction, heat from the heating resistors (8) and returning it in the form of steam (24) by heat transfer and contact with the service fluid (23).

3. Storage device for renewable energy according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the means for producing renewable energy sources are composed of photovoltaic (2) and solar thermal (3) providing two types of renewable energy stored in two suitable storage means:

a- The first storage means, photovoltaic electricity (2), is made in blocks composed of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia, (7) in which heating resistors (8), made of iron-chromium alloy, aluminum, are introduced in order to transfer, in the form of high temperature heat, either by radiation and / or by convection and / or by conduction and / or by electromagnetic induction, of said electrical energy, and that said electrical energy is converted in Joule and thermal capacity and that the temperature T2 is between 20 ° and 1200 ° Celsius, and that the amount of electrical energy stored is 10 KWh to more than 1000 MWh, and

b- The second means of storage, in the form of sensible heat, of the coolant (3b) resulting from the thermal exchange of water in the solar panels (3), whose temperature is between 65 ° to 75 ° , is stored in the heat-transmitting storage tank (5), heat-insulated, also equipped with blocks of stone with high thermal inertia also wrapped in sheaths.

4. Storage device for renewable energies according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that photovoltaic and solar thermal renewable energies are stored in stone with high thermal inertia which is made of mineral stone: composed of steatite of 40 to 50% talc, 40 to 50% magnesite, and 5 to 10% chlorite with thermal conductivity characteristics: 6.4 W / mK with a heat capacity of 3000KJ / m3. , with a mass volume of 2980kg / m3.

5. Storage device for renewable energies according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said material with high thermal inertia consists of a mixture of clay, firecracker of first and second cooking or basalt , or any other material whatsoever with material characteristics to strong thermal inertia

6. Storage device for renewable energies according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid service comes from the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids (5) in which is stored the different heat transfer fluids (3a, 41a, 18a, 19a, 40b) to generate a service fluid (23).

7. Storage device for renewable energies according to claim 6, characterized in that the common dual fluid storage tank (5) is heat-insulated stainless steel containing blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia (81). of variable size wrapped in sheaths (80) sealed from the same material as the tank and integrally welded to the inner walls of said heat transfer fluid storage tank and serving firstly to store the sensible heat, and secondly to maintain said service fluid ( 23) at a temperature of 65 ° to 90 ° Celsius.

8. Storage device for renewable energies according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids (5) has a first inlet (83), located on the upper part of said tank, and by which the heat transfer fluids enter and amalgamate while coming into contact with the sheaths (80), containing the blocks of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia, carries out the exchange of heat and then emerges from the lower part by the pipe ( 26).

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the means for restoring said stored heat, through a heat-transforming device steam (24) using a steam generator heat store (6) comprises:

a) a carbon steel or high-strength alloy housing, representing the outer wall, having openings through which a plurality of sleeves, of different geometric shapes, is positioned horizontally and spaced at least twice the width of said sleeves; containing blocks composed of high inertia stone briquettes heat shroud (7) wrapped in at least one to several sheaths (1 1) of the same material and one end of which is integrally welded to the inner wall of said heat storage steam generator (6), and the other end passing through the opposed wall then welded to the inner and outer wall integrally to the assembly, for receiving the blocks made of stone briquettes with high thermal inertia (7) by sliding; and

b) by a supply manifold (14) in preheated water, the coolant (23), equipped with variable jet controlled water spray nozzles (15) and a high pressure pump (25) sprays, at the inside the heat storage steam generator (6) the heat transfer fluid (23) and by heat exchange transforms said heat transfer fluid (23) into instantaneous steam.

10. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion tank with vapor exchanger (43) is connected by insulated pipes (44, 44a) to at least one of the two storage steam generators. heat source (6, 6a), for supplying heat to the circuits (53, 57, 70) corresponding to the different heat exchangers for changing the renewable energy storage device in the form of heat at high temperature, in a mineral material with high thermal inertia, and the method of restitution of energy towards the tri-generation.

1 1. Storage device for renewable energies according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the storage of renewable energies in the form of heat is performed in a heat-insulated enclosure (94) containing blocks of stones with high thermal inertia (91 ) having heating resistors (92) to the ends of said blocks and wherein a plurality of tubes (90) is inserted for passage of the water (90a) to be heated.

12. Restitution method implemented by the device according to claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that, during the restitution phase of the stored energy, the heat storage steam generator (6) produces steam at a pressure higher than the operating pressure, the expansion tank with heat exchanger (43) makes it possible to reduce the said pressure to the utilization values, the pressure necessary to operate an expansion turbine (32) and the generator (33) for produce electricity and / or domestic hot water, collective heating and / or heat for the air-conditioning by absorption and / or adsorption cold and / or hot water to supply an industrial boiler with water preheated.

13. A method of restitution according to claim 12, characterized in that the transport of the service steam (24), produced by the energy restitution device, to the steam expansion turbines (32) is carried out by the pipes insulated (28, 29a, 27a).

14. A method of restitution according to claims 12 to 13, characterized in that the service steam (24) passes firstly by the primary circuit CP1 or in the secondary circuit CS2, and they are connected to the storage steam generators of heat (6) or (6, 6a) directly to the expansion turbines and the tilting of the steam of the primary circuit CP1 and the secondary circuit CS2 is automatically controlled by an automated device contained in the table (12).

15. A method of restitution according to claim 14, characterized in that the tilting, for the transport of the service steam (24) to the expansion turbines, the primary circuit CP1 to the secondary circuit CS2 and vice versa, is by automated controls (28a, 28b, 28, 28c, 28d, 47).

16. The method of restitution according to claims 13 to 15 characterized in that the energy required to transform a liter of water into steam is represented by the formula E = m. Ορ.ΔΘ where ΔΘ = temperature (T ° 2) of vaporization of the water at 100 ° Celsius minus the temperature of the preheated water in the common storage tank of heat transfer fluids (T ° 1), m representing the mass of water and Cp, its thermal capacity mass, so we obtain E = m.Cp. (T ° 2 - T ° 1).

17. A method of restitution according to claim 16, characterized in that the almost instantaneous evaporation of the service fluid (23) is obtained by the heat present in the heat storage steam generator (6) and more precisely by the spray solution water in a fine droplet, by controllable jet water spray nozzles, thereby facilitating the phase change from the liquid state to the gaseous state and represented by the formula E _V APORIZATION = ΔΘΉ2- ΔΘ T ° 1 or EVAPORIZATION = T ° 2-T ° 1 or E = the energy required to finalize the instantaneous vaporization of the operating fluid (23), T ° 2 is the quantity of energy to be released from the heat storage steam generator, and T ° 1 is the temperature of the operating fluid (23) at the outlet of the common coolant storage tank, which is the resultant of the different heat transfer fluids.

18. A method of restitution according to claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the renewable energy storage device in the form of sensible heat and heat at high temperature and the restitution method uses this type and non-limiting steam generator heat store that can both produce steam, able to drive a turbine coupled in fine to a generator to produce electricity and also, through a heat exchanger, by heat transfer, also produce steam for heating buildings, domestic hot water and also heat for air conditioning for absorption air conditioning systems and / or adsorption cold and / or hot water for supplying an industrial boiler with preheated water and / or other equipment in need of thermal energy.