EP2710245A1

EP2710245A1 - Method for rationalising a chain of electric components of an aircraft, implementation architecture and corresponding aircraft

Info

Publication number: EP2710245A1
Application number: EP12728693.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jean-Michel Haillot
Original assignee: Turbomeca SA
Current assignee: Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
Priority date: 2011-05-20
Filing date: 2012-05-15
Publication date: 2014-03-26
Also published as: KR20140027395A; US20140084677A1; US9555752B2; FR2975547B1; CN103547779B; WO2012160294A1; CA2836027A1; RU2013154396A; CA2836027C; JP2014516004A; CN103547779A; FR2975547A1; RU2610358C2; JP6212483B2; KR101986856B1

Abstract

The invention relates to the execution of an architecture capable of rationalising the chain of electric components of an aircraft. The chain of components for transmitting electric power of an aircraft comprises an auxiliary power unit (APU) (10), main engines and end consumer systems (ECS) via power networks (R1, R2; LP1, LP2) and electronic links (EP1, EP2) controlled by a unit (U1). The APU (10) supplies power to a shaft (5a, 5) by a link (P1-P7; 14a, 15a; 14b, 15b; AF1-AF4) to at least one energy conversion unit (MC1, MC2), via a gearbox (8), each conversion unit comprising only one convertible electromechanical component (13a, 13b). The transmission of power takes place by a direct link to the gearbox (8) and to the end consumer system (ECS). The link between a converter unit (MC1, 11a, 13a; MC2, 11b, 13b) and the APU (10) is provided by coupling the shaft (5a, 5) of the APU (10) with the shaft (14a, 14b) of the starter/generator (13a, 13b) by directional power transmission (RL1-RL2-RL3) operating in one direction only (F1, F2, F3) from the shaft of the APU (10) to the shaft (14a, 14b) of the SG (13a, 13b).

Description

METHOD FOR RATIONALIZING CHAIN OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS OF AN AIRCRAFT, IMPLEMENTING ARCHITECTURE

AND CORRESPONDING AIRCRAFT

DESCRIPTION

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a method of streamlining of components of electrical energy transmission components of an aircraft. The invention also relates to an electromechanical architecture capable of implementing such a method and an aircraft comprising electrical energy components arranged according to this architecture.

The aircraft generally comprise at least one auxiliary power unit on board, also called APU (initials of "Auxiliary Power Unit" in English terminology) or GAP (Auxiliary Power Group initials). A GAP is a small turbojet engine, associated with an electric power generator, capable of supplying electrical energy to an electric motor dedicated to moving the aircraft on the ground.

[0003] GAPs thus usually equip aircraft to power various energy-consuming equipment (electric, pneumatic and hydraulic power, air conditioning) on the ground, and to start the main engines. A GAP may possibly be restarted and used in flight in case of failure of the air conditioning control system or the electrical distribution. Sufficiently secure to be certified, for example in the engine class, it can then subsist, in certain phases of flight, the main engines to provide energy to consumer equipment.

As illustrated in the diagram of Figure 1, a GAP 10 is conventionally composed of a gas generator - comprising an air compressor 1 A1, a combustion chamber 2 of the air mixture A1 and fuel K1, and two turbines 3 and 4 - as well as at least one drive shaft and power 5. The second turbine 4 is typically a linked turbine, the most powerful GAP being equipped with a free turbine.

The stages 3 and 4 of G1 gas expansion provide power to the compressor 1 via the drive shaft 5. This shaft 5 is also a power shaft: residual power is indeed available on the shaft 5 to drive equipment when the GAP is operational, for example on the ground or during certain phases of flight, especially at takeoff, landing or in case of potential engine failure. In the case where the turbine 4 is free, the available power is transmitted to the equipment on a drive shaft collinear with the shaft 5.

To ensure the need for compressed air Ac, for example while taxiing, a charge compressor 6 is driven by the available power supplied by the shaft 5 to compress incoming air A0. This compressor 6 is coupled, for example, to an air conditioning system or a pneumatic pressure system (not shown).

To provide electrical power to the equipment, in particular for starting the main engines, the shaft 5 is coupled to two alternators 7a and 7b connected in parallel via the pinions P1 to P3 of a relay transmission housing of power 8. On each drive shaft 9a and 9b of each alternator 7a and 7b, is disposed a mechanical fuse Fa, respectively Fb, for cutting overwires in case of failure of an alternator. These fuses may be, for example, toothed jaw or sections to break.

The electrical current generation means, consisting of at least one alternator, is doubled here because the technological security provides functional redundancy and have at best two independent electrical circuits. In general, the equipment is classically doubled and remains independent.

The start of a GAP is conventionally performed by an electric launcher (not shown) and the starting of the main engines by a pneumatic starter powered by the charge compressor 6 mounted on the drive shaft 5 of the GAP.

STATE OF THE ART

The recent arrival of electric starters / generators, DG abbreviated, has eliminated the use of a pneumatic starter 6 of the main engines and that of the electric launcher GAP. By using power electronics EP1 and EP2, generators 7a and 7b operating in DG are transformed, by power connections LP1 and LP2, into a motor (starter) in the starting phase of the GAP and then converted into a generator in the phase of supplying power. electric current (alternator). The power electronics regulate the electric power supplied by the DGs 7a and 7b from the electrical networks R1 and R2 of the aircraft or transmitted to these networks. This transmission makes it possible to supply power to aircraft equipment, in particular to air-compressor units of air conditioning systems. When starting the GAP, initiated from the batteries of the aircraft, the DC current is converted by the electronic EP1 and EP2 into alternating current at a variable frequency allowing adaptation, in speed and / or torque, of the piloting in the starting phase of the GAP.

Furthermore a digital control unit U1, also called FADEC (initials of "Full Authority Digital Engine Control" in English terminology) regulates gear speeds of the 8 transmission power transmission. The regulation is carried out by injecting the appropriate amount of fuel K1 into the combustion chamber 2 via a metering device D1. This quantity is calculated and applied by the unit U1 as a function of the difference between the speed of the gearbox 8 provided by a speed sensor Cv, and transmitted to the unit U1, and a setpoint value. The unit U1 and the power electronics EP1, EP2 are in cable connections or radio LA with the control center of the aircraft, in order to coordinate and anticipate the power controls with the flight conditions. [0013] Nowadays, a significant increase in electrical equipment tends to favor the concept of "all electric". The use of an energy supply architecture on the basis described above is unsuitable for driving these equipments. It is known, for example, to dedicate a power electronics to control the motors of the charge compressors, or motor-compressors, for the need of compressed air. In general, four motor-compressors are used in networks R1, R2 to supply two air conditioning systems or ECS (initials of "Environment Control System" in English terminology). This type of control requires the use of motor-compressors and a high-capacity alternator, for example of a power of 200 kVA, to generate the electricity needs of the motor of each motor-compressor and the electricity needs of the aircraft, especially when starting the GAP.

Thus, the multiplication of equipment involves the use of motors and / or generators superabundant to electrically coordinate equipment, and a multiplication of electromechanical connection systems in relay boxes. The architecture becomes complex and energy efficient. In particular, congestion, mass and costs are increased while reliability is decreased. In addition, in the distributed alternative network of an aircraft, the GAP is an addition of significant power source whose use, limited to certain flight phases, results in highly complex real-time circuit switches. in the electric core, in particular to ensure the different functions in case of failure. The energy recovered by recycling, for example during deceleration on the ground by the landing gear motors (function called "green taxiing" in English terminology, that is to say in green recovery of taxing) or by heat exchangers in suitable locations, can not be used by GAPs in flight phases where they are not operational, start-up and charging authorization times are too long: an additional energy absorption system must be installed.

The technological redundancy of a GAP can be provided by the main engines. However, this solution requires the connection of these motors to the pneumatic system. Alternatively, independent systems, such as motor-compressors, may be considered to provide redundancy. But these solutions add additional devices, which contributes to the complexification of the whole. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks and, in particular, to achieve an architecture capable of rationalizing the electrical distribution between different components of an aircraft to reduce the number of components, bulk, mass and costs, while ensuring good reliability.

To do this, the invention proposes to optimize the energy supply by a suitable operation in reversibility of electrical supply systems GAP. This operation allows adaptation, in case of failure of the GAP or the pneumatic or hydraulic energy supply system. More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a process for rationalizing the chain of electrical energy transmission components of an aircraft comprising an auxiliary power unit GAP, main engines and end-user equipment for electrical energy. , pneumatic and / or hydraulic controlled by dedicated control systems. The GAP provides power delivered on a drive shaft by connecting to at least one energy transforming group via a power transmission housing. Each transformer group has only one convertible starter / generator electromechanical component and an associated energy transformer. The transmission of power is carried out from the each transformation group by direct connection on the one hand to the transmission box and on the other hand to the dedicated final equipment.

This method thus eliminates the intermediates (motors, generators, converters, etc.) of electromechanical transformation and reduce the power capacity necessary for the supply of energy to the dedicated final equipment, for example the control systems. air conditioning.

This process also rationalization of energy absorption recovered by other systems of the aircraft, such as wheel motors of the landing gear during braking or a turbine energy recovery in connection with a heat exchanger.

Advantageously, the connection between the transformer unit and the GAP is formed in the housing by coupling the drive shaft of the GAP on the starter / generator DG shaft via a directional power communication operating in a single direction. from the drive shaft of the GAP to the shaft of the DG, the transmission being free or without drive communication in the other direction.

In particular embodiments, the method may provide that:

- The DG or one of the DGs is configured to operate in motor mode during the start phase of the GAP, and then drive the GAP via a directional power communication ranging from the group to the GAP;

the DG then operating in motor mode is advantageously movably connected to the drive shaft of the GAP so that the associated energy transformer is not driven during the starting phase of the GAP;

an energy recovery turbine, by heat exchange at the outlet of hot gases at the outlet of pneumatic equipment and / or main engines, at least partially drives a transformer group by coupling in the power transmission box via at least one minus directional power communication from the recovery turbine to the transformer group;

the one or one of the transformer groups is dedicated to taxing by supplying electrical energy in coupling with a landing gear motorization of the aircraft and the other group to the supply of energy according to the needs of the aircraft, the group dedicated to taxing being configured to operate in generator mode in connection with the drive shaft of the GAP according to the demand in traction of said engine, and in drive mode of the associated compressor when the train operator is converted into generator mode during the braking phases;

alternatively, an additional DG is dedicated to taxing and coupled to the shaft of the GAP in the housing to be driven by this shaft and operate in generator mode according to the traction demand of the train operator, and to operate in engine mode. drive of the GAP shaft itself in engine mode when the train operator is converted into generator mode during the braking phases.

The invention also relates to an electromechanical architecture comprising electrical energy transmission components in an aircraft, capable of implementing the above method. Such an architecture comprises a GAP, a control unit in connection with at least one power electronics, a power transmission case by gear means between, on the one hand, the shafts of at least one transformer unit, integrating by a single DG convertible by the control unit and, on the other hand, a power transmitting GAP drive shaft, as well as direct electrical power links to a final equipment. Each transformation group is directly connected, on the one hand, to the power transmission box and, on the other hand, to the dedicated final equipment.

Depending on whether the dedicated final equipment is an air conditioning system, a hydraulic circuit or an electrical network, the transformation unit comprises respectively a compressor, a hydraulic pump or an alternator as an example of an associated energy transformer. .

Advantageously, the power transmission is performed in the transmission housing by coupling the drive shaft of the GAP on the rotation shafts of the starters / generators DG via means of directional power communication mounted on the GAP drive shaft and on the rotation shafts of the DGs.

According to some preferred embodiments:

- The directional power communication means are selected from a freewheel, a decoupling sleeve and a centrifugal or electromechanical clutch;

the control unit is capable of configuring, during the GAP startup phase, the DG of a transformer group in motor mode and driving the GAP tree by coupling to this GAP tree via at least one communication means of directional power;

advantageously, during the starting phase of the GAP, the drive of the GAP shaft is made by a mobile coupling means between the DG and the GAP shaft via at least one directional communication means, this coupling means simultaneously performing a disconnection between the DG and the associated power transformer;

- An energy recovery turbine, from heat exchangers at the outlet of pneumatic equipment and / or main engines, is coupled to at least one transformer unit in the transmission housing to drive it, in addition to the drive operated by the GAP shaft, via at least one directional power communication means from the recovery turbine to the transformer unit;

one of the transformer groups, dedicated to the taxing by a coupling means on at least one drive shaft of the landing gear engines of the aircraft, another group being dedicated to the supply of energy according to the needs of the aircraft, is configured by the control unit in generator mode in addition to the drive operated by the GAP shaft according to the traction demand of said train engines, and in the drive motor mode of the transformer. energy of this group when the train engines are converted into generator mode by the control unit during the braking phases;

- an additional DG, dedicated to taxing, is driven by the GAP shaft by coupling in the transmission box and converted by the transmission unit. control in generator mode to satisfy the traction demand of the train operator, and in drive motor mode of the GAP shaft when the control unit converts the train engines into generator mode during the braking phases;

- Mechanical fuses are inserted on the drive shafts of the compressors and DGs of each motor-compressor.

PRESENTATION OF FIGURES

Other data, features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following nonlimited description, with reference to the appended figures which represent, respectively:

- Figure 1, a basic diagram of energy distribution architecture comprising two motor compressors in connection with a GAP (already commented);

FIG. 2, an exemplary architecture diagram according to the invention comprising directional power communication means on the main trees;

FIG. 3, the architecture diagram according to FIG. 2 applied to the start of the GAP and to the taxing,

- Figures 4 and 5, diagrams of a variant of Figure 3 to achieve, in two phases, the starting function of the architecture without involving compressor;

FIG. 6, the diagram of a variant of FIG. 3 applied to the taxing with a third DG coupled directly to the GAP; and

FIG. 7, an energy absorption architecture diagram comprising a recovery turbine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to the diagram of FIG. 2, the illustrated architecture 10 comprises an APU of the type of FIG. 1 with, in the present example, a power turbine 4 of the free turbine drive type of the drive shaft. power 5a. The elements identical to those of FIG. 1 (networks R1, R2, power electronics EP1, EP2, power connections LP1, LP2, unit of control U1, speed sensor Cv, aircraft links LA) are designated by the same references in Figures 2 to 7 (unless expressly indicated).

The pooling of the functions of the architecture related to the GAP 10 according to the invention is rationalized by bidirectional links L1 and L2 between the control unit U1 and each of the power electronics EP1, EP2 which manages the starter transformation. generator or DG of alternators 13a, 13b, during different phases: start of the GAP or main engines, energy absorption or taxing. Thus, the power electronics EP1, EP2 transmit to the unit U1 information on the power level that the alternators must provide to anticipate GAP power supply transients or for a speed optimization search. In the other direction, the power electronics EP1, EP2 receive from unit U1 the confirmation signal of the power that can be supplied by the GAP.

The gas generator consists of the compressor 1, the combustion chamber 2 and a turbine HP (high pressure) 3. The latter provides the drive power to the compressor 1 via the shaft The speed of the drive shaft 5 is measured by a Cv sensor and the information is transmitted to the control unit U1.

The gas generator also comprises a free power turbine 4. The residual energy leaving the turbine 3 is then transferred to the power turbine 4, a free turbine in the example, which provides mechanical power on the power shaft 5a. This power is available to drive equipment, via the transmission housing 8, able to convert this power into pneumatic power, electrical or hydraulic.

In the example, the GAP 10 thus provides pneumatic power by driving charge compressors 1 1a and 1 1b and the electrical power by driving alternators 13a and 13b. Other equipment shown in dotted lines may be driven, including a hydraulic pump and / or an alternator and / or a starter / generator DG dedicated to taxing (see below with reference to Figure 5).

All these equipment are driven by the power shaft 5a via pinions P1 to P7 assembled in the housing 8. Sprockets additional Ps, shown in dashed lines, may cause the other equipment mentioned above.

More precisely, the shaft 5a transmits the power to the pinion P1 through a freewheel RL1. The arrow F1 indicates the active communication direction of the power transmitted by the freewheel RL1. The power transmission thus passes from the shaft 5a to the pinion P1, without being transmitted in the opposite direction, that is to say, pinion P1 to the shaft 5a. Indeed, the engagement E1 of the freewheel RL1 being active, by construction, only in one direction of rotation corresponding to the direction of transmission of the arrow F1, no catch is engaged in the opposite direction and therefore no transmission pinion P1 to the shaft 5a is possible.

The pinions P2 and P3, meshing with the pinion P1, respectively drive in parallel freewheels RL2 and RL3. On these freewheels are mounted the shafts 14a and 14b of the gears P4 and P6 for driving alternators 13a and 13b via fuse shafts AF1 and AF2. The arrows F2 and F3 indicate the direction of active power communication imposed by the freewheels RL2 and RL3, that is to say respectively of the pinion P2 to the pinion P4 and the pinion P3 to the pinion P6.

Moreover, the compressors 1 1a and 1 1b, which produce the pneumatic energy, are respectively driven by shafts 15a and 15b of pinions P5 and P7, via fusible shafts AF3 and AF4, the pinions. P5 and P7 are respectively geared by the pinions P4 and P6 alternators 13a and 13b. Each alternator 13a, 13b respectively drives a compressor 1 1a, 1 1b: each pair consisting of an alternator 13a, 13b and the corresponding compressor 1 1a, 1 1b form a motor-compressor MC1, MC2.

In this architecture, the free wheel RL1 is a redundancy of the uncoupling function exerted by the freewheels RL2 and RL3. It can possibly be suppressed, in particular in case of additional redundancy of alternators and / or compressors. As a variant of the freewheel RL1, a decoupling sleeve may be introduced on the shaft 5a. Such a sleeve is described in the patent document FR 2,887,945 incorporated by reference. The architecture of the invention allows pooling equipment and start functions of the GAP and recovery or energy absorption. In this respect, FIG. 3 repeats and completes the architecture of FIG. 2 to illustrate the implementation of a starting solution of the GAP by one or other of the alternators, for example the alternator 13b.

The alternator 13b converted into a starter, by calling this function by the associated power electronics EP2, drives the shaft 5 via the series of pinions P6, P7, P8 and P9: the pinion P6 mounted on the shaft 15b of the alternator 13b meshes with the pinion P7 which drives the compressor 1 1b and a freewheel RL4. The arrow F4 indicates the direction of the freewheel RL4, that is to say a power communication is transmitted to the pinion P8. The latter meshes with the P9 pinion geared on the shaft 5 of the GAP 10.

Advantageously, the power between the pinions P7 and P8 is transmitted via a decoupling sleeve MD1. This fuse can be that of the technology used to drive the air motor starters. They are able to transmit strong torque through a fuse calibrated accordingly in the direction of the arrow F5 (P7 pinion to the pinion P8) but, conversely, it behaves weak fuse if the transmission of power is in the opposite direction. This device avoids driving the gas generator in case of failure of the freewheel RL4.

For redundancy issues, it is directly feasible to transpose the same principle, alternatively or cumulatively, to the other alternator 13a converted starter.

Alternatively, Figure 4 illustrates a variant for performing the start function without driving the compressor 1 1b during the start phase of the GAP, and therefore reduce the power to be supplied during this phase. In this variant, a movable pinion P10 of shaft 12b carrying the decoupler sleeve MD1 is inserted between the pinions P6 and P7. The pinion P6 drives, by a wide toothing, the pinion P10, which does not mesh the pinion P7 with teeth that is appreciably narrower than that of the pinion P6. Through the decoupler sleeve MD1, the power is transmitted to the pinion P8 which drives the pinion P9. The pinion P8 is also mobile along its tree coincident with the tree 12b of the pinion 10, so that all of the two pinions P8-P10 constitutes a directionally movable gear train in translation.

The diagram of Figure 5 shows the same solution after the start-up phase, that is to say in power supply configuration by the GAP 10. In this configuration, the gear train P10 and P8 connected by the decoupler sleeve MD1 is translated so that it is no longer in mesh with the pinion P9 of the GAP shaft. Under these conditions, the GAP transmits power via its shaft 5a in the basic configuration illustrated in FIG.

This solution may advantageously include synchromes (not shown) of angle measurement for a restart of the GAP in residual rotation, for example, an autorotation by "reel effect" or end of start sequence then that the free turbine 4 is accelerated at low speed.

Furthermore, the functional pooling of the equipment according to the invention - in particular by the shared management of the generators 13a and / or 13b and the compressors 11a and / or 11b by the power electronics EP1 / EP2 in bidirectional link L1 / L2 with FADEC U1 - allows the rational implementation of power absorption recovery. This recovery comes for example braking phases of the landing wheels, during the phases of taxing and / or landing, or, for example, an associated recovery turbine.

For example during the phase of taxing and / or landing, the alternators 13a and 13b of Figures 2 to 5, are advantageously converted into engines - starter function through power electronics EP1 and EP2 - to absorb the powers supplied by the engines of the wheels of the main gear converted into generators.

In particular, with reference to FIG. 3, the alternator 13a which is not dedicated to starting the GAP (as well as to the supply of power after starting), can be dedicated to this absorption function. power.

Thus, during the taxing phase, all the electrical power for the aircraft needs is provided by the other convertible alternator 13b, that is to say operating in DG modes, starter or generator. Electronics of power concerned EP2 then manages the needs via the two aircraft networks R1 and R2 coupled during this phase.

In the normal mode of traction demand of the landing gear motors, the energy required for the displacement of the aircraft is provided by the generator 13a. In braking mode, the electric motors of the train are converted into alternators and supply electrical power to the alternator 13a as a motor (starter function) transmitted through additional pinions Ps. This power is transmitted through the pinions P4 and P5 to the compressor 1 1a to recover the energy in pneumatic form. The additional energy that may be required to drive the compressor 11a is provided by the power turbine 4 of the GAP 10.

The pooling of power electronics EP1 and EP2 dedicated to each of alternators 13a and 13b convertible DG, also allow to manage GAP failures by the use of these alternators as motors (starter function).

Thus, in case of failure of the GAP 10, the shaft 5a is no longer driven and therefore no longer drives the pinion P1. The alternator 13a converted into a motor provides the mechanical power necessary to drive the charge compressor 1 1 a and other equipment if necessary. Similarly, the alternator 13b can be converted into a motor to provide the mechanical power needed to drive the charge compressor 11b and other equipment.

Under these conditions, the two sets of alternators and compressors, 13a / 1 1a and 13b / 1 1b, which form two independent sets equivalent to two motor-compressors, MC1 and MC2, can be used in case of failure GAP. This avoids the addition of two other systems in relief. The reliability of the pinion coupling system is sufficient to meet safety requirements.

By extension and in the same way, if the GAP fails in flight - or to ensure the continuity of supply of compressed air during the start phase of the GAP - it is advantageous to use the motor-compressor systems MC1 or MC2 without starting the GAP 10. With reference to FIG. the MC1 motor-compressor system is operational, and the second MC2 motor-compressor ensures the launch of the GAP for its start-up.

It is thus possible to absorb electrical power during certain flight phases. Even if the GAP 10 is operational, additional power to that provided by the power turbine 4 is advantageously provided via alternators 13 and / or 13b converted into motor mode (starter function). The regulation of the GAP makes it possible to manage this type of load shedding to be supplied by the turbine 4.

The diagram of Figure 6 illustrates, as a power absorption architecture variant during the taxing and / or landing operations, the installation of a convertible alternator or additional DG 13c dedicated to this function. The reduction by a gear train on the transmission shaft 14c of the DG 13c, between the DG 13c and the shaft 5a of the GAP 10, is not shown in the diagram to avoid overloading the figure. The AF5 mechanical fuse protects the shafts against the presence of possible overcouples.

In the normal mode of traction demand of the engine of the train, the energy required for the movement of the aircraft is provided by the DG 13c generator mode (alternator) driven by the GAP 10. This energy is then transmitted to the electric motors of the wheels of the train.

In braking mode, the electric motors of the wheels are transformed into alternators. They then supply electrical energy (transmitted through known electrical power devices) to DG 13c converted to motor mode. This energy is transmitted through the fuse AF5 to the shaft 5a. The power supply requirement of the power turbine 4 is thereby reduced.

Another example of power absorption is illustrated by the diagram of Figure 7. In this example, the configuration shows a GAP 10 in connection with a recovery turbine 16a. The recovered power is transmitted on a power shaft 17 through a decoupling sleeve MD2 in the direction of the arrow F6, that is to say from the turbine 16a to a gear pinion P12 of the transmission housing 8 . This decoupler sleeve MD2 avoids driving the turbine 16a in case of non-production of power during different phases of use of the aircraft (eg open door). In addition, a freewheel RL5 transmits the power of the turbine shaft 17 to the pinion P12 which meshes with the pinions P5 and P4 of the motor-compressor MC1. The decoupler sleeve MD2 then makes it possible to avoid driving the turbine 16a in the event of failure of the free transmission wheel RL5. In addition, in case of failure of the GAP 10, the freewheel RL2 makes it possible not to drive the power turbine 4 by the motor-compressor unit MC1 or MC2.

If for safety reasons, a second recovery turbine 16b is required, the two recovery turbines 16a and 16b are symmetrically coupled to the two motor-compressor systems MC1 / MC2 in the housing 8: shafts 17/18, fuses MD2 / MD3, RL5 / RL6 freewheels, P12-P5-P4 / P13-P7-P6 sprockets.

The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown.

Thus, the arrangement of the box 8 is adaptable by the number of gears and reduction ratios.

The gearbox can be broken down into several parts: a main box with a series of power take-offs by motor-compressor unit, and a box by motor-compressor group, with or without recovery turbine. The convertible alternators and the compressors of the motor-compressors may be on the same shaft line, or, the compressor and the recovery turbine being on two lines, the alternator is integrated into the gearbox in the form of a removable cartridge. .

The position of the freewheels and fuses can also be adapted. Suitable clutches, for example centrifugal or electromechanical clutches, can replace the sleeves or freewheels. When the power turbine is a linked turbine, the two traversing shafts 5a and drive 5 are inherently linked

The architecture may have only one convertible alternator and only one charge compressor, that is to say a single motor-compressor. The compressed air supply system on aircraft can be provided by other means than those described. The redundancy of this main system can be ensured by an additional motor-compressor system, in order to meet the safety objectives.

Claims

1. A method of rationalizing the chain of electrical energy transmission components of an aircraft comprising a GAP auxiliary power unit (10), main engines and end-user equipment for electrical, pneumatic (ECS) or hydraulic energy, characterized in the GAP (10) supplies power delivered on a power shaft (5a, 5) by connection to at least one energy transformation group (MC1, MC2), via a power transmission housing (8), each transformation unit (MC1, MC2) comprising only a convertible electromechanical component starter / generator DG (13a, 13b) and an associated energy transformer (11a, 11b), and in that the power transmission is carried out from the or each transformation group (MC1, MC2) by direct connection, on the one hand, to the transmission housing (8) and, on the other hand, to the dedicated final equipment (ECS).

2. A method of rationalization according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the transformer group (MC1, MC2) and the GAP (10) is realized by coupling the power shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) on the DG (13a, 13b) starter / generator shaft (14a, 14b) via directional power communication (RL1, RL2, RL3) operating in one direction (F1, F2, F3) from the power shaft (5a) GAP (10) to the DG shaft (14a, 14b), the transmission being free or without drive communication in the other direction.

The method of rationalization according to claim 1, wherein the one or one of the DGs (13b) is configured to operate in motor mode during the start phase of the GAP (10), and then drive the GAP (10) via a communication of directional power (MD1) ranging from (F4) DG (13b) to GAP (10).

4. A rationalization method according to the preceding claim, wherein the DG (13b) then operating in motor mode is removably connected (P10) to the power shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) so that the Associated energy transformer (1 1 b) is not driven during the GAP start-up phase.

5. A method of rationalization according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a turbine energy recovery (16a, 16b), by heat exchange exhaust of hot gases at the output of pneumatic equipment and / or main motors, at least partially drives a transformer unit (MC1, MC2) by coupling in the power transmission housing (8) via at least one directional power communication (MD2, RL5) from the recovery turbine to the transformer unit ( MC1, MC2).

6. A method of rationalization according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or one of the transformer groups (MC1, MC2) is dedicated to taxing by supplying electrical energy in coupling with a motorization of landing gear of the and the other group (MC2, MC1) to the supply of energy according to the needs of the aircraft, the group dedicated to taxing being configured to operate in generator mode in connection with the power shaft of the GAP according to the traction demand of said motorization, and in power transformer drive motor mode (1 1 a, 1 1 b) associated when the train operator is converted into generator mode during the braking phases.

7. A method of rationalization according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an additional DG (13c) is dedicated to taxing and coupled to the shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) in the housing (8) for be driven by this shaft and operate in generator mode according to the traction demand of the train operator, and to operate in motor drive mode of the shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP itself in engine mode when the engine train is converted to generator mode during the braking phases.

8. Electromechanical architecture comprising components for transmitting electrical energy in an aircraft, capable of implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a GAP (10), a control unit (U1) in connection with at least one power electronics (EP1, EP2), a power transmission housing (8) by gear means between, on the one hand, the shafts (14a, 15a, 14b, 15b ) of at least one transformer group (MC1, MC2) integrating by transformer group a single DG (13a, 13b) convertible by the control unit (U1) and, on the other hand, a power shaft (5a, 5) of the power transmitting GAP (10), as well as direct electrical power links (LP1, LP2; R1, R2) to a final equipment ( ECS), each transformer group (MC1, MC2) being directly connected, on the one hand, to the power transmission box (8) and, on the other hand, to the dedicated final equipment (ECS).

9. Electromechanical architecture according to the preceding claim, wherein the power transmission is carried out in the transmission housing (8) by coupling the power shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) on the rotation shafts (14a). , 14b) of the DG starters / generators (13a, 13b) via directional power communication means (RL1, RL2, RL3) mounted on the power shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) and on the output shafts rotation (14a, 14b) of the DGs (13a, 13b).

10. Electromechanical architecture according to the preceding claim, wherein the directional power communication means are selected from a freewheel, a decoupling sleeve and a centrifugal or electromechanical clutch.

1 1. Electromechanical architecture according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the control unit (U1) is able to configure, during the start phase of the GAP (10), the DG (13b) of a transformer group (MC2 ) in motor mode and driving the shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) by coupling to this shaft via at least one directional power communication means (MD1).

12. Electromechanical architecture according to the preceding claim, wherein, during the GAP start phase, the driving of the shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) is performed by a coupling means (P10-P8) movable between the DG (13b) and the GAP shaft via at least one directional communication means (MD1), this coupling means (P10-P8) being able to simultaneously perform a decoupling between the DG (13b) and the transformer associated energy.

13. Electromechanical architecture according to one of claims 8 to 12, wherein an energy recovery turbine (16a, 16b), from heat exchangers at the output of pneumatic equipment and / or main engines, is coupled to at least one transformer group (MC1, MC2) in the transmission housing for driving it, in addition to the drive operated by the GAP shaft, via at least one directional power communication means (MD2, RL5; MD3, RL6), ranging from the recovery turbine (16a, 16b) to the transformer group (MC1, MC2).

14. Electromechanical architecture according to one of claims 8 to

13, in which one of the transformer groups (MC1), dedicated to the taxing by a coupling means (Ps) on at least one drive shaft of the landing gear motors of the aircraft, another group (MC2 ) being dedicated to the supply of energy according to the needs of the aircraft, is configured by the control unit (U1) in generator mode in addition to the drive operated by the shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP ( 10) according to the traction demand of said train engines, and in the power transformer drive motor mode (1 1 a) of this group when the train engines are converted into generator mode by the control unit (U1 ) during the braking phases.

15. Electromechanical architecture according to one of claims 8 to

14, in which an additional DG (13c), dedicated to taxing, is driven by the shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) by coupling in the transmission housing (8) and converted by the control unit ( U1) in generator mode to satisfy the traction demand of the train operator, and in drive motor mode of the shaft (5a, 5) of the GAP (10) when the control unit (U1) converts the motors train in generator mode during the braking phases.