EP2720806A1 - Procédé pour fonctionnaliser une surface avec un objet ou une molécule d'intérêt - Google Patents
Procédé pour fonctionnaliser une surface avec un objet ou une molécule d'intérêtInfo
- Publication number
- EP2720806A1 EP2720806A1 EP12730860.9A EP12730860A EP2720806A1 EP 2720806 A1 EP2720806 A1 EP 2720806A1 EP 12730860 A EP12730860 A EP 12730860A EP 2720806 A1 EP2720806 A1 EP 2720806A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molecule
- group
- precursor
- interest
- photoactivatable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000813 microcontact printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005442 molecular electronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- PVDGXEIFXYECGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-azidoaniline Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NNC1=CC=CC=C1 PVDGXEIFXYECGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003228 poly(4-vinyl pyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007342 radical addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007347 radical substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/02—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with organic materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of functionalization of surfaces.
- the present invention provides a method for functionalizing an electrically insulating, semiconductive or conductive surface with a molecule of interest, such as a polymer or biomolecule, or with an object of interest such as a nano-object.
- a molecule of interest such as a polymer or biomolecule
- the invention also relates to the various uses of such a process and in particular in molecular electronics, bioelectronics, in the field of biochips, biosensors, medical devices, anti-fouling devices and / or to modify the properties of surface of materials.
- the present invention proposes the use of a compound having two reactive functions and successively implemented making it possible to confer on the surface to be functionalized a controllable surface character of adherent surface.
- Functionalization of surfaces has many applications in different fields that include microelectronics, biochips, biosensors, medical devices.
- the functionalization of surfaces can also be used to modify the properties of the latter in terms of hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity or resistance to friction or wear.
- the diazonium salts can be formed from aniline derivatives in an acid solution of NaN0 2 ;
- this diazonium salt can then be electroreduced to lead to the release of nitrogen, and the formation of an aryl radical of high reactivity;
- the latter is grafted onto the surface of the electrode which provided the electron necessary for its electro-reduction.
- a CX-type covalent bond is formed, where X can be gold, cobalt, nickel, zinc, ITO (indium-tin oxide film), platinum, copper, graphite, diamond, or silicon.
- X can be gold, cobalt, nickel, zinc, ITO (indium-tin oxide film), platinum, copper, graphite, diamond, or silicon.
- a type of activated layer has been obtained by electrodeposition of diazonium salts previously modified with a maleimide group.
- the layer thus obtained may be subsequently functionalized by molecules or biological agents containing a free thiol functional group capable of reacting with said maleimide group.
- the electro-addressing of diazonium salts was carried out for the first time on glassy carbon electrodes in order to indirectly immobilize an enzyme.
- the electrografting reaction was then used to functionalise the whole of the glassy carbon surface and thus obtain a layer of phenyl acetate.
- This method was used to derivatize the surface in order to achieve a covalent grafting by chemical coupling of glucose oxidase. This is therefore an indirect method of electro-addressing.
- the diazotization reaction on an aniline derivative was also used to graft a monolayer of biotin.
- a biotin-aniline conjugate was then diazotized to form a biotin-aryldiazonium derivative and then grafted by electro-reduction to the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode.
- the surface of the electrode becomes a covalent anchor for streptavidin. This surface will allow the fixation of streptavidin-labeled alkaline phosphatase.
- HRP horseradish peroxidase
- Chehimi's team electrochemically modifies conductive material surfaces with brominated diazonium salts [Gam-Derouich et al., 2010, Langmuir, 26, 11830-11840].
- the organic layer thus obtained is modified by reaction of a 3 in order to obtain an organic layer having azides. These functions can subsequently react with molecules presenting terminal alkynes by Click Chemistry.
- photografting is also a technique used to functionalize supports with molecules or objects of interest.
- an artificial protein having a protein capture domain by an arylazide function, this function making it possible to graft, by photolysis, the protein onto an insulating substrate [Zhang et al., 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127, 10136-10137].
- the work of Ziani-Cherif et al. relate to polymers comprising diazonium or azide units which make it possible to graft these polymers on a substrate by photochemistry [1999, Macromolecules, 32, 3438-3447]. This work was carried out with the aim of develop "anti-fouling" surfaces.
- the covalent immobilization of biological objects or of biologically active molecules can pass either by the activation of a previously modified surface, or by the modification of the biological object or of the biologically active molecule before its immobilization on the support. These activation steps are generally carried out in media incompatible with biological media and lead to the formation of secondary products that can cause bias during the measurement.
- the inventors have set themselves the goal of creating, on the surface of conductive or non-conductive materials, a high quality organic layer of adhesion which can subsequently react with a molecule or object of interest in order to create a covalent link between the surface and this molecule or this object.
- This covalent bond must be obtained, spontaneously, without using traditional chemical activators, or easily controllable, without producing secondary products that may be deleterious to the system thus created.
- This covalent bond must be established by a system that is as universal as possible, that is to say capable of reacting with the greatest number of chemical functions present on the surface of the molecule or object of interest. This system must be able to react with other alkyl groups and thus establish a covalent bond between the surface and an alkane chain for example.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve the technical problems as previously defined and to achieve the goal that the inventors have set themselves.
- the present invention is based on the use of a compound with double reactivity and advantageously orthogonal.
- the notion of orthogonality lies in the fact that the compound used in the context of the present invention has two types of "functionalisable" functions that may not be activated at the same time by the same method.
- a function is, for example, activated by a process to which the other function is insensitive and vice versa.
- the compound used in the context of the present invention has, on the one hand, a photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof and, on the other hand, a - 2 + group or a precursor thereof.
- Each of these groups is activatable in a sequential manner to allow, firstly, the grafting, advantageously controlled or spontaneous, on the surface to be functionalized, then the grafting, advantageously controlled or spontaneous, of the molecule or the object of interest. Thanks to the groups used, the present invention applies to a large number of surfaces, molecules of interest and objects of interest since no real constraint such as the presence of particular groups, defined and limited, n exist at their level.
- the present invention relates to a method for functionalizing at least one area of a surface with at least one molecule or object of interest, comprising the successive steps of i) reacting, on said zone, at least one aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof;
- step (i) reacting the zone obtained in step (i) with said molecule or said object of interest;
- a first group of the aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group being used in step (i) and another group in step (ii) is equivalent to the expression " the diazonium group of the aryl diazonium salt substituted by at least one photoactivatable group being used during the chemical grafting or electrografting step and the photoactivatable group being photoactivated during the photografting step ".
- the two expressions above are usable interchangeably.
- the process according to the present invention is distinguished from the methods of the state of the art such as the article by Gross et al., 2010 by the presence of the photoactivatable group or its precursor at the surface to be functionalized.
- This surface alone has the potential for adhesion, the molecule or object of interest does not need to be prepared.
- This is a process in which the etching is done from the surface ie to the molecule or object of interest, with respect to the photoactivatable group such as an azide group.
- This "Grafting from” process process can be defined.
- photoactivatable groups makes it easier to work in aqueous and biological media, given the stability of these groups. Their reactivity directly controlled by the light where and when it is desired. This chemical situation represents, pictorially, a "chemical switch".
- the present invention makes it possible to further improve the technology described in the international application WO 2008/078052 by providing a solution to particular situations, for example in the case of materials that are soluble in aqueous and / or acidic media.
- the term "surface” means the outer part of a body or a solid support, which limits it in all directions.
- the invention applies to any type of surface whatever its geometry.
- the latter can be simple, such as a perfectly flat surface, or complex, such as a rough surface, or having unobstructed cavities ie accessible to light and whatever the material constituting the surface and the rest of the body or solid support on which it depends.
- the invention is applicable to a wide variety of surfaces of interest whose composition can be chosen from a wide variety of materials because the process can make use of a reaction mechanism of ionic and / or radical nature and generally of a radical or involving gaps and Lewis pairs simultaneously making them very reactive which is the specificity of carbenes or nitrenes.
- the nature of the surface used has little influence on the process of the invention.
- the surface used in the context of the present invention may be of organic or non-organic nature, and / or of composite nature with possibly a non-uniform composition. It can be insulating, semiconductive or electrically conductive.
- the surfaces of inorganic nature can be chosen in particular from conducting materials such as metals, noble metals, oxidized metals, transition metals, metal alloys and for example Ni, Zn, Au, Pt, Ti or steel. It can also be semiconductor materials such as Si, SiC, AsGa, Ga, etc. It is also possible to apply the process to non-conductive surfaces such as non-conductive oxides. More generally, an inorganic surface may consist of, for example, an amorphous material or a ceramic, as well as a crystalline one such as diamond or graphite which may be more or less organized.
- a surface of organic nature there may be mentioned in particular natural polymers such as latex or rubber, or artificial polymers such as polyamide or polyethylene derivatives, and in particular polymers having n-type bonds such as polymers bearing ethylenic bonds. , carbonyl or imine groups. It is also possible to apply the process to more complex organic surfaces such as surfaces comprising polysaccharides, such as cellulose for wood or paper, artificial or natural fibers, such as cotton or felt, and polymers.
- fluorinated compounds such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polymers containing basic groups such as tertiary amines or secondary amines and for example pyridines, such as poly-4 and poly-2-vinylpyridines (P4VP and P2VP) or more generally polymers carriers of aromatic and aromatic nitrogen groups.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- P4VP and P2VP poly-2-vinylpyridines
- the surface used in the context of the present invention consists of a material chosen from the group consisting of metals, metal alloys, wood, paper, cotton, carbon felt, silicon and organic materials such as organic polymers, fluorinated or non-fluorinated polymers and diamond.
- the area of the surface involved in the functionalization process according to the invention may be of variable size and / or shape.
- the shape of this area can be simple or complex. It can occupy from 0.01% to 100% of the total area of the surface used. This zone generally varies between the metric and nanometric scale and in particular between the centimetric and micrometric scale.
- molecule of interest is meant, in the context of the present invention, any molecule, and more particularly any molecule of organic nature, capable of reacting with a radical entity, an ionic entity or an entity exhibiting one or more ) unpaired electron (s), Lewis acid vacancies, Lewis pairs (or Lewis base doublets), singlet state and / or triplet state.
- organic molecules comprising weak organic bases such as C0 2 ⁇ , SO 3 2 ⁇ , amines and aromatic nitrogen molecules;
- organic macromolecules such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines and dendrimers
- biological molecules such as peptides, proteins such as enzymes, antibodies or antibody fragments, cell or membrane receptors, polysaccharides, lipids, cells or cell parts such as organelles or cell membranes and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA;
- hydrophobic molecules as defined below.
- the molecule of interest when it is brought into contact with the surface carrying photoactivatable groups, diazonium groups or their precursors, i.e. the adhesive surface, is in pure form such as a liquid or an oil.
- the method according to the invention can be used to prepare a biochip or a biosensor.
- object of interest is meant, in the context of the present invention, an object whose size generally varies between the micrometer scale and nanometer.
- the object of interest is a nano-object (NB).
- nano-object is intended to mean an object, organic or inorganic, of nanometric size, ie of which at least one of its external dimensions is of nanometric size.
- It may be a nano-object chosen from a sheet such as a graphene sheet, a nanowire, a nanoparticle, a nanotube and an aggregate and in particular from a metal nanoparticle, a metal or metal alloy aggregate, a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) (SWCNT) or multiwall (MWCNT), a graphene sheet, a fullerene, graphite and in particular graphite HOPG (for "Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite”), a silicon nanowire or a metal nanoparticle.
- a sheet such as a graphene sheet, a nanowire, a nanoparticle, a nanotube and an aggregate and in particular from a metal nanoparticle, a metal or metal alloy aggregate, a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) (SWCNT) or multiwall (MWCNT), a graphene sheet, a fullerene, graphite and in particular graphite HOPG (for "Highly Ordered Py
- the nano-object used in the context of the present invention is made of a carbon material.
- aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof means, in the context of the present invention, (1) an aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group. (2) an aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one precursor of a photoactivatable group, (3) a precursor of an aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group and (4) a precursor of an aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one precursor of a photoactivatable group.
- an aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group is a compound of formula (I) below:
- aryl group R represents an aryl group.
- aryl group R may be used in the context of the present invention, especially for the compound of formula (I) above, it is advantageous to mention an aromatic or heteroaromatic carbon structure, optionally mono- or polysubstituted , consisting of one or more aromatic or heteroaromatic rings each having from 3 to 8 atoms, the heteroatom (s) possibly being N, O, P or S.
- the substituent (s) may contain one or more heteroatoms, such as N, O, F, Cl, P, Si, Br or S as well as C1 to C6 alkyl groups in particular.
- the aryl group that may be used in the context of the present invention, in particular for the compound of formula (I) above, is a compound comprising a single (hetero) aromatic ring which may be substituted, in particular a single ring. optionally substituted aromatic and, in particular, a single aromatic ring with 6 optionally substituted carbon atoms.
- the aromatic ring as previously described may be substituted by no other group than the photoactivatable group (B).
- the aromatic ring is substituted with at least one other substituent in addition to the photoactivatable group (B), in particular with one, two, three or four other substituents, which are identical or different, in addition to the photoactivatable group. (B).
- the aromatic ring and especially the aromatic ring with 6 carbon atoms is substituted with one, two, three or four fluorine atoms.
- the photoactivatable group and the group -N 2 are advantageously arranged, in para, on the aryl group.
- A may especially be chosen from inorganic anions such as halides such as I ⁇ , Br ⁇ and Cl ⁇ , haloborates such as tetrafluoroborate, perchlorates and sulphonates and organic anions such as alcoholates. and carboxylates.
- photoactivatable group is meant a chemical functional group which, when exposed to electromagnetic energy and in particular to a suitable wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, is converted into a reactive species such as a radical species, a nitrene or a carbene , capable of forming a covalent bond with another similarly reactive species of an identical or different type.
- Any photoactivatable group known to those skilled in the art can be used in the context of the present invention.
- a photoactivatable group is not a diazonium salt.
- the photoactivatable group capable of being used in the context of the present invention is chosen from a thiol group, a -C (O) -Ri group with R 1 representing an aryl group, in particular as defined above, an azide group.
- R 1 representing an aryl group, in particular as defined above
- (-N 3 ) an arylazide group -R 2 -N 3 with R 2 representing an aryl group especially as defined above or a diazirine group -C (N 2 ) -R 3 with R 3 representing a grouping alkyl, in particular a linear or branched alkyl group, of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted.
- the photoactivatable group that can be used in the context of the present invention is chosen from -SH, -N3 or -C (O) -
- step (i) of the process according to the present invention the term “reacting” includes not only the reaction of the compound on the area of the surface but also the possible transformation of a precursor into said compound.
- the method according to the present invention involves chemical grafting or electrografting in step (i) and photografting in step (ii) or photografting in step (i) and chemical grafting in step (ii). ). This means that the method according to the invention provides three main variants:
- the method comprises the successive steps of:
- Ci photoactivate the grafted molecule obtained following step (a1) or optionally following step (b), in the presence of said molecule or said object of interest, whereby said grafted molecule forms a bond with said molecule or said object of interest.
- chemical grafting refers in particular to the use of highly reactive radical or ionic molecular entities and cationic compounds capable of forming covalent bond bonds with a surface of interest, said molecular entities being generated independently of the surface on which they are intended to be grafted, without the surface to be grafted being obligatorily subjected to any treatment.
- the surface may be subjected, prior to any grafting, to an oxidizing pretreatment as described in the international application WO 2010/125190.
- non-electrochemical conditions is meant, in the context of the present invention, in the absence of external electrical voltage.
- the non-electrochemical conditions used in the process according to the invention and in particular in step (a1) of the process according to the invention are conditions which allow the formation of radical and / or ionic entities from the salt. of aryl diazonium used, in the absence of the application of any electrical voltage to the surface to be functionalized or to the solution containing the aryl diazonium salt. These conditions involve parameters such as, for example, the temperature, the nature of the solvent, the presence of a particular additive, agitation, pressure while the electric current is not involved. not during the formation of radical entities.
- the non-electrochemical conditions allowing the formation of radical entities are numerous and this type of reaction is known and studied in detail in the prior art (Rempp & Merrill, Polymer Synthesis, 1991, 65-86, Huthig & Wepf).
- Step (ai) is based on the method as described in international application WO 2008/078052.
- the molecule obtained from an aryl diazonium salt substituted with a photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof is advantageously of (co) polymeric type and is in particular in the form of an organic film.
- non-electrochemical conditions allowing the formation of radical and / or ionic entities are typically selected from the group consisting of thermal, kinetic, chemical, photochemical, radiochemical conditions and combinations thereof.
- the non-electrochemical conditions are chosen from the group consisting of thermal, chemical and photochemical conditions and their combinations with each other and / or with the kinetic conditions.
- the thermal environment is a function of the temperature. Its control is easy with the heating means usually employed by those skilled in the art. The use of a thermostated environment is of particular interest since it allows precise control of the reaction conditions.
- the kinetic environment essentially corresponds to the agitation of the system and the friction forces. It is not a question here of the agitation of the molecules in itself (elongation of bonds, etc.), but of the global movement of the molecules.
- the application of a pressure makes it possible in particular to supply energy to the system so that the aryl diazonium salt is destabilized and can form reactive, radical and / or ionic species.
- the action of various radiations such as radiation in the visible, UV rays in particular by means of a UV lamp, an excimer lamp or a laser.
- the wavelength used will be chosen according to the salt used so as to activate the diazonium function without activating the photoactivatable function, as explained hereinafter.
- one or more chemical initiator is used in the reaction medium.
- the presence of chemical initiators is often coupled with non-chemical environmental conditions as discussed above.
- a chemical initiator under the selected environmental conditions, acts on the aryl diazonium salt and causes the formation of radical and / or ionic entities from the latter i.e. its reduction.
- chemical initiators whose action is not essentially related to environmental conditions and which can act over wide ranges of thermal or kinetic conditions.
- the initiator will preferably be suitable for the reaction environment, for example the solvent if a solvent is employed.
- thermal initiators the most common of which are peroxides or azo compounds. Under the action of heat, these compounds dissociate into free radicals. In this case, the reaction is carried out at a minimum temperature corresponding to that required for formation of radicals from the initiator.
- This type of chemical initiators is generally used specifically in a certain temperature range, depending on their kinetics of decomposition;
- the photochemical or radiochemical initiators which are excited by radiation triggered by irradiation (most often by UV, but also by ⁇ radiation or by electron beams) allow the production of radicals by more or less complex mechanisms.
- BusSnH and I 2 belong to photochemical or radiochemical initiators. If photochemical or radiochemical initiators are used, the latter must, in order to guarantee the orthogonality of the two reactive groups (ie - 2 + and photoactivatable groups), must be activated at an activation wavelength at which the grouping photoactivable is not activated or a precursor of the photoactivatable grouping should be used. In the latter case, it is obvious that the precursor of the photoactivatable group must not be activated at the activation wavelength of the photochemical or radiochemical initiators used.
- initiators essentially chemical initiators, this type of initiators acting rapidly and under normal conditions of temperature and pressure on the aryl diazonium salt to enable it to form radicals and / or ions.
- Such initiators generally have a redox potential which is lower than the reduction potential of the aryl diazonium salt used in the reaction conditions.
- the aryl diazonium salt it may thus be for example a reducing metal, such as iron, zinc, nickel; a metallocene; an organic reducing agent such as hypophosphorous acid (H3PO 2 ) or ascorbic acid; of an organic or inorganic base in proportions sufficient to allow destabilization of the adhesion primer.
- the reducing metal used as chemical initiator is in finely divided form, such as wool (also called more commonly "straw") metal or metal filings.
- wool also called more commonly "straw" metal or metal filings.
- a pH of greater than or equal to 4 is generally sufficient.
- Radical reservoir-type structures such as polymer matrices previously irradiated with an electron beam or with a heavy ion beam and / or with all the irradiation means mentioned above, can also be used as chemical initiators for destabilizing the aryl diazonium salt and leading to the formation of radical and / or ionic entities therefrom.
- a solvent for example, when chemical conditions are employed and an initiator is used, it will advantageously be placed in a solution in contact with the reactive surface to allow the destabilization of the aryl diazonium salt and the formation of the reactive species.
- the solvent will be chosen so that it does not react in a manner significant with the reactive surface. For example, it is recommended to use a non-protic solvent.
- Step (bi) consists in transforming the precursor of the photoactivatable group into said photoactivatable group so that step (ci) can be implemented.
- the groups -N3 ⁇ 4 + and -N3 ⁇ 4 are precursors of the group -N3.
- a group -X with X may be ideally bromine or iodine and is in the form of a group - (CH2) m _ X with m number integer selected from 1, 2, 3 or 4 is a precursor of the group -N3.
- Step (ci) consists in subjecting the grafted molecule to the area of the surface to be functionalized and, more particularly, the photoactivatable group that it comprises to a light radiation capable of destabilizing said group and causing its reaction with the molecule or the object of interest.
- the light radiation and in particular the wavelength used and the radiation application time are parameters that a person skilled in the art will be able to determine as a function of the photoactivatable group implemented.
- This light radiation may be visible radiation such as blue visible radiation or ultraviolet radiation such as UVA, UVB, UVC or near visible UV radiation.
- the photoactivatable group is a diazirine group such as a group of formula -C (2) -R3 with R3 as defined above.
- the reactive species obtained from the photoactivatable groups following the application of the light radiation ie the radical species, the nitrenes and the carbenes are capable of reacting with different types of groups carried by the molecule of interest or the object of interest.
- the photoactivatable group is a thiol group
- the reactive species obtained after the application of the light radiation is a sulfenyl radical of formula RS ' , the latter reacting advantageously with an alkene or terminal alkyne group carried by the molecule of interest or object of interest.
- photogreffage is performed first by bringing the photoactivatable group involved in the covalent binding of the molecule with the surface to functionalize the grafted molecule thus presents a group - 2 + or precursor thereof that occurs during the covalent attachment of the molecule or object of interest.
- the method comprises the successive steps of:
- step (a 2 ) optionally converting said at least one precursor present on the grafted molecule following step (a 2 ) into a -N 2 + group ;
- step (a 2 ) subject to non-electrochemical conditions the grafted aromatic molecule obtained following step (a 2 ) or optionally following step (b 2 ), in the presence of said molecule or said object of interest whereby said molecule graft forms a bond with said molecule or said object of interest.
- the wavelength used to activate the photoactivatable group in step (2) should be distinct from a wavelength capable of activating the diazonium aryl diazonium salt used.
- a precursor of - 2 + aryl diazonium salt it is possible to implement, during step (a 2 ), a precursor of - 2 + aryl diazonium salt. In the latter case, it is obvious that the precursor of the - 2 + group should not be activated at the wavelength of activation of the photoactivatable group.
- diazonium moiety and the photoactivatable moiety are orthogonal functions that can be activated sequentially and distinctly.
- step (ci) applies mutatis mutandis to step (a 2) of the 2 nd embodiment.
- All the photoactivatable groups envisaged can be used during step (a 2 ).
- these photoactivatable groups are chosen from the groups -C (O) -Ri with R 1 representing an aryl group as defined above, an azide group (-N 3 ) or an arylazide group such as a group of formula -R 2 -N 3 with R 2 representing an aryl group as defined above.
- step (ci) or (a 2 ) is carried out dry or in the presence of a small amount of solvent.
- Step (b 2 ) consists in transforming the precursor of the - 2 + group into said - 2 + group so that step (c 2 ) can be implemented.
- the precursors of the aryl diazonium salts used are arylamines having greater stability than said salts. Indeed, by simple oxidation reaction, for example, with a 0 2 in an acidic aqueous medium, or with NOBF 4 in an organic medium, it is possible to form the corresponding aryl diazonium salts.
- step (b 2 ) can be implemented prior to step (ai) of the 1st variant, especially if it is a precursor of aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof which is used.
- step (bi) may be implemented prior to step (a 2) of the 2 nd variant and, particularly if it is a salt aryl diazonium substituted with at least one precursor of a photoactivatable group or a precursor of an aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one precursor of a photoactivatable group which is used.
- step (I) applies mutatis mutandis to step (c 2) of the 2 nd embodiment.
- step (c 2) of the 2 nd embodiment.
- the process is comparable to an aryl diazonium salt or precursor thereof supported as described in the application International WO 2009/121944. Those skilled in the art will therefore be able to refer to the latter and to the different variants envisaged for the implementation of step (c 2 ) of the process according to the invention.
- Steps (ci) and (c 2 ) can be subdivided into two sub-steps that can be implemented simultaneously or one after the other. These two sub-steps consist, first of all, in subjecting the molecule having a photoactivatable group or a group -N 2 + respectively to light radiation or to nonelectrochemical conditions and then to bringing this activated molecule into contact with the molecule or the object of interest.
- these two sub-steps consist, first of all, in subjecting the molecule having a photoactivatable group or a group -N 2 + respectively to light radiation or to nonelectrochemical conditions and then to bringing this activated molecule into contact with the molecule or the object of interest.
- the electrografting is carried out first involving the -N 2 + group which, following its electroreduction, participates in the covalent bonding of the molecule with the surface to be functionalized, the grafted molecule therefore has at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor of it which intervenes during the covalent fixation of the molecule or the object of interest. It should be emphasized that this variant only applies to conductive or semiconducting surfaces of electricity.
- the method comprises the successive steps of:
- step (a3) optionally transforming said at least one precursor present on the grafted molecule following step (a3) into a photoactivatable group
- step (a3) photoactivating the grafted molecule obtained following step (a3) or optionally following step (b3), in the presence of said molecule or said object of interest, whereby said grafted molecule forms a bond with said molecule or said object of interest.
- the term “electrografting” refers in particular to an electro-initiated and localized grafting process of the electrically activated substituted aryl diazonium salt on a surface comprising conductive and / or semiconducting portions of electricity. by contacting said substituted aryl diazonium salts with said surface.
- the grafting is carried out electrochemically in a single step on selected, defined areas of said conductive and / or semiconducting portions.
- step (a3) comprises the substeps consisting of:
- the electric potential employed in step (a3) of the process according to the present invention is close to the reduction potential of the aryl diazonium salt substituted by at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor of that implemented and reacts on the surface.
- This variant of the present invention can be implemented in an electrolysis cell comprising different electrodes: a first working electrode constituting the surface intended to receive the film, a counter electrode, as well as possibly a reference electrode.
- the polarization of said surface may be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art and especially under linear or cyclic voltammetric conditions, in potentiostatic, potentiodynamic, intensiostatic, galvanostatic, galvanodynamic or by simple or pulsed chronoamperometry.
- the process according to the present invention is carried out under cyclic voltammetry conditions. All that has been previously explained for steps (bi) and (ci) applies mutatis mutandis to steps (b3) and (C3) respectively.
- the molecule grafted following steps (a1), ( a2 ) and ( a3 ) of the process and having either at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof, or at least one group - 2 + or a precursor of the It is an organic molecule, comprising from a few atoms to several tens or even hundreds of atoms.
- This molecule can therefore be a simple molecule and in particular of the substituted aryl type or a molecule having a more complex structure such as a polymer structure.
- the salt aryl diazonium substituted by at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof implemented in step (a 3) is substituted by a group -COOH or , or by a group -NO 2 .
- the method according to the invention may comprise an additional step of structuring the zone of the surface used. This structuring consists of modifying the zone or the surface and, more particularly, reducing the size of this zone or this surface and / or reducing the number of radical and / or ionic entities on this zone or this surface.
- This structuring can take place once the molecule exhibiting at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof (or having a - 2 + group or a precursor thereof) grafted onto the area of the surface, ie following the step (ai) and optionally (bi), following step (a2) and optionally (b2) or following step (a3) and optionally (bs).
- the zone or the surface obtained after step (a2) and optionally following step (b2) may be subjected to UV irradiation under a UV lamp (spectrum 200-500 nm, 200 W), especially in air, for a few minutes.
- a UV lamp spectrum 200-500 nm, 200 W
- a UV exposure time of 3 at 10 min allows the destruction of all groups present on the surface.
- the layer thus obtained is called “dead layer” and no longer allows the functionalization of this layer by a molecule or an object of interest.
- the time of exposure to UV radiation to obtain the "dead layer” is a function of the thickness of the latter ie the thickness of the molecule having at least one - 2 + group .
- the density of the radical and / or ionic entities at the area of the first surface can be controlled to modulate the number of sites. assets per unit area. This method makes it possible to modulate the density of molecules or objects of interest per unit area.
- a grid or a mask deposited on the area of the surface having a particular geometry makes it possible to obtain a pad (square, circle, etc.) and then the whole is subjected to UV radiation. Areas with groups - 2 + irradiated with UV are now considered inactive. Areas with - 2 + groups not irradiated with UV are still considered active.
- the structuring of the zone of the surface used in the process of the present invention may be carried out prior to the grafting of the molecule having at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof (or having a grouping). 2 + or a precursor of this one) before the steps (ai), (a 2 ) or (a 3 ).
- This variant involves the use of a buffer to be applied to the surface or the support.
- This buffer which can be likened to a mask, typically corresponds to a physical entity that is neither grafted to the surface nor covalently bonded to it. It may especially be a solid material or a thin layer of material, typically from a few Angstroms to a few microns, generally of organic nature, deposited on the surface.
- the buffer makes it possible to "hide” locally the chemical reactivity of the surface with respect to the radicals, carbene or nitrene generated during one of the two process variants and thus causes the grafting of the molecule having at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof (or having a - 2 + group or a precursor thereof) only on those parts of the surface exposed to the solution, the areas of the surface equipped with the mask being preserved from said grafting. After removal of the mask at the end of the operation, the surface that was protected, unlike that which was not equipped with a mask, has no grafted molecule.
- the mask will consist of a thin layer of inorganic or organic material acting as a layer of less cohesion easily removable under mild conditions.
- a layer of material is considered as such in that it does not require the use of harmful to the grafted molecule for elimination.
- the mild conditions correspond to a simple chemical washing, generally carried out using a solvent in which the mask is soluble, to an ultrasonic treatment in a solvent in which the mask is soluble or to a rise in temperature.
- the material constituting the mask can thus be chosen from a wide range. It will usually be chosen according to the nature of the solid support.
- the mask can react with the radicals, ions, nitrites or carbenes generated during the process. In all cases, it is possible to eliminate it to discover the areas of the surface of the solid support protected grafting on which no molecule having at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof (or having a - 2 + grouping or a precursor of it) will not be observed (comparable to so-called "lift-off" methods in lithography).
- Mask deposition techniques are well known to those skilled in the art. This may include coating, spraying or immersion.
- the mask in the form of a thin layer of material, may for example be deposited by direct drawing from a felt (pencil type) impregnated with the selected material.
- a felt pencil type
- On glass it is, for example, possible to use, as a mask, a marker such as those proposed in stationery or fat. It is also possible to use the process said "buffer".
- the mask will generally be composed of alkylthiols, in particular long chain alkylthiols, often C15 -C20 and typically C18 (technique called "microimpression” or "microcontact printing” in English). More generally, conventional lithography techniques can be used to form the mask: spin-coating, then insolation through a physical mask or via a beam of light or controllable particles, then revelation.
- the structuring can be obtained by using a composite surface as described in the international application WO 02/070148.
- the present invention also relates to the use of an aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof as previously defined for functionalizing, by chemical grafting or electrografting and by photografting, at least one zone. of a surface with at least one molecule or object of interest.
- the expression "to functionalize, by chemical grafting or electrografting and by photografting” implies that functionalization involves chemical grafting and photografting or electrografting and photografting.
- the aryl diazonium salt substituted with at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof is selected from 3-C 6 H 4 - 2 , A " ; 3-C 6 H 4 -H 2; C 6 H 5 -C (O) -C 6 H 4 -N 2 + , A " ; C 6 H 5 -C (O) -C 6 H 4 -NH 2 ; I- (CH 2) m -C 6 H 4 N 2 +, A ", I- (CH 2) m -C 6 H 4 -NH 2; Br- (CH 2) m - C 6 H 4 -N 2 + , A " ; Br- (CH 2 ) m -C 6 H 4 -NH 2 ; + H 3 NC 6 H 4 -N 2 + , A " ; + H 3 N-C 6 H 4 -NH 2 ; H 2 NC 6 H 4 -NH 2 ; HS-C 6 H 4 -N 2 + , A " and HS-C 6 H
- the l st and 3 rd variants of the method according to the invention with a chemical grafting or electro followed by photogreffage is characterized in that the binding to the support surface of the molecule having at least one photoactivatable group or a precursor thereof generally connects a carbon atom of an aryl ring to an atom of the surface.
- the 2 nd variant of the process according to the invention with a photogreffage followed by chemical grafting is characterized in that the binding of the molecule having at least one group -N 2 + or a precursor thereof to the surface of solid support connects to an atom of the surface at least one atom from the photoactivatable group which may be, for example, a nitrogen atom (case of the photoactivatable group -N 3 ), a sulfur atom (case of the photoactivatable group -SH ) or a substituted carbon atom by an -OH group and by an aryl -Ri group and in particular by a -CeH 5 group (in the case of the photoactivatable group -C (O) -Ri with R 1 representing an aryl group).
- the photoactivatable group which may be, for example, a nitrogen atom (case of the photoactivatable group -N 3 ), a sulfur atom (case of the photoactivatable group -SH ) or a substituted carbon
- the present invention also relates to a solid support whose surface has at least one zone that can be obtained after any one of the steps (a1), (bi), (a2), (b2), (a3) and (b3 ) of the process.
- the present invention relates to a solid support whose surface has at least one zone that can be obtained after step (a 2 ) or step (b2) of the method.
- the present invention relates to a solid support whose surface has at least one zone that can be obtained after step (a 2 ) or step (b 2 ) of the process, provided that the aryl salt diazonium substituted with at least one photoactivatable group or the precursor thereof used in step (a 2 ) is not a compound of formula N 3 -C 6 H 4 -H 2 .
- the present invention relates to a solid support whose surface has at least one zone that can be obtained after step (a 2 ) or step (b 2 ) of the process, provided that the molecule aromatic grafted on the support is not formula -NR-N3 ⁇ 4 with R representing an aryl group as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a solid support as defined above to prepare a biochip or a biosensor and a biochip or biosensor comprising a solid support whose surface has at least one zone with at least one molecule having a - 2 + group or a photoactivatable group reacted with a biological element selected from the group consisting of peptides; proteins such as gelatin, protein A, protein G, streptavidin, biotin, an enzyme; antibodies and antibody fragments; cell or membrane receptors; lipids ; polysaccharides such as glycoaminoglycans and especially heparin; cells or cell parts such as organelles or cell membranes and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.
- a biological element selected from the group consisting of peptides; proteins such as gelatin, protein A, protein G, streptavidin, biotin, an enzyme; antibodies and antibody fragments; cell or membrane receptors; lipids ; polysaccharides such as glycoaminoglycans and
- the present invention finds particularly interesting applications in the field of biology.
- the surface on which the method according to the invention is implemented may be the surface of a support being in various forms, of variable size and useful in biology.
- it may be in the form of slides, microplates including microplates 12, 24 or 96 wells, chips, particles, beads, microbeads, fibers, markers tubes such as haemolysis tubes or capillary type microchannels, columns or microcolumns such as SPIN TM columns, supports used for biosensors or biochips or medical devices.
- markers tubes such as haemolysis tubes or capillary type microchannels, columns or microcolumns such as SPIN TM columns
- supports used for biosensors or biochips or medical devices can have sizes ranging from a few hundred micrometers to several centimeters.
- biological or biologically active molecules will advantageously be chosen from the group constituted by the peptides; proteins such as gelatin, protein A, protein G, streptavidin, biotin, an enzyme; antibodies and antibody fragments; cell or membrane receptors; lipids ; polysaccharides such as glycoaminoglycans and especially heparin; cells or cell parts such as organelles or cell membranes and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.
- the present invention can be used for the preparation of biochips or biosensors.
- This preparation can present different embodiments of the steps
- the biological or biologically active molecule is deposited by means of a micro or nano-fluidic system in a direct or sequential manner in the form of a drop, another molecule thus being able to be introduced thanks to the deposition of a drop and so on,
- kits of elements that can be used during the implementation of a method as defined above.
- a kit includes:
- a solid support in a first compartment, a solid support whose surface has at least one zone which can be obtained after any one of steps (i), (bi), (a 2), (b 2), (a3) and (b3) of the process,
- At least one element necessary for producing the -N 2 + group from its -NH 2 precursor for example, a solution of NaNO 2 in an acidic aqueous medium, or a solution of NOBF 4 , in an organic medium
- at least one element necessary for producing a radical and / or ionic species from the -N 2 + group such as a chemical initiator
- a molecule of interest as defined in claim 3 or an object of interest as defined in claim 4 to be immobilized.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a solid support whose surface at least one zone which can be obtained after any one of steps (i), (bi), (a 2), (b 2) , (a3) and (b3) of the method for immobilizing on this last a molecule of interest as defined above or an object of interest as defined above.
- the present invention relates to the use of a solid support whose surface has at least one zone that can be obtained after any of the steps (a 1 ), (b 1 ), (a 2 ), (b 2 ), (a3) and (b3) of the method for immobilizing on the latter a carbon nanotube, single-walled or multi-walled, a graphene sheet or a silicon nanowire.
- the present invention relates to the use of a method as previously described or of a solid support whose surface has at least one zone that can be obtained after any one of steps (ai), ), (a 2 ), (b 2 ), (a3) and (b3) of the method for exfoliating graphene sheets.
- the present invention relates to the use of a method as previously described or of a solid support whose surface has at least one zone that can be obtained after any one of steps (ai), ), (a 2 ), (b 2 ), (a3) and (b3) of the method for metallizing the area of said surface.
- the object of interest used is a nano-object (NB) and in particular a nanoparticle (NP)
- NB nano-object
- NP nanoparticle
- the support on which the NB is immobilized will be directly immersed in a solution comprising one or more metal salts which can be reduced by NB.
- the present invention also finds application in the field of surface treatment. Indeed, it can be implemented to treat, in a durable manner, a material and in particular to modify properties such as surface energy also called “surface tension”, “surface tension”, “interface energy” or “interfacial tension” of at least one of its surfaces and thus to modify the wettability of this surface.
- the invention notably makes it possible to modify the interface properties between said material and a liquid.
- modifying the surface energy is meant in the context of the present invention both increase and decrease the surface energy especially with respect to a given liquid that is hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
- the method according to the present invention makes it possible to modify (ie increase or decrease) the contact angle of a liquid disposed on the surface thus treated with respect to the contact angle of the same liquid disposed on said untreated surface.
- the process according to The present invention is a process which makes it possible to modify (ie increase or decrease) the wettability of said surface.
- Hydrophobic molecules are typically insoluble in protic solvents and particularly in water.
- the solubility of these molecules is finite and they can form immiscible phases with protic solvents such as water.
- They generally comprise at least one chemical group which is qualified as hydrophobic.
- the hydrophobic group participates in the modification of the surface energy.
- the hydrophobic group is advantageously selected from the group consisting of
- C3 to C50 especially C6 to C30 and, in particular, C10 to C20 may optionally comprise at least one unsaturation (double or triple bond), at least one heteroatom and / or at least one substitution,
- a C3 to C50 aryl especially a C6 to C30 and, especially, a C10 to C20 aralkyl which may optionally comprise at least one substitution
- this substitution may be a linear, branched or cyclic C3 to C50 alkyl, in particular a C6 to C6 alkyl, C30 and in particular C10 to C20 which may optionally comprise at least one unsaturation (double or triple bond) and / or at least one heteroatom, and
- C6 to C50 especially) C6 to C30 and, in particular, C10 to C20 (poly) ring which may optionally comprise at least one unsaturation (double or triple bond), at least one heteroatom and / or at least one substitution.
- Said substitution is advantageously a substitution with a C1 to C6 alkyl and / or with one (or more) halogen (s) and in particular with one (or more) fluorine (s).
- a molecule of interest that can be used for this application is in particular a surfactant and, in particular, a fluorinated surfactant such as those contained in the compositions marketed by DuPont under the trademark Zonyl.
- the present invention therefore relates to a method for modifying the surface energy of at least one surface of a solid comprising functionalizing said surface with a hydrophobic molecule as defined above, according to a functionalization method as defined above.
- a solution of azido phenyl diazonium tetrafluoroborate 5.10 -2 M and 5.10 -2 M tetraethylammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile is conveniently prepared in a glove box.
- a cyclic voltammetry of one or more scanning cycles between the equilibrium potential defined by a reference electrode Ag + / Ag and -1 V makes it possible to deposit a polyazidophenylene film on a gold glass slide.
- the scanning speed is ideally 20 mV.s -1 .
- the first cycle shows the electrochemical reduction of the diazonium salt.
- a second scan verifies that the layer is built by the almost complete absence of current flow.
- the counterelectrode is typically made of graphite. After rinsing the sample slide with acetone and natural drying, an IR analysis is made which makes it possible to check the presence of the vibration at 2130 cm -1 which testifies to the presence of the azide functions in the deposit.
- the thickness of the deposit is typically a few nanometers.
- the polyazidophenylene film is relatively stable and can be simply and conveniently stored away from light. 1.3. Immobilization of protein A or G.
- Protein A or G serves to immobilize and orient the antibodies preferentially.
- Protein A or G is dissolved in deionized water at a concentration of 1 mg / ml.
- a quantity of 30 ⁇ l of this solution is deposited on the micropipette on a polyazidophenylene slide, then this droplet of solution is flattened on the slide by a glass slide of microscopy type. Drying of the water is carried out under a primary vacuum. The glass coverslip is removed. Ideally a thin layer of protein G is formed. The slide is then exposed for 30 minutes to a UV lamp at 254 nm.
- anti-ovalbumin anti-streptavidin
- anti-lectin anti-lectin
- mouse immunoglobulin G which will serve as a control antibody.
- the antibodies are deposited on the polyazidophenylene plate having grafted protein A or G by a spotter according to a defined grid of 36 spots (9 spots per antibody).
- the studs are 500 ym and are spaced 800 ym apart.
- the plots are left overnight to incubate in a humid atmosphere made in a petri dish.
- Detection of antigens by SPRi A slide incubated with the antibodies is placed in the SPRi device.
- the 3 antigens are ovalbumin (ova), lectin (lec), and streptavidin (strep) corresponding respectively to anti-ovalbumin (antiova), anti-lectin (antilec) and anti-streptavidin ( antistrep).
- the formation of the antigen / antibody complex can also be observed by looking at the image of the chip recorded on the CCD camera.
- the spots where the antigen has been picked up become clearer or even white. This corresponds to a mass increase of the areas concerned. I.6. Regeneration of antibody spots.
- the regeneration which aims to dissociate the immune complexes without detaching the antibody from the protein is carried out with the injection of 100 ⁇ L of a regeneration solution typically composed of a 0.1 M glycine / HCl mixture.
- the first regeneration leads to a loss of material bound to antibodies insufficiently attached to the protein A or G layer.
- the following injection / regeneration cycles lead to stable results showing the good adhesion of the protein A underlayer. or G.
- the polyphenylene layer formed and because of their activity the 3D structures of protein A or G have been preserved. This results in the fact of the "good attachment" of the antibodies on these protein layers A or G.
- Example I The following exemplary embodiments vary from Example I only to the step of manufacturing the polyazidophenylene layer.
- the reaction was carried out in an electrochemical cell containing 10 ml of an electrochemical solution corresponding to an aqueous solution of 1,4-phenylenediamine (10 -2 M, 1.4 eq.) And NaN0 2 (5 ⁇ 10 -3 M). 0.5 eq.) In 0.5M HC1.
- the film deposition was done potentiostatically (the potential chosen being in the electroactivity barrier of the diazonium salt) or potentiodynamically (cyclic voltammetry) with a scanning speed of 20 mV.s -1 .
- the layers obtained in III.1 are immersed in a solution of HCl (0.1 N) and NaN 2 (5.10 -3 mol) for 2 min to give a layer of polydiazophenylene.
- the layer thus obtained can be subjected to a treatment as presented in point 1.3 et seq. IV. Protocol for grafting a polyazidophenylene layer via chemical grafting or electrografting of a polyhalobenzyl layer.
- This exemplary embodiment makes it possible to produce a carrier layer of halobenzyl (Phy-C3 ⁇ 4-X) functions, X being ideally bromine or iodine.
- the manufacture of the diazonium salt carrying the C3 ⁇ 4-X function is carried out as follows.
- the 4- (hydroxymethyl) aniline commercial molecule is contacted with tetrabutylammonium bromide to prepare, ideally according to the procedure of S. Mahouche's article Surface Science, 603, 3205-3211, 2009, the following molecule: BF 4 ⁇ N 2 + -Phy-CH 2 -Br.
- the conversion of the latter can be done by simply immersing for several hours in a solution of a 3 typically of 10 -2 M in DMF.
- a DMF then acetone rinse typically makes it possible to dry the surface.
- the layer thus obtained can be subjected to a treatment as presented in point 1.3 et seq.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1155356A FR2976509A1 (fr) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Procede pour fonctionnaliser une surface avec un objet ou une molecule d'interet |
| PCT/EP2012/061478 WO2012172066A1 (fr) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-15 | Procédé pour fonctionnaliser une surface avec un objet ou une molécule d'intérêt |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2720806A1 true EP2720806A1 (fr) | 2014-04-23 |
| EP2720806B1 EP2720806B1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12730860.9A Not-in-force EP2720806B1 (fr) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-15 | Procédé pour fonctionnaliser une surface avec un objet ou une molécule d'intérêt |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2720806B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2976509A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012172066A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3019477B1 (fr) | 2014-04-03 | 2023-03-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fonctionnalisation de surface |
| CN109870429B (zh) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-07-13 | 黔南民族师范学院 | 一种多层石墨烯传感生物芯片的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2821575B1 (fr) | 2001-03-02 | 2003-10-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de greffage organique localise sans masque sur des protions conductrices ou semiconductrices de surfaces composites |
| FR2910010B1 (fr) | 2006-12-19 | 2009-03-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'un film organique a la surface d'un support solide dans des conditions non-electrochimiques, support solide ainsi obtenu et kit de preparation |
| FR2929618B1 (fr) | 2008-04-03 | 2011-03-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede pour assembler deux surfaces ou une surface avec une molecule d'interet |
| FR2944982B1 (fr) | 2009-04-30 | 2011-10-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'un substrat metallise,ledit substrat et ses utilisations |
-
2011
- 2011-06-17 FR FR1155356A patent/FR2976509A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-06-15 EP EP12730860.9A patent/EP2720806B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-06-15 WO PCT/EP2012/061478 patent/WO2012172066A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2012172066A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2720806B1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 |
| WO2012172066A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 |
| FR2976509A1 (fr) | 2012-12-21 |
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