EP2728254A1 - Brûleur d'allumage et de stabilisation pour des combustibles sous forme de particules - Google Patents

Brûleur d'allumage et de stabilisation pour des combustibles sous forme de particules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2728254A1
EP2728254A1 EP12191020.2A EP12191020A EP2728254A1 EP 2728254 A1 EP2728254 A1 EP 2728254A1 EP 12191020 A EP12191020 A EP 12191020A EP 2728254 A1 EP2728254 A1 EP 2728254A1
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Prior art keywords
particulate
fuel
burner
electrodes
air
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EP12191020.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Albin Czernichowski
Mieczyslaw Czernichowski
Hans-Bernd Rombrecht
Hans-Joachim Krautz
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
    • H05H1/482—Arrangements to provide gliding arc discharges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99005—Combustion techniques using plasma gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00014—Pilot burners specially adapted for ignition of main burners in furnaces or gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00015—Pilot burners specially adapted for low load or transient conditions, e.g. for increasing stability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to particulate burner for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler, preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired boiler of a power station, comprising a gliding discharge device, whereby the gliding discharge device comprises preferably at least two diverging electrodes.
  • a method for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler and corresponding use of the gliding discharge particulate burner is also encompassed by the present invention.
  • Brown- and hard-coal fired power stations have for decades carried the burden of producing energy in Germany and various other countries, being responsible for a significant proportion of all energy produced within Europe. Reductions in load or work rate, or frequent periods of inactivity, were neither required nor intended. However, with the increased use of sources of energy that are susceptible to variation in output, which may still be preferred (wind-powered or solar energy sources), new demands and requirements are placed on the practice of using existing coal fired boilers and power stations.
  • the initiation/ignition of the boiler is carried out generally using heating oil or heavy or crude oil. This process is substantially more expensive than using coal for ignition. However, due to the small number of ignition events this cost factor has traditionally not played a significant role in determining costs for power stations.
  • coal fired boilers and power stations are continually required to show improved flexibility (to a large extent due to the preferred but inconsistent power sources such as wind or solar energy)
  • alternative methods for reducing costs in the ignition and maintenance of coal fired boilers are required.
  • a method or device which enables reduction of ignition costs and a stable lower burning load during periods of low activity is required in the field.
  • lignite fired power stations are generally ignited using oil burners. Oil is significantly more expensive than most coal based particulate fuels, such as raw or dried lignite (brown coal dust).
  • the minimal load of a lignite fired burner is constrained by the outlet velocity, the particulate burning time, the corresponding mill and many other aspects which allow operation to be reduced only to nearly 60% of the nominal load.
  • the utilization of dried lignite can shift this limit to lower values, but maintenance of the flame under appropriate conditions represents a significant area of difficulty for power station operation.
  • the rising number of start-up and shut-down operations caused by instable demand increases the consumption of light or heavy oil.
  • coal dust has been proposed as a replacement for burner ignition.
  • a plasmatron plasma torch or similar device is generally applied for initiating burning.
  • the ignition occurs with a plasma burner as follows: A coal-air mixture is heated to extreme temperature, so that a partial gasification occurs. The gas, comprising coal residue and volatile transient elements, is entered to the burning chamber, whereby contact with air leads to immediate and complete burning.
  • the plasmatrons have a load of 60 - 200 kW.
  • Lignite- and hard coal fired power stations with particulate burners can only be reduced in load to a minimum level, under which the flame stability is no longer sufficient for reliable burning.
  • burner load can usually only be reduced to around 60% of capacity because under this load the flame of the boiler can become unstable. Stability of the flame is essential for maintaining a safe and efficient operation of coal-fired boilers.
  • Such alternatives have involved plasma devices for burning dust-form solid particulate fuels.
  • the ions and radicals created via the plasma in fuel/air mixture react easily with remaining molecules and particles providing more intense oxidation.
  • the use of plasma therefore enables a stable burning at low burner loads in the boilers.
  • the temperature of ignition is an important aspect of a particulate burner in order to initiate the boiler in energy production.
  • the boilers can be started from "cold" conditions, namely ambient temperatures or without additional heating.
  • the ignition is carried out with light oil or heavy oil and, under cold or ambient temperatures; the ignition is very inefficient (and therefore expensive), requiring large amounts of oil.
  • a method and device are described in DD291611A5 for ignition of a boiler using solid fuel.
  • the use of plasma for stabilisation of the burning process is described.
  • the key element of the disclosure relates to the plasmatron (generator of plasma), in which nitrogen is ionized at temperatures up to 4000°C.
  • the nitrogen- and nitrogen-oxide-ions and radicals react with the solid fuel in the burner, through which highly reactive radicals are formed, which at the point of entry in the burning chamber exhibit stable burning.
  • the plasmatron is run with direct current and is cooled with demineralised water. The water cooling leads the energy dissipated in the plasmatron away from the device.
  • the efficiency of the plasmatron is approximately 50%.
  • a method is described in DE3441358C2 that also uses a plasmatron for ignition of solid fuels. This method relates however to a special placement of the plasma device in order to achieve ignition.
  • WO/2011/070819 A1 , PL 196651 B1 and PL 207901 B1 all described the use of plasma, which are based on high current and high electrical frequencies.
  • a further method is disclosed in WO/2010/062101 A2 that relies on microwave plasma.
  • the use of such plasma is however severely inhibited by disadvantages of the devices.
  • the high temperature plasmatrons tend to wear down quickly. Even after a short time the electrodes require changing (after approximately 200 hours running time). Additionally, the efficiency of the plasmatron (generated plasma effect in relation to connected load) is relatively poor and the dissipation demands an appropriate cooling. Furthermore, the high frequency current waves produced by the plasma lead to disturbing influence on the measurements and settings of the device.
  • the plasmatron also needs a plasma-forming gas. This can be for example argon, but nitrogen can also be used. In general the requirement for a non-air gas for plasma generation provides an additional cost and technical complication.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a particulate burner for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler, preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired boiler, comprising a gliding electric discharge device.
  • ignition and/or stabilisation encompasses both ignition or stabilisation alone, or a combination of ignition and subsequent stabilisation.
  • a gliding discharge device with a burner for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler was disclosed in the prior art.
  • the gliding discharge device represents an improved alternative for ignition or stabilisation of burning in light of the known plasma-based approaches described in the prior art.
  • the functionality of the gliding discharge device for burning solid-fuel particulate represents a surprising development over known systems. It has not previously been proposed in the art that such a gliding discharge device could be applied as demonstrated in the present invention.
  • the combination of components of the burner represents a relatively simple but effective device that carries out its ignition and stabilisation function reliably.
  • the fuel and air inlets can be adjusted to control fuel and air flow into the burner, thereby providing the user the ability to control the burner as desired.
  • the particulate burner as described herein is characterised in that it comprises additionally a particulate fuel dispenser, such as a screw powder dispenser, which comprises
  • This combination of powder dispenser with direct input to the burner and the ability to regulate the air flow via the adjustable air and fuel inlets allows the burner to be controlled precisely. This is particularly advantageous for maintaining reliable and stable burning at low burning load in times when the energy output of the coal-fired boiler is to be reduced or maintained at low levels.
  • This system represents a significant simplification compared to the complex torch- or microwave-plasma systems that have been used in the art.
  • the particulate burner as described herein is characterised in that the electricity source is either an AC or DC source, preferably AC source, providing voltage of 1 to 50 kV, preferably 2 to 40 kV, more preferably 3 to 30 kV, and/or the frequency of AC current is between 40 and 500 Hz, preferably 50 Hz, 60 Hz or 400 Hz.
  • the electricity source is either an AC or DC source, preferably AC source, providing voltage of 1 to 50 kV, preferably 2 to 40 kV, more preferably 3 to 30 kV, and/or the frequency of AC current is between 40 and 500 Hz, preferably 50 Hz, 60 Hz or 400 Hz.
  • the particulate burner as described herein is characterised in that the gliding discharge device comprises at least 2 diverging electrodes, preferably 2 to 12 electrodes, more preferably 6 electrodes.
  • 12 electrodes may be used in combination with 6 injection nozzles (fuel inlets), each one in the center of 3 electrodes; as shown in figure 7 .
  • the gliding electric discharge device is a cold (means non-thermal) plasma source and has at least two diverging electrodes immersed in a gas flow.
  • the gas can transport particulate solids, in particular particulate solid fuels, such as lignite.
  • a high voltage and relatively low current discharge is generated across the flow between the electrodes. The discharge forms at the closest point (by electric breakup), spreads as it glides along the electrodes due to a gas push, and disappears when the growing discharge length is no more compatible with a maximal voltage of the electric source. Another discharge immediately reforms at the initial spot.
  • the path of the discharge is mainly determined by geometry of the electrodes, flow conditions (pressure, turbulence, temperature, nature of the gas, and nature of the particulate), and characteristics of the power supply; it is also influenced by the nature and temperature of the electrodes.
  • the size and shape of the electrodes as described herein represents a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the knife-shaped or propeller-blade-shaped or round shape at this particular size show particularly effective electric discharge between the electrodes and provide a reliable and sustainable ignition for the powdered particulate fuel used in the invention.
  • the size, shape and material of the electrodes therefore enable the gliding discharge device to be used directly in the burning chamber with the fuel/air mixture. This represents an additional advantage over the common plasma systems described in the art.
  • the configuration described above represents a preferred embodiment of the invention and leads to effective burning of particulate solid flow mixed with air.
  • the use of such a gliding discharge device for burning of the particulate fuel as described represents a surprising and beneficial development of the prior art, which has until now not been suggested.
  • the use of such a gliding discharge device as described herein for the ignition and/or maintenance of burning of a boiler in a power station represents a combination of two technical fields, not previously suggested to be combined.
  • any gas or vapour can be directly processed in the gliding discharge device. Droplets, mists, and powders can be present. Gases of any initial temperature are accepted. The pressure drop in the burner itself is negligible.
  • the particulate burner as described herein is characterised in that the distance of 2 to 5 mm between electrodes occurs in combination with 4-10 kV voltage at 50-60 Hz frequency, or the distance of 10 to 20 mm between electrodes occurs in combination with 15-30 kV voltage at 50-60 Hz frequency.
  • the particulate burner as described herein is characterised in that the current per single gliding discharge is 0.03 to 5 A, preferably 0.1 to 1 A.
  • the current per single gliding discharge is 0.03 to 5 A, preferably 0.1 to 1 A.
  • the particulate burner as described herein is characterised in that specific means for cooling the electrodes of the gliding discharge device are not present.
  • the absence of a specifically designated cooling system is an advantage over the prior art, enabling a more simple and sure device and method to those known previously.
  • the significant risk of leaking water, intended for cooling the plasmatron, into the high-temperature furnace is hereby avoided.
  • the method and device of the invention are therefore also more efficient than those systems of the prior art, which lose significant amounts of heat via dissipation into cooling water.
  • the invention also relates to a method for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler, preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired boiler, comprising the ignition and/or maintenance of burning a particulate fuel using one or more particulate burners as described herein.
  • the method of the invention represents the first known use of such a burner for the ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler, preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired boiler, preferably in a power station.
  • the method encompasses potentially all features of the invention as described in relation to the particulate burner itself.
  • the method for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler is characterised in that the particulate fuel is any particulate of solid carbon-based fuel, such as powdered and/or pulverised coal, preferably lignite (otherwise known as brown coal dust), such as either dried or crude lignite, or other biomass fuel, such as sawdust or any cereal waste (like rice husk).
  • Lignite fuel is described in Table 2. The burning of lignite is preferred and has been demonstrated to be particularly effective and stable. Table 1.
  • Table 1 One example of a composition of a dried lignite mixture: moisture wt.% 10.5 ash 6.0 C 56.5 H 4.0 O 21.5 N 0.7 S 0.8 LHV MJ/kg 21
  • Crude lignite can also be applied, whereby crude lignite normally has a water content between 45 and 70 %. Crude Lusatian lignite has around 56% water content.
  • the method for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler is characterised in that the particles of the particulate fuel are smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.3 mm. This size of particle burns well in the burner and provides the appropriate stability for the method of the invention.
  • the method for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler is characterised in that the mass flow rate of the particulate fuel through the solid fuel-fired burner, preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired burner, is between 0.05 and 20 t/h (or megagram per hour (Mg/h) according to SI units), preferably between 1 and 10 t/h and more preferably between 2 and 6 t/h.
  • the burner of the invention can be scaled accordingly depending on size of the boiler present in the power station.
  • the burner of the present invention can be scaled to incorporate either additional electrodes within the gliding discharge device of the burner, by adding multiple numbers of gliding discharge devices within a single burner, or by incorporating multiple burners that each comprise one or more gliding discharge device. Through such modifications the burning strength can be adjusted as required for the power station boiler.
  • the mass flow rate of the particulate fuel through the solid fuel-fired burner can therefore vary from approximately 1 kg/h to 50 kg/h, preferably 2 to 10 kg/h (as shown for example in a prototype according to the examples). The prototype typically runs at a lower rate than the burner of a power station boiler.
  • the burner of the present invention can sustain a mass flow rate of the particulate fuel through the solid fuel-fired burner, preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired burner, of up to approximately 20 t/h, depending on the size of the burner, the number of electrodes of the discharge device, the number of discharge devices in the burner or the number of burners combined for heating the boiler of a power station.
  • a mass flow rate of the particulate fuel through the solid fuel-fired burner preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired burner, of up to approximately 20 t/h, depending on the size of the burner, the number of electrodes of the discharge device, the number of discharge devices in the burner or the number of burners combined for heating the boiler of a power station.
  • the method for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler is characterised in that the air to fuel ratio is between 2 to 20, whereby the air to fuel ratio is between 6 and 8 for dried lignite and dry biomass, 2.5 to 4.5 for crude lignite and 10 to 14 for pulverised hard coal.
  • the air to fuel ratio is generally somewhat below the stoichiometric ratio.
  • Modern burners are operating in a sub-stoichiometric air to fuel ratio in order to avoid high nitrogen oxide formation. Secondary air completes the combustion in other parts of the boiler. In this sense the air fuel ratio depends on the specific fuel properties and the design of the boiler.
  • the ratios as described above are surprisingly easily acceptable for the burner of the present invention without any risk of its extinction; this fact highly improves the process security and allows adapting the optimal ratio for almost any situation.
  • the method for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler is characterised in that ignition occurs with either pre-heated or with cold air, preferably with air of ambient temperature, more preferably without pre-heating of the air fed through the burner.
  • the use of the burner of the present invention in cold air represents a significant advantage in comparison to older methods, in particular to oil-based methods.
  • the ignition in cold temperatures is simple and straightforward, and requires only minimally more energy than when starting from higher temperatures, as when there is minimal load there is also heat recovery from the flue gases. This is an additional advantage over plasmatrons known in the art. Plasmatrons generally cannot accept a preheated gas because they are strongly water-cooled.
  • the gliding discharge system of the present invention can however easily be installed in or fed by a very hot gas. Therefore, when a preheated air source is available such conditions may be applied for an improved energy balance. This flexibility improves process security and allows adapting the air source for almost any situation.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a particulate burner as described herein for the ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler, preferably a pulverised coal-and/or lignite fired boiler.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a gliding discharge device for the ignition and/or maintenance of burning a particulate fuel, preferably for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler, preferably a pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired boiler.
  • the present invention relates also to a method for ignition and/or maintenance of burner combustion for coal fired boilers in power stations, that does not rely on microwave or thermal-plasmatron based stabilization.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a gliding electric discharge device as described herein in a solid fuel-fired burner of a power station.
  • the discharge device can be inserted as such into an existing burner in order to provide ignition or stabilisation of the burner flame, utilising the existing components of the burner, such as fuel inlets, air inlets, or other components present in the burner.
  • Addition of the gliding electric discharge device as disclosed herein into an already existing burner (instead of or additional to the use of a pre- constructed particulate burner as described herein) will help in ignition and/or maintenance of the flame at lower power and is also encompassed by the present invention.
  • the device is more stable than those approaches known in the prior art, no heat is given off by the device and no cooling of the system is required.
  • the device does not tend to wear over time to the same degree as a plasmatron/plasma-torch device, therefore enabling longer periods of use.
  • the gliding discharge device of the invention does not comprise of a frequency convertor. Electromagnetic disturbance through emission of high frequencies therefore does not occur, or significantly reduced, with the device of the present invention. Minor amounts of electromagnetic noise due to the random nature of discharges' ignition/extinction can be produced by the device of the present invention. A Faraday's box/screen is however sufficient to significantly lower such noise.
  • the plasmatron (or Plasma Torch or Plasma Gun) is a high-temperature generator of thermal (means close-to-thermodynamic-equilibrium) plasma based on a high-current arc under a quite low, mostly DC voltage.
  • thermal means close-to-thermodynamic-equilibrium
  • the gas mostly noble Argon, is usually spinning in an arc chamber around a central cathode inside a cylindrical anode.
  • plasmatrons with special electrodes allowing the use of air as the carrier. One cannot inject any powder inside the arc chamber otherwise a very intensive corrosion and/or erosion of both electrodes would occur.
  • Powders can only be added into the very fast plasma "plume" (or “jet") outside the plasma chamber. It asks for a quite complex injector allowing penetration of very fine grains into the hot and high-velocity plume before the plasma cools down. Moreover such cooling is strengthened by the gas (air) flow that transports the powder, resulting in a very difficult and essentially inferior delivery of fuel (or fuel-air mix) to the plasma for burning. A very efficient cooling of electrodes is also needed, usually using very clean water. Electrical-to-thermal efficiency of plasmatrons can be as low as 50% due to their water-cooling. Therefore a relatively high electric DC power is required; it is then highly concentrated in a relatively small volume of plasma jet. In conclusion, plasma torches are not well adapted as tools to ignite and maintain burning of air/coal mixtures.
  • the present invention uses a gliding discharge device, in a preferred embodiment the gliding discharge device is a "GlidArc" low-current discharge device from Etudes Chimiques et Physiques.
  • the gliding discharge device is a "GlidArc" low-current discharge device from Etudes Chimiques et Physiques.
  • Previous descriptions of the "GlidArc" low-current discharge device only demonstrated processing of a fluidized bed with sand (that cracked to smaller grains due to thermal and electric shocks), the rise (that started to crack like a popcorn) and titanium metal (in nitrogen, in order to nitride the metal).
  • This device has never previously been disclosed in relation to a particulate fuel burner.
  • particulate fuel is to be understood as fuel suitable for coal fired boilers in power stations, therefore previous disclosures showing processing of sand or titanium metals are not to be understood as fuels in the sense of the present invention.
  • the gliding discharge device is a cold (means non-equilibrium, non-thermal) discharge operating at 0.05 - 12 abs bar range with a high electron temperature but a relatively low gas temperature.
  • Such plasma enhances chemical processes through highly active catalytic species: electrons, radicals, excited atoms, ions and molecules.
  • the gliding discharge device has at least two diverging electrodes immersed in a fast gas flow.
  • a high DC or AC voltage and relatively low current discharge is generated across the flow between the electrodes.
  • the discharge forms at the closest point, spreads as it glides along the electrodes, and disappears.
  • Another discharge immediately reforms at the initial spot.
  • the path of the discharge is determined by geometry of the electrodes, flow conditions, and characteristics of the power supply.
  • the gliding discharge performs its own maintenance on the electrodes, preventing chemical corrosion and erosion because the discharge roots are not permanently attached to the same electrodes' spots.
  • the electrodes are not cooled so that the energy is directly and totally transferred to the processed gas.
  • the voltage can be as high as 50 kV for currents from 0.05 to 5 A per discharge.
  • the gliding discharge device of the present invention ignites the coal-air-mixture via electrical discharges travelling between two or more diverging electrodes.
  • the distance between the electrodes increases as the electrical discharge glides towards their ends, whereby once reaching the end of the electrode the discharge is lost.
  • a new discharge is simultaneously generated between the electrodes at the position where the electrodes are at their closest.
  • This mechanism is principally that of a Jacob's ladder.
  • alternating current with usual frequencies of the power mains are used, which is transformed to a voltage in the range of preferably approximately 2 to 20 kV.
  • Multiple-electrode discharge systems can be installed in large gas lines - as presented on Fig. 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 . For example a 6-electrode (and 6-phase) discharge is presented in Fig. 6 .
  • Any gas (so also air or even pure oxygen) or vapour can be directly processed without a carrier gas. Droplets, mists, and powders can be present in the discharge. One can therefore start burning any solid fuel, for example coal, in this very active zone. Gases of any initial temperature are accepted -for example a preheated air. The pressure drop in the burner/reactor is negligible (which does not include pressure drop in the pipe or injection nozzle (fuel inlet) before the electrode's structure). There is no cooling of the electrodes so that all dissipated electric power is used for the process.
  • the gliding discharge device asks for a relatively very low electric power; in the case of an assisted combustion the ratio of assisting electric power to the total burner power can be less than 1/100. The gliding discharge device ignites fuel (cold start) and then acts against flame pulsation or extinction.
  • the gliding discharge device of the present invention is very stable and provides an unusually stable maintenance of burning for a coal-fired boiler.
  • the method and device of the present invention enable use of the burner at a significantly lower burner load than plasmatron devices, thereby reducing the minimum load requirement and therefore costs for ignition and/or re-ignition.
  • the present invention encompasses the burning of any particulate fuel source, in particular lignite dust, or mixtures of lignite dust with pulverized hard coal that are suitable for coal fired boilers in power stations.
  • Hard coal is usually crushed/pulverised to produce dust before burning.
  • the burners of the invention as a continuously working additional device to combust biomass while the main coal or lignite burners provide the main heat.
  • a “discharge” in the context of the present invention is understood as an electric current crossing a gas.
  • the gliding discharge device therefore is a term to describe a device capable of generating gliding discharges.
  • a gliding discharge is distinct from a static discharge, whereby the discharge roots are maintained in their single position. The gliding discharge enables fast air flow (of fuel/air mixtures) and is extremely stable even under low current conditions.
  • the burner can be used preferably in any pulverised coal and/or lignite-fired boiler, such as those commonly known in power stations.
  • Table 2 a list of power stations are provided, in which the burner of the present invention could be applied.
  • Plasmatron (or microwave) approaches have been attempted in such boilers and the replacement of plasmatron (or microwave) with the burner based on the gliding discharge device of the present invention is appropriate in all such boilers and in other similar boilers.
  • a "nest" (as presented on Fig. 7 ) or combination of multiple burners according to the invention is also encompassed by the invention.
  • the burner as described herein can be combined and a nest can be applied, thereby enhancing capacity for ignition when a greater burning capacity is required.
  • a skilled person is able to adjust and combine the burner(s) as required in order to burn a suitable load during any phase of ignition or maintenance of burning.
  • Table 2 Use of plasmatron ignition systems at thermal power stations in Russia, Ukraine, China, and Turkey (Source: Use of Plasma Fuel Systems at Thermal Power Plants in Russia, Ukraine, China, and Turkey; E. I. Karpenko a , Yu. E. Karpenko a , V. E. Messerle b , and A. B.
  • Neryungri RSPS Neryungri, 1997) KVTK-100, 1 Heat rating, 116 MW 2 4 Partizansk RSPS (Partizansk, 1998) TP-170, 1 170 2 5 Ulan-Ude CHP-2 (Ulan-Ude, 1997) TPE-185, 1 160 2 6 Khabarovsk CHP-3, 1998 TPE-216, 1 670 4 7 Kurakhovo TPP (Kurakhovo, 1998-1999) TP-109, 1 670 4 8 Mironovskaya RSPS (Mironovo, 1989) TP-230, 1 230 2 9 Almatinskaya RSPS (Alma-ata, 1996) B KZ-16 0, 1 160 2 10 Ust'-Kamenogorsk CHP (Ust'-Kamenogorsk, 1989) TsKTI-7 5, 2 75 4 11 Ulaanbaatar CHP-4 (Ulaanbaatar, 1994) B
  • a particulate burner for ignition and/or stabilisation of a solid fuel-fired boiler as described herein was manufactured and tested for functionality. Images of the burner are provided in figures 1 to 7 . Dry lignite powder ( ⁇ 0.3 mm) was burned successfully at 4.4 kg/h mass flow rate of lignite in a large excess of initially cold air. The results of the tests demonstrated that sufficient stability of the flame is achieved at both high and low loads.
  • the exemplar shown in the examples and figures herein is a prototype that can be scaled accordingly depending on size of the boiler present in the power station.
  • the burner of the present invention can be scaled to incorporate either additional electrodes within the gliding discharge device of the burner, by adding multiple numbers of gliding discharge devices within a single burner, or by incorporating multiple burners that each comprise one or more gliding discharge device. Through such modifications the burning strength can be adjusted as required for the power station boiler.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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EP12191020.2A 2012-11-02 2012-11-02 Brûleur d'allumage et de stabilisation pour des combustibles sous forme de particules Withdrawn EP2728254A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106132057A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-11-16 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 一种生物质锅炉点火方法

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DE3441358C2 (fr) 1984-06-14 1987-01-15 Skf Steel Engineering Ab, Hofors, Se
FR2639172A1 (fr) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-18 Electricite De France Dispositif de generation de plasmas basse temperature par formation de decharges electriques glissantes
DD291611A5 (de) 1989-01-16 1991-07-04 Imatran Voima Oy,Fi Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anfahren des kessels einer mit festem brennstoff beheizten energieerzeugungsanlage
WO1998030524A1 (fr) * 1997-01-13 1998-07-16 Carbon Resources, Ltd. Transformation d'hydrocarbures assistee par des arcs electriques glissants
EP1371905A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2003-12-17 Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co. Ltd. Ensemble cathode et allumeur a plasma pourvu d'un tel ensemble cathode
FR2842389A1 (fr) 2002-07-09 2004-01-16 Physiques Ecp Et Chimiques Dispositif modulaire pour generer de multiples decharges electriques glissantes de haute tension
PL196651B1 (pl) 2002-05-08 2008-01-31 Politechnika Wroclawska Urządzenie do plazmowego zapłonu rozpylonych paliw ciekłych
WO2008103433A1 (fr) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Ceramatec, Inc. Électrode en céramique pour arc électrique glissant
US20090056222A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2009-03-05 Gutsol Alexander F Cyclonic reactor with non-equilibrium gliding discharge and plasma process for reforming of solid hydrocarbons
WO2010062101A2 (fr) 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 트리플코어스코리아 Appareil d’allumage de plasma à pression normale et procédé d’allumage de plasma à pression normale utilisant ledit appareil
PL207901B1 (pl) 2006-03-07 2011-02-28 Jerzy Dora Sposób i urządzenie do uruchamiania palników plazmowych
WO2011070819A1 (fr) 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 株式会社新川 Dispositif d'amorçage de plasma, procédé d'amorçage de plasma et dispositif de génération de plasma

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DE3441358C2 (fr) 1984-06-14 1987-01-15 Skf Steel Engineering Ab, Hofors, Se
FR2639172A1 (fr) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-18 Electricite De France Dispositif de generation de plasmas basse temperature par formation de decharges electriques glissantes
DD291611A5 (de) 1989-01-16 1991-07-04 Imatran Voima Oy,Fi Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anfahren des kessels einer mit festem brennstoff beheizten energieerzeugungsanlage
WO1998030524A1 (fr) * 1997-01-13 1998-07-16 Carbon Resources, Ltd. Transformation d'hydrocarbures assistee par des arcs electriques glissants
EP1371905A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2003-12-17 Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co. Ltd. Ensemble cathode et allumeur a plasma pourvu d'un tel ensemble cathode
PL196651B1 (pl) 2002-05-08 2008-01-31 Politechnika Wroclawska Urządzenie do plazmowego zapłonu rozpylonych paliw ciekłych
FR2842389A1 (fr) 2002-07-09 2004-01-16 Physiques Ecp Et Chimiques Dispositif modulaire pour generer de multiples decharges electriques glissantes de haute tension
US20090056222A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2009-03-05 Gutsol Alexander F Cyclonic reactor with non-equilibrium gliding discharge and plasma process for reforming of solid hydrocarbons
PL207901B1 (pl) 2006-03-07 2011-02-28 Jerzy Dora Sposób i urządzenie do uruchamiania palników plazmowych
WO2008103433A1 (fr) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Ceramatec, Inc. Électrode en céramique pour arc électrique glissant
WO2010062101A2 (fr) 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 트리플코어스코리아 Appareil d’allumage de plasma à pression normale et procédé d’allumage de plasma à pression normale utilisant ledit appareil
WO2011070819A1 (fr) 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 株式会社新川 Dispositif d'amorçage de plasma, procédé d'amorçage de plasma et dispositif de génération de plasma

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"Best Western Falls Church Inn", 16 September 2007, article "4th International Workshop and Exhibition on Plasma Assisted Combustion (IWEPAC"
E. I. KARPENKO; YU. E. KARPENKO; V. E. MESSERLE; A. B. USTIMENKO, PLENARY REPORTS FROM THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PLASMA CHEMISTRY, 3 September 2008 (2008-09-03)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106132057A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-11-16 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 一种生物质锅炉点火方法

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