EP2713441A1 - Übertragungsleitungsantenne für Funkfrequenzidentifikation - Google Patents

Übertragungsleitungsantenne für Funkfrequenzidentifikation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2713441A1
EP2713441A1 EP13185656.9A EP13185656A EP2713441A1 EP 2713441 A1 EP2713441 A1 EP 2713441A1 EP 13185656 A EP13185656 A EP 13185656A EP 2713441 A1 EP2713441 A1 EP 2713441A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conducting strip
transmission line
antenna
substrate
antenna according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13185656.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chang Ying Wu
Dan Yu
Yong Yuan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2713441A1 publication Critical patent/EP2713441A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency identification (RFID), and particularly, to a transmission line antenna for radio frequency identification.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a noncontact automatic identification technology commonly known as an electronic tag, which automatically identifies a target object and obtains related data through radio-frequency signals and comprises the following basic constituent parts:
  • one of the hotspots in the research of the RFID technology is the application of item-level tag identification, especially the application in retail industry and pharmaceutical industry, such as RFID-based smart shelves or conveying systems.
  • a user uses an RFID reader connected to a shelf or a conveying system to obtain information about cargo placed on the shelf or the conveying system.
  • NF UHF RFID Near field (NF) ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID technology is mainly applied in item-level tag identification scenarios, such as smart shelves or conveying systems, and so on.
  • a transmission line antenna mainly comprises three types: a microstrip transmission line antenna, a coplanar waveguide antenna and a grounded coplanar stripline antenna.
  • the transmission line antenna is positioned on the shelves, with the length of the transmission line antenna being able to be over 1 m and an article with a tag being usually positioned on the transmission line antenna.
  • the electric field of the transmission line antenna begins to have several very deep nulls at about 10 cm above the transmission line antenna, which has a strong impact on the reading performance.
  • Two types of existing microstrip transmission line antenna structures are provided below.
  • Fig. 1 shows a microstrip transmission line antenna.
  • the antenna comprises a substrate 101, a ground plane 102, a conducting strip 103, a feeder 104 and a matched load 105.
  • XYZ coordinate axes form a three dimensional coordinate system;
  • the ground plane 102 located below the substrate 101, can be an electric conducting metal layer of the lower surface of the substrate 101;
  • the conducting strip 103 arranged on the substrate 101 and running across the substrate 101 along the direction of the X axis, can be an electric conducting metal layer of the upper surface of the substrate 101;
  • the substrate 101, the ground plane 102 and the conducting strip 103 constitute a microstrip transmission line; one end of the microstrip transmission line is connected to the feeder 104 in order to connect to the reader; and the other end of the microstrip transmission line is connected to the matched load 105, so that electromagnetic waves transmit in the form of travelling waves on the microstrip transmission line and have a very wide bandwidth and a very low far field gain.
  • the tag is located above the antenna (i.e. above the XZ-axis plane).
  • the microstrip transmission line antenna is applied in smart shelves, the microstrip transmission line antenna is flatwise located on the smart shelves, the length of the substrate 101 along the X axis can be the same as or be close to the length of the shelves along the X axis, and an article with a tag is positioned on the microstrip transmission line antenna.
  • the electric field of the microstrip transmission line antenna can cover the tag of the article; thus, the reader is able to read the information about the tag.
  • Fig. 1 shows a rectangular conducting strip 103 running across the substrate 101 in a straight line.
  • Fig. 2 shows another microstrip transmission line antenna, which comprises a substrate 201, a ground plane 202, a conducting strip 203, a feeder 204 and a matched load 205, is similar to the microstrip transmission line antenna shown in Fig. 1 , and the difference therebetween lies in the shape of the conducting strip 203.
  • the width of the conducting strip 203 is unchanged and is in the shape of twists and turns, running across the substrate 201 by the way of twists and turns along the X axis.
  • the RFID system currently requires a transmission line antenna that has a long enough effective reading distance (i.e. no null exists within the reading distance) to ensure the reading performance of the antenna.
  • a transmission line antenna in a radio frequency identification system is proposed in the present invention that can reduce field nulls to obtain a long enough reading distance.
  • the transmission line antenna in a radio frequency identification system proposed in the present invention comprises a substrate and a conducting strip, wherein said conducting strip is arranged on said substrate; said substrate and said conducting strip form a transmission line; and the width of said conducting strip gradually reduces from the middle area of the conducting strip to two sides, so as to reduce field nulls in an electric field radiated by the antenna, thereby improving the reading distance.
  • said antenna is symmetrical with respect to the middle area so that the field nulls can be further reduced and the size design of the antenna is also easier at the same time.
  • the transmission line antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention further comprises a feeder and a matched load; and one end of said transmission line is connected to said feeder and the other end thereof is connected to said matched load.
  • This antenna is suitable for independent use and can reduce field nulls and improve the reading distance.
  • the two ends of the abovementioned antenna comprise two ports for cascading connection to other antennas.
  • Such an antenna is suitable for the application scenario where a plurality of antennas are connected in a cascading manner and can reduce field nulls and improve the reading distance.
  • the transmission line antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention further comprises a ground plane; and said ground plane is located below said substrate and covers the entire substrate. Adopting the ground plane can completely prevent the downward radiation of electromagnetic waves of the antenna, thus making the upward radiation signals stronger.
  • said conducting strip is formed by splicing a plurality of conducting strip segments. Adopting such a solution, the field nulls can be reduced by designing the size of each conducting strip segment, thus making the reading distance large enough and the processing technology simple, and the size design of the conducting strip much easier.
  • said conducting strip is formed by splicing a plurality of conducting strip segments and the length and the width of the conducting strip segments in the middle position are the largest. Adopting such a solution, the processing technology is simple and the size design of the conducting strip much easier.
  • the adjacent borders of every two adjacent conducting strip segments are parallel. Adopting such a solution, the size design of the conducting strip segments would be easier and the placement manner would also be easier; therefore, it is easier to realize.
  • said conducting strip segment is a parallelogram. The size design of such conducting strip segments is relatively easy.
  • said conducting strip is an integral strip. Adopting such a solution, the transition of the width of the conducting strip is more smooth and therefore there is less reflection.
  • the transmission line antenna according to the embodiments of the present invention can be a microstrip transmission line antenna comprising any one of the abovementioned conducting strips or is a grounded coplanar stripline antenna comprising any two of the abovementioned conducting strips.
  • the characteristic impedances of the abovementioned conducting strip segments are the same. Adopting such a solution, a reflection current would not be produced among various conducting strip segments with the same characteristic impedance, thus a wider bandwidth can be obtained.
  • Adopting the transmission line antenna provided in the present invention in an application scenario of a radio frequency identification system, such as smart shelves or conveying systems, the field nulls of the electric field radiated by the transmission line antenna can be reduced so as to ensure a long enough reading distance.
  • Fig. 3 shows a grounded coplanar stripline antenna with a length of 80 cm, which comprises: a substrate 301, a ground plane 302 and two conducting strips 303, wherein the XYZ coordinate axes form a three dimensional coordinate system, the substrate 301, the ground plane 302 and two conducting strips 303 form a grounded coplanar stripline; one end of the grounded coplanar stripline is connected to the feeder so as to connect to the reader; the other end of the grounded coplanar stripline is connected to the matched load; and other constituent parts such as a feeder and a matched load that are not shown in Fig. 3 belong to the scope of the prior art and will not be described here. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the widths of the main bodies of the two conducting strips 303 remain unchanged.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution on the XY-axis plane of the coplanar stripline antenna shown in Fig. 3 that is obtained through a simulation experiment.
  • the radiation scope of the coplanar stripline antenna shown in Fig. 3 along the Y axis direction can reach 1.3 m; however, the electric field distribution of the coplanar stripline antenna is not uniform enough, several very deep field nulls emerge at 0.1 m above the substrate 301, and the reading distance can merely reach 0.1 m.
  • the present invention designs a transmission line antenna which can radiate a uniform electric field so as to reduce the field nulls shown in Fig. 4 and ensure a long enough reading distance.
  • the width of the conducting strip gradually reduces from the middle area to two sides so that the field nulls in an electric field radiated by the antenna are reduced, thereby improving the reading distance.
  • the width of the conducting strip gradually reduces from the middle area to two sides, the conducting strip can be taken as several segments and the width of the conducting strip segment in the middle area is the largest. It can be understood by a person skilled in the art that, under the circumstance of maintaining a certain characteristic impedance, with the width and length of the conducting strip increasing, more electric energy would be leaked out, enhancing the electric field radiated by the conducting strip. Thus, the conducting strip segment with the largest width has the strongest electric field intensity radiated out (i.e.
  • the amplitude of the radiated electromagnetic waves is the largest), while the electric field intensity radiated by each conducting strip segment distributed on two sides of the conducting strip segment with the largest width reduces with the decrease of the width of the conducting strip segment (i.e. the amplitude of the radiated electromagnetic waves reduces). That is to say, in the transmission line antenna structure proposed in the present invention, the electric field radiated by the conducting strip segment with the largest width is the strongest, while the electric field radiated by the conducting strip segments on two sides of this conducting strip segment is reduced gradually.
  • the amplitudes of electromagnetic waves produced by conducting strip segments with different widths differentiate a lot, when the electromagnetic waves are superimposed, the electromagnetic waves would not be totally offset, thereby reducing the field nulls in the electric field.
  • the transmission line antenna proposed in the present invention can further comprise a feeder and a matched load; and one end of the transmission line is connected to the feeder and the other end thereof is connected to the matched load.
  • Such an antenna is suitable for independent use and can reduce field nulls and improve the reading distance.
  • the transmission line antenna proposed in the present invention can further comprise two ports for cascading connection to the other antennas.
  • Such an antenna is suitable for the application scenario where a plurality of antennas are connected in a cascading manner and can reduce field nulls and improve the reading distance.
  • the transmission line antenna proposed in the present invention can further comprise a ground plane which is located below the substrate and covers the entire substrate. Adopting the ground plane can completely prevent the downward radiation of electromagnetic waves of the antenna, thus making the upward radiation signals stronger.
  • said conducting strip comprises a plurality of conducting strip segments, wherein the width of the conducting strip segment located in the middle area is the largest, and the width of each conducting strip segment from the middle area of said conducting strip segment to the two ends of said conducting strip is reduced gradually.
  • Adopting such a solution the field nulls in the electric field can be reduced or even eliminated, so as to obtain a large enough reading distance and make the processing technology simple and the size design of the conducting strip easier.
  • the characteristic impedances of these conducting strip segments can be the same and can also be different.
  • each conducting strip segment can have the same characteristic impedance; thus, the border parts (such as 5024) between every two adjacent conducting strip segments would not produce a reflection current.
  • the transmission line antenna proposed in the present invention comprises two types: a grounded coplanar stripline antenna and a microstrip transmission line antenna.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a grounded coplanar stripline antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows the XZ-axis plane of the grounded coplanar stripline antenna which comprises a substrate 501 and two conducting strips 502.
  • the size of the entire transmission line antenna is 932 mm x 120 mm x 21.5 mm.
  • Each conducting strip is divided into 20 segments.
  • the width of the middle conducting strip segment is 24.5 mm, and the separation distance between two middle conducting strip segments on two conducting strips is 45 mm.
  • the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is 200 ohm (i.e.
  • each conducting strip 502 is composed of twenty quadrangular conducting strip segments that are placed sequentially and have the same characteristic impedance, i.e.
  • each conducting strip segment is 200 ohm, wherein the width and length of the middle conducting strip segment 5021 are both the largest and the width from the middle conducting strip segment 5021 to each conducting strip segment 5022 or 5023 at either end reduces gradually.
  • each conducting strip segment can have the same characteristic impedance; thus, the border parts (such as 5024) between every two adjacent conducting strip segments will not produce a reflection current.
  • the quadrangular conducting strip segments here can be of various shapes like a parallelogram (e.g. rectangle and trapezoid), etc. Said width refers to the distance along the Z axis direction and said length refers to the distance along the X axis direction.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of coplanar stripline antennas shown in Fig. 5 that is obtained through a simulation experiment on the XY-axis plane.
  • the reading distance of the coplanar stripline antenna shown in Fig. 5 along the Y axis direction can reach above 70 cm, and the electric field distribution is uniform, and the field nulls do not emerge at 70 cm above the substrate 501.
  • designing the size of the middle conducting strip segment to make the width and length thereof large enough can enable the antenna to have a long enough reading distance, and even to reduce and even eliminate the field nulls in the electric field.
  • a certain size can be designed for each conducting strip segment in the transmission line antenna, and whether the antenna of the conducting strip segment having such size can reduce the field nulls can be judged through simulation experiments (such as through a simulation diagram similar to Fig. 6 ).
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of S11 performance of the coplanar stripline antenna shown in Fig. 5 .
  • S11 is one of the S parameters indicating the return loss characteristic, and the lost dB value and the impedance characteristic thereof are usually seen through a network analyzer.
  • This S11 parameter is used to evaluate the emission efficiency of the antenna, the larger its value, the larger the energy reflected back by the antenna itself and therefore the worse the efficiency of the antenna.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna can also reach 800 MHz-1000 MHz (exceeding the basic requirement of 200 MHz). This indicates that the bandwidth of the coplanar stripline antenna shown in Fig. 5 can totally meet the requirements.
  • the far field gain of the grounded coplanar stripline antenna shown in Fig. 5 is obtained through simulation, the largest far field gain thereof is just -5 dB.
  • a grounded coplanar stripline antenna is particularly suitable for the application scenario of near field, such as RFID-based smart shelves and conveying systems.
  • the grounded coplanar stripline antenna shown in Fig. 8 comprises a substrate 801 and two conducting strips 802. Other constituent parts not shown in Fig. 8 , such as a ground plane, a feeder and a matched load, belong to the prior art and will not be described here.
  • the antenna structure shown in Fig. 8 differs from the antenna structure shown in Fig.
  • these two conducting strips 802 are not formed by a plurality of quadrangular conducting strip segments, but by two integral conducting strips with gradually changing widths and smooth edges, wherein the width of the middle part of each conducting strip 802 is the largest, and the width from the middle part to the part at either end 8021 or 8022 reduces gradually.
  • each conducting strip 802 can be divided into several parts with the same characteristic impedances, and the electric field intensity radiated from the middle part to the part at either end 8021 or 8022 is reduced gradually; thus, the field nulls in the electric field can be reduced so as to obtain a relatively uniform electric field distribution.
  • said width refers to the width along the Z axis direction and said length refers to the length along the X axis direction.
  • the conducting strip segments can be of various shapes, preferably, quadrangle, such as parallelogram like rectangle and trapezoid, etc.
  • quadrangle such as parallelogram like rectangle and trapezoid, etc.
  • the adjacent borders of every two adjacent conducting strip segments are parallel. Adopting such a solution, the size design of the conducting strip segment would be easier and the placement manner would also be easier; therefore, it is easy to realize.
  • the abovementioned conducting strip can be formed by splicing a plurality of conducting strip segments (such as by splicing a plurality of electric conducting metal sheets), and can also be an integral conducting strip without segments (such as an integral conducting strip metal sheet).
  • the edge of this integral conducting strip can be a smooth curve and can also be a non-smooth fold line. Adopting such a solution, the transition of the conducting strip width is more smooth and therefore there is less reflection.
  • the conducting strip can be of a symmetrical shape and can also be of a non-symmetrical shape, and that the conducting strip is of a symmetrical shape means that the conducting strip is of an axisymmetric shape.
  • the conducting strip is of a symmetrical shape using the straight line as the symmetry axis; or making a straight line along the X axis direction at the midpoint along the length of the Z axis direction of the conducting strip, the conducting strip is of a symmetrical shape using the straight line as the symmetry axis.
  • the microstrip transmission line antenna comprises a substrate 901 and a conducting strip 902.
  • Fig. 9 does not show other constituent parts, such as a ground plane, a feeder and a matched load, and these components and the connection relationship thereof can both be easily learned by a person skilled in the art according to the prior art, and will not be described here.
  • the microstrip transmission line antenna shown in Fig. 9 differs from the microstrip transmission line antenna shown in Fig. 1 in the structure of the conducting strip. As shown in Fig.
  • the conducting strip 902 is composed of several rectangular conducting strip segments, wherein the width and length of the middle conducting strip segment 9021 are both the largest and the width from the middle conducting strip segment 9021 to each conducting strip segment at either end 9022 or 9023 reduces gradually.
  • a uniformly distributed radiation electric field can be obtained by designing the size of each conducting strip segment.
  • designing the size of the middle conducting strip segment 9021 to make the width and length thereof large enough can enable the antenna to have a long enough effective reading distance.
  • the shape of the conducting strip segment is not limited to a rectangle, and can also be various quadrangles such as trapezoid and parallelogram, and so on. Said width refers to the width along the Z axis direction and said length refers to the length along the X axis direction.
  • an embodiment of another microstrip transmission line antenna is also proposed in the present invention.
  • the antenna structure of this embodiment differs from the antenna structure shown in Fig. 9 in that the conducting strip is not formed by a plurality of conducting strip segments, but by an integral conducting strip with gradually changing widths and smooth edges, wherein the middle part width of the conducting strip is the largest (i.e. the wide part), and the width from the middle part to the part at either end of the conducting strip reduces gradually.
  • the conducting strip can be divided into several parts with the same characteristic impedance, and the electric field intensity radiated from the middle part to the part at either end reduces gradually; thus, the field nulls can be reduced.

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EP13185656.9A 2012-09-28 2013-09-24 Übertragungsleitungsantenne für Funkfrequenzidentifikation Withdrawn EP2713441A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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CN201210371297.3A CN103715496B (zh) 2012-09-28 2012-09-28 用于射频识别中的传输线天线

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017182077A1 (en) * 2016-04-21 2017-10-26 Autoliv Development Ab A leaky-wave slotted microstrip antenna
KR20180028236A (ko) * 2016-09-08 2018-03-16 경상대학교산학협력단 근거리 마이크로스트립 안테나
WO2018220407A1 (en) * 2017-06-02 2018-12-06 Smart Antenna Technologies Ltd Reconfigurable half-width leaky-wave antenna

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US20090085746A1 (en) * 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Signal line structure for a radio-frequency identification system
US20100060457A1 (en) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-11 Wistron Neweb Corporation Elongated twin feed line rfid antenna with distributed radiation perturbations

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US6914562B2 (en) * 2003-04-10 2005-07-05 Avery Dennison Corporation RFID tag using a surface insensitive antenna structure
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7708089A (nl) * 1976-07-21 1978-01-24 Licentia Gmbh Microgolf-richtantenne.
US20090085746A1 (en) * 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Signal line structure for a radio-frequency identification system
US20100060457A1 (en) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-11 Wistron Neweb Corporation Elongated twin feed line rfid antenna with distributed radiation perturbations

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Title
LOUIS SAAD: "Eine Streifenleitungs-Richtantenne für den Frequenzbereich 2 bis 40 GHz", WISSENSCH. BER. AEG-TELEFUNKEN,, vol. 51, no. 2/3, October 1978 (1978-10-01), pages 167 - 176, XP001383588 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017182077A1 (en) * 2016-04-21 2017-10-26 Autoliv Development Ab A leaky-wave slotted microstrip antenna
US10897088B2 (en) 2016-04-21 2021-01-19 Veoneer Sweden Ab Leaky-wave slotted microstrip antenna
KR20180028236A (ko) * 2016-09-08 2018-03-16 경상대학교산학협력단 근거리 마이크로스트립 안테나
WO2018220407A1 (en) * 2017-06-02 2018-12-06 Smart Antenna Technologies Ltd Reconfigurable half-width leaky-wave antenna

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