EP2721285A1 - Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et procede de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice - Google Patents

Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et procede de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice

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Publication number
EP2721285A1
EP2721285A1 EP12717056.1A EP12717056A EP2721285A1 EP 2721285 A1 EP2721285 A1 EP 2721285A1 EP 12717056 A EP12717056 A EP 12717056A EP 2721285 A1 EP2721285 A1 EP 2721285A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
energy converter
wave energy
wave
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12717056.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin Hagemann
Nik Scharmann
Jos RITZEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2721285A1 publication Critical patent/EP2721285A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/126—Rotors for essentially axial flow, e.g. for propeller turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/144—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which lifts water above sea level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/1825—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/1825—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation
    • F03B13/183—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation of a turbine-like wom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wave energy converter for converting energy from a wave motion of a fluid into another form of energy and a corresponding method.
  • Floating known by the lifting and lowering, for example, a linear generator is driven.
  • the so-called "Wave Roller” a planar resistance element is attached to the seabed, which is tilted back and forth by the wave motion.
  • the kinetic energy of the resistance element is converted in a generator, for example, into electrical energy.
  • a maximum damping or load factor of 0.5 can be achieved, so that their economic efficiency is generally unsatisfactory.
  • particular wave energy converters are of interest, which are arranged substantially below the water surface, and in which a crankshaft or rotor shaft is set in rotation by the wave motion.
  • US 2010/0150716 A1 discloses a system of several high-speed rotors with buoyancy rotors in which the rotor period is smaller than the wave period and a separate profile adjustment is made. By a suitable, but not further disclosed adjustment of the lift rotor resulting forces to be generated on the system, which can be used for different purposes.
  • a disadvantage of the system disclosed in US 2010/0150716 A1 is the use of high-speed rotors of the Voith-Schneider type, which require a great deal of effort in adjusting the lift rotor. These must be continuously adjusted in a not inconsiderable angle range in order to be adapted to the prevailing flow conditions prevailing on the lift rotor. To compensate for the forces acting on the individual rotors, resulting from rotor and generator torque forces more rotors are always required at defined distances from each other.
  • the object of the invention is to improve rotating wave energy converters, in particular in the sense of a greater energy yield and a lower constructional and / or control-related expense.
  • a wave energy converter for converting energy from a wave movement of a fluid into another form of energy with at least one rotor, which is coupled to at least one energy converter.
  • the rotor has a two-sided rotor base with respect to its plane of rotation, wherein at least one coupling body is mounted on each side of the rotor base.
  • the forces acting on a generator coupled to the rotor and convertible into usable energy can be increased, and the position of a corresponding wave energy converter can be selectively controlled by deliberately influencing effective moments on both sides of the two-sided rotor base, as explained below , If the forces acting on both sides of the two-sided rotor base are different, a torque acting perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the two-sided rotor can be generated on the rotor and thus a rotation of the wave energy converter can be effected.
  • a precise alignment, e.g. to a wave propagation direction, is possible. Not all coupling body must necessarily be designed to be adjustable, an adjustability of only a portion of the coupling body is sufficient.
  • an adjustment of the coupling body can be completely dispensed with, so that only by a generator torque, as explained below, specifically the respective acting forces can be influenced. This results in a particularly robust construction and a reduced maintenance susceptibility, especially in view of the harsh conditions on the high seas.
  • At least one coupling body may be adjustably formed on at least one side of the rotor base, wherein corresponding adjusting means are provided for adjusting the at least one coupling body on the at least one side of the two-sided rotor base.
  • corresponding adjusting means are provided for adjusting the at least one coupling body on the at least one side of the two-sided rotor base.
  • different configurations may be advantageous.
  • a different moment influencing on two sides of a corresponding double-sided rotor is already possible in that only one coupling body is adjustable on one side of a double-sided rotor, the one or the other, but not on the other side, in particular.
  • several or all of the coupling bodies may be adjustable on one side, but not on the other side.
  • configurations can be used in which an adjustment of several or all coupling body on both sides is possible. Depending on the scope of the adjustment results in a more or less expensive construction. The higher the The degree of adjustability is the more flexible a corresponding rotor can be adapted or
  • a plurality of rotors can be used in a corresponding device or a corresponding method, with which in each case an identical or deviating effective force is generated.
  • the generated effective forces can overlap to a total force, which can be influenced by the respective contributions.
  • An advantageous method comprises operating a wave energy converter having at least one rotor and at least one energy converter coupled to the at least one rotor, wherein the shaft movement causes a first torque acting on the at least one rotor and the second at least one energy converter acting on the at least one rotor Torque is generated.
  • the "first" torque is composed of the two “first” torques acting on each side of the rotor.
  • a desired effective force acting perpendicular to a rotation axis of the at least one rotor is set by adjusting the first and / or second torque.
  • a corresponding wave energy converter can also operate with only one rotor, since it can even compensate for any moments acting on it perpendicular to the axis of rotation or superimposed forces and therefore no oppositely directed force of a second or further rotor is required .
  • the invention presented here generally considers plants with a rotary action principle, eg also converters with several rotors, as shown for example in FIG. The following explanations therefore apply in principle to wave energy converters with one or more rotors.
  • a wave energy converter with at least one, as explained below, advantageously provided synchronously or largely synchronously to a wave (orbital) movement or flow rotating rotor for the conversion of energy from a wavy body, which is energetically and control technology advantageous, and at in addition, by a corresponding operation or constructive design aims to influence resulting forces and be harnessed for influencing the overall system.
  • a wave energy converter can be achieved with a suitable design and operation almost complete extinction and thus utilization of the incoming wave. This is especially true for monochromatic waves.
  • the adjustment of the lift rotor used in a corresponding wave energy converter, ie of coupling bodies, which are adapted to implement a wave motion in a buoyancy force and thus in a torque of a rotor, does not or only to a small extent due to the synchronous or largely synchronous operation, since an incident flow of a corresponding profile is largely carried out over the entire rotation of the profile-carrying rotor away from a same direction of flow.
  • An adjustment of an angle of attack ⁇ as in the known Voith-Schneider rotors (also referred to as Pitchen), is therefore not necessary, but may be advantageous.
  • the water particles move on largely circular so-called orbital orbits (in the form of an orbital motion or orbital flow, whereby both terms are also used synonymously).
  • the water particles move under a wave crest in the direction of propagation of the wave, under the wave trough against the wave propagation direction and in the two zero crossings upwards or downwards.
  • the flow direction at a fixed point below the water surface (referred to as local or instantaneous flow) thus changes continuously with a certain angular velocity O.
  • the orbital flow is largely circular in the deep water, and in the shallow water the circular orbitals become increasingly flat ellipses , A flow may be superimposed on the orbital flow.
  • the orbital radii are dependent on the depth. They are maximal at the surface - here the orbital diameter corresponds to the wave height - and decrease exponentially with increasing water depth. At a water depth of about half the wavelength, therefore, only about 5% of the energy can be obtained as near the water surface. Submerged wave energy converters are therefore preferably operated close to the surface.
  • a rotor is provided with a substantially horizontal rotor axis and at least one coupling body.
  • the rotor advantageously rotates synchronously with the orbital flow at an angular velocity ⁇ and is transmitted via the at least one coupling head. body driven by the orbital flow.
  • first torque referred to in the context of this invention as "first torque” or “rotor torque”
  • rotor torque acts on the rotor Rotor rotation movement and those of the orbital flow, at least to some extent, match (for the term “synchronicity” used here below), so there is always a constant local flow on the coupling body apart from the mentioned depth effect and width effects at large rotor diameters
  • the wave motion can be continuously withdrawn from energy and converted by the rotor into a usable torque.
  • Coupled body is understood to mean any structure by means of which the energy of an inflowing fluid can be coupled into a rotor movement or a corresponding rotor moment.
  • Coupling bodies can, as explained below, be designed in particular as a lift rotor (also referred to as a "wing”), but also comprise resistance rotors.
  • synchronicity may refer to a rotor rotation movement, due to which there is a complete match between the position of the rotor and the direction of the local flow, which is caused by the orbital flow at any time.
  • a "synchronous" rotor rotation movement can also take place such that a defined angle or a defined angular range (ie the phase angle is over a revolution within the angular range) results.
  • the result is therefore a defined phase offset or phase angle ⁇ between the rotor rotational movement ⁇ and the orbital flow O.
  • the "position" of the rotor or of the at least one coupling body arranged on the rotor is always e.g. definable by an imaginary line through the rotor axis and, for example, the axis of rotation or the center of gravity of a coupling body.
  • Such synchronicity is directly derivable especially for monochromatic wave states, ie wave states with always constant orbital flow O.
  • monochromatic wave states ie wave states with always constant orbital flow O.
  • multichromatic wave states ie in real sea conditions where orbital velocity and diameter are due to mutual superposition of waves, changing wind influence and Same, change (so-called multichromatic wave states), but can also be provided that the machine is operated under a constant angle only to a certain extent to the respective current flow.
  • an angular range can be defined within which the synchronicity is still considered to be maintained.
  • suitable control measures including the adjustment of at least one coupling body for generating said first torque and / or a braking or accelerating second torque of the energy converter. Not all coupling bodies must necessarily be adjusted or have a corresponding adjustment. In particular, no synchronous adjustment of multiple coupling body is required.
  • the rotor may be synchronized to at least one major component of the shaft (e.g., a major mode of superimposed shafts), thereby temporarily leading or lagging the local flow. This can be achieved by a corresponding adaptation of the first and / or second torque.
  • Such an operation is also encompassed by the term "synchronous", as well as a fluctuation of the phase angle in certain areas, which causes the rotor to experience an acceleration (positive or negative) in relation to the wave phase in the meantime.
  • the aforementioned first torque which, as mentioned, may consist of a plurality of first torques, can therefore be used, for example. be influenced by the angle of attack ⁇ . It is known that with increasing angle of attack a, the resulting forces increase on the lift rotor until a break in the lift coefficient is observed in the so-called stall boundary, where a stall occurs. The resulting forces also increase with increasing flow velocity. This means that the resulting forces and thus the torque acting on the rotor can be influenced via a change in the angle of attack ⁇ and, associated therewith, the angle of incidence ⁇ .
  • a second torque acting on the rotor may be provided by an energy converter coupled to the rotor or its rotor base.
  • This second moment also referred to below as the "generator torque”
  • the generator torque likewise has an effect on the rotational speed VR 0 tor and thus likewise influences the angle of attack a.
  • the second moment is in the conventional operation of power generation systems, a braking torque that comes about through the interaction of a generator rotor with the associated stator and is converted into electrical energy.
  • a corresponding energy converter in the form of a generator can also be operated by a motor, at least during certain periods of time, so that the second torque can also act on the rotor in the form of an acceleration torque.
  • the generator torque can be set in accordance with the current lift profile setting and the resulting forces / moments in such a way that the desired rotational speed with the correct phase offset to orbital flow sets.
  • An influencing of the generator torque can take place, inter alia, by influencing an excitation current through the rotor (in the case of separately excited machines) and / or by controlling the commutation of a power converter connected downstream of the stator.
  • a rotor force which acts as a bearing force directed perpendicular to the rotor axis (also referred to as a reaction force) on the housing of the rotor.
  • an effective force which likewise acts perpendicular to the rotor axis and in the form of a translatory or, in the case of several rotors, as a combination of translatory forces, influences a position of a corresponding wave energy converter and, in the case of a desired or unwanted asymmetry of the bearing force over time can be used specifically to influence the situation.
  • a directed perpendicular to the rotor axis bearing force can be generated, as explained in more detail elsewhere.
  • the rotor is preferably designed as a system floating under the surface of an undulating body of water, the explained rotor force acts as a shifting force on the entire rotor and must be supported accordingly if the position of the rotor is not to change.
  • this is achieved for example in US 2010/0150716 A1 by providing a plurality of rotors whose forces counteract each other. The displacements compensate each other over one revolution when the attack angle ⁇ and thus the first torque and a constant second torque are assumed by constant contact current conditions at the coupling bodies and the same settings.
  • a suitable change in the rotor force by influencing the first and / or time torque can thus be achieved while maintaining the synchronicity that the rotor forces per revolution not compensate, so that, for example, a displacement of the rotor can be achieved perpendicular to its axis of rotation.
  • a rotor has a plurality of coupling bodies, it can be provided that each coupling body has its own adjusting device, so that the coupling bodies can be set independently of one another.
  • the coupling bodies are adjusted to the locally present flow conditions. This also compensates for depth and width effects.
  • the generator torque is adjusted to the rotor torque generated by the sum of the coupling bodies.
  • the rotor may have a bearing on both sides for coupling body, wherein a Ver adjusting system for the at least one coupling body may be provided on one side or on both sides.
  • a Ver adjusting system for the at least one coupling body may be provided on one side or on both sides.
  • an embodiment with a one-sided mounting of the at least one coupling body and a free end is provided.
  • a housing is advantageously provided, on which it is rotatably supported.
  • the second torque is preferably realized by an energy converter, such as a generator.
  • a generator such as a generator
  • This can in particular be a directly driven generator, as this driveline losses are minimized.
  • the interposition of a transmission is possible.
  • the coupling bodies can be connected directly or indirectly via corresponding lever arms to the rotor of the directly driven generator.
  • the coupling bodies are thus mounted at a distance from the axis of rotation.
  • the lever arms can be designed as struts or appropriately designed spacing means which connect the coupling bodies to the rotor, however, a lever arm can also be realized via a corresponding disc-like structure and only fulfill the physical function of a lever. Depending on the configuration, this results in fluidic or structural advantages.
  • the adjusting system for adjusting the at least one coupling body may be a system for changing the setting angle ⁇ .
  • an adjustment of flaps on the at least one coupling body is similar to Aircraft wings or a change in the coupling body geometry (morphing) possible.
  • the adjustment can be done by an electric motor - preferably with stepper motors - and / or hydraulically and / or pneumatically.
  • a coupled adjustment of the various coupling bodies may be provided, in which the coupling bodies are connected to a central adjusting device, for example via corresponding adjusting levers. This limits the flexibility of the machine only slightly, but can lead to a simplification of the overall structure.
  • the length and angular position of the lever arm of the at least one lift rotor is adjustable in order to move the machine to different shaft conditions, e.g. different orbital radii, to be able to adapt.
  • Rotors may be used in which the coupling bodies are aligned with their longitudinal axes substantially parallel to the rotor axis.
  • the coupling body can also be arranged at an angle to the rotor, wherein their longitudinal axes at least temporarily run obliquely to the axis of rotation of the rotor.
  • the longitudinal axes may converge or diverge or be laterally offset from each other.
  • the angular arrangement can relate to both the radial and the tangential orientation.
  • an angular arrangement of the at least one coupling body that affects the radial alignment has a stabilizing effect on the system performance to a certain extent. Thus, for different wave states, a different optimum coupling is obtained. development body radius.
  • this can be made adjustable.
  • a radial-angled arrangement of the coupling body in this case in particular means that the machine can be operated over a wider range of wave states in the vicinity of an optimum.
  • the overall system thus behaves more tolerant and allows operation over a wider range of wave states, eg at different orbital radii.
  • the angularity can be designed adjustable. Such adjustability of the coupling body angle may be easier to implement than a change in a Hebelarmbone.
  • a corresponding angular arrangement in particular in the form of diverging or converging coupling body, can also be used to generate an axial force on a respective rotor, in addition to a previously mentioned and explained in more detail below effective force perpendicular to the rotor axis to compensate for other forces or Position change can be used.
  • a control device For controlling the wave energy converter or the rotor and the acting forces, a control device is provided. This uses as control variables the adjustable second torque of the at least one rotor and / or the adjustable first torque, for example by the adjustment of the at least one coupling body, so the first torque.
  • the current local flow field of the shaft can be used. This can be determined with appropriate sensors. These sensors can be arranged co-rotating on parts of the rotor and / or on the housing and / or independently of the machine, preferably this upstream or downstream.
  • a local, regional and global detection of a flow field, a wave propagation direction, an orbital flow and the like may be provided, wherein a "local" detection on the conditions directly prevailing on a component of a wave energy converter, a "regional” detection on component groups or a single system and can relate a "global” recording to the entire system or a corresponding system park.
  • Measured variables can be, for example, the flow velocity and / or flow direction and / or wave height and / or wavelength and / or period duration and / or wave propagation velocity and / or machine movement and / or holding moments of the coupling body.
  • the currently prevailing inflow ratios on the coupling body can preferably be determined from the measured variables, so that this and / or the second torque can be adjusted accordingly in order to achieve the higher-level control objectives.
  • the entire propagating flow field is known by suitable measurements upstream of the machine or a park of several machines.
  • suitable calculations By means of suitable calculations, the following local flow on the machine can be determined, thus enabling particularly precise control of the system.
  • With such measurements it becomes possible, in particular, to implement a higher-level control of the machine, which, for example, aligns with a main component of the incoming wave. This makes particularly robust machine operation possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor with two lift rotors in a side view and illustrates the angle of attack ⁇ and the phase angle ⁇ between rotor and orbital flow.
  • FIG. 2 shows resulting angle of incidence and a 2 and resultant forces on the coupling bodies of the rotor from FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a method for influencing an effective force on the basis of phase angle, angle of incidence, torque and force profiles.
  • Figure 4 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor in a side view with a large radial extent with different flow of the coupling body and resulting forces.
  • FIG. 5 shows two rotors for converting energy from a wave motion with disc-shaped rotor bases in a perspective view.
  • Figure 6 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for the conversion of energy from a wave motion with lever arms for attachment of coupling bodies in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 7 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a rotor base designed as a generator rotor in a perspective view.
  • Figure 8 shows rotors for the conversion of energy from a wave motion with oblique coupling bodies in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further wave energy converter for converting energy from a wave motion with oblique coupling bodies in a side view and a plan view.
  • FIG. 10 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 13 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion with a double-sided coupling body arrangement to a holding structure in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 14 shows a wave energy converter with a rotor for converting energy from a wave motion to a holding structure and with an anchoring device in a side view.
  • FIG. 15 shows several wave energy converters with rotors for converting energy from a wave movement on a holding structure in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 16 shows a plurality of wave energy converters with rotors for converting energy from a wave motion to a support structure with double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 17 shows several wave energy converters with rotors for converting energy from a wave motion to a support structure with partially double-sided coupling body arrangement in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates the arrangement of sensors on and around a wave energy converter with rotor for converting energy from a wave motion on a support structure in a side view.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates possible changes in shape of coupling bodies in a perspective view. Detailed description of the drawings
  • the wave energy converter 1 shows a wave energy converter 1 with a rotor 2, 3, 4 with a rotor base 2, a housing 7, and two coupling bodies 3 fastened to the rotor base 2 so as to be non-rotatable via lever arms 4.
  • the rotor 2, 3, 4 is located below the water surface of an undulating body of water, for example an ocean. Its axis of rotation is oriented largely horizontally and largely perpendicular to the current propagation direction of the waves of the undulating body of water.
  • the coupling body 3 are executed in the example shown as buoyancy profiles.
  • deep-water conditions are to be present, in which the orbital paths of the water molecules, as explained, are largely circular.
  • the rotating components of the wave energy converter are provided with a largely neutral buoyancy in order to avoid a preferred position.
  • the coupling body 3 are designed as buoyancy runners and arranged at an angle of 180 ° to each other.
  • the buoyancy runners are supported in the vicinity of their pressure point in order to reduce rotational torques occurring during operation to the buoyancy runners and thus the requirements for the holder and / or the adjusting devices.
  • the radial distance between the suspension point of a coupling body and rotor axis is 1 m to 50 m, preferably 2 m to 40 m, more preferably 4 m to 30 m and most preferably 5 m to 20 m.
  • two adjusting devices 5 for adjusting the angle of attack ⁇ and ⁇ 2 of the coupling body 3 between the wing chord and the tangent.
  • the two angles of incidence and ⁇ 2 are preferably oriented in opposite directions and preferably have values of
  • angles of attack ⁇ and ⁇ 2 can be adjusted independently.
  • the adjustment devices can be, for example, electromotive adjustment devices-preferably with stepper motors-and / or hydraulic and / or pneumatic components.
  • the two adjusting devices 5 can also each have a sensor 6 for determining the current angle of attack Yi and v 2 . Another, not shown, sensors can determine the state of rotation of the rotor base 2.
  • the wave energy converter 1 is impinged by the orbital flow with an onflow velocity Vweiie.
  • the incoming flow is the orbital flow of sea waves whose direction changes continuously.
  • the rotation of the orbital flow is oriented in the counterclockwise direction, ie the associated wave propagates from right to left.
  • the rotor 2, 3, 4 rotates in synchronism with the orbital flow of the wave motion at an angular velocity ⁇ , whereby the term synchronicity is to be understood in the manner explained above.
  • ⁇ ⁇ .
  • a value or a range of values for an angular velocity ⁇ of the rotor is thus predefined or adapted on the basis of an angular velocity O of the orbital flow. In this case, a constant control or a short-term or short-term adjustment can take place.
  • a first torque acting on the rotor 2, 3, 4 is generated.
  • a preferably variable second torque in the form of a resistor that is a braking torque, or an acceleration torque can be applied to the rotor 2, 3, 4.
  • Means for generating the second torque are arranged between the rotor base 2 and the housing 7.
  • the housing 7 is the stator of a directly driven generator and the rotor base 2 is the rotor of this directly driven generator whose bearing, windings etc. are not shown.
  • the means for generating the second torque in addition to a generator also include a transmission and / or hydraulic components, such as pumps.
  • the means of production of the second torque may additionally or exclusively include a suitable brake.
  • phase angle .DELTA whose amount can be influenced by the setting of the first and / or the second torque.
  • a phase angle of -45 ° to 45 °, preferably from -25 ° to 25 ° and particularly preferably from -15 ° to 15 ° for generating the first torque appears to be particularly advantageous, since here at the orbital flow v We iie and the flow due to the self-rotation v Ro t 0 r (see Figure 2) are largely oriented perpendicular to each other, which leads to a maximization of the rotor torque.
  • Adhering to the required synchronicity, ⁇ const., Whereby in the context of the invention, as already described above, oscillation about an average value of ⁇ is also considered to be synchronous.
  • FIG. 2 shows the local influxes by the orbital flow (vweiie.i) and by the intrinsic rotation (v ro tor, i), the inflow velocity (v reS uit Schl, i) resulting as vector sum from these two inflows, and the resultant effects on both coupling bodies - Bending angle of attack ⁇ and a 2 shown.
  • the buoyancy arising and resistance forces F Aufii and F W id, i to the two coupling bodies ⁇ both the magnitude of the flow velocity as well as the angles of attack a ⁇ and a 2 and thus also of the angles of attack ⁇ and 2 are derived also depends are perpendicular and parallel to the direction of v reS uraerend.i oriented.
  • the amount of this rotor force can also be changed by changing the angle of attack ⁇ (which changes the angle of attack a) by changing the rotor angular velocity ⁇ and / or Phase angle ⁇ - at-
  • the generator torque applied as a second torque (whereby v rotor changes) and / or be influenced by a combination of these changes.
  • the synchronicity described in the introduction is preferably maintained.
  • the resulting forces on the coupling bodies are maximized by large angles of incidence ⁇ , resulting in a large resultant force on the rotor in the flow direction (to the right).
  • the second torque in the form of the generator torque is also increased in a suitable manner, since the large angle of attack a also results in large rotor torques, which otherwise lead to an acceleration of the rotor and thus to would lead to a change in the phase angle ⁇ .
  • the rotor force is expediently influenced when it is oriented in or counter to the direction in which, for example, a displacement is to be achieved.
  • the two angle can ⁇ particular to take account of locally different flow conditions (v We iie may vary, particularly with large rotor extensions and for multi-chromatic flow conditions) can be varied independently of each other in a suitable manner, wherein the generator torque then to achieve absolute synchronicity is suitably tuned to the respective resulting rotor torque. This can have an effect on the line of action of the rotor force and thus influence the vibration behavior of the rotor 1.
  • the wave energy converter machine can also be moved vertically or in any spatial directions perpendicular to the rotor axis.
  • Such a method can also be used to orbital flow superimposed forces - for example, by ocean currents or similar. compensate - and prevent drifting of the machine. This reduces in particular the requirements for anchoring.
  • provision can be made for utilizing the generation of directed resultant forces in order to stabilize the overall system of the machine and / or balance forces.
  • a similar procedure results, except that in this case the changes do not have to be made periodically, since the flow direction does not change periodically.
  • a displacement of the rotor by cyclically influencing the resulting rotor force can also be achieved by a suitable adjustment of only either the first or the second torque.
  • phase angle ⁇ can be varied in a bandwidth between -90 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • the angles of incidence ⁇ are in this case preferably in opposite directions - one coupling body is turned inwards (pitched), while the other coupling body is pitched outwards (absolute value) to a fixed value of 0 ° to 20 °, preferably of 3 ° to 15 ° ° and more preferably adjusted from 5 ° to 12 ° and most preferably from 7 ° to 10 °.
  • a rotor may also be used in which the second torque constant is set to an average value whose phase angle ⁇ and / or its rotor force takes place while maintaining the required synchronicity by suitably changing the angle of attack ⁇ .
  • a wave energy converter 1 is shown in Figure 4, in which the diameter is so large that the direction of flow v We iie the two coupling body 3 fails differently.
  • the rotor rotates counterclockwise, the wave propagation direction is oriented from right to left and denoted by W. Below the wave minimum, the water particles move largely horizontally from left to right.
  • the left coupling body is still arranged slightly in front of the minimum, so that v We iie, i points slightly downwards and not yet completely oriented horizontally (same flow as in Figure 2).
  • both effects can be suitably used or compensated for by a suitable adaptation of the angle of attack ⁇ -that is to say an adjustment of the first torque-and of the second torque, in order to ensure synchronicity even under such conditions and / or the rotor force in a suitable manner influence.
  • phase angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the connecting line of the coupling body 3 facing the orbital flow and the center of rotation and the radial direction of flow of the rotor center.
  • FIG. 5 shows two embodiments of the wave energy converter 1. These each have two coupling bodies 3, which are mounted on one or both sides of a rotor base 2.
  • the coupling body can be equipped with an adjustment system 5, which serves for the active adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ of the coupling body.
  • the second side can be rotatably mounted, but alternatively, a two-sided attachment of an adjustment system 5 is possible.
  • sensors 6 may be provided for determining the angle of attack ⁇ .
  • An unillustrated sensor for determining the rotational position ⁇ of the rotor base 2 may also be provided.
  • an energy converter 8 which may include, for example, a directly driven generator.
  • rotors in which the coupling body or bodies are arranged only on one side of the rotor base 2, are combined under the generic term of one-sided rotors. Double-sided rotors accordingly have a two-sided rotor base 2 with respect to their plane of rotation, at least one coupling body being mounted on each side of the two-sided rotor base 2.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a wave energy converter 1 with a one-sided rotor, in which the coupling bodies 3 are held by lever arms 4 on a rotor base 2 mounted in a housing 7. It can advantageously be provided that the housing 7 and the rotor base 2 are stators and rotors of a directly driven generator. A rotor shaft 9 as in FIG. 6 is no longer contained here, which leads to savings in structural costs.
  • the length of the lever arms 4 can be made adjustable.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative wave energy converter 1 with a one-sided rotor 2, 3, in which the coupling bodies 3 are coupled directly to a rotor base 2 designed as a rotor of a directly driven generator. Adjustment systems for adjusting the coupling body 3 and sensors for condition monitoring / position determination are not shown, but may be provided. Again, a wave 9 is omitted.
  • Figure 8 shows another wave energy converter 1 with rotor 2,3,4 with coupling bodies 3, in which the coupling body 3 are not oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor 1, but have a tilt in the radial direction, so that with respect to the rotor axis angle ßi and Set ß2. This tilting can for each coupling body. 3 be executed differently and be independently adjustable and be superimposed on the possibly existing adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ .
  • the rotor 1 according to FIG. 7 unites . Quasi different machine radii in one machine, so that a part of the rotor is always optimally designed for the current wave state. In particular, in combination with an adjustment for this angle results in a particularly advantageous rotor with superior properties.
  • FIG. 9 shows two views of a further possibility in which the coupling bodies 3 do not run parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • FIG. 10 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of a wave energy converter 10 with a rotor.
  • This is characterized in that coupling bodies 3 are arranged on both sides of the rotor base 2.
  • such rotors are referred to by the term "double-sided rotor".
  • the properties and characteristics mentioned above in the explanations to the figures 1 to 9 can be applied and transferred individually or in combination. This means that an angle of attack ⁇ of each coupling body 3 and / or the resistance and / or the phase angle ⁇ can be adjustable, so that the operation management is based on (largely)
  • Synchronicity is aligned, and / or that by suitable adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ , ß and / or d and / or the second torque and / or the phase angle .DELTA.
  • the resultant rotor force on the rotor rotation can be varied so that there is a resultant force, which can be used for a displacement of the wave energy converter and / or for compensation of superimposed forces, such as, for example, by currents, and / or for a specific vibration excitation and / or stabilization of the wave energy converter.
  • the free ends of the coupling body are each mounted in a common base, as shown for a single-sided rotor in Figure 5.
  • the wave propagation direction of a monochromatic wave is directed perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, this leads to the fact that the coupling bodies arranged in pairs next to one another ideally experience absolutely identical incident flow conditions.
  • the angles of incidence ⁇ of these coupling bodies arranged side by side can preferably be set identically. If, in real operation, a deviating flow of the two rotor halves results, the angle of attack of each coupling Body 3 are individually adjusted so that the local flow optimally pronounced.
  • a rotation of the wave energy converter 10 about an axis can be achieved which is oriented perpendicular to the rotor axis.
  • the wave energy converter 10 can be rotated in operation by differently influencing the angles of incidence ⁇ , ⁇ and / or ⁇ of the coupling bodies 3 and / or by adjusting the resistance about its vertical axis. This can be used particularly advantageously for aligning the wave energy converter 10 such that its rotor axis is largely oriented perpendicular to the wave propagation direction currently present.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a wave energy converter 10 with coupling bodies 3 arranged on both sides.
  • the rotor base 2 is arranged in two (partial) rotor bases 2 with rotor shaft 9 arranged therebetween and an energy converter 8 arranged thereon, which for example comprises a generator and / or a Gear can contain, split.
  • an energy converter 8 arranged thereon, which for example comprises a generator and / or a Gear can contain, split.
  • the two sides of the rotor shaft over the shaft if appropriate, are largely torsionally rigid, interconnected and rotate synchronously, this configuration is as a understood bilateral rotor, for which the properties described in connection with Figure 10 also apply.
  • Also known as a double-sided rotor is an assembly which is assembled from two single-sided rotors such that the two rotors have substantially the same orientation during operation.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of a wave energy converter 10 with rotor 10 on both sides.
  • the energy converter is realized as a directly driven generator 11, which forms the rotatably held housing 7 of the wave energy converter as an integral component of the wave energy converter 10 with its stator and in which the coupling bodies 3 are directly connected via lever arms the rotor 2 acting as rotor 2 of the generator 11 are coupled.
  • the wave energy converter 10 of this expression forms a particularly compact design, in which by waiving a wave 9 structural costs are minimized.
  • This embodiment can also be combined with the previously described embodiments and operating strategies.
  • FIG. 13 shows a wave energy converter 20 which, in addition to a wave energy converter 10 according to FIG. 12, contains further elements.
  • damping plates 21 which are connected largely rigidly to the housing 7 or a stator of a directly driven generator via a frame 22.
  • the damping plates 21 are located in deeper water than the rotor. In these larger water depths, the orbital motion of the water molecules caused by the wave motion is significantly reduced, so that the damping plates 21 lead to a stabilization of the wave energy converter 20.
  • stabilization of the wave energy converter 20 in accordance with the strategies described above can be superimposed during operation with targeted influencing of the resulting rotor force.
  • Such stabilization is advantageous in order to keep the axis of rotation to a first approximation stationary. Without such stabilization, the rotor forces would cause the rotation axis to orbitalize in an extreme case with a phase shift with the orbital flow, whereby the flow conditions of the coupling body 3 would change fundamentally. The functionality of the wave energy converter would be adversely affected by this. However, it should be understood that a wave energy converter as well by other means, which need not include damping plates, can be stabilized accordingly.
  • the two damping plates are shown horizontally.
  • configurations are also considered advantageous in which the damping plates are oriented differently.
  • both plates could be oppositely tilted 45 ° so that they enclose a 90 ° angle with each other.
  • Other configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • other damper plate geometries and / or counts can be used.
  • the damping plates 21 are adjustable in their angle and / or in their damping effect.
  • the influencing of the damping effect can be achieved, for example, by changing the fluid permeability.
  • the damping behavior of the wave energy converter 20 can also be influenced by the forces cyclically altered under certain circumstances.
  • a hydrostatic buoyancy system 23 may be provided, through which the depth of the wave energy converter, for example by pumping in and out of a fluid, can be adjusted. In this case, the lift for a steady-state fall is adjusted so that it compensates for the weight of the machine and the mooring minus the buoyancy due to immersion in water. Since the rotating parts of the rotor 10 preferably have a largely neutral buoyancy, thus essentially the weight forces of housing, frame, damping plates and a mooring device explained below must be taken into account.
  • the depth can be easily regulated, for example, to protect the machine by shifting to greater depths of water from too large wave conditions with too high energy levels or be to the surface for maintenance - promote.
  • the machine control of the wave energy converter 20 can be accommodated in the housing of the buoyancy system 23.
  • one-sided rotors 1 can also be used.
  • the wave energy converter 20 of Figure 13 in a body of wavy water with an anchorage 24 on the seabed, which preferably takes place via a mooring, in particular via a Catenery Mooring, but alternatively can be designed as a rigid anchorage shown.
  • a wave propagation direction is designated by W.
  • the wave energy converter 20 is connected to the seabed via one or more chains and corresponding anchors.
  • Corresponding moorings are typically formed of metal chains and may also include at least one plastic rope in their upper region.
  • the wave energy converter-side end of the mooring is attached to the incoming shaft facing part of the frame 22 and / or the incoming shaft facing damper plate 21.
  • some self-alignment of the waveguide energy converter to the wave propagation direction already takes place. This can be supported by corresponding additional passive (weather vane) and / or active systems (rotor control, azimuth tracking).
  • buoyancy and anchoring can also be used particularly advantageous as a support for the generator torque. Shown are also caused by these two systems forces F Moorin g (largely downwards) and F Auft neb (largely directed upward).
  • F Moorin g largely downwards
  • F Auft neb largely directed upward
  • a rotation of the wave energy converter 20 in the illustrated configuration is induced in the clockwise direction (in the direction of rotation of the rotor 10).
  • the two forces shown produce a rotation directed counter to this rotation, which increases with increasing tilting of the wave energy converter 20.
  • a tilt of the machine can carry out removal of a generator torque to a lifting of the moorings, whereby F Moor j ng increases. This has an increasing effect on the supporting counter-torque.
  • the buoyancy can also be actively changed in order to further increase the counter-momentum for stabilizing the wave energy converter.
  • FIG. 15 shows a wave energy converter 30 with three (partial) wave energy converters 1 with one-sided (partial) rotors according to FIG.
  • the (partial) wave energy converter with largely parallel rotor axis are mounted in a horizontally oriented frame 31, so that the rotors are arranged below the water surface and their Rotor axles are oriented largely perpendicular to the incoming shaft.
  • the distance from the first to the last rotor corresponds approximately to the wavelength of the eer wave, so that for the assumed case of a monochromatic wave, the foremost and the rearmost rotor have the same orientation, while the central rotor is rotated by 180 °.
  • All three rotors rotate counter-clockwise, so the shaft runs over the machine from behind.
  • Wavelengths of sea waves are between 40 m and 360 m, with typical waves having wavelengths of 80 m to 200 m. Since the rotors are each flown from different directions - their position under the shaft is different - results in each rotor, a specific expression of the direction of the respective rotor force. This effect can be used to stabilize the wave energy converter 30 by controlling the individual rotors 1 while maintaining a high degree of synchronicity by adjusting the resistance and / or the angles of incidence ⁇ , ⁇ and / or d such that the resulting Rotor book the rotors 1 cancel each other largely.
  • a plurality of buoyancy systems 23 are advantageously mounted on the frame 31 and / or the rotors, with the aid of which the depth can be regulated and by the anchoring (not shown) (this preferably engages the part of the frame 31 facing the incoming shaft)
  • the anchoring (not shown) (this preferably engages the part of the frame 31 facing the incoming shaft)
  • the frame 31 may be designed so that the distance between the rotors 1 is adjustable, so that the machine length can be tuned to the current wavelength.
  • damping plates may be provided for further stabilization, which may be arranged in greater depth.
  • buoyancy systems could be used be arranged on at least one cross member. Such, preferably horizontally oriented, cross member may be arranged for example at the rear end of the frame.
  • the frame 31 of the wave energy converter is designed as a floating frame and that the submerged under the water surface rotors 1 are mounted with a substantially horizontal rotor axis via a correspondingly executed frame construction rotatably mounted on the floating frame.
  • FIG. 16 shows an alternative embodiment of an advantageous wave energy converter 30 with a largely horizontal frame extension and a plurality of rotors on both sides. Compared to a one-sided rotor arrangement, this is a particularly advantageous embodiment because it reduces the number of generators.
  • FIG. 17 shows a further alternative embodiment of an advantageous wave converter 30 with a combination of a two-sided rotor and a plurality of single-sided rotors and a substantially horizontal frame extension.
  • the frame 31 is designed as V in order to avoid shading between the different rotors and / or to minimize.
  • there is already a largely vertical flow of the rotor axes which can be further optimized, for example, by influencing the rotor forces.
  • the preferably existing buoyancy systems can already generate a counter-torque, but it is also possible to include the anchoring forces of the mooring system 24, as described in connection with FIG. 14.
  • additional bracing and / or bracing can be provided.
  • a stabilization can be provided by the use of damping plates similar to FIG. 13.
  • the wave energy converter 30 according to FIGS. 15 to 17 can also be influenced by influencing the rotor forces of the individual rotors in their position and in their movement behavior. In particular, a rotation about the vertical axis is possible when the different rotors are controlled / regulated accordingly.
  • stabilization of the wave energy converter 30 is additionally effected by the flow-induced forces acting on the frame 31. These are also directed in different directions and can at least partially compensate.
  • FIG. 18 shows different preferred sensor positions for mounting sensors for determining the flow conditions on a wave energy converter 20 and particularly preferably for determining the local flow conditions at the coupling bodies of a wave energy converter. In addition, it is also possible to determine its movement behavior with sensors mounted on the wave energy converter 20.
  • a wave propagation direction is designated by W.
  • sensors can float on the rotor (position 101) and / or on the coupling bodies (position 102) and / or on the frame (position 103) and / or under the water surface in the vicinity of the machine (position 104) and / or on the water surface Close to the machine (position 105) and / or on the seabed below the machine (position 106) and / or below the water surface floating upstream of the machine (or a park of several machines) (position 107) and / or on the seabed of the machine (or a park of several machines) upstream (position 108) and / or floating the machine (or a park of several machines) upstream (position 109) and / or above the water surface (position 110) - be arranged - for example in a satellite.
  • Additional corresponding sensors 105 'to 109' may be arranged on the leeward side, relative to the wave propagation direction. Such leeward sensors allow the determination of an interaction of the wave energy converter with the received waves. Based on this knowledge, the result of the interaction checked and if necessary, the interaction targeted by a machine control to be changed.
  • sensors and corresponding combinations can be used:
  • Inertial sensors for measuring different translational and / or rotational acceleration forces
  • Anemometer for determining a flow velocity
  • Torque sensors for determining the adjustment and / or holding forces of the coupling body adjustment system
  • Satellites for determining the surface geometry of the ocean area GPS data for determining machine position and / or movement,
  • the instantaneous local onflow conditions of the coupling bodies and / or the flow field around the machine and / or the flow field and / or the natural oscillations of the machine converging on the machine / park can be determined in a predictive manner, so that the second braking torque and / or the angle of attack ⁇ , ß and / or ⁇ of the coupling body 3 can be adjusted to achieve the control / regulation objectives in a suitable manner.
  • control / regulation goals include, in particular, maintaining a synchronicity and / or avoiding a stall on the coupling bodies and / or influencing the rotor forces for stabilization and / or displacement and / or targeted vibration excitation and / or or a rotation of the system for correct alignment with the incoming shaft.
  • the depth as well as the support moment can be influenced.
  • the damping plate resistance By adapting the damping plate resistance, the machine vibration behavior can also be influenced.
  • Measurements of the flow field which already take place in front of the machine or a park of several machines, and from which the flow field applied to the machine (s) at a later point in time, may appear to be particularly advantageous. Together with a virtual model of the machine, a feedforward control of the manipulated variables can be derived from this, which is then adjusted by a control. Such a procedure makes it possible, in particular, to computationally record the essential energy-carrying wave components in multichromatic sea states and to adjust the control / regulation of the energy converter in a suitable manner to them.
  • FIG. 19 shows alternative possibilities, in particular flaps, known from the aircraft industry for changing the angle of attack ⁇ of a lift rotor and / or its shape and designating them 201 to 210, with which the flow around and thus buoyancy and / or resistance forces can be influenced , It can be provided to equip the coupling body 3 additionally or alternatively to an actuator for adjusting the angle of attack Y, ß and / or ⁇ with one or more of these means.
  • the use of so-called winglets for influencing the buoyancy behavior at the free wing tips is considered.
  • Symmetrical profiles have been used in the figures for the sake of simplicity. It should be expressly noted that curved profiles can be used. In addition, the profiles used can be adapted in their curvature to the flow conditions (curved flow).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice (1, 10, 20, 30) destiné à convertir l'énergie provenant du mouvement ondulatoire d'un fluide en une autre forme d'énergie et comportant au moins un rotor qui est couplé à au moins un convertisseur d'énergie (8) et qui comprend une base de rotor (2) à deux faces relativement à son plan de rotation, au moins un élément d'accouplement (3) étant monté sur chaque face de la base de rotor (2).
EP12717056.1A 2011-06-17 2012-04-24 Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et procede de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice Withdrawn EP2721285A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102011105178A DE102011105178A1 (de) 2011-06-17 2011-06-17 Wellenenergiekonverter und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wellenenergiekonverters
PCT/EP2012/001744 WO2012171599A1 (fr) 2011-06-17 2012-04-24 Convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice et procede de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie houlomotrice

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DE102013007667A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ausrichtung eines Wellenenergiekonverters zum umgebenden Gewässer
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