EP2714963B1 - Cold gas spray method with improved adhesion and reduced layer porosity - Google Patents

Cold gas spray method with improved adhesion and reduced layer porosity Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2714963B1
EP2714963B1 EP12724870.6A EP12724870A EP2714963B1 EP 2714963 B1 EP2714963 B1 EP 2714963B1 EP 12724870 A EP12724870 A EP 12724870A EP 2714963 B1 EP2714963 B1 EP 2714963B1
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Prior art keywords
component
coating
cold gas
deposition
heat treatment
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EP12724870.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2714963A1 (en
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André Werner
Manuel Hertter
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for coating a component, in which the coating material in powder form is applied to the component to be coated by means of cold gas spraying.
  • powder particles are accelerated at high speed in the direction of a component on which the powder is to be deposited as a layer. Due to the high speed at which the powder particles are moved by means of a carrier gas in the direction of the component to be coated, the kinetic energy is converted into deformation energy upon impact with the component and the powder particles and / or the component surface are so strongly deformed. that the materials flow into each other, so that a mutual connection results.
  • the advantage of the kinetic cold gas spraying is that no additional effort for the melting of the powder particles or heating of the powder particles as in plasma spraying or flame spraying is required.
  • the powder particles are in cold gas spraying in temperature ranges in which they do not or only slightly with the environment, so that no action must be taken to prevent the powder particles, for example, oxidize.
  • the fluidity of the powder particles is limited by the relatively low working temperature below the melting point of the coating material and it is thus possible for pores to form in the coating.
  • the adhesive strength may be affected accordingly.
  • the cold gas spraying process should continue to be easy to carry out.
  • a method for coating a component in which the coating material is applied in powder form by means of cold gas spraying onto the component to be coated, wherein the surface of the component is roughened before the deposition of the coating material, the coating is deposited in layers and then a surface heat treatment is carried out, in which the deposited coating material is melted.
  • the surface heat treatment is carried out after each deposition of one layer or one or more times between the deposition of successive layer and near-surface regions of the component are also melted.
  • the core of the component is neither melted nor heated to a temperature range close to the surface temperature, but below 70% of the surface temperature.
  • the superficial melting of the deposited coating or of the transition region between the component and the coating improves the adhesive strength, since the materials which have flowed into one another mechanically now also flow into one another in molten form. Moreover, any existing porosity in the coating is eliminated because the gas trapped in the pores can escape from the molten coating and the adjacent material can flow into the respective cavities.
  • the core temperature of the component should be kept as low as possible in order to avoid undesirable microstructural changes.
  • the surface heat treatment may be carried out with melting of the coating after each deposition of a layer or between the deposition of successive layers as required.
  • a further improvement in the adhesive strength of the deposited coating can be achieved by roughening the component surface prior to deposition of the layer.
  • the surface heat treatment can be carried out by various suitable methods and devices, such as by heating by means of a gas burner, a laser or by induction heating. Other methods for heating only the surface or the coating and the boundary region between the component and the coating can be used.
  • the cold gas spraying device itself, with which the coating has been applied are used for surface heat treatment.
  • the corresponding carrier gas has to be heated more strongly than has been done, for example, during the deposition of the powder particles.
  • a further improvement in the adhesive strength of the deposited coating can also be achieved by preheating the component surface prior to deposition of the layer.
  • the inventive method can be used in particular for the deposition of solder materials on turbine components of gas turbines and aircraft engines.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a Kaltgasspritzvorraum 4, which has a gas supply 6, via which a carrier gas is supplied, which serves to transport the deposited powder particles 8 on the surface of the component 1
  • the carrier gas 6 is from a gas supply device (not shown) with high pressure and high speed in introduced the cold gas spraying device 4, where it via a nozzle assembly, for. B. a Laval nozzle 5, emerges at a very high speed and flows in the direction of the surface to be coated of the component 1 (spray jet 3).
  • the velocity of the carrier gas may be in the range of the speed of sound.
  • a powder feed 7 is also provided, via which a material to be coated can be supplied in the form of a powder so that it leaves the cold gas spraying device 4 via the Laval nozzle 5 with the carrier gas and can be deposited on the component.
  • the carrier gas can also be tempered accordingly, so that it can well be in the temperature range of up to several 100 ° C.
  • the temperature during cold gas spraying is not chosen so high that the coating material is melted by means of the carrier gas. Rather, the powder particles 8 meet in non-molten state on the surface of the component 1, wherein due to the high impact velocity of the particles 8 upon impingement preforming of the particles 8 and / or the component surface takes place, so that there is a flow into each other of the materials and / or a Welding of the materials comes.
  • a dense, well-adhering layer 2 can be formed on the component 1.
  • pores may remain in the layer, as shown schematically in FIG Fig. 2 is shown, in which the pores 9 in the coating 2 are shown purely schematically.
  • a surface heat treatment is carried out, in which the coating 2 is melted, so that a compression of the layer 2 and elimination of the porosity is effected.
  • the surface treatment for melting the layer 2 can be carried out by treatment with a gas burner, a laser or by inductive heating.
  • the heated carrier gas of the cold spraying device 4 it is also possible with the heated carrier gas of the cold spraying device 4 to cause the layer 2 to melt. For this purpose, only the temperature of the carrier gas must be increased accordingly.
  • the cold spray device 4 is then practically used as a hot air nozzle without the supply of powder particles.
  • the Fig. 3 shows the component 1 with the coating 2 after performing the surface heat treatment with melting of the coating 2 or of surface areas of the component 1 or the areas at the interface with the coating. 2
  • the combination according to the invention can combine advantages of layer deposition in the melt phase with advantages of kinetic cold gas spraying. Accordingly, the coating lacks corresponding reaction components which would be observed, for example, during thermal spraying.
  • a roughening of the component surface before application of the coating can additionally take place and / or preheating, wherein the rough surface and the subsequent melting of the coating 2 and / or the interface between component 1 and Coating 2 a particularly intense Into flow of materials occurs, which ensures a particularly good adhesion of the coating on the component 1.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Bauteils, bei welchem der Beschichtungsstoffin Pulverform mittels Kaltgasspritzen auf das zu beschichtende Bauteil aufgebracht wird.The present invention relates to a method for coating a component, in which the coating material in powder form is applied to the component to be coated by means of cold gas spraying.

Beim Kaltgasspritzen werden Pulverteilchen mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in Richtung eines Bauteils beschleunigt, auf welchem das Pulver als Schicht abgeschieden werden soll. Durch die hohe Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Pulverteilchen mittels eines Trägergases in Richtung auf das zu beschichtende Bauteil bewegt werden, kommt es beim Auftreffen auf das Bauteil zu einer Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie in Verformungsenergie und die Pulverpartikel und/oder die Bauteiloberfläche werden so stark verformt, dass die Werkstoffe ineinander fließen, sodass sich eine gegenseitige Verbindung ergibt.In cold gas spraying, powder particles are accelerated at high speed in the direction of a component on which the powder is to be deposited as a layer. Due to the high speed at which the powder particles are moved by means of a carrier gas in the direction of the component to be coated, the kinetic energy is converted into deformation energy upon impact with the component and the powder particles and / or the component surface are so strongly deformed. that the materials flow into each other, so that a mutual connection results.

Der Vorteil des kinetischen Kaltgasspritzens besteht darin, dass kein zusätzlicher Aufwand für das Aufschmelzen der Pulverpartikel bzw. Erwärmen der Pulverpartikel wie beim Plasmaspritzen oder Flammspritzen erforderlich ist. Außerdem befinden sich die Pulverpartikel beim Kaltgasspritzen in Temperaturbereichen, in denen sie mit der Umgebung nicht oder nur geringfügig reagieren, sodass keine Maßnahmen ergriffen werden müssen, um zu verhindern, dass die Pulverpartikel beispielsweise oxidieren. Darüber hinaus können auch Werkstoffe beschichtet werden, die möglicherweise nur bei sehr hohen Temperaturen entsprechend aufschmelzen würden.The advantage of the kinetic cold gas spraying is that no additional effort for the melting of the powder particles or heating of the powder particles as in plasma spraying or flame spraying is required. In addition, the powder particles are in cold gas spraying in temperature ranges in which they do not or only slightly with the environment, so that no action must be taken to prevent the powder particles, for example, oxidize. In addition, it is also possible to coat materials that would possibly melt only at very high temperatures.

Allerdings ist beim Kaltgasspritzverfahren nachteilig, dass durch die relativ niedrige Arbeitstemperatur unterhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Beschichtungsstoffs die Fließfähigkeit der Pulverpartikel eingeschränkt ist und es somit zur Ausbildung von Poren in der Beschichtung kommen kann. Außerdem kann die Haftfestigkeit entsprechend beeinträchtigt sein.However, it is disadvantageous in the case of the cold gas spraying process that the fluidity of the powder particles is limited by the relatively low working temperature below the melting point of the coating material and it is thus possible for pores to form in the coating. In addition, the adhesive strength may be affected accordingly.

Aus der WO 2006/075994 A2 ist ein Beschichtungsverfahren zur Beschichtung von Turbinenschaufeln bekannt, bei welchem nachfolgend einer Abscheidung der Schicht mittels kinetischem Kaltgasspritzen ein Verdichtuta,gsprazess mittels heiß-isostatischem Pressen (HIP) durchgeführt wird. Allerdings ist hierbei nachteilig, dass neben dem großen Aufwand keine Maßstabilität des gesamten Bauteils gegeben ist.From the WO 2006/075994 A2 a coating process for coating turbine blades is known, in which following a deposition of the layer by means of kinetic cold gas spraying Verdichtuta, gsprazess by means of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is performed. However, this is disadvantageous that in addition to the great effort no dimensional stability of the entire component is given.

Aus der WO 2006/050329 A1 ist ein Kaltgasspritzverfahren mit anschließender Wärmebehandlung bekannt, um gewünschte Gefügeeinstellungen zu bewirken.From the WO 2006/050329 A1 is a cold spraying with subsequent heat treatment known to effect desired microstructural settings.

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Bauteils bereitzustellen, bei dem die Probleme des Standes der Technik vermieden oder zumindest verringert werden. Insbesondere ist es Aufgabe, das Kaltgasspritzen in der Weise weiter zu verbessern, dass die Problematik der Porenbildung gelöst und die Haftfestigkeit verbessert werden kann. Gleichzeitig soll jedoch das Kaltgasspritzverfahren weiterhin einfach durchführbar sein.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for coating a component, in which the problems of the prior art are avoided or at least reduced. In particular, it is an object to improve the cold gas spraying in such a way that the problem of pore formation can be solved and the adhesion can be improved. At the same time, however, the cold gas spraying process should continue to be easy to carry out.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Bauteils vorgeschlagen, bei welchem der Beschichtungsstoff in Pulverform mittels Kaltgasspritzen auf das zu beschichtende Bauteil aufgebracht wird, wobei die Oberfläche des Bauteils vor der Abscheidung des Beschichtungsstoffes aufgeraut wird, die Beschichtung lagenweise abgeschieden und anschließend eine Oberflächewärmebehandlung durchgeführt wird, bei welcher der abgeschiedene Beschichtungsstoff aufgeschmolzen wird. Bei dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren wird die Oberflächenwärmebehandlung nach jeder Abscheidung einer Lage oder ein oder mehrmals zwischen der Abscheidung von aufeinander folgenden Lage durchgeführt und oberflächennahe Bereiche des Bauteils werden ebenfalls aufgeschmolzen. Der Kern des Bauteils wird weder aufgeschmolzen noch in einen Temperaturbereich erwärmt, der der Oberflächentemperatur nahe kommt, sondern unterhalb von 70% der Oberflächentemperatur liegt.A method is proposed for coating a component, in which the coating material is applied in powder form by means of cold gas spraying onto the component to be coated, wherein the surface of the component is roughened before the deposition of the coating material, the coating is deposited in layers and then a surface heat treatment is carried out, in which the deposited coating material is melted. In the proposed method, the surface heat treatment is carried out after each deposition of one layer or one or more times between the deposition of successive layer and near-surface regions of the component are also melted. The core of the component is neither melted nor heated to a temperature range close to the surface temperature, but below 70% of the surface temperature.

Durch das oberflächliche Aufschmelzen der abgeschiedenen Beschichtung bzw. des Übergangsbereichs zwischen dem Bauteil und der Beschichtung wird einerseits die Haftfestigkeit verbessert, da die mechanisch ineinander geflossenen Werkstoffe nunmehr auch in geschmolzener Form verstärkt ineinander fließen können. Darüber hinaus wird eventuell existierende Porosität in der Beschichtung beseitigt, da das in den Poren eingeschlossene Gas aus der aufgeschmolzen nen Beschichtung entweichen kann und das angrenzende Material in die entsprechenden Hohlräume fließen kann.The superficial melting of the deposited coating or of the transition region between the component and the coating, on the one hand, improves the adhesive strength, since the materials which have flowed into one another mechanically now also flow into one another in molten form. Moreover, any existing porosity in the coating is eliminated because the gas trapped in the pores can escape from the molten coating and the adjacent material can flow into the respective cavities.

Bei dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren sollen nur die Oberflächenbereiche, also die Beschichtung und der Grenzbereich des Bauteils zur Beschichtung aufgeschmolzen werden, während der Kern des Bauteils weder aufgeschmolzen noch erwärmt werden soll. Vorzugsweise soll die Kemtemperatur des Bauteils so niedrig gehalten werden wie möglich, um unerwünschte Gefügeveränderungen zu vermeiden.In the proposed method, only the surface areas, ie the coating and the boundary region of the component for coating should be melted, while the core of the component should neither be melted nor heated. Preferably, the core temperature of the component should be kept as low as possible in order to avoid undesirable microstructural changes.

Bei einer lagenweisen Abscheidung der Beschichtung kann die Oberflächenwärmebehandlung mit Aufschmelzen der Beschichtung nach jeder Abscheidung einer Lage oder je nach Bedarf zwischen der Abscheidung von aufeinander folgenden Lagen durchgeführt werden.In a layered deposition of the coating, the surface heat treatment may be carried out with melting of the coating after each deposition of a layer or between the deposition of successive layers as required.

Eine weitere Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit der abgeschiedenen Beschichtung lässt sich durch eine Aufrauung der Bauteiloberfläche vor Abscheidung der Schicht erzielen.A further improvement in the adhesive strength of the deposited coating can be achieved by roughening the component surface prior to deposition of the layer.

Die Oberflächenwärmebehandlung kann durch verschiedenste geeignete Verfahren und Vorrichtungen durchgeführt werden, wie beispielsweise durch Erwärmung mittels eines Gasbrenners, eines Lasers oder auch durch Induktionserwärmung. Auch andere Verfahren zur Erwärmung nur der Oberfläche bzw. der Beschichtung und des Grenzbereichs zwischen Bauteil und Beschichtung sind einsetzbar.The surface heat treatment can be carried out by various suitable methods and devices, such as by heating by means of a gas burner, a laser or by induction heating. Other methods for heating only the surface or the coating and the boundary region between the component and the coating can be used.

Bevorzugt kann auch die Kaltgasspritzeinrichtung selbst, mit der die Beschichtung aufgebracht worden ist, zur Oberflächenwärmebehandlung eingesetzt werden. Zu diesem Zweck muss lediglich das entsprechende Trägergas stärker erwärmt werden, als dies beispielsweise bei der Abscheidung der Pulverpartikel erfolgt ist.Preferably, the cold gas spraying device itself, with which the coating has been applied, are used for surface heat treatment. For this purpose, only the corresponding carrier gas has to be heated more strongly than has been done, for example, during the deposition of the powder particles.

Eine weitere Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit der abgeschiedenen Beschichtung kann auch durch Vorwärmung der Bauteiloberfläche vor Abscheidung der Schicht erzielt werden.A further improvement in the adhesive strength of the deposited coating can also be achieved by preheating the component surface prior to deposition of the layer.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann insbesondere für die Abscheidung von Lotwerkstoffen auf Turbinenbauteilen von Gasturbinen bzw. Flugtriebwerken eingesetzt werden.The inventive method can be used in particular for the deposition of solder materials on turbine components of gas turbines and aircraft engines.

Die beigefügten Figuren zeigen in rein schematischer Darstellung in

Fig. 1
eine Darstellung der Abscheidung einer Beschichtung mittels kinetischem Kaltgasspritzen;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Schnittdarstellung durch ein Bauteil mit einer entsprechenden Beschichtung; und in
Fig. 3
eine schematische Schnittansicht durch das fertig gestellte Bauteil mit der Beschichtung.
The attached figures show in a purely schematic representation in
Fig. 1
a representation of the deposition of a coating by kinetic cold gas spraying;
Fig. 2
a schematic sectional view through a component with a corresponding coating; and in
Fig. 3
a schematic sectional view through the finished component with the coating.

Weitere Vorteile, Kennzeichen und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung werden bei der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels deutlich. Allerdings ist die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt.Further advantages, characteristics and features of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of an embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Kaltgasspritzvorrichtung 4, welche eine Gaszufuhr 6 aufweist, über die ein Trägergas zugeführt wird, welches zum Transport der abzuscheidenden Pulverpartikel 8 auf der Oberfläche des Bauteils 1 dient Das Trägergas 6 wird von einer Gaszuführeinrichtung (nicht gezeigt) mit hohem Druck und hoher Geschwindigkeit in die Kaltgasspritzvorrichtung 4 eingeführt, wo es über eine Düsenanordnung, z. B. eine Laval-Düse 5, mit sehr hoher Geschwindigkeit austritt und in Richtung der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche des Bauteils 1 strömt (Spritzstrahl 3). Die Geschwindigkeit des Trägergases kann hierbei im Bereich der Schallgeschwindigkeit liegen.The Fig. 1 shows a Kaltgasspritzvorrichtung 4, which has a gas supply 6, via which a carrier gas is supplied, which serves to transport the deposited powder particles 8 on the surface of the component 1 The carrier gas 6 is from a gas supply device (not shown) with high pressure and high speed in introduced the cold gas spraying device 4, where it via a nozzle assembly, for. B. a Laval nozzle 5, emerges at a very high speed and flows in the direction of the surface to be coated of the component 1 (spray jet 3). The velocity of the carrier gas may be in the range of the speed of sound.

In der Kaltgasspritzvorrichtung 4 ist zudem eine Pulverzuführung 7 vorgesehen, über die ein zu beschichtender Werkstoff in Form eines Pulvers zugeführt werden kann, sodass er mit dem Trägergas die Kaltgasspritzvorrichtung 4 über die Laval-Düse 5 verlässt und auf dem Bauteil abgeschieden werden kann.In the cold gas spraying device 4, a powder feed 7 is also provided, via which a material to be coated can be supplied in the form of a powder so that it leaves the cold gas spraying device 4 via the Laval nozzle 5 with the carrier gas and can be deposited on the component.

Das Trägergas kann auch entsprechend temperiert werden, sodass es durchaus im Temperaturbereich von bis zu einigen 100°C liegen kann. Allerdings wird die Temperatur beim Kaltgasspritzen nicht so hoch gewählt, dass der Beschichtungswerkstoff mittels des Trägergases aufgeschmolzen wird. Vielmehr treffen die Pulverpartikel 8 in nicht geschmolzenem Zustand auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils 1 auf, wobei durch die hohe Auftreffgeschwindigkeit der Partikel 8 beim Auftreffen eine Vorformung der Partikel 8 und/oder der Bauteiloberfläche stattfindet, sodass es zu einem Ineinanderfließen der Werkstoffe und/oder einem Verschweißen der Werkstoffe kommt. Dadurch kann eine dichte, gut haftende Schicht 2 auf dem Bauteil 1 ausgebildet werden.The carrier gas can also be tempered accordingly, so that it can well be in the temperature range of up to several 100 ° C. However, the temperature during cold gas spraying is not chosen so high that the coating material is melted by means of the carrier gas. Rather, the powder particles 8 meet in non-molten state on the surface of the component 1, wherein due to the high impact velocity of the particles 8 upon impingement preforming of the particles 8 and / or the component surface takes place, so that there is a flow into each other of the materials and / or a Welding of the materials comes. As a result, a dense, well-adhering layer 2 can be formed on the component 1.

Allerdings können beim Kaltgasspritzen durch die eingeschränkt Fließfähigkeit des Beschichtungswerkstoffs Poren in der Schicht verbleiben, wie dies in der schematischen Darstellung der Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, in der die Poren 9 in der Beschichtung 2 rein schematisch dargestellt sind. Um diese Porosität zu beseitigen wird erfindungsgemäß nach Aufbringen der Schicht 2 eine Oberflächenwärmebehandlung durchgeführt, bei der die Beschichtung 2 aufgeschmolzen wird, sodass eine Verdichtung der Schicht 2 und Beseitigung der Porosität bewirkt wird. Die Oberflächenwännebehandlung zur Aufschmelzung der Schicht 2 kann durch Behandlung mit einem Gasbrenner, einem Laser oder durch induktive Erwärmung erfolgen. Darüber hinaus ist es auch möglich mit dem aufgeheizten Trägergas der Kaltspritzvorrichtung 4 ein Aufschmelzen der Schicht 2 zu bewirken. Zu diesem Zweck muss lediglich die Temperatur des Trägergases entsprechend erhöht werden. Die Kaltspritzvorrichtung 4 wird dann ohne Zufuhr von Pulverpartikel praktisch als Heißluftdüse verwendet.However, in the case of cold gas spraying, owing to the limited flowability of the coating material, pores may remain in the layer, as shown schematically in FIG Fig. 2 is shown, in which the pores 9 in the coating 2 are shown purely schematically. In order to eliminate this porosity, according to the invention, after the application of the layer 2, a surface heat treatment is carried out, in which the coating 2 is melted, so that a compression of the layer 2 and elimination of the porosity is effected. The surface treatment for melting the layer 2 can be carried out by treatment with a gas burner, a laser or by inductive heating. Moreover, it is also possible with the heated carrier gas of the cold spraying device 4 to cause the layer 2 to melt. For this purpose, only the temperature of the carrier gas must be increased accordingly. The cold spray device 4 is then practically used as a hot air nozzle without the supply of powder particles.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt das Bauteil 1 mit der Beschichtung 2 nach Durchführung der Oberflächenwärmebehandlung mit Aufschmelzen der Beschichtung 2 bzw. von Oberflächenbereichen des Bauteils 1 bzw. der Bereiche an der Grenzfläche zur Beschichtung 2.The Fig. 3 shows the component 1 with the coating 2 after performing the surface heat treatment with melting of the coating 2 or of surface areas of the component 1 or the areas at the interface with the coating. 2

Wie durch die gestrichelte Linie 10, die die frühere Oberfläche der Beschichtung 2 darstellt, angedeutet ist, kommt es zu einer Kompaktierung der Beschichtung 2, da die Poren 3 aus der Schicht beseitigt sind.As indicated by the dashed line 10, which represents the earlier surface of the coating 2, there is a compaction of the coating 2, since the pores 3 are eliminated from the layer.

Darüber hinaus ist auch im Gefügebild einer entsprechend aufgebrachten Beschichtung bzw. des Randschichtbereichs des Bauteils 1 und des Übergangsbereichs zwischen Bauteil 1 und Beschichtung 2 eine entsprechend veränderte Struktur zu beobachten, die durch den Schmelzprozess zu Stande kommt. Da gleichzeitig gewährleistet ist, dass durch das Kaltgasspritzen keine unerwünschten chemischen Reaktionen des Pulvers beim Aufbringen mit Umgebungsgasen erfolgt, können durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombination Vorteile einer Schichtabscheidung in der Schmelzphase mit Vorteilen des kinetischen Kaltgasspritzens kombiniert werden. Entsprechend fehlt es in der Beschichtung an entsprechenden Reaktionsomponenten, die beispielsweise beim thermischen Spritzen zu beobachten wären.In addition, in the microstructure of a correspondingly applied coating or the edge layer region of the component 1 and the transition region between component 1 and coating 2, a correspondingly altered structure is observed, which comes about through the melting process. Since at the same time it is ensured that the cold gas spraying does not result in any undesired chemical reactions of the powder during application with ambient gases, the combination according to the invention can combine advantages of layer deposition in the melt phase with advantages of kinetic cold gas spraying. Accordingly, the coating lacks corresponding reaction components which would be observed, for example, during thermal spraying.

Um die Haftfestigkeit der Beschichtung 2 auf dem Bauteil 1 weiter zu erhöhen kann zusätzlich eine Aufrauung der Bauteiloberfläche vor Aufbringen der Beschichtung erfolgen und/oder Vorwärmung, wobei durch die raue Oberfläche und das anschließende Aufschmelzen der Beschichtung 2 und/oder der Grenzfläche zwischen Bauteil 1 und Beschichtung 2 ein besonders intensives Ineinanderfließen der Werkstoffe auftritt, welches eine besonders gute Haftung der Beschichtung auf dem Bauteil 1 gewährleistet.In order to further increase the adhesive strength of the coating 2 on the component 1, a roughening of the component surface before application of the coating can additionally take place and / or preheating, wherein the rough surface and the subsequent melting of the coating 2 and / or the interface between component 1 and Coating 2 a particularly intense Into flow of materials occurs, which ensures a particularly good adhesion of the coating on the component 1.

Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung anhand des Ausführungsbeispiels detailliert beschrieben worden ist, ist für den Fachmann selbstverständlich, dass die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt ist, sondern dass vielmehr Abwandlungen in der Weise möglich sind, dass einzelne Merkmale weggelassen oder verschiedene Kombinationen von Merkmalen realisiert werden können, ohne dass der Schutzbereich der beigefügten Ansprüche verlassen wird. Insbesondere umfasst die Offenbarung der vorliegenden Erfindung sämtliche Kombinationen sämtlicher vorgestellter Einzelmerkmale.Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to this embodiment, but rather modifications are possible in the manner that individual features omitted or different combinations of features can be realized without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In particular, the disclosure of the present invention includes all combinations of all presented individual features.

Claims (4)

  1. A method for coating a component, in which the coating material in powder form (8) is applied to the component (1) to be coated by means of cold gas spraying, characterized in that
    - the surface of the component (1) is roughened before deposition of the coating material,
    - the coating (2) is deposited in layers,
    - then a surface heat treatment is carried out, in which the deposited coating material is melted,
    wherein
    - the surface heat treatment is carried out after deposition of each layer or one or more times between the deposition of successive layers,
    - areas of the component (1) near the surface are also melted, and
    - the core of the component (1) is neither melted nor heated to a temperature range which approaches the surface temperature but instead is lower than 70% of the surface temperature.
  2. The method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the surface heat treatment takes place through the cold gas spray device (4) itself by heating the carrier gas, by means of a gas burner, a laser or induction heating.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the core of the component (1) is at less than 50% of the surface temperature in the heat treatment of the surface.
  4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the surface of the component (1) is heated before the layer is deposited.
EP12724870.6A 2011-05-27 2012-05-10 Cold gas spray method with improved adhesion and reduced layer porosity Not-in-force EP2714963B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011102602A DE102011102602A1 (en) 2011-05-27 2011-05-27 Cold gas spraying process with improved adhesion and reduced layer porosity
PCT/DE2012/000490 WO2012163321A1 (en) 2011-05-27 2012-05-10 Cold gas spray method with improved adhesion and reduced layer porosity

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2714963A1 EP2714963A1 (en) 2014-04-09
EP2714963B1 true EP2714963B1 (en) 2017-08-09

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Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP2714963B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102011102602A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012163321A1 (en)

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EP3327168B1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2021-08-04 Tocalo Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing surface-modified member
CN108456879B (en) * 2018-01-23 2020-05-19 华中科技大学 Method for strengthening steel rail by efficient composite cladding of laser-auxiliary heat source

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CN111349932B (en) * 2020-04-18 2021-07-27 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 High-wear-resistance low-friction-coefficient alloy coating for laser cladding of surface of steel mill transmission roller and preparation method and system thereof

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WO2012163321A1 (en) 2012-12-06
DE102011102602A1 (en) 2012-11-29

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