EP2710659A1

EP2710659A1 - Battery production device and method for controlling a battery production device

Info

Publication number: EP2710659A1
Application number: EP11722738.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tim Schaefer
Original assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Current assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date: 2011-05-19
Filing date: 2011-05-19
Publication date: 2014-03-26
Also published as: KR20140024410A; JP2014519797A; WO2012155935A1; CN103548194A

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery production device, in particular a forming device (1), for forming electrochemical cells (4), comprising a production unit, in particular a receiving device (3) for receiving at least one electrochemical cell (4) and in particular multiple electrochemical cells (4), a power supply connection device (5), by means of which the battery production device can draw electric energy, which is preferably produced regeneratively, from a power supply (2), in particular a commercial grid, and can supply electric energy to the power supply, and comprising a feedback control device (7) for controlling at least part of the battery production. Said battery production device is characterised in that the feedback control device (7) is designed in such a way that the electric energy drawn from the power supply (2) and/or the electric energy supplied to the power supply (2) can be controlled depending on the availability of power in the power supply and/or depending on at least one parameter that characterises the state of the power supply (2) and/or depending on at least one parameter change that characterises the state of the power supply (2) and in particular depending on the availability of power in the power supply at any one time.

Description

Battery production device and method for controlling a

Battery production facility

Description

The present invention relates to a battery production device, in particular a forming device for forming electrochemical cells, and a method for controlling the battery production device and a corresponding battery and a method for further treatment steps for this battery and a system for energy transfer and / or energy distribution.

Regenerative energies, such as wind energy or solar energy, have the disadvantage of fluctuating power output. Depending on the weather conditions, wind turbines or solar power systems can deliver high power, while with a corresponding change in the weather conditions, the power output can drop to a very low value within a short time. Such fluctuations in the power supply of a power grid can lead to bottlenecks in the energy supply, especially for large consumers of electrical energy. In addition, supply shortages can lead to a temporary increase in energy procurement costs. Battery production facilities that require, for example, electrical energy for charging batteries must be adapted to the fluctuating range of services. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved battery production device, an improved method for controlling a battery production device, an improved battery and improved method for performing further processing steps on the battery. This object is achieved by a battery production device, in particular a forming device for forming electrochemical cells, comprising a production unit, in particular a receiving device for receiving at least one electrochemical cell, in particular for receiving a plurality of electrochemical cells, a power supply unit, by which the battery production device at least electrical energy , which is preferably produced regeneratively, can relate to a power grid, in particular a public power grid, and can deliver electrical energy to the power grid. It is a control device of the battery production device comprises, which serves to control at least parts of the battery production. The control device is designed such that the energy drawn from the power supply and / or the energy delivered to the power supply in dependence on the power supply in the power grid and / or in dependence of at least one characterizing the state of the power network parameter and / or at least one State of the power system characterizing parameter change in the power grid can be controlled. In particular, the range of services means the temporary service offer.

For the purposes of the present invention, a battery-producing device can be understood as any device which can be used in the production of electrochemical cells or battery arrangements containing at least one electrochemical cell. The production of an electrochemical cell or a battery assembly containing at least one electrochemical cell refers to the process of transfer of natural or pre-produced starting materials, optionally with the use of energy and other work equipment, to the completion of the electro chemical cells or the battery assembly containing at least one electrochemical cell as a finished product, which can be used as intended. An immediate production process takes place in the production unit. The other facilities, such as the control device or the power grid connection device are not directly involved in the process of production. As an integral part of battery production, the formation of electrochemical cell can be considered. The formation can serve to produce special surface layers on the electrodes of the electrochemical cells, whereby essential mechanical changes to the electrochemical cell are not necessarily to be made. The formation of electrochemical cells may involve multiple charging and discharging of the electrochemical cells. The receptacle for electrochemical cells to be formed in this case represents a possible production unit. For the purposes of the invention, an electrochemical cell means a device which also serves to store chemical energy and to deliver electrical energy. For this purpose, the electrochemical cell according to the invention can have at least one electrode stack or an electrode winding, which is largely separated from the envelope by means of an envelope in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner. Also, the electrochemical cell may be configured to receive electrical energy while charging. This is also referred to as a secondary cell or an accumulator.

According to the invention, a separator is preferably used which is not or only poorly electron-conducting, and which consists of an at least partially permeable carrier. The support is preferably coated on at least one side with an inorganic material. As at least partially permeable carrier, an organic material is preferably used, which is preferably designed as a nonwoven web. The organic material, which is preferably a Polymer and more preferably comprises a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is coated with an inorganic, preferably ion-conducting material, which is more preferably ion conducting in a temperature range of - 40 ° C to 200 ° C. The inorganic material preferably comprises at least one compound from the group of oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosilicates with at least one of the elements Zr, Al, Li, particularly preferably zirconium oxide. The inorganic, ion-conducting material preferably has particles with a largest diameter below 100 nm. Such a separator is marketed, for example, under the trade name "Separion" by Evonik AG in Germany.

Due to the fact that the control device can regulate the electrical energy supplied and / or the output depending on the power supply, the battery production device can be set to fluctuations in the power supply. It can be provided that with an increased power supply more electric power is obtained than with a low power supply. Furthermore, it can be provided that, given a high power supply, less power is output into the power grid or, in the case of a low power supply, more electric power is delivered to the power grid. A high power supply can be at mains under load, a low power supply can be present at network overload.

In the process of forming electrochemical cells, electrical energy is indeed drawn from an energy source, in particular a power grid or an energy storage device. Much of this energy is needed to charge the electrochemical cells. Consequently, with the exception of losses of any kind, this energy is not consumed, but only converted into chemical energy. At another point in time, the electrochemical cell to be formed is discharged again, so that electrical energy is made available. Due to the large number of electrochemical cells to be formed on an industrial scale, regulation of the battery production device can be carried out with regard to the power supplied or to be delivered contribute to the stabilization of electricity grids. In addition, cost advantages may arise from the use of favorable electricity procurement costs in case of grid under-use or high compensation amounts for power that is fed into the grid in the event of network overload. It has proved to be advantageous if the parameter characterizing the state of the power network has been selected from a parameter group comprising: voltage in the power grid at the power grid connection device, voltage in the power grid at a sensor, voltage in the power grid at a large consumer of electrical energy, Voltage in the electricity grid at a power generation plant, frequency in the electricity grid at the grid connection device, frequency in the power grid at a sensor, frequency in the power grid at a large consumer of electrical energy, frequency in the power grid at a power plant.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous if the parameter change characterizing the state of the power network has been selected from a parameter change group comprising: voltage change in the power grid at the power grid connection device, voltage change in the power grid at a sensor, voltage change in the power grid at a large consumer of electrical energy , Voltage change in the power grid at a power generation plant, frequency change in the power grid at the power grid connection device, frequency change in the power grid at a sensor, frequency change in the power grid at a large consumer of electrical energy, frequency change in the power grid at a power plant.

Preferably, the control device and / or the Stromnetzanbindungs- device adapted to a reference of partially or completely regeneratively generated electrical energy from the power grid and trained.

It has proved to be advantageous, when the battery production device is designed, to charge electrochemical cells of a first type of energy in a charging cycle in a range of 50 to 70% of the rated charging capacity of this electrochemical cell. to supply chemical cells. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for second generation batteries.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous when the battery production device is designed to charge electrochemical cells of a second type of energy in a range of 55 to 115% of the rated charge capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the nominal charge capacity and in particular with 89%. the nominal charge capacity of these electrochemical cells supply. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for batteries of the third generation, which are designed for higher states of charge. An advantage of this and the preceding embodiment is that due to the carried out before transporting the loading of the electrochemical cell charging times can be avoided or reduced in subsequent assembly of the battery in a motor vehicle, whereby a cost advantage can be achieved because control devices for controlling the recording electrical Energy can be saved at the places of assembly.

Preferably, the battery production device has an energy storage device. An energy storage device can be understood to mean any device which can store energy in particular for the purpose of later use or other delivery. An energy storage device can convert the electrical energy into other forms of energy, such as mechanical and / or chemical energy. A back conversion of the energy into electrical energy is preferably provided. The energy storage device may preferably comprise a number of electrochemical cells, in particular secondary cells. By providing an energy storage device, parts of the battery production device that require electrical energy, in particular the production unit, regardless of the power supply in the power grid, at least temporarily be supplied with sufficient power by replacement power can be provided by the energy storage device. Likewise, the production unit may operate in certain operating States electrical energy regardless of the power supply in the power supply, since the production unit can deliver electrical energy to the energy storage device. The battery production facility can increasingly draw power from the power grid, if the temporary power supply is favorable for a power reference, and thereby conduct the power in the energy storage device, if at this time a demand for power from the production unit is not or only to a limited extent. The energy stored in the energy storage device can be used at any time to the production unit. Alternatively, the energy stored in the energy storage device can be delivered to the power grid at any time. One or more electrochemical cells may be components of the energy storage device.

Preferably, the energy storage device and the production unit is formed by a common device. It can be provided in particular that the energy storage device or the production unit is formed in each case from similar components. Alternatively or in combination, it can be provided that, depending on the operating state, a component of the battery production device can be assigned to either the energy storage device or the production unit. In another operating state, this component can then be assigned to the respective other, namely the production unit or the energy storage device. This applies in particular to a receiving device for electrochemical cells to which electrochemical cells to be formed in an operating state can be attached. In a state of operation following the formation of the electrochemical cells, the electrochemical cell formed in the previous operating state can continue to remain in the receiving device, although the process of forming has already been completed. In this operating state, the electrochemical cell can contribute to energy storage. The receiving device, to which the electrochemical cell arranged for energy storage is now attached, thus adopts this operating state, the function of the energy storage device, possibly in conjunction with the electrochemical cell. In this respect, it can only be distinguished between the energy storage device and the production unit by means of a consideration of the instantaneous function in the context of the battery production device.

Preferably, the battery production device comprises a network utilization sensor, which can in particular detect a network overload and / or a network underload of the power network. On the basis of the determined network overload and / or network undercurrent conclusions can be drawn on the range of services in the power grid. For example, a grid load sensor can determine the grid frequency of the grid. A network utilization sensor can be implemented as a software module and / or designed as a component of the regulation device. An oversupply of electrical power can lead to an increase in the network frequency; In the case of a sub-offer, the network frequency may be reduced. Alternatively, a network utilization sensor can also be a data processing unit which can preferably evaluate processed network utilization data which can be transmitted externally via a communication line to the battery production facility and make it possible to draw conclusions about network utilization. Such network utilization data may also include values about current and / or future procurement costs of electrical energy.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous if the battery production device is configured, depending on the power supply in the power grid and / or in dependence of at least one parameter in the power grid and / or as a function of at least one parameter change in the power grid for individual electrochemical cells or groups of electrochemical cells Initiate or terminate formation.

The object underlying the invention is achieved according to a second aspect by a method for controlling a battery Production device, in particular a forming device for forming electrochemical cells, comprising a production unit, in particular a receiving device for receiving at least one electrochemical cell, in particular a plurality of electrochemical cells, a power grid connection device, by means of which the battery production device can draw electrical energy, which is preferably regeneratively generated, from a power grid and electrical energy in the power grid, a control device for controlling at least parts of the battery production. In this case, an offer of electrical power, namely the power supply, in the power grid and / or at least one characterizing the state of the power network parameters and / or at least one of the state of the power network characterizing parameter change is detected and based on the detected power supply and / or on the basis of the detected parameters and / or based on the detected parameter change, determines the amount of energy that is drawn from the power grid and / or that is delivered to the power grid.

It has proved to be advantageous if the parameter characterizing the state of the power network has been selected from a parameter group comprising: voltage in the power grid at the power grid connection device, voltage in the power grid at a sensor, voltage in the power grid at a large consumer of electrical energy, Voltage in the power grid at a power generation plant, frequency in the power grid at the power grid connection device, frequency in the power grid at a sensor, frequency in the power grid to a large consumer of electrical energy, frequency in the power grid at a power plant.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous if the parameter change characterizing the state of the power network has been selected from a parameter change group comprising: voltage change in the power grid at the power grid connection device, voltage change in the power grid at a sensor, voltage change in the power grid at one Large consumers of electrical energy, voltage change in the power grid to a power plant, frequency change in the grid at the grid connection device, frequency change in the power grid to a sensor, frequency change in the power grid a large consumer of electrical energy, frequency change in the power grid to a power plant.

The control device and / or the power grid connection device are preferably adapted and configured to receive a partially or completely regeneratively generated electrical energy from the power grid.

It has proved to be advantageous if, in a charging cycle, electrochemical cells of a first type supply energy in a range of 50 to 70% of the rated charge capacity of these electrochemical cells, this configuration being particularly advantageous for batteries of the second generation.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous if in a charging cycle electrochemical cells of a second type energy in a range of 55 to 115% of the rated charge capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the rated charge capacity and in particular with 89% of the nominal charge capacity of these electrochemical cells is supplied, this configuration is particularly advantageous for batteries of the third generation.

The range of services in the power grid can be determined with a grid utilization sensor. The amount of energy to be drawn and / or delivered can be influenced by other parameters. This results in the advantages already mentioned for the battery production device.

Preferably, the power supply in the power grid is determined based on measurements of the grid frequency. Preferably, the temporary, ie the power supply available at the time of the measurement of the network frequency, is determined. Alternatively or in combination with this, the range of services in the power grid can be determined statistically. Here, a temporary service offer can be determined. Alternatively or in combination with this may also be Services at any time, in particular a date in the future. For this purpose, for example, a range of services can be used for comparable conditions at earlier times, taking into account any deviating conditions.

Preferably, in the case of grid overload, more electrical energy is taken from the power grid than when the grid is under load. For this comparison, almost identical operating states of the battery production device are to be used, which differ from each other only by the presence of network overload or network underload. In this case, a function can be implemented within the control which causes parts of the battery production device to draw more energy from an energy storage device in the case of the network underload than would be the case in the case of network overload. Alternatively or in combination, a function can be implemented within the control, which causes less energy to be made available to parts of the battery production device in the case of network overload, or parts of the battery production device to demand less power than would be the case under grid underload.

The terms "network underload" and "network overload" are to be understood as relative terms and refer preferably to two states of the power network, whereby in the case of network overload the power supply of the power grid is lower or, in the case of grid underload, the power supply of the power grid is greater than in the other state , Of course, this also includes the states of the absolute network overload or absolute network underload, in which the totality of the power demanded in a power grid is greater or smaller than the totality of the power provided in the power grid.

Preferably, at power under load more power is taken from the power grid as in network overload, especially in otherwise constant conditions. The extracted power is preferably used in the production unit and / or supplied to an energy storage device. In this respect, a possible oversupply of power in the power grid can be responded to by increased power consumption, which means that the production unit can be supplied with more power. Alternatively or in combination, the energy storage device can be supplied with more power, which can then be made available to the production facility if the power supply in the power grid is lower at a different time.

In the case of network overload, more power, in particular for the production unit, can be taken from an energy storage device than is the case with network underload, in particular under otherwise constant conditions. In this way, a reduced power output of the power grid can be replaced by the energy storage device.

In the case of grid overload, more power, in particular from the production unit and / or from an energy storage device, is preferably introduced into the power grid than under grid load, in particular in otherwise constant conditions. In particular, when the production unit processes the process of forming, it may happen that energy stored in electrochemical cells to be processed is taken out of them. This can be initiated either in an energy storage device or in the power grid. It makes sense to initiate more energy into the power grid in case of grid overload. In the case of a network under load, on the other hand, more power, in particular from the power grid and / or from the production unit into the energy storage device, can be introduced than in the event of network overload, in particular with otherwise constant conditions. Thus, if a larger range of services is available, thus the energy storage device can be charged. Alternatively or in combination, the electrical power output by the production unit can be increasingly introduced into the energy storage device, as would be the case with network overload. Preferably, an electrochemical cell, which is processed in an operating state in the production work, used in an operating state subsequent to the operating state as an electrochemical cell, an energy storage device. In particular, if the production unit is used for forming electrochemical cells, the electrochemical cells may remain in the battery production device for a certain time after the formation and may be in a charged or at least partially charged state. In such an operating state, the storage capacity of the electrochemical cell can be used for the storage of electrical energy. In this case, the electrochemical cell from the receiving device in which the electrochemical cell was attached during the production process, be moved to another receiving device, in particular the energy storage device locally. Alternatively, however, the electrochemical cell may also remain in the receiving device. In such a case, the battery production device is designed such that it can also be used as an energy storage device, possibly in interaction with the electrochemical cell mounted therein.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous in the method if, depending on the power supply in the power grid and / or depending on at least one parameter in the power grid and / or depending on at least one parameter change in the power grid for individual electrochemical cells or groups of electrochemical cells initiated the formation or ended. According to a third aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved in a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, with inventively produced electrochemical cells of a first type, characterized in that in a charge cycle these electrochemical cells energy in a range of 50 to 70% the nominal charge capacity has been supplied. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved in a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, with inventively produced electrochemical cells of a second type, characterized in that in a charge cycle these electrochemical cells energy in a range of 55 to 15 % of the nominal charging capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the rated charging capacity and in particular has been supplied to 89% of the rated charging capacity of these electrochemical cells.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved in a method for carrying out a further processing step on a battery having electrochemical cells of a first type produced according to the invention by virtue of a charge cycle in which these electrochemical cells have energy in one region before the further processing step has been supplied from 50 to 70% of the rated charge capacity, wherein preferably the further processing step comprises a transport of the battery and / or a mounting of the battery in a motor vehicle.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved in a method for carrying out a further processing step on a battery with inventively produced electrochemical cells of a second type, characterized in that prior to the further processing step in a charging cycle these electrochemical cells energy in a range of 55 to 1 15% of the nominal charging capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the nominal charging capacity and in particular has been supplied with 89% of the rated charging capacity, wherein preferably the further processing step comprises a transport of the battery and / or a mounting of the battery in a motor vehicle.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved in an energy transmission and / or energy distribution system having a power grid and one or more power plants, wherein at least one of these power plants is designed to generate regenerative power, in that the energy transmission and / or energy distribution system is connected to at least one battery production device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein it has proved to be advantageous if the power plant has been selected from a group comprising: wind power station, solar power station, hydroelectric power station , Geothermal power station or tidal power station.

In the following, advantages of the invention with reference to preferred embodiments and with the aid of figures will be described in more detail. Showing:

1 is a block diagram of a forming device according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a forming device according to the invention in an alternative embodiment,

3 shows a characteristic diagram of a regulation for the current reference in a first embodiment,

4 shows a characteristic diagram of a regulation for the current output of the first embodiment,

Fig. 5 is a map of a scheme for the current reference in a second

embodiment,

FIG. 6 is a map of a current output control of the second embodiment; FIG.

7 shows a characteristic diagram of a regulation for the current reference in a third embodiment,

Fig. 8 is a map of a control for the current output of the third embodiment and

Fig. 9 is a flow chart for the control of a former according to the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a forming device 1 as an example of a battery production device according to the invention. The forming device 1 comprises a receiving device 3 for electrochemical cells 4. The electrochemical cells 4 accommodated in the receiving device 3 are such cells on which a production line is located inside the forming device 1. process is carried out, which may be formed in the present case by the forming. Alternatively or in combination, other production processes may also be carried out.

The forming device 1 further comprises a Stromnetzanbindungs- device 5, which is connected to a bidirectional power line 10 to a public power network 2. On the one hand, the power grid connection device 5 makes it possible to deliver electrical power from the forming device 1 into the power network 2. The power grid connection device 5 is connected via a further bidirectional power line 10 to the receiving device 3, so that electric power can be supplied from the power supply connection device 5 to the receiving device 3, and electrical power can be delivered from the receiving device 3 to the power supply connection device 5.

The forming device 1 further comprises an energy storage device 6. In the energy storage device 6, a number of electrochemical cells 1 1 are arranged. The arranged in the energy storage device 6 electrochemical cells 1 1 are preferably already finished produced electrochemical cells, where currently no production process is performed within the forming device. Rather, the electrochemical cells 1 1 are used in the energy storage device 6 as units for storing electrical energy. The energy storage device 6 is connected via bidirectional power lines 10 to the receiving device 3 and the power grid connection device 5.

The forming device 1 has a control device 7. The control device 7 is connected via bidirectional data lines 10 to the power grid connection device 5, the receiving device 3 and the energy storage device 6. The control device 7 can control and regulate individual processes within said devices 3, 5, 6. In particular, the control device 7 can control the flow of electrical power within the power lines 10. The control device 7 is connected via a further data line 8 to a network load sensor 9. The grid load sensor 9 is designed to determine a grid frequency in the power grid 2, so that conclusions about the grid load within the grid 2 can be determined. In addition, via a further data line, not shown, the network load sensor 9 receives data from the local electricity network provider, which include the degree of network utilization and the current energy procurement costs. Energy procurement costs also include negative energy procurement costs, namely the remuneration paid by the electricity network operator for electrical power, which is fed into the electricity grid by the forming device.

Figure 2 shows the block diagram of a forming device 1 according to the invention, which largely corresponds to the forming device of Figure 1. In the following, only the differences will be discussed. It can be seen that the receiving device and the energy storage device are formed by a common device. After the formation of the electrochemical cells to be formed are stored for a certain period of time within the receiving device. During this storage, the electrochemical cells, which were previously formed, be charged and thus take over the tasks of the electrochemical cells 1 1 of the energy storage device 6. In this respect, the electrochemical cells 1 1 of the energy storage device 6 are formed by the electrochemical cells 4 of the receiving device 3, when the formation of these electrochemical cells 4 is completed.

Based on the determined network utilization, the control device regulates the current reference or the current output of the individual devices, which will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 8.

FIG. 3 shows a characteristic diagram of a regulation for the current reference in a first embodiment. On the abscissa axis, the degree of network load D applied. D _min denotes an example of a state of the network underload; D _ma x denotes a state of the network overload, for example.

The ordinate axis denotes the electric power W, which is requested or made available by individual devices. Regardless of the degree of network utilization D, the receiving device requires a constant electrical power W ₃ . On the one hand, this electrical power W ₃ can be provided by the power grid connection device 5 from the power network 2, represented by the line designated by W ₅ . It can be seen that the power W _{5 obtained} from the power grid 2 is greater when the grid load D is lower. If the grid utilization D is greater, the power W ₅ , which is taken from the grid 2, decreases. Nevertheless, in order to satisfy the constant demand electric power W _{3 of} the pickup device 3, the electric power W _{6 is provided} by the energy storage device 6. It can be seen that, starting from a certain network overload D _ma, only energy is obtained via the energy storage device 6. By contrast, below a certain network underload D _min , power is taken exclusively from the power grid connection device 5 from the power network 2.

FIG. 4 shows a characteristic diagram of a regulation for the current output of the first embodiment. For example, the electrochemical cells 4 arranged in the receiving device 3 can be discharged. The power curves are located below the abscissa and therefore denote a flow of power in a direction opposite to the flow of power according to FIG. It can be seen that the battery receiving device ₃ can deliver an electrical power W ₃ . In the case of a network under load, a delivery of the electrical power to the power grid is unfavorable, which is why more electric power W _{6 is} delivered to the energy storage device. In the case of a network overload, however, power W ₅ is increasingly delivered to the power grid 2 via the power grid connection device 5. It is also apparent that below a certain network underload D _min electrical power is delivered exclusively to the energy storage device 6, while above a certain network overload D _max electrical power is delivered exclusively to the power grid 2 via the power grid connection device 5. FIGS. 5 and 6 show characteristic diagrams of a regulation for the current reference or the current output in a second embodiment. These largely correspond to the characteristic diagrams of FIGS. 3 and 4, so that only the differences will be discussed below. In Figure 5 it can be seen that W is based ₅ on the current network connection means 5 of the power supply 2 at a power under load below a certain network underload D _min more electric power is required ₃ from the recording device 3 as the electric power W. Furthermore, it can be seen that, below a certain network underload D _min, the power W ₆ provided by the energy storage device assumes a negative value. This results from the fact that a surplus share of the power W ₅ , which is provided by the power grid connection device 5 from the power network 2, is used to charge the energy storage device 6. Furthermore, it can be seen that above a certain network overload D _max, the energy storage device 6 provides more electrical power W ₆ than is required by the receiving device 3. A surplus share of the power provided by the energy storage device 6 is introduced into the power network 2 in order to contribute to the stabilization of the network utilization. As can be seen, the amount of power W ₅ related to the grid is negative, which means that electrical power is supplied to the grid 2. FIG. 6 shows the state in which the receiving device can deliver electrical power W ₃ . It can be seen that, below a certain network underload D _min, the power W 5 related to the grid assumes a positive value. This positive power is delivered to the energy storage device 6. It can be seen that the power W ₆ , which is delivered to the energy storage device 6, is greater than the power W ₃ , the of the receiving device 3 is discharged. Furthermore, it can be seen that, above a certain network overload D _ma, an excess of electrical power W ₆ can be delivered to the power network 2, so that the total power W ₅ output to the power network 2 via the power grid connection device _{5 is} greater than that of the receiving device 3 provided electric power W ₃ .

FIGS. 7 and 8 show characteristic diagrams of a regulation for the current reference or the current output in a third embodiment. These largely correspond to the characteristic diagrams of FIGS. 5 and 6, so that only the differences will be discussed below. It can be seen that the electrical power W ₃ required by the recording device ₃ varies as a function of the network load D. Thus, the power required by the recording device 3 power W _{3 is} reduced by the control device when a high network load D is present, as shown in Figure 7. With a low grid load, the energy W ₃ required by the receiving device _{3 is} increased. Analogously, as shown in FIG. 8, the regulating device can be implemented in such a way that the receiving device ₃ emits more electrical power W ₃ in the event of network overload than in the case of mains underload, as shown in FIG.

Figure 9 shows a flow chart for a control of the forming device 1 according to the present invention. In a step S1, parameter data relating to the supply of electric power in a power network 2 are detected, and in a step S2 the detected parameter data are fed to a control unit 7 in which a decision value is formed by means of the acquired parameter data in a step S3. Subsequently, it is determined in a step S4 whether the decision value is greater than a predetermined threshold value. If the determination in step S4 shows that the decision value is greater than the predetermined threshold value, electric energy is supplied from the power network 2 to the forming device 1 in a step S5. If, on the other hand, the determination in step S4 shows that the decision value is not larger than the predetermined threshold, in a step S5 electrical energy from the forming device 1 dissipated in the power grid 2. Furthermore, it is also possible that neither power supplied from the power network 1 of the forming device 1 nor current from the forming device 1 is discharged into the power network 2 when the decision value is within a predetermined value range around the threshold value.

Furthermore, it is also possible for the decision value to be formed after the acquisition of the parameter data, and subsequently the formed decision value to be fed to the control unit 7. In this context, parameter data should be understood to mean not only a plurality of parameter data, but possibly also a single parameter data.

The present invention furthermore relates to a battery which has these electrochemical cells, in particular a battery designed for use in a motor vehicle, which has these electrochemical cells.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 forming device

2 power grid

3 receiving device

4 Electrochemical cell

5 power supply connection device

6 energy storage device

7 control device

8 data line

9 network load sensor

10 power line

1 1 Electrochemical cell

D network utilization

W performance

51 Collecting parameter data about the range of services in the power grid

52 supplying the acquired parameter data to a control device

53 forming a decision value from the acquired parameter data S4 determining whether the decision value is greater than a predetermined one

Threshold is

55 Obtaining electrical energy from the power grid

56 Supplying electrical energy to the power grid

Claims

claims

Battery production device, in particular forming device (1) for forming electrochemical cells (4), comprising a production unit, in particular a receiving device (3) for receiving at least one electrochemical cell (4), in particular a plurality of electrochemical cells (4), a Stromnetzanbindungsein- direction (5) by means of which the battery-producing device can draw electrical energy, which is preferably generated regeneratively, from a power grid (2), in particular a public power grid, and can deliver electrical energy to the power grid, a regulating device (7) for controlling at least parts of the battery production, characterized in that the control device (7) is designed such that the electricity from the power supply (2) and / or the electric power supplied to the power network (2) depending on the power supply in the power grid (2) and / or in dependence at least one of the states d of the power system (2) characterizing parameter and / or depending on at least one of the state of the power system (2) characterizing parameter change can be controlled, in particular in dependence on the temporary power supply in the power grid (2) can be controlled.

Battery production device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the parameter characterizing the state of the power network has been selected from a parameter group comprising: voltage in the power network (2) at the power supply device (5), voltage in the power supply (2) at a sensor , Voltage in the electricity network (2) at a large consumer of electrical energy, Voltage in the power grid (2) at a power generation plant, Frequency in the power grid (2) at the power supply (5), Frequency in the power grid (2) at a sensor, Frequency in the power grid ( 2) at one Large consumers of electrical energy, frequency in the power grid (2) at a power generation plant.

Battery production device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the state of the power system characterizing parameter change has been selected from a parameter change group, comprising: voltage change in the power grid (2) to the power grid connection device (5), voltage change in the power grid (2) to a sensor , Voltage change in the power grid (2) at a large consumer of electrical energy, voltage change in the power grid (2) at a power plant, frequency change in the power grid (2) at the power grid connection device (5), frequency change in the power grid (2) to a sensor, frequency change in the power grid ( 2) to a large consumer of electrical energy, frequency change in the power grid (2) to a power plant.

Battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control device (7) and / or the power supply connection means (5) are adapted and formed at a reference of partially or completely regeneratively generated electrical energy from the power grid (2).

Battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the battery production device is adapted to supply electrochemical cells (4) of a first type of energy in a range of 50 to 70% of the nominal charge capacity of the electrochemical cells (4) of the first type in a charging cycle.

Battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the battery production device is formed is, in a charging cycle, electrochemical cells (2) of a second type energy in a range of 55 to 115% of the rated charge capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the rated charge capacity and in particular with 89% of the nominal charge capacity of the electrochemical cells (2) second type to feed.

Battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by an energy storage device (6).

Battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the energy storage device (6) and the production unit (3) are formed by a common device.

Battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the battery production device comprises a network load sensor (9), which can detect in particular a network overload and / or a network underload of the power network (2).

Battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the battery production device is configured, depending on the power supply in the power grid (2) and / or in dependence of at least one parameter in the power grid (2) and / or as a function of at least one parameter change in the power grid ( 2) for individual electrochemical cells (4) or groups of electrochemical cells (4) initiate the formation or terminate.

Method for controlling a battery production device, in particular forming device (1) for forming electrochemical cells (4), comprising a production unit, in particular a receiving device (3) for receiving at least one electrochemical cell (4), in particular a plurality of electrochemical cells (4) Power supply connection device (5), by means of which the battery production device can draw electrical energy, which is preferably generated regeneratively from a power grid (2), in particular a public power grid, and can deliver electrical energy to the power grid, a control device (7) for controlling at least Parts of the battery production, characterized in that an offer of electrical power in the power grid (2) and / or at least one of the state of the power system (2) characterizing parameter and / or at least one of the state of the power system (2) characterizing parameter change is detected and based of the detected power supply in the power grid (2) and / or on the basis of the detected parameter and / or on the basis of the detected parameter change, the amount of energy is determined based on the power grid (2) and / or delivered to the power grid (2).

Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the parameter characterizing the state of the power network (2) has been selected from a parameter group comprising: voltage in the power grid (2) at the power grid connection device (5), voltage in the power grid (2) at one Sensor, voltage in mains (2) at a large consumer of electrical energy, voltage in mains (2) at power plant, frequency in mains (2) at power supply (5), frequency in mains (2) at sensor, frequency in mains (2) a large consumer of electrical energy, frequency in the electricity network (2) at a power plant.

Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the parameter change characterizing the state of the power network (2) has been selected from a parameter change group comprising: voltage change in the power grid (2) at the power grid connection device (5), voltage change in the power grid (2) at a sensor, voltage change in the power grid (2) to a large consumer of electrical energy, voltage change in the power grid (2) to a power plant, frequency change in the power grid (2) to the power grid connection device (5), frequency change in the power grid (2) to a sensor, frequency change in Power grid (2) a large consumer of electrical energy, frequency change in the power grid (2) at a power plant.

Method according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the regulating device (7) and / or the power supply connection device (5) are adapted and designed to receive partially or completely regeneratively generated electrical energy from the power network (2).

Method according to one of Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that, during a charging cycle, the electrochemical cells (2) of a first type are supplied with energy in a range of 50 to 70% of the rated charging capacity of the electrochemical cells (4) of the first type.

Method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that in a charging cycle the electrochemical cells (2) of a second type energy in a range of 55 to 115% of the nominal charging capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the rated charging capacity, and in particular with 89% of the rated charging capacity of the electrochemical cells (4) of the second type is supplied.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the power supply in the power grid (2) is determined based on measurements of the grid frequency.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 to 17, characterized in that the power supply in the power grid (2) is determined statistically.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 to 18, characterized in that at network under load (D _min ) more power, in particular for the production unit and / or for an energy storage device, from the power grid (2) is taken as in network overload (D _max ).

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 1 to 19, characterized in that at network overload (D _max ) more power, in particular for the production unit, is taken from an energy storage device as in network under load.

21. Method according to one of claims 1 1 to 20, characterized in that at network overload (D _max ) more power, in particular from the production unit and / or an energy storage device, in the power grid (2) is initiated as in network under load (D _min ).

22. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 21, characterized in that at network under load (D _min ) more power, in particular from the power grid (2) and / or from the production unit, is introduced into the energy storage device than at network overload (D _max ).

23. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 22, characterized in that a processed in an operating state in the production unit electrochemical cell (4) in a temporally subsequent operating state as an electrochemical cell (1 1) an energy storage device (6) is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that, depending on the power supply in the power grid (2) and / or as a function of at least one parameter in the power grid (2) and / or as a function of at least one parameter change in the power grid (2) for individual electrochemical Cells (4) or groups of electrochemical cells (4) the formation is initiated or terminated.

Battery, in particular lithium-ion battery, having a first type of electrochemical cell (4) produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that in a charging cycle these electrochemical cells (4) have energy in a range of 50 Up to 70% of the nominal charge capacity of these electrochemical cells (4) has been supplied.

Battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, having a second type of electrochemical cell (4) produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that in a charging cycle these electrochemical cells (4) have energy in a range of 55 1 to 15% of the nominal charging capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the nominal charging capacity and in particular of 89% of the nominal charging capacity of these electrochemical cells (4).

Method for carrying out a further processing step of a battery having a first type of electrochemical cell (4) produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that energy is introduced into said electrochemical cells (4) before the further processing step in a charging cycle Range of 50 to 70% of the nominal charging capacity has been supplied, wherein preferably the further processing step comprises a transport of the battery and / or a mounting of the battery in a motor vehicle. Method for carrying out a further processing step of a battery with a second type of electrochemical cells (4) produced by a method according to one of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that energy is introduced into said electrochemical cells (4) before the further processing step in a charging cycle Range of 55 to 115% of the nominal charging capacity, preferably in a range of 84 to 94% of the nominal charging capacity and in particular has been supplied to 89% of the rated charging capacity, wherein preferably the further processing step, a transport of the battery and / or an assembly of the battery in a motor vehicle having.

Energy transmission and / or energy distribution system with a power network (2) and one or more power plants, wherein at least one of these power plants is designed for generating renewable electricity, characterized in that the energy transmission and / or energy distribution system with at least one battery production device according to one of claims 1 to 10 connected is.

Energy transmission and / or energy distribution system according to claim 29, characterized in that the power plant designed to generate renewable electricity has been selected from a group comprising: wind power plant, solar power plant, hydroelectric power plant, geothermal power plant, wave power plant or tidal power plant.