EP2711262A1 - High voltage coupler - Google Patents
High voltage coupler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2711262A1 EP2711262A1 EP13183810.4A EP13183810A EP2711262A1 EP 2711262 A1 EP2711262 A1 EP 2711262A1 EP 13183810 A EP13183810 A EP 13183810A EP 2711262 A1 EP2711262 A1 EP 2711262A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coupler
- housing
- lid
- contact element
- optionally
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/40—Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G5/00—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for
- B61G5/06—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for for, or combined with, couplings or connectors for fluid conduits or electric cables
- B61G5/10—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for for, or combined with, couplings or connectors for fluid conduits or electric cables for electric cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/44—Means for preventing access to live contacts
- H01R13/447—Shutter or cover plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/514—Bases; Cases composed as a modular blocks or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
- H01R13/5213—Covers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/53—Bases or cases for heavy duty; Bases or cases for high voltage with means for preventing corona or arcing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/648—Protective earth or shield arrangements on coupling devices, e.g. anti-static shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/28—Contacts for sliding cooperation with identically-shaped contact, e.g. for hermaphroditic coupling devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
- H01R2201/26—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high voltage coupler, and more particularly but not exclusively to a high voltage rolling stock coupler.
- Electrically powered train sets are typically equipped with roof mounted pantographs for taking electrical current at high voltage (for instance 15-50kV) from an overhead contact wire.
- the overhead contact wire may be suspended from a further catenary wire (so named because it typically approximates the natural curve of a wire between each pair of mounting points).
- This current is carried, via a circuit breaker and down-lead, to a high voltage transformer which transforms the voltage, reducing it to a lower voltage suitable for the power, control and auxiliary systems of the train.
- High speed passenger train sets comprising multiple coaches, typically have two such pantographs, separated by several coaches (without pantographs).
- a train set may therefore comprise two pantographs, two circuit breakers and two power transformers.
- This coupling may comprise an unscreened helical cable, for example those supplied by Tyco Electronics Ltd or Leoni GmbH, or a screened flexible HV conduit as made by Alphatechnik of Switzerland (www.alpha-et.ch).
- unscreened couplings are used the roof line connections are always made at roof level.
- Flexible conduit couplings may use, at each end, a modified version of the screened connectors which are in large scale use on utility electrical distribution systems and which are described by standards EN 50180 and EN 50181.
- a screened coupling system may be used either at roof level or at a lower conventional coupling level as there are fewer safety concerns.
- Passenger trains are often supplied in subsets comprising a plurality of coaches, which may be connected together for combined operation from a front cab.
- a subset may comprise four coaches, a pantograph, transformer and cab. Two of such subsets may be coupled together to form an eight coach set, or three could be coupled to form a twelve coach set.
- Automatic couplers may be used between the units (for example a Dellner coupler), with automatic coupling arrangements for low voltage electrical and pneumatic systems. These couplings enable the whole assembled train to be controlled from the front cab of a single subset.
- main power to each of the individual coach subsets is independent and still has to come from the pantographs and transformers of these each subset. This limits the speed that such trains can run to up to around 160 km/hr, because of the potential for intermittent loss of power to some coach subsets at higher speeds due to contact wire oscillation.
- High voltage train subset connection systems typically comprise an electrically stressed interface seal of a special grease, applied between two sliding surfaces.
- the sliding surfaces may be rubber to rubber, rubber to metal, or rubber to resin.
- the contact interface has to be made in clean conditions, and the grease has to be replenished or replaced every time the interface is opened and resealed.
- a high voltage electrical coupler comprising a contact element and a housing, wherein: the contact element is securable to an end of an elongate electrical conductor, and engageable with a corresponding contact element of a corresponding coupler to make an electrical connection; and the housing is securable to the elongate conductor to house the contact element secured thereto, and is engageable with the housing of the corresponding coupler to form an airtight volume around the engaged contact elements for insulating the electrical connection with pressurised gas.
- the housing may have a circular cross section defining a body axis.
- the housing may have a first substantially axial opening for accepting the elongate electrical conductor and a second substantially axial opening for accepting the contacting element of the corresponding coupler.
- the housing may have a substantially cylindrical region adjacent to the second axial opening, and a tapering region adjacent to the first axial opening.
- the housing may be securable to the elongate conductor by a settable material, to form an airtight seal therebetween.
- the coupler may further comprise a settable material for securing the housing to the elongate conductor, for example an epoxy resin.
- the housing may be secured to the conductor by a hardened settable material, the hardened settable material further providing mechanical support for a region of the elongate electrical conductor within the housing.
- the coupler may further comprise an electrically insulating support tube for supporting a region of the elongate electrical conductor within the housing.
- the housing may comprise a fluid coupling to allow the introduction of a gas into the airtight volume for pressurising the coupling with the gas, in use.
- the fluid coupling may be arranged so that gas may be flowed through the housing via the coupling to purge contaminants from the housing.
- the coupler may further comprise a pressure sensor for monitoring a gas pressure within the housing.
- the housing may comprise a resilient sealing element for sealing engagement with the corresponding coupler.
- the housing may comprise a flange which carries the resilient sealing element.
- the housing may be adapted to be engageable with a substantially identical corresponding housing.
- the housing may be adapted to contain gas, in use, at a pressure of at least 0.3 MPa (3 bar).
- the housing may be adapted to contain gas at up to 1 MPa (10 bar).
- the housing may be adapted to, in use, safely insulate a nominal voltage of 25kV.
- the coupler may further comprise a lid which is engageable with the housing in a closed position to form a substantially sealed volume around the contact element.
- the lid may be pivotally attached to the housing.
- the lid may be pivotally moveable between the closed position and an open position in which the lid does not obstruct the engagement of the housing with the corresponding coupler.
- the lid may be arranged to engage with a lid of an engaged corresponding coupler in the open position, thereby forming a substantially sealed volume that protects the interior surface of both of the lids from contamination.
- the lid may be substantially dome shaped.
- the lid may have a contact engaging member that corresponds with the contact element, and cooperates therewith when the lid is in the closed position.
- the lid may be arranged, in use, to electrically connect the elongate conductor to the housing when the lid is in the closed position.
- the contact engaging member of the lid may be arranged, when the lid is in the open position, to cooperate with a contact engaging member of the lid of a substantially identical engaged coupler.
- the contact element may comprise a shear bolt connector for mechanically and electrically clamping the contact element to the elongate conductor.
- the contact element may be arranged to engage with an identical corresponding contact element.
- the contact element may comprise a hermaphroditic arrangement of protrusions and recesses.
- an elongate conductor comprising the coupler according to the first aspect of the invention.
- rolling stock comprising a coupler according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the rolling stock may comprise a plurality of coach subsets and the coupler of any of claims 1 to 30, wherein: each coach subset may have a pantograph, and the coupler may be arranged to provide a high voltage interconnection between coach subsets.
- a housing of the coupler according to the first aspect of the invention is provided.
- Figure 1 shows an elongate electrical conductor 7 with a high voltage coupler 10 secured around its end.
- the coupler 10 comprises a housing 1 with a lid 8, and an electrical contact element 3 which is secured to the end of the elongate electrical conductor 7.
- the elongate electrical conductor 7 is a conventional 25kV screened high voltage electrical cable, with a stranded copper core.
- the stranded copper core of the elongate electrical conductor 7 is sealed against the ingress of fluid (such as compressed air), thereby preventing it from providing a conduit for conveying the fluid along the elongate conductor 7, which may result in problems.
- fluid such as compressed air
- a nominal voltage of 25kV relates to the root mean square voltage of an alternating current supply, which may for instance have a nominal frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz.
- the coupler may be designed for a 50kV nominal voltage.
- the contact element 3 is electrically conducting.
- the housing 1 comprises an electrically conducting material, such as aluminium alloy, and has a circular cross section and a first and second axial opening.
- the first axial opening is dimensioned to receive the elongate conductor 7 and is at the narrow end of a substantially conical tapering portion 16 of the housing 1.
- Adjacent to the tapering region 16 is a substantially cylindrical portion 15, the second axial opening being defined by the flanged open end of this cylindrical portion 15.
- the housing 1 has relatively thin walls, and the cylindrical portion 15 thereby has a substantially cylindrical internal volume that houses a portion of the elongate conductor 7 that protrudes from the first axial opening into the interior of the housing 1.
- the cylindrical interior volume of the housing 1 of the present embodiment has an internal diameter of approximately 100mm, and a length of approximately 200mm.
- the housing 1 is dimensioned to insulate the 25kV conductor 7 using dry air at a pressure of approximately 0.3 MPa (3 bar). Dry air may consist of air with a dew point that is lower than 0°C. In other embodiments, for example where space is limited, the housing 1 may have smaller dimensions and operate with an increased pressure such as 1 MPa (10 bar), or with reduced voltages. In the context of an electrical link between coaches, 1 MPa (10 bar) may represent an upper limit of the train pneumatic supply.
- the portion of the elongate conductor 7 within the housing is stripped of its jacket, metal screen and conductive rubber screen.
- a suitable system of electrical stress control (such as a stress cone or non linear stress control system) is arranged to control the electrical field at the end of the earthed screen.
- the housing 1 is electrically connected to the metal screen and is thereby earthed.
- the elongate conductor 7 is secured to the housing 1 by an epoxy potting/sealing element 13 that substantially fills the interior volume of the tapering region 16 of the housing 1 around the conductor 7, thereby sealing the interface between the conductor 7 and first axial opening, and preventing fluid from penetrating the stranded cable screen under the outer cable jacket.
- a non-conducting support tube 6 is arranged around the protruding portion of the conductor 7 to assist in supporting the conductor 7 and the contact element 3 secured thereto co-incident with the axis of the housing 1.
- the support tube 6 may, for example, comprise a glass fibre reinforced polymer, and may be bonded the elongate conductor 7, thereby preventing fluid ingress into the conductor 7 in the case that the elongate conductor 7 comprises a plurality of strands.
- the housing 1 further comprises a fluid coupling 12 and a pressure sensor 11, disposed through the wall of the tapering region 16 and communicating with the interior volume of the cylindrical portion 15..
- the fluid coupling 12 allows pressurised gas to be introduced to the interior volume, and the pressure sensor 11 outputs a signal in response to a fluid pressure within the interior volume so that the pressure may be monitored.
- the fluid coupling 12 and pressure sensor 11 are disposed in a region of the tapering potion 16 of the housing 1 that has low electrical stress.
- the fluid coupling 12 is further arranged to allow compressed gas to be flowed through the housing 1 to remove dust and other contaminants from the interior volume.
- fluid coupling 12 and pressure sensor 11 are depicted in this embodiment as being disposed through the epoxy potting/sealing element 13, this is not essential and this may not be the area with lowest electrical stress.
- the fluid coupling 12 and/or pressure sensor 11 may alternatively be located in a clear region of the housing, facing into clear air, which may be advantageous for removing dust and other contaminants.
- the flanged open end of the housing 1 has a circular groove, concentric with the second opening, within which is retained a captive resilient sealing element 2.
- a lid 8 is pivotally attached to the housing by a hinge 9 and is thereby pivotally moveable between a closed position in which it closes the second opening of the housing 1, and an open position in which the opening is not obstructed by the lid 8.
- the hinge 9 is adjacent to the flanged opening with the pivot axis on the plane of the opening, and offset from a diameter of the housing 1 so that the hinges 9 of engaged couplers 10 do not interfere with each other.
- the closed and open positions of the lid 8 are 180 degrees apart.
- the lid 8 may comprise a position sensor to monitor the position of the lid 8.
- the lid 8 is provided with a resilient lid sealing element 19 that cooperates, in the closed position, with the housing sealing element 2 to substantially seal the interior volume of the housing 1 when the lid 8 is in the closed position.
- the lid 8 has a domed shape, so that it can accommodate the contact element 3 which projects slightly beyond the plane of the second opening of the housing.
- the interior face of the lid 8 is provided with a contact engaging member 22 for supporting the contact element 3 when the lid 8 is in the closed position.
- the contact engaging member 22 may have an external profile that corresponds with that of the contact element 3 so that it inter-engages therewith in the closed position.
- the contact engaging member 22 comprises an electrically conducting material so that the elongate conductor core 7 is earthed by the housing 1 with the lid 8 in the closed position.
- the lid 8 may further comprise an actuator 14 for moving it between open and closed positions.
- FIG. 2 shows the end of the electrical conductor 7 more clearly.
- the contact element 3 has a first end which is electrically and mechanically engaged with the end of the core of the conductor 7 a second end with an electrical contact 4 for cooperating with an identical corresponding contact element 3.
- the contact element 3 comprises a plurality of shear bolts 18 that are tightened to engage the contact element with the conductor core.
- the contact element electrical contact 4 is hermaphroditic, having a protrusion and corresponding recess for receiving the substantially identical protrusion of a corresponding contact element 3. There may be a plurality of such protruding features (with corresponding recesses to accommodate those of the cooperating contact element).
- each contact element 3 there is an axial protrusion with a semi-circular section extending from the front of the contact element 3, and an adjacent void for receiving the co-operating protrusion of the corresponding contact element 3.
- the external profile of the contact element 3 is arranged so that co-operating contact elements 3 have a substantially cylindrical external profile for reducing electrical stresses in the region of the contact element 3.
- the contact element 3 is positioned in the coupler 10 so that it will electrically engage the contact element 3 of a corresponding coupler 10 when the two couplers are engaged, as will be more fully explained below.
- the contact element 3 may, for example, comprise silver plated copper.
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a pair of engaged identical couplers 20.
- the flanges of each housing 1 are butted together, and the sealing elements 2 are in cooperation to seal the combined internal volume of the engaged couplers 20.
- the seal elements 19 of the lids 8 of the engaged couplers 20 are similarly engaged to seal the interior of the lids 8 from contamination.
- the contact engaging members 22 of the lids 8 cooperate with each other with the lids 8 in the open position.
- the lids 8 may be constrained by their hinges to a maximum opening angle of 180 degrees, or a clamping mechanism may be provided to ensure that the lids 8 of the engaged couplers 20 cooperate to sealingly engage in the open position.
- the coupler described hereinbefore eliminates the problematic interfacial seals of prior art high voltage couplers, and is suitable for being coupled in an automatic fashion, and for being repeatedly coupled and re-coupled thousands of times.
- the coupler described hereinbefore is both economic and safe, being based on a proven method of insulating high voltages with compressed gas.
- the coupler is suitable for coupling high voltage electrical power between rolling stock, for instance between coach subsets as described hereinbefore.
- the coupler may be mounted on an automatic coach coupling with a similar amount of longitudinal and lateral compliance to existing low voltage couplers so that, as the automatic coach coupling mechanically engages, an embodiment of the high voltage coupler mechanically engages and seals and the air pressure builds up to the minimum functioning level (for instance 0.3 MPa or 3 bar). When the pressure within the housing is at the minimum functioning level, the conductor may safely be made live.
- Sensors on the coupler may be connected to a control system, for instance to monitor the pressure, lid position and engagement of the coupler.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be used to enable trains comprising multiple coach subsets to overcome the speed limitations imposed by the lack of power coupling between their independent pantographs.
- coupler One specific application of the coupler has been described above relating to interconnecting high voltage power supplies between rolling stock. The present applicant has appreciated the particular suitability of such a coupler in this situation in view of the pneumatic system already in place. However, it will of course be appreciated that other applications are possible, so that the coupler is not limited to interconnecting high voltage power supplies between rolling stock.
- Example embodiments have been described in which the coupler is pressurised with dry air, but other gases may be used, such as nitrogen. In other embodiments the coupler may be designed to insulate up to 15kV, rather than 25kV.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a high voltage coupler, and more particularly but not exclusively to a high voltage rolling stock coupler.
- Electrically powered train sets are typically equipped with roof mounted pantographs for taking electrical current at high voltage (for instance 15-50kV) from an overhead contact wire. The overhead contact wire may be suspended from a further catenary wire (so named because it typically approximates the natural curve of a wire between each pair of mounting points). This current is carried, via a circuit breaker and down-lead, to a high voltage transformer which transforms the voltage, reducing it to a lower voltage suitable for the power, control and auxiliary systems of the train.
- High speed passenger train sets, comprising multiple coaches, typically have two such pantographs, separated by several coaches (without pantographs). A train set may therefore comprise two pantographs, two circuit breakers and two power transformers.
- When a train is travelling at high speed (for example, over 180 km/hr), the pressure of the pantograph on the contact wire may result in oscillation of the contact wire that makes it difficult for a closely following pantograph (such as the second pantograph of a train set) to follow the movements without intermittently breaking contact. As a result, it is known to have a high voltage (for example 25kV) roof line cable that couples each of the two pantographs to both of the transformers. This roof line requires high voltage jumpers for connecting the cable from coach to coach, and to accommodate movement between the coaches due to track curves and gradients.
- This coupling may comprise an unscreened helical cable, for example those supplied by Tyco Electronics Ltd or Leoni GmbH, or a screened flexible HV conduit as made by Alpha Technik of Switzerland (www.alpha-et.ch). For reasons of safety where unscreened couplings are used the roof line connections are always made at roof level. Flexible conduit couplings may use, at each end, a modified version of the screened connectors which are in large scale use on utility electrical distribution systems and which are described by standards EN 50180 and EN 50181. A screened coupling system may be used either at roof level or at a lower conventional coupling level as there are fewer safety concerns.
- Passenger trains are often supplied in subsets comprising a plurality of coaches, which may be connected together for combined operation from a front cab. For example, a subset may comprise four coaches, a pantograph, transformer and cab. Two of such subsets may be coupled together to form an eight coach set, or three could be coupled to form a twelve coach set. Automatic couplers may be used between the units (for example a Dellner coupler), with automatic coupling arrangements for low voltage electrical and pneumatic systems. These couplings enable the whole assembled train to be controlled from the front cab of a single subset. However, main power to each of the individual coach subsets is independent and still has to come from the pantographs and transformers of these each subset. This limits the speed that such trains can run to up to around 160 km/hr, because of the potential for intermittent loss of power to some coach subsets at higher speeds due to contact wire oscillation.
- It would be desirable to couple the high voltage electrical power supply from one coach subset to the next, in the same way that the present low voltage and pneumatic supplies are connected. Although systems exist for coupling train subsets to form a semi-permanent train set, these systems are only suitable for occasional coupling and decoupling in controlled, clean conditions in a maintenance shed. High voltage train subset connection systems typically comprise an electrically stressed interface seal of a special grease, applied between two sliding surfaces. The sliding surfaces may be rubber to rubber, rubber to metal, or rubber to resin. The contact interface has to be made in clean conditions, and the grease has to be replenished or replaced every time the interface is opened and resealed.
- It is an desirable to provide a high voltage coupler that overcomes at least some of the foregoing problems.
- According to the present invention, there is provided a high voltage electrical coupler, comprising a contact element and a housing, wherein: the contact element is securable to an end of an elongate electrical conductor, and engageable with a corresponding contact element of a corresponding coupler to make an electrical connection; and the housing is securable to the elongate conductor to house the contact element secured thereto, and is engageable with the housing of the corresponding coupler to form an airtight volume around the engaged contact elements for insulating the electrical connection with pressurised gas.
- The housing may have a circular cross section defining a body axis.
- The housing may have a first substantially axial opening for accepting the elongate electrical conductor and a second substantially axial opening for accepting the contacting element of the corresponding coupler.
- The housing may have a substantially cylindrical region adjacent to the second axial opening, and a tapering region adjacent to the first axial opening.
- The housing may be securable to the elongate conductor by a settable material, to form an airtight seal therebetween.
- The coupler may further comprise a settable material for securing the housing to the elongate conductor, for example an epoxy resin.
- The housing may be secured to the conductor by a hardened settable material, the hardened settable material further providing mechanical support for a region of the elongate electrical conductor within the housing.
- The coupler may further comprise an electrically insulating support tube for supporting a region of the elongate electrical conductor within the housing.
- The housing may comprise a fluid coupling to allow the introduction of a gas into the airtight volume for pressurising the coupling with the gas, in use.
- The fluid coupling may be arranged so that gas may be flowed through the housing via the coupling to purge contaminants from the housing.
- The coupler may further comprise a pressure sensor for monitoring a gas pressure within the housing.
- The housing may comprise a resilient sealing element for sealing engagement with the corresponding coupler.
- The housing may comprise a flange which carries the resilient sealing element.
- The housing may be adapted to be engageable with a substantially identical corresponding housing.
- The housing may be adapted to contain gas, in use, at a pressure of at least 0.3 MPa (3 bar). The housing may be adapted to contain gas at up to 1 MPa (10 bar).
- The housing may be adapted to, in use, safely insulate a nominal voltage of 25kV.
- The coupler may further comprise a lid which is engageable with the housing in a closed position to form a substantially sealed volume around the contact element.
- The lid may be pivotally attached to the housing.
- The lid may be pivotally moveable between the closed position and an open position in which the lid does not obstruct the engagement of the housing with the corresponding coupler.
- The lid may be arranged to engage with a lid of an engaged corresponding coupler in the open position, thereby forming a substantially sealed volume that protects the interior surface of both of the lids from contamination.
- The lid may be substantially dome shaped.
- The lid may have a contact engaging member that corresponds with the contact element, and cooperates therewith when the lid is in the closed position.
- The lid may be arranged, in use, to electrically connect the elongate conductor to the housing when the lid is in the closed position.
- The contact engaging member of the lid may be arranged, when the lid is in the open position, to cooperate with a contact engaging member of the lid of a substantially identical engaged coupler.
- The contact element may comprise a shear bolt connector for mechanically and electrically clamping the contact element to the elongate conductor.
- The contact element may be arranged to engage with an identical corresponding contact element.
- The contact element may comprise a hermaphroditic arrangement of protrusions and recesses.
- According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an elongate conductor comprising the coupler according to the first aspect of the invention.
- According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided rolling stock, comprising a coupler according to the first aspect of the invention.
- The rolling stock may comprise a plurality of coach subsets and the coupler of any of
claims 1 to 30, wherein: each coach subset may have a pantograph, and the coupler may be arranged to provide a high voltage interconnection between coach subsets. - According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a housing of the coupler according to the first aspect of the invention.
- The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the invention; -
Figure 2 is a detail sectional view of an embodiment of the invention; and -
Figure 3 is a sectional view showing an embodiment with a lid in both closed position, and a further view of an engaged pair of couplers. -
Figure 1 shows an elongateelectrical conductor 7 with ahigh voltage coupler 10 secured around its end. Thecoupler 10 comprises ahousing 1 with alid 8, and an electrical contact element 3 which is secured to the end of the elongateelectrical conductor 7. - The elongate
electrical conductor 7 is a conventional 25kV screened high voltage electrical cable, with a stranded copper core. The stranded copper core of the elongateelectrical conductor 7 is sealed against the ingress of fluid (such as compressed air), thereby preventing it from providing a conduit for conveying the fluid along theelongate conductor 7, which may result in problems. It will be appreciated that a component that is said to be suitable for use with a nominal voltage of 25kV will, in practise may be suitable for higher voltages, since a nominal 25kV may actually be closer to 30kV near to a substation. Similarly, it will be appreciated that a nominal voltage of 25kV relates to the root mean square voltage of an alternating current supply, which may for instance have a nominal frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz. In other embodiments, the coupler may be designed for a 50kV nominal voltage. - The contact element 3 is electrically conducting. The
housing 1 comprises an electrically conducting material, such as aluminium alloy, and has a circular cross section and a first and second axial opening. The first axial opening is dimensioned to receive theelongate conductor 7 and is at the narrow end of a substantiallyconical tapering portion 16 of thehousing 1. Adjacent to the taperingregion 16 is a substantiallycylindrical portion 15, the second axial opening being defined by the flanged open end of thiscylindrical portion 15. Thehousing 1 has relatively thin walls, and thecylindrical portion 15 thereby has a substantially cylindrical internal volume that houses a portion of theelongate conductor 7 that protrudes from the first axial opening into the interior of thehousing 1. - The cylindrical interior volume of the
housing 1 of the present embodiment has an internal diameter of approximately 100mm, and a length of approximately 200mm. Thehousing 1 is dimensioned to insulate the25kV conductor 7 using dry air at a pressure of approximately 0.3 MPa (3 bar). Dry air may consist of air with a dew point that is lower than 0°C. In other embodiments, for example where space is limited, thehousing 1 may have smaller dimensions and operate with an increased pressure such as 1 MPa (10 bar), or with reduced voltages. In the context of an electrical link between coaches, 1 MPa (10 bar) may represent an upper limit of the train pneumatic supply. - The portion of the
elongate conductor 7 within the housing is stripped of its jacket, metal screen and conductive rubber screen. Within thehousing 1, a suitable system of electrical stress control (such as a stress cone or non linear stress control system) is arranged to control the electrical field at the end of the earthed screen. Thehousing 1 is electrically connected to the metal screen and is thereby earthed. - The
elongate conductor 7 is secured to thehousing 1 by an epoxy potting/sealingelement 13 that substantially fills the interior volume of the taperingregion 16 of thehousing 1 around theconductor 7, thereby sealing the interface between theconductor 7 and first axial opening, and preventing fluid from penetrating the stranded cable screen under the outer cable jacket. - A
non-conducting support tube 6 is arranged around the protruding portion of theconductor 7 to assist in supporting theconductor 7 and the contact element 3 secured thereto co-incident with the axis of thehousing 1. Thesupport tube 6 may, for example, comprise a glass fibre reinforced polymer, and may be bonded theelongate conductor 7, thereby preventing fluid ingress into theconductor 7 in the case that theelongate conductor 7 comprises a plurality of strands. - The
housing 1 further comprises afluid coupling 12 and apressure sensor 11, disposed through the wall of the taperingregion 16 and communicating with the interior volume of thecylindrical portion 15.. Thefluid coupling 12 allows pressurised gas to be introduced to the interior volume, and thepressure sensor 11 outputs a signal in response to a fluid pressure within the interior volume so that the pressure may be monitored. Thefluid coupling 12 andpressure sensor 11 are disposed in a region of the taperingpotion 16 of thehousing 1 that has low electrical stress. Thefluid coupling 12 is further arranged to allow compressed gas to be flowed through thehousing 1 to remove dust and other contaminants from the interior volume. Although thefluid coupling 12 andpressure sensor 11 are depicted in this embodiment as being disposed through the epoxy potting/sealingelement 13, this is not essential and this may not be the area with lowest electrical stress. Thefluid coupling 12 and/orpressure sensor 11 may alternatively be located in a clear region of the housing, facing into clear air, which may be advantageous for removing dust and other contaminants. - The flanged open end of the
housing 1 has a circular groove, concentric with the second opening, within which is retained a captiveresilient sealing element 2. Alid 8 is pivotally attached to the housing by ahinge 9 and is thereby pivotally moveable between a closed position in which it closes the second opening of thehousing 1, and an open position in which the opening is not obstructed by thelid 8. As can be seen more clearly inFigure 3 , thehinge 9 is adjacent to the flanged opening with the pivot axis on the plane of the opening, and offset from a diameter of thehousing 1 so that thehinges 9 of engagedcouplers 10 do not interfere with each other. The closed and open positions of thelid 8 are 180 degrees apart. Thelid 8 may comprise a position sensor to monitor the position of thelid 8. - As shown in
Figures 1 and2 , thelid 8 is provided with a resilientlid sealing element 19 that cooperates, in the closed position, with thehousing sealing element 2 to substantially seal the interior volume of thehousing 1 when thelid 8 is in the closed position. Thelid 8 has a domed shape, so that it can accommodate the contact element 3 which projects slightly beyond the plane of the second opening of the housing. The interior face of thelid 8 is provided with acontact engaging member 22 for supporting the contact element 3 when thelid 8 is in the closed position. Thecontact engaging member 22 may have an external profile that corresponds with that of the contact element 3 so that it inter-engages therewith in the closed position. Thecontact engaging member 22 comprises an electrically conducting material so that theelongate conductor core 7 is earthed by thehousing 1 with thelid 8 in the closed position. - As shown in
Figure 1 , thelid 8 may further comprise anactuator 14 for moving it between open and closed positions. -
Figure 2 shows the end of theelectrical conductor 7 more clearly. The contact element 3 has a first end which is electrically and mechanically engaged with the end of the core of the conductor 7 a second end with an electrical contact 4 for cooperating with an identical corresponding contact element 3. The contact element 3 comprises a plurality ofshear bolts 18 that are tightened to engage the contact element with the conductor core. The contact element electrical contact 4 is hermaphroditic, having a protrusion and corresponding recess for receiving the substantially identical protrusion of a corresponding contact element 3. There may be a plurality of such protruding features (with corresponding recesses to accommodate those of the cooperating contact element). In one embodiment, there is an axial protrusion with a semi-circular section extending from the front of the contact element 3, and an adjacent void for receiving the co-operating protrusion of the corresponding contact element 3. In other embodiments there may be plurality of inter-engaging features on each contact element 3, for example each contact element 3 may have two diagonally opposite axial protrusions with circular quadrant shaped sections. - The external profile of the contact element 3 is arranged so that co-operating contact elements 3 have a substantially cylindrical external profile for reducing electrical stresses in the region of the contact element 3.
- The contact element 3 is positioned in the
coupler 10 so that it will electrically engage the contact element 3 of a correspondingcoupler 10 when the two couplers are engaged, as will be more fully explained below. The contact element 3 may, for example, comprise silver plated copper. -
Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a pair of engagedidentical couplers 20. The flanges of eachhousing 1 are butted together, and thesealing elements 2 are in cooperation to seal the combined internal volume of the engagedcouplers 20. Theseal elements 19 of thelids 8 of the engagedcouplers 20 are similarly engaged to seal the interior of thelids 8 from contamination. Thecontact engaging members 22 of thelids 8 cooperate with each other with thelids 8 in the open position. Thelids 8 may be constrained by their hinges to a maximum opening angle of 180 degrees, or a clamping mechanism may be provided to ensure that thelids 8 of the engagedcouplers 20 cooperate to sealingly engage in the open position. - In use, dry compressed air is introduced into the interior volume of the
housing 1. As is well known, the electrical strength of air increases with increasing pressure over a large pressure range (according to Paschen's Law). The pressurised air insulates the conducting elements of the engagedcouplers 20. Furthermore, the sealed internal volume of thecouplers 20, both in the engaged position with thelids 8 open, and in the disengaged position with thelids 8 closed, ensures that the connection remains free from contamination. - The coupler described hereinbefore eliminates the problematic interfacial seals of prior art high voltage couplers, and is suitable for being coupled in an automatic fashion, and for being repeatedly coupled and re-coupled thousands of times. The coupler described hereinbefore is both economic and safe, being based on a proven method of insulating high voltages with compressed gas.
- The coupler is suitable for coupling high voltage electrical power between rolling stock, for instance between coach subsets as described hereinbefore. The coupler may be mounted on an automatic coach coupling with a similar amount of longitudinal and lateral compliance to existing low voltage couplers so that, as the automatic coach coupling mechanically engages, an embodiment of the high voltage coupler mechanically engages and seals and the air pressure builds up to the minimum functioning level (for instance 0.3 MPa or 3 bar). When the pressure within the housing is at the minimum functioning level, the conductor may safely be made live.
- Sensors on the coupler may be connected to a control system, for instance to monitor the pressure, lid position and engagement of the coupler.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be used to enable trains comprising multiple coach subsets to overcome the speed limitations imposed by the lack of power coupling between their independent pantographs.
- One specific application of the coupler has been described above relating to interconnecting high voltage power supplies between rolling stock. The present applicant has appreciated the particular suitability of such a coupler in this situation in view of the pneumatic system already in place. However, it will of course be appreciated that other applications are possible, so that the coupler is not limited to interconnecting high voltage power supplies between rolling stock.
- Example embodiments have been described in which the coupler is pressurised with dry air, but other gases may be used, such as nitrogen. In other embodiments the coupler may be designed to insulate up to 15kV, rather than 25kV.
- It will be appreciated that the description above refers to the use of a pressurised gas to provide electrical insulation around the electrical connection, but it is also feasible that an electrically insulating liquid could instead be used (with the term 'fluid' covering both gas and liquid).
- Whilst specific embodiments of the invention are described hereinbefore, it will be appreciated that a number of modifications and alterations may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
- A high voltage electrical coupler (10), comprising a contact element (3) and a housing (1), wherein:the contact element is securable to an end of an elongate electrical conductor (7), and engageable with a corresponding contact element of a corresponding coupler to make an electrical connection; andthe housing is securable to the elongate conductor to house the contact element secured thereto, and is engageable with the housing of the corresponding coupler to form an airtight volume around the engaged contact elements for insulating the electrical connection with pressurised gas.
- The coupler of claim 1, wherein the housing has a circular cross section defining a body axis and optionally the housing has a first substantially axial opening for accepting the elongate electrical conductor and a second substantially axial opening for accepting the contacting element of the corresponding coupler and optionally the housing has a substantially cylindrical region (15) adjacent to the second axial opening, and a tapering region (16) adjacent to the first axial opening.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, further comprising a settable material (13), optionally an epoxy resin, for securing the housing to the elongate conductor, the hardened settable material optionally providing mechanical support for a region of the elongate electrical conductor within the housing.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, further comprising an electrically insulating support tube (6) for supporting a region of the elongate electrical conductor within the housing.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, wherein the housing comprises a fluid coupling (12) to allow the introduction of a gas into the airtight volume for pressurising the coupling with the gas, in use, the fluid coupling optionally being arranged so that gas may be flowed through the housing via the coupling to purge contaminants from the housing.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, further comprising a pressure sensor (11) for monitoring a gas pressure within the housing.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, wherein the housing comprises a resilient sealing element (2) for sealing engagement with the corresponding coupler, and optionally a flange which when present carries the resilient sealing element.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, further comprising a lid (8) which is engageable with the housing in a closed position to form a substantially sealed volume around the contact element, he lid optionally being pivotally attached to the housing.
- The coupler of claim 8, wherein the lid is pivotally moveable between the closed position and an open position in which the lid does not obstruct the engagement of the housing with the corresponding coupler and optionally wherein the lid is arranged to engage with a lid of an engaged corresponding coupler in the open position, thereby forming a substantially sealed volume that protects the interior surface of both of the lids from contamination.
- The coupler of claim 8 or 9, wherein the lid has a contact engaging member (22) that corresponds with the contact element, and cooperates therewith when the lid is in the closed position and the lid is optionally arranged, in use, to electrically connect the elongate conductor to the housing when the lid is in the closed position.
- The coupler of claim 10, wherein the contact engaging member of the lid is arranged, when the lid is in the open position, to cooperate with a contact engaging member of the lid of a substantially identical engaged coupler.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, wherein the contact element comprises a shear bolt connector (18) for mechanically and electrically clamping the contact element to the elongate conductor.
- The coupler of any preceding claim, wherein the contact element is arranged to engage with an identical corresponding contact element , the contact element optionally comprising a hermaphroditic arrangement of protrusions and recesses.
- Rolling stock, comprising the coupler of any of claims 1 to 13.
- The rolling stock of claim 14, comprising a plurality of coach subsets and the coupler of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein: each coach subset has a pantograph, and the coupler is arranged to provide a high voltage interconnection between coach subsets.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1216913.2A GB2506149B (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | High voltage coupler |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2711262A1 true EP2711262A1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
Family
ID=47190414
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13183810.4A Withdrawn EP2711262A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2013-09-10 | High voltage coupler |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2711262A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2506149B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3575137A1 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-04 | General Electric Company | Power cable and system for delivering electrical power |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1394057A (en) * | 1918-05-04 | 1921-10-18 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Electric coupling device |
FR2142348A5 (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1973-01-26 | Mini Verkehrswesen | |
DE102005008212A1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-24 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | High voltage distributing device for e.g. railway vehicle, has active high voltage components, where external electrical insulation of one of component is completely realized and protected by one of solid insulation |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5816835A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-10-06 | Alden Products Company | Multi-sleeve high-voltage cable plug with vented seal |
US6623289B2 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2003-09-23 | Manny Silverio | Explosion-proof instrument quick disconnect and seal |
CN201904466U (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-07-20 | 深圳霸特尔防爆科技有限公司 | Anti-explosion straight-insert joint |
-
2012
- 2012-09-21 GB GB1216913.2A patent/GB2506149B/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-09-10 EP EP13183810.4A patent/EP2711262A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1394057A (en) * | 1918-05-04 | 1921-10-18 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Electric coupling device |
FR2142348A5 (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1973-01-26 | Mini Verkehrswesen | |
DE102005008212A1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-24 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | High voltage distributing device for e.g. railway vehicle, has active high voltage components, where external electrical insulation of one of component is completely realized and protected by one of solid insulation |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3575137A1 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-04 | General Electric Company | Power cable and system for delivering electrical power |
CN110556207A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-10 | 通用电气公司 | Power cable and system for transmitting power |
CN110556207B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-07-27 | 通用电气公司 | Power cable and system for transmitting power |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2506149A (en) | 2014-03-26 |
GB2506149B (en) | 2016-08-10 |
GB201216913D0 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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