EP2723555A1

EP2723555A1 - Container, in particular a self-supporting container, and method for producing same

Info

Publication number: EP2723555A1
Application number: EP12735778.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Georg WEIRATHER
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-06-22
Filing date: 2012-06-21
Publication date: 2014-04-30
Also published as: WO2012175208A1; CA2839955A1; US20140106100A1; DE102011105300A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a container, preferably a tank, in particular for liquids, wherein the container comprises at least one fiber-reinforced plastic component (111), wherein the fiber-reinforced plastic component comprises a combination mat, in particular a sandwich mat having a nonwoven structure and reinforcement materials that are connected to the nonwoven structure, in particular fiber materials.

Description

Container, in particular self-supporting container,

Process for producing the same

The invention relates to a container, in particular a self-supporting

Container, preferably in the form of a tank, in particular for liquids, wherein the container comprises at least one fiber-reinforced plastic component and a method for producing the same.

The production of containers, which were preferably used as a tank for liquids, such as organic liquids such as organic waste, was carried out by hand lamination. For this purpose, first a layer of a glass fiber semi-finished product from a cut fiber mat and a fabric complex or a fabric was placed in a mold. Subsequently, the

Glass semi-finished soaked example with an unsaturated polyester resin and rolled air inclusions with a roll.

After a first layer has been produced in this manner, a new layer of the glass fiber semi-finished product is placed on the cured first layer and the steps repeated until the desired material thickness is reached.

In general, the containers according to the prior art were constructed in two parts, namely an upper shell and a lower shell, which were joined together by a lamination process. First, upper and lower shell were made in the described hand lamination process. To give the container the necessary stability in a developed

Embodiment, in the container according to the prior art

Reinforcement walls, so-called Schwappwände introduced. The

Schwappwände were in turn made by hand lamination. For this purpose, in a first method according to the prior art, a support form for the laminate was placed in the tank and the rear wall and the

Reinforcement, preferably the Schwappwandung to the tank wall of Lower shell laminated. Alternatively, the reinforcing walls, ie prefabricated the sloshing walls, separated supernatant glass fibers and the reinforcing wall are then laminated with adhesive resin in the lower shell. Any introduced adhesive resin was used only for fixation in order to be able to laminate the slosh wall or reinforcement wall in the prior art after fixing.

In general, when manufacturing a container is not just a single

Glass fiber mat used, but it is a variety of glass fiber layers, for example, up to 5 or more fiberglass layers, respectively

Glass fiber mats for the preparation of the container arranged one above the other. As described above, in the prior art, each individual layer must be processed in several individual steps, i. H. Laying the fabric mat, impregnating the same with resin, expelling the air inclusions by rolling, curing are made. This was a very time-consuming process.

The lamination process according to the prior art z. B. when hand lamination runs as follows. First, in a negative mold, a gel coat against UV radiation and abrasion, which may be colorless or colored, introduced and dried. The dried gelcoat is then painted with colorless or colored resin and then the cut-fiber mat is applied and again coated with resin. Due to the internal binder of the cut fiber mat, which dissolves in the styrene of the resin, it is necessary to wait a short time until the cut fiber mat can be rolled or adjusted with, for example, a roller to the contour of the negative mold. If the cutting fiber mat with the roller adapted to the contour, the glass fiber fabric is inserted and coated with resin. If a plurality of glass fiber fabric layers are arranged one above the other and cure the underlying layers in the process described, the hardened layers must be re-coated with resin in order to place more fabric, for example, the second or the third fabric and coat with resin can. The described laminating structure is repeated position by location until the complete structure has resulted, for example, with five fiberglass layers. The described reinforcement walls, which are also referred to as Schwappwände, are also with a

Lamination method prepared as described, wherein in subsequent

Inserting the reinforcing walls in the already produced lower shell resulting joint seams on the insides can still be overlaminated with a Schnittfasermatte.

A disadvantage of the method according to the prior art, on the one hand the high environmental impact due to escaping volatile substances in the environment when curing the adhesive resins and the complex production

For example, gain areas by subsequent lamination of reinforcing layers. Thus, longitudinal reinforcement in the supports and reinforcements at flange areas would have to be carried out in a further operation.

The containers made according to the prior art method described above had the disadvantage that they had distinguished themselves only by a very low fiber volume content. For example, the fiber volume content was at most 35%. Another problem was that the surfaces according to the prior art were not sufficiently smooth. Thus, the inside of the containers have a light mat structure. Another disadvantage was that the prior art containers further had a high porosity of more than 10%.

As a result, prior art containers have no

have sufficient strength to train self-supporting container can. Containers according to the prior art always had to go through

Supporting devices are supported, which carry the container. A further disadvantage of the containers according to the prior art was that no large container volumes of more than 10,000 I, in particular more than 16,000 I, preferably in the range 16,000 I to 30,000 I with a simple production with high quality of the container surfaces was possible.

From US Pat. No. 3,010,602 a tank made of glass fibers has become known, it being possible to achieve a fiber volume fraction of> 60% by pressure and removal of excess resin, although no statement is made in terms of porosity in US Pat. No. 3,010,602; the production process is also not described. Sizes of the tank are not specified.

US 2,977,269 describes a method of making a tank of glass fibers having a high density of intermeshing reinforcing fibers. A fiber volume fraction is not specified in US 2,977,269, nor a detailed manufacturing process.

DE 101 40 166 describes a method and an apparatus for the production of fiber-reinforced plastic components from dry fiber composite semi-finished products by means of an injection method and a subsequent curing. However, DE 101 40 166 does not describe the production of tank containers, moreover, fiber volume fraction and porosity of the components are not specified.

From EP 1 393 883 a method, a device and a

Tool arrangement for the production of components made of fiber composite material by means of temperature and pressure-controlled injection technique specified. Also, EP 1 393 883 does not show the production of tank containers, and the fiber volume fraction and the porosity of the components are not specified.

The object of the invention is to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and in particular in a first aspect of the invention to provide a container which differs from the prior art by improved material properties, in particular a better quality

distinguished. In particular, large-volume containers should be provided with high quality of the surface. Furthermore, according to a second aspect of the invention, a method is to be specified which provides containers with the properties according to the invention in an environmentally compatible manner.

According to the invention, this object is preferred by a container, in particular in the form of a self-supporting container as a tank, in particular for

Solved liquids, wherein the container comprises at least one fiber-reinforced plastic component. The plastic component, which at least partially forms the container, is characterized in that the fiber-reinforced

Plastic component comprises a combination mat, in particular a sandwich mat with a nonwoven scaffold and connected to the nonwoven scaffold reinforcing materials, in particular fiber materials, preferably chopped fibers.

As a result, in contrast to the use of pure cut fiber mats flooding during the introduction of resin is prevented.

In a preferred embodiment, the nonwoven scaffold comprises a polypropylene (PP) scaffold. The fiber material particularly preferably comprises carbon fiber (CFRP, glass fiber (GRP, aramid fiber (AFK), boron fiber (BFK) or hybrid materials.) In one advantageous embodiment, the fiber volume fraction is greater than 40%, in particular in the range 45-80% in the range 40% -70%, very particularly preferably 40% to 50%, in particular also in the range 60% to 70%, and / or the porosity of the plastic component is less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, very particularly preferably <than 1%, particularly preferably the range 1% -0.1%. The containers of the invention are characterized by a much higher quality laminate than the prior art and due to the high fiber volume content sufficient strength z. B. for a self-supporting tank. The low porosity has the advantage that the product has a better

Quality. In particular, the product is also characterized by a

Surface with a very high smoothness with a low average roughness R _z , which can even be felt very well with the fingers.

The average roughness depth is determined with an electric key cutting device according to DIN 4768, sheet 1, issue 1974. Under roughness in the present application according to the VDI Encyclopaedia "Materials", edited by Hubert Gräfen, VDI-Verlag 1993, the regular and irregular recurring shape deviation of the surface of solids understood, the

Ratio of shape deviation to its depth between 100: 1 and 5: 1. The roughness difference can be easily determined with the naked eye.

In particular, the container according to the invention are characterized by smooth

Inner pages that have no mat structure. As shown, the containers of the invention are characterized by a much higher quality laminate than the prior art and due to the high fiber volume content sufficient strength z. B. for one

self-supporting tank. The low porosity has the advantage that the product has a better quality. Furthermore, the products have a very high smoothness on both the inside and the outside, i. a low one

Surface roughness, on. This has the advantage that mat structures in the surface on the inside of the container can be avoided.

A combination mat according to the invention, for example, the combination mat or combination mat Coroplex® the PD Glasseiden GmbH Oschatz, Wellerswalder Weg 17, D-04758 Oschatz. The combination mat Coroplex® is one Sandwich construction in which one, two or more E or ECR glass reinforcement materials (eg cut mat, roving fabric, multiaxial fabric, fleece) are mechanically bonded to a PP fleece or PP knit fabric. An almost unlimited number of combinations is possible.

The invention particularly preferably provides containers having a volume greater than 10,000 l, preferably greater than 16,000 l, in particular greater than 20,000 l, and preferably in the range 10,000 l to 40,000 l, in particular 16,000 l to 30,000 l

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the container is designed at least in two parts, namely with a first container part of an upper shell 77 and a second container part of a lower shell 3, which are manufactured separately and assembled after their preparation. Preferably, in the case of the container is designed as a self-supporting container, the second container part, d. H. provided the lower shell 3 with reinforcing areas, for example, characterized in that in the region of the bottom of the lower part, the thickness of the laminate layers is greater than, for example, that of the walls. In addition to the reinforcing regions, the container according to the invention can comprise reinforcing walls, so-called slosh walls, which stiffen the container in the transverse direction as well as in the longitudinal direction.

It is particularly environmentally friendly if, as a method for producing a container according to the invention, a so-called injection method such as

For example, in a first embodiment in DE 100 13 409 C1, the disclosure of which is fully included in the present application, is used.

In the method according to the invention of the first embodiment (VAP method), a dry preform or a dry fiber composite half-tool produced in which dry fabric layers in particular comprising carbon fiber (CFRP), glass fiber (GRP), aramid fiber (AFK), boron fiber (BFK) or hybrid materials inserted in a negative mold. For this purpose, first a gelcoat against UV radiation and abrasion is brought into a negative mold and allowed to dry in the negative mold. In the negative mold according to the invention sets Kombimatten, which with a

Spray adhesive can be fixed. Alternatively, you can also put individual glass fiber fabric in the negative mold and fix with spray adhesives. The dry structure in the negative mold also allows in addition to the fabric layers, for example by Kombimatten or Glasfaserendlosmatten or

Fiberglass fabric to insert other semi-finished products, such as mats of other materials for eventual reinforcement, such as aramid fibers (AFK) or boron fibers (BFK). On the counter-mold can also be attached a tear-off fabric. After the entire layer structure and possibly

Abreißgewebe, have been completed in the first step, a membrane is placed over the dry fiber composite semifinished product in a further process step, and thus a first space is formed, which surrounds the dry fiber composite semifinished product. The membrane is permeable to gas but impermeable to the liquid matrix material to be introduced, which hardens and surrounds the dry fiber composite semi-finished product. In order to seal the first space formed by the membrane, the membrane can be glued to the mold edge of the negative mold, for example with a sealing tape.

In a further method step, in the first method (VAP method) a second space is formed between the first space and the environment by means of a gas and matrix material impermeable film.

As a result, the environment is completely protected from escaping from the manufacturing process gases. The second space can be formed, for example, by a vacuum bag, which is arranged above the first space, wherein the vacuum bag with sealing tape attached to the mold edge of the female mold so that also the membrane, which is permeable to gas and impermeable to the matrix material, lies under the vacuum bag.

Following the training of first and second room will be

Matrix material, in particular thermosetting resins, such as unsaturated

Polyester resin, vinyl ester resin or epoxy resin injected into the first room. After introducing or injecting the matrix material into the first space, air is simultaneously sucked out of the second space, which extracts the gases which are produced during drying of the matrix material in the first space. The injected matrix material penetrates into the dry fiber composite semi-finished product in the first space, resulting in a part of the container after curing. In particular, a self-supporting container can be produced in this way. In particular, the injection of the resin works by allowing the air from the first space described above, i. H. The mold is evacuated until a vacuum is applied under the vacuum bag. The resin or matrix material is drawn into the assembly via the applied vacuum and the membrane, which is impermeable to resin, prevents resin from entering the pump circuit. The whole of the membrane enclosed dry

Fiber composite semifinished product then runs full of resin and after curing, the component with a fiber volume fraction> 40%, in particular in the range 45-80%, preferably in the range 50-70%, in particular in the range 60-70% and / or a porosity <10%, preferably <5%, very preferably <1%, in particular in the range 1% to 0.1% are taken from the negative mold. The curing is usually carried out at room temperature, with a leakage of vapors into the environment through the film, which separates the second space from the environment, is prevented. If the resin does not cure at room temperature, such as

For example, with unsaturated resin, so a supportive curing can be made by means of a mold heating. Resins in which such mold heating is necessary are, for example, vinyl ester resin and epoxy resin. Instead of the method described above according to DE 100 13 409 C1, which is also referred to as VAP method, it is also possible to use a plastic mold and a plastic counter-mold as a method for producing the container according to the invention. In the present application, the

Plastic mold also referred to as mother mold and the plastic counterform as father form. The plastic mold or mother mold is synonymous with the

Negative mold according to the first method.

The second possible method is also referred to as Light RTM (Light Resin Transfer Molding). The advantage of this method, in particular compared to the VAP method, is the lower manufacturer effort, which is reflected in particular in lower production costs.

In the RTM process, as in the previously described VAP process, a matrix material, preferably a thermosetting resin, is also incorporated into one

Space introduced, d. H. injected. In contrast to the method described above, the injection of the matrix material in the Light RTM method is assisted by a pump or by height difference. Furthermore, in addition to the negative mold or mother mold, as in the VAP process, a counter mold, preferably a plastic mold or father mold, is also used.

The use of the pump or the height difference when sucking in the matrix material in the Light RTM process causes the

Matrix material, in particular the thermosetting resin, with slight pressure between the negative mold and the counter-mold, preferably the plastic counter-mold, is pressed. As a result, a very smooth surface is achieved both on the inside and on the outside of the component thus produced.

The process of the Light RTM process will be described shortly in the following. As described above, for the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method, a plastic mold (father mold) and a plastic mold (mother mold) are used. Unlike a single-mold lamination process, with the Light RTM process in place, the edge of the parent mold is wide enough to accommodate a resin channel, seal, closing vacuum, and a

Final seal.

Between the parent and father molds, which are formed as solid shapes, a predefined gap is formed, which is produced by means of a spacer laminate. In the Light RTM process, resin is applied to one side, e.g. B. introduced from above, from below or across, for example, with a pump or gravity and sucked on the opposite side with vacuum until resin reaches the vacuum circuit. Particularly preferred is prior to injecting the matrix material Vaterform and mother shape brought by a closing vacuum with each other to the plant

closed. In addition, a container vacuum is formed before and during the injection of the matrix material. It is particularly advantageous if the injection or injection of the

Matrix material with a preferably provided by a pump

Injection pressure of 0.5 to 0.7 bar.

Specifically, in order to produce a container or container part according to the RTM method, gelcoat is first introduced into the mold in a possible embodiment, then the gelcoat is dried and glass fiber is applied to the gelcoat. Then all fiberglass layers are fixed by means of adhesive. When introducing the fiberglass layers, all reinforcements are inserted. As with the previously described method, it is possible to do that

Fiberglass material as combination mats z. B. in the form of endless mats that are folded to give a multi-layer structure or as single mats in to bring in the form. After incorporation of all fiberglass layers, including the reinforcements, the plastic counter-mold is prepared to introduce the resin and optionally hardener. One possible combination mat is Coroplex® from PD Glasseiden GmbH Oschatz, as described above.

The preparation includes connecting, for example, the

Vacuum suction lines and closing vacuum to the vacuum pump. By means of the vacuum pump, the closing vacuum channel and the component is evacuated.

Hardener is then mixed with the resin with a pump and the resin with hardener is conveyed via a main line connected to a sprue connection into the resin channel, preferably at a pressure of 0.5 to 0.7 bar. The resin is distributed from the resin channel in the gap between the father and mother form, in which the glass fibers or glass fiber mats were inserted.

The amount of resin required to make a container is pumped into the gap. The use of combination mats rather than pure cut fiber mats prevents the fibrous material from being washed away from the inlaid position when the resin is injected under pressure. In the case of the combination mats, the anchoring of the fiber materials in the nonwoven structures prevents them

Washing out or Wegschwermmen the fiber material. The combination mat thus provides a kind of flow aid for the introduced into the gap resin. In particular, the nonwoven structure of the combination mat at the applied pressures of 0.5 to 0.7 bar when injecting the resin material is largely incompressible.

By pumping in the resin, all inserted fiberglass layers are impregnated all reinforcements and also the longitudinal reinforcements one after the other. The fiberglass layers harden but almost simultaneously. This will be a very good Strength achieved with very few air inclusions. Furthermore, the component thus produced is very stress-free.

With the second method (RTM) described above, more glass fibers can be inserted and injected with the same wall thickness as in a manual lamination component, preferably up to 60%, more preferably up to 50%, in particular up to 40% more fiber volume fraction. The introduced into the gap resin flows in the gap and thus in the formed part in the gap to the

Vakuumabsaugstutzen.

Once the component has been formed, the gelcoat combines with the resin and dissolves from the mold during removal. After curing of the component, the plastic mold (father form) is separated by compressed air from the component and removed the component.

It is particularly advantageous when, for example, the lower shell or the upper shell or the reinforcing walls, the so-called slosh walls, in contrast to the currently common

Manufacturing process all reinforcing layers of the reinforcing regions are introduced equal to the dry fiber composite semi-finished, so that a

subsequent on or lamination as in the prior art is no longer necessary. Furthermore, the method according to the invention allows the complete structure of the structure before introduction of the matrix material, ie. H. to complete from resin.

Thus, instead of juxtaposed short webs with, for example, 1, 5m length continuous webs of 5-7m length can be used. Furthermore, the formation of overlaps is then no longer necessary. Even with the reinforcement walls or slosh walls, it is possible to manufacture the reinforcement walls in one piece with all Anflanschflächen, so that only a gluing of the reinforcing walls in the lower shell 3 is necessary, for example with a Vinylestherkleber. A lamination, as in the art of Schwappwände in the lower shell 3 is no longer necessary.

The invention finds particular application in the construction of containers, preferably tanks in particular with volumes greater than 10,000 I, preferably greater than 16,000 I, in particular greater than 20,000 I and preferably in the range 10,000 I to 40,000 I, in particular 16,000 I to 30,000 I. Further the method is used in particular for the production of agricultural containers. The method can also be used for the production of self-supporting containers or wind turbine blades.

The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings without limitation thereto. Show it:

Fig. 1a - 1b a container with an upper shell and a lower shell, as can be produced according to the invention in section and a

Side view of the upper shell.

2 shows a basic view of the production of a lower shell according to the first method (VPN method) according to the invention.

3 is a schematic view of the production of a lower shell according to the second method of the invention (RTM method)

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a combination mat and its structure.

Fig. 5a, 5b installation of the sloshed walls according to the prior art and

according to the invention Fig. 6a, 6b connecting the upper and lower shell according to the prior art and according to the invention

In Figure 1a in a front view of the basic structure of a two-part container according to the invention is shown. The two-part container 1 consists of an upper shell 7 and a lower shell 3, the tightly interconnected to give the container of the invention. A side view in Figure 1b shows only the upper shell 7 in the lower shell 3 reinforcing layers 5 are introduced in the longitudinal direction for a self-supporting structure (not shown).

Furthermore, it is also easy to see the recesses 8, which, if the illustrated container is designed as a vehicle with wheels, can accommodate the wheels. The low porosity of generally less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, preferably less than 1% of the plastic components according to the invention here in the form of a lower shell 3, have the advantage that a higher mechanical strength has been achieved. In combination with the high fiber volume content of greater than 40%, preferably greater than 50%, in particular 40% -80%, preferably 40% to 50%, preferably 0-70%, in particular 60-70% of the component according to the invention becomes the higher mechanical Strength at significantly reduced

Weight achieved over the prior art and a very high smoothness with low roughness R ₂ . In Figure 2, now only the device for producing the lower shell 3 is shown with all facilities to perform the inventive method according to the first embodiment (VAP method). Clearly visible is the negative mold 9 in the for the production of the container component

Combination mats, short combination mats or endless mats 11, but also cutting fiber mats, the multi-layered folded area (not shown) in the container yield, shown. Preferably come according to the first Embodiment of the inventive method, as shown in Fig. 2, not single mats, but endless mats 11, in particular combination mats for use. Above the mats inserted in the negative mold, which are in the

Reinforcement area has doublings 5, one for the

Matrix material non-permeable membrane 13 introduced. However, the membrane 13, which is impermeable to the matrix, is permeable to gaseous media, such as air and fumes produced during curing. Such a membrane is described in DE 100 13 409 C1. The disclosure of this document is incorporated in full in the present application.

Above the non-transmissive but volatile-permeable membrane for the matrix material is a film 15 which is impermeable to both the matrix material and gaseous media. Between the membrane 13 and the mold 9 is a first space 20 between the film 15 and the membrane 13, a second space 30. The second space 30 is also used as a vacuum space or

Vacuum bag called. In the case of the VAP production method according to the invention, initially the endless mat 3 or the individual fabrics are placed in the mold 9, if necessary with the necessary reinforcements, ie doublings 5 in the reinforcement region, tear-off fabrics, resin flow channels and resin entrances. After the mats are placed dry in the mold, the membrane 13 is arranged and above the membrane 13, the film 15 resulting first and second space 30. Then, the first space 20 is evacuated and after evacuating first and second space 30 in the first room 20 introduced matrix material in liquid form. The matrix material encloses the dry semifinished product 13 in the form of the fabric mats and hardens either at ambient temperature or by introducing temperature, wherein the escaping gases are withdrawn through the membrane 13 into the second space 30 and then via the vacuum from the second space 30 without getting into the environment. In order to seal the first 20 and second space 30 from the environment, both the membrane 13, and the film 15, which is the vacuum bag forms, on the mold 9 and is fixed to the mold 9 with sealing tape. After curing of the matrix material, in turn, the membrane 13 and the film 15 can be removed and the entire component can be removed from the mold 9. The component produced by the process according to FIG. 2 has a very high fiber volume content of> 40% compared to conventionally produced components and a very low porosity of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, in particular less than 1%. The height

Fiber volume content of> 40% and the low porosity of less than 10% is achieved in particular by the high compression in vacuum, in which a negative pressure of 0.8 bar and more is present on the laminate. Cutting fiber mats can also be processed in the VAP process.

FIG. 3 shows an apparatus for producing a lower shell 3 according to the second embodiment of the method according to the invention (RTM method). The same components as in Fig. 2 are occupied by 100 increased reference numerals.

Clearly visible are the trained as combination mats

Glass fiber mats 111, which folded over several layers of tissue result. A combination mat or combination mat according to the invention is, for example, the combi mat Coroplex® of P-D Glasseiden GmbH Oschatz, Wellerswalder Weg 17, D-04758 Oschatz. The combination mat Coroplex® is one

Sandwich construction in which one, two or more E or ECR glass reinforcing materials (eg cut mat, roving fabric, multiaxial scrim, fleece) are mechanically bonded to a PP nonwoven or PP knit fabric. An almost unlimited number of combinations is possible. The schematic structure of such a combination mat is shown in detail in FIG. 4. Of course, instead of multiple layers and single mats z. B. of combination mats. Furthermore, the negative mold, which is also referred to as mother mold 109, can be clearly seen. After introducing a gel coat, the glass fiber mats in the Mother mold 109 inserted. The introduction of the gel coat facilitates the

Removal from the mother mold 109. Then all fiber layers are fixed, for example by means of an adhesive in the negative mold or parent mold 109 and any reinforcements in the form of doublings 105 inserted.

Subsequently, the father form 209, which instead of the foil 15 at the RTM

Procedure occurs, inserted. The father form 209 is in contrast to the membrane to a solid form. However, mother and father form are not press molds, but are preferred by a spacer laminate on

Spaced so that between the parent mold 109 and father form 209, a predefined gap 120 is formed. At the edge of the mother mold 109, a main line 202 is formed, can be promoted by the resin in the gap 120 by means of a resin pump 400, preferably with pressure of 0.5 bar to 0.7 bar. Furthermore, the mother mold has a sprue connection, preferably a vacuum connection 204. The resin pump 400 is at the gate

connected and fed resin, preferably under pressure from the main line 202 into the gap 120. Before the resin is introduced by means of the pump 400 under pressure into the gap, father form and Mutterfrm are brought by a closing vacuum with each other or closed. In addition, a container vacuum is formed before and during the injection of the matrix material, in which the gap 120 was evacuated via the nozzle 210. Downstream of the nozzle 210 is a resin trap (not shown) to prevent resin from passing from the gap 120 to the component vacuum pump 410. The component vacuum pump 410 and the

Closing vacuum pump 420 may comprise a pump, but preferably they are designed as separate pumps. The resin pump 400 is always separate from the closing vacuum pump 420 or component vacuum pump 410

Closing vacuum and component vacuum were the father and mother mold when introducing the resin, in particular by the injection pressure for the resin

pressed apart so that no defined shape for the component is obtained. Subsequent to making the component vacuum, resin is applied over the

Main line 202 with pressure in the gap 120 initiated or injected. The resin can be mixed with hardener. The mixture can be used for example in the Resin pump 400 done. The resin is distributed in the gap between the male mold 209 and the female mold 109. In this way, all inserted glass fiber layers 111, in particular combination mats and reinforcements are impregnated one after the other. The resin flows in the gap 120 to the nozzle 210 until the component is formed in the gap.

Subsequently, as described previously in the VAP method, the component cured and then the counter-mold, here, for example, the father form 209 removed by compressed air and the component removed from the mother mold. From the mother mold, the component can be easily removed due to the Gelcoats.

Preferred combination mats are the combination mat Coroplex® from P-D Glasseiden GmbH Oschatz, Wellerswalder Weg 17, D-04758 Oschatz

Use. The combination mat Coroplex® is a sandwich construction in one, two or more E or ECR glass reinforcement materials (eg

Cut mat, roving fabric, multiaxial scrim, nonwoven) with a PP fleece or PP knit be mechanically connected. An almost unlimited number of combinations is possible. In Figure 4, the basic structure of such a combination mat is shown schematically in Fig. 4, the basic structure of a combination mat 500 is shown. The combination mat includes, but is not limited to, substantially three layers, a middle layer 1000, which is typically the nonwoven structure,

for example, a PP fleece. Above and below the nonwoven structure, two further layers 1101, 1102 are provided, which are a

Cutting fiber mat acts, with individual jumbled fiber sections of about 60mm in length. In order to prevent a runoff or a washing away of the cut fibers when introducing the resin into the gap is provided in combination mat according to the invention, by means of filaments 1150 to connect the cut fiber mats 1101, 1102 with the web 1000 mechanically and so on

Flushing out the cut fibers, the cutting fiber mat 1101, 1102 at

Introduce the resin to prevent. As described above, not only the tank container itself is manufactured by the method according to the invention, but also the individual

Reinforcement walls, which are called Schwappwende. FIGS. 5a and 5b show the hitherto practiced method and the new one

inventive method shown.

In the conventional method, the reinforcing walls with the

Container walls (not shown) with a laminate 1200.1, 1200.2, 1200.3, 1200.4 connected and the wall 1410 attached to the walls of the tank. This is very time consuming. In the novel manufacturing process according to Figure 5b, the slosh 1500, by means of an adhesive application to tank wall and

Folded wall 1510.1, 1510.2, 1510.3, 1510.4 fixed and then bonded with adhesive 1520. Since no resin is used here, the emissions can be reduced and we reduce the production time. Of

Furthermore, the bond is more resilient than a laminate compound according to FIG. 5a. For bonding in FIG. 5b, preference is given to a vinyl, in particular a

Used vinylester adhesive. As well as the slosh walls are connected with an adhesive, upper and lower shell 3 is also connected to each other in the new method, only with adhesive. This is shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b. Fig. 6a shows the joining of the upper and lower discs according to the method according to the prior art. The upper and lower shells 3 are fastened by means of a laminate 1600, preferably consisting of 6 layers of cut-fiber mats with a width of 10 cm in the upper and lower shells 3, if necessary, of additional adhesive.

In contrast, in accordance with FIG. 6b, in the novel method, both the upper shell 7 and the lower shell 3 are manufactured individually and provided with joining surfaces 1700.1, 1700.2. On the two joining surfaces 1700.1, 1700.2 no laminate more laminated, but only an adhesive material 1800, preferably applied a vinyl ester adhesive.

With the method according to the invention, the pollutants can be limited to less than 4 ppm with closed father and mother mold in the manufacturing process at the workplace or in the exhaust air. The first method according to the invention (VAP method) and second method (RTM method) is also particularly advantageous in terms of employee protection, since the gases escaping during the curing process can be selectively removed without entering the environment. This is accompanied by a massive

Emission reduction and C0 ₂ reduction.

In addition, no application of reinforcing layers by separate

Lamination, but reinforcements can already be inserted into the mold and loaded after loading with matrix material. The finer structure of resin and reinforcing fibers can achieve significant weight savings. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the resin consumption.

The invention relates to aspects set forth in the following sentences, which are part of the description, but not claims.

sentences

1. container (1), preferably tank, in particular for liquids, wherein the container at least one fiber-reinforced plastic component, in particular of carbon fiber (CFRP), glass fiber (GRP), aramid fibers (AFK) or

Borfasern (BFK) or hybrid materials,

characterized in that

the plastic component has a fiber volume fraction> 40%, in particular in the range 45-80%, preferably in the range 50% -70% and / or a porosity <10%, in particular <5%, more preferably <1%, particularly preferably in the range 1% - 0.1%.

Container according to sentence 1,

characterized in that

the container (1) is at least in two parts, wherein the first container part an upper shell (7) and the second container part a

Lower shell (3) is.

Container according to one of the sentences 1 to 2,

characterized in that

the container comprises reinforcement walls.

Method for producing a container, preferably a tank, in particular for liquids, preferably according to one of the sentences 1 to 3, the container being obtained from a dry fiber composite semifinished product by means of an injection method for injection of matrix material, comprising the following steps:

- Arranging dry fabric layers or endless mats (11, 111) of carbon fibers (CFK), glass fibers (GRP), aramid fibers (AFK), boron fibers (BFK) or hybrid materials in the form of at least a portion of the container in a mold (9) resulting in a dry

Fiber composite semifinished

- Forming a first space (20) by means of a gas-permeable and a matrix material impermeable membrane (13), wherein the first space (20) surrounds the dry fiber composite semi-finished product

Forming a second space (30) between the first space and the surrounding area by means of a gas and matrix material impermeable film (15) Injection of matrix material into the first space (20) and aspiration of air from the second space (30), wherein the matrix material penetrates into the dry fiber composite semifinished product, at least a part of the container preferably results in a tank method according to sentence 4,

characterized in that

the dry fabric layers or endless mats (11, 111) give the shape of a lower shell (3) of the container. Procedure according to sentence 5,

characterized in that

the dry tissue or endless mats (11, 111) in the form of a

Lower shell (3) in the reinforcement region of the lower shell (3) comprise additional fabric layers or endless mats. Method according to one of the sentences 4 to 6,

characterized in that

the container (1) in the region of the reinforcement walls additional

Fabric layers or endless mats (11, 111). Use of a method according to one of the sentences 4 to 7 for

Production of containers, preferably a tank, in particular for liquids.

Claims

claims

1. container (1), preferably tank, in particular for liquids, wherein the container comprises at least one fiber-reinforced plastic component, characterized in that

the fiber-reinforced plastic component a combination mat,

in particular a sandwich mat with a nonwoven scaffold and reinforcing materials connected to the nonwoven scaffold, in particular

Fiber materials includes.

2. Container according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the nonwoven scaffold is a polypropylene (PP) scaffold.

3. Container according to one of claims 1 to 2,

characterized in that

the fiber material comprises carbon fibers (CFK), aramid fibers (AFK) or boron fibers (BFK) or hybrid materials.

4. Container according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized in that

the plastic component has a fiber volume fraction> 40%, in particular in the range 40-80%, preferably in the range 40-50%.

5. Container according to one of claims 1 to 4,

characterized in that

the plastic component has a porosity <10%, in particular <5%, very preferably <1%, particularly preferably in the range 1% -0.1% and / or has a surface with a very high smoothness. Container according to one of claims 1 to 5,

characterized in that

the container has a volume and the volume is greater than

10,000 I, preferably greater than 16,000 I, in particular greater than 20,000 I and is preferably in the range 10,000 I to 40,000 I, in particular 16,000 I to 30,000 I.

Container according to one of claims 1 to 6

characterized in that

Lower shell (3) is.

Container according to one of claims 1 to 7,

characterized in that

the container comprises reinforcement walls (1410, 1500).

Container according to one of claims 7 to 8, characterized in that upper (7) - and / or lower shell (3) have joining surfaces and on the joining surfaces (1700.1, 1700.2) for connecting upper (7) - and / or lower shell (3 ) An adhesive (1800), in particular a vinyl ester adhesive is applied.

Container according to one of claims 8 to 9,

characterized in that

for applying the reinforcement walls (1500), an adhesive (1520), in particular a vinyl ester adhesive, is applied to side walls of the container and / or the reinforcement walls.

11. A process for producing a container, preferably a tank, in particular for liquids preferably according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the container is obtained from a dry fiber composite - semifinished by means of an injection method for injection of matrix material, comprising the following steps: i. Arranging dry tissue layers in the form of

Combination mats (11, 111) in a mold (9) resulting in a dry fiber composite semifinished product

ii. Forming a first space (20) by means of a gas permeable and a matrix material impermeable membrane (13), wherein the first space (20) surrounds the dry fiber composite semifinished product

iii. Form one between the first room and the one in the area

lying second space (30) by means of a gas and matrix material impermeable film (15)

iv. Injecting matrix material into the first space (20) and exhausting air from the second space (30), wherein the matrix material penetrates into the dry fiber composite semi-finished, yield at least a portion of the container, in particular the self-supporting container, preferably the tank.

12. The method according to claim 11,

characterized in that

the combination mats comprises carbon fibers (CFK), aramid fibers (AFK), boron fibers (BFK) or hybrid materials.

13. Method for producing a container, preferably a tank,

in particular for liquids preferably according to one of claims 1 to 0, wherein the container obtained from a dry fiber composite - semi-finished by means of an injection method for injection of matrix material is, comprising the following steps:

- Arranging dry fabric layers in the form of combination mats (111) resulting in at least a portion of the container in a mother mold (109) resulting in a dry fiber composite semifinished product

- Arranging a father mold (209) to the parent mold (109) such that the fiber composite semi-finished between the mother mold (109) and father form (209) comes to rest

- Injection of matrix material into the gap or gap (120), supported by a pressure and / or height difference between the mother mold (109) and counterform or father form (209), in particular by a pump (400) such that

- The matrix material penetrates into the dry fiber composite semi-finished, at least a part of the container, in particular the

self-supporting container, preferably the tank.

14. The method according to claim 13,

characterized in that

prior to injecting the matrix material father mold (209) and mother mold (109) by a closing vacuum brought into contact with each other or

getting closed.

15. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 14,

characterized in that

before and during injection of the matrix material, a container volume

is trained.

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15,

characterized in that

the injection or injection of the matrix material takes place with an injection pressure of 0.5 to 0.7 bar, preferably provided by a pump. Method according to one of claims 13 to 16,

characterized in that

the dry fabric layers give the shape of a lower shell (3) of the container.

Method according to claim 17,

characterized in that

the dry fabric layer in the form of a lower shell (3) in

Reinforcement area of the lower shell (3) additional fabric layers or endless mats (11, 111) include.

Method according to one of claims 13 to 17,

characterized in that

the container (1) in the region of the reinforcement walls (1410, 1500) comprises additional layers of fabric.

Use of a method according to one of claims 13 to 19 for the production of containers, in particular self-supporting containers, preferably a tank, in particular for liquids.

Use according to claim 20,

characterized in that

the container has a volume and the volume is greater than 10,000 l, preferably greater than 16,000 l, in particular greater than 20,000 l, and preferably in the range 10,000 l to 40,000 l, in particular 16,000 l to 30,000 l.