EP2710164A2 - High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure, use of said cast iron for manufacturing structural components and structural component made of said cast iron - Google Patents

High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure, use of said cast iron for manufacturing structural components and structural component made of said cast iron

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Publication number
EP2710164A2
EP2710164A2 EP12726221.0A EP12726221A EP2710164A2 EP 2710164 A2 EP2710164 A2 EP 2710164A2 EP 12726221 A EP12726221 A EP 12726221A EP 2710164 A2 EP2710164 A2 EP 2710164A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cast iron
ranging
present
equal
iron according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12726221.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2710164B1 (en
Inventor
Gianluigi CASATI
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FONDERIA CASATI SpA
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FONDERIA CASATI SpA
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Priority to SI201230379T priority Critical patent/SI2710164T1/en
Priority to PL12726221T priority patent/PL2710164T3/en
Publication of EP2710164A2 publication Critical patent/EP2710164A2/en
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Publication of EP2710164B1 publication Critical patent/EP2710164B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the industry of construction ferroalloys, particularly to iron-carbon alloys such as cast irons and steels, and more in detail to a high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure with a chemical composition according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the recent technological developments have led the operating temperature reached by such pieces to increase till reaching values ranging about from 800°C to 1020°C.
  • the known alloys used for making these products, in the above operating temperature range, are usually two: high Nickel content cast iron or austenitic stainless Steels.
  • the high Nickel content cast iron is available on the market under the name Ni-Resist cast iron and it has an austenitic structure; several compositions of this type of cast iron are known, one that is particularly useful for the application field to which reference is made is that described in the document titled as "Ni-resist type D5S -an improved material for turbocharger housings" published in 1980.
  • the IS Steel generally has a yield strength (the temperature being equal) higher than NR cast iron; however it has also a considerably higher cost, about twice that of NR cast iron.
  • IS Steel at such temperature value has a quite high yield strength, equal to about 110 Mpa.
  • the temperature range is typically that of exhaust manifolds, turbines and turbo manifolds used in the "automotive" field, the problem described above is present.
  • the choice of the material with which to make the exhaust manifolds, turbines and turbo manifolds is quite complicated: on one hand, by selecting NR cast iron, cheap castings are obtained but they are easily subjected to damages, on the other hand, by selecting austenitic IS stainless Steel, reliable items are obtained but with a considerable high cost.
  • the present invention aims at overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the present invention aims at providing a material accomplishing the requirements set forth above.
  • a first object of the present invention is a high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure comprising the following ingredients in the following percentages (by weight, on the total amount):
  • Chrome (Cr) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
  • Molybdenum (Mo) ranging from 0,9% to 1,1%
  • Niobium (Nb) ranging from 0,3% to 0,5%
  • Nickel (Ni) ranging from 34% to 36%
  • Silicon (Si) ranging from 6,1% to 6,7%
  • Carbon (C) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
  • Tungsten (W) ranging from 0,5% to 0,7%
  • Manganese (Mn) ranging from 0,5% to 0,65%
  • the cast iron of the present invention comprises also Phosphorous and Copper in percentages that will be explained below.
  • a further object of the present invention is a component, particularly a structural component, made of said cast iron, in particular made by a casting process followed by one or more chip removal machining processes.
  • Still another object of the present invention is a turbo manifold for internal combustion engines (Otto or diesel engines) made of said cast iron.
  • Figure 1 is the trend of the yield strength as a function of temperature of a known type of cast iron and a Steel, it being known too;
  • Figure 2 is the trend of the yield strength of the cast iron according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is the comparison between yield strengths as a function of temperature of known materials and of the cast iron according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is the graph of UTS (ultimate tensile strength) of the cast iron according to the present invention.
  • the high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure according to the present invention comprises the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight:
  • Chrome (Cr) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
  • Molybdenum ranging from 0,9% to 1,1 %
  • Niobium (Nb) ranging from 0,3% to 0,5%
  • Nickel (Ni) ranging from 34% to 36%
  • Silicon (Si) ranging from 6,1 % to 6,7%
  • Carbon (C) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
  • Tungsten (W) ranging from 0,5% to 0,7%
  • Manganese (Mn) ranging from 0,5% to 0,65%
  • the high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure comprising, among other things, the above ingredients with the mentioned percentages has optimal mechanical properties, which are between those of NR cast iron described above and those of austenitic IS Stainless Steels mentioned above.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention has a cost intermediate between that of known NR cast iron and that of austenitic stainless steel, therefore having an interesting cost saving in comparison with austenitic Stainless Steel.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention essentially has all the best properties for overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above and for serving the function as a material for making turbo manifolds for internal combustion engines.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention has, in a temperature range from about 780°C to 840°C, a yield strength still higher than that of IS Steel, making it even preferable than the latter for specific applications in such temperature range.
  • Silicon is a graphitizing element and it moves the eutectic transformation to the left increasing the eutectic temperature; these two combined actions (the graphitizing action and movement of the eutectic curve) reduces the solidification range for a given carbon value.
  • Silicon is an Alphagene element and in the value range of the invention (from 6,1 to 6,7%) it moves the solidification of the alloy in the stable system (graphite and ferrite).
  • the carbon content of the eutectoid is reduced by the Silicon of about 0,1 % for each
  • Tungsten does not affect the formation of the austenitic matrix, since it combines with the graphite segregated by the Silicon and resulting in the formation of further very stable Tungsten carbides.
  • Nickel it has to be noted that it has a Gammagene effect and it reduces the critical points and the critical cooling speed, as well as it refines the perlite grain. Nickel, in the shown percentages, guarantees the stability of the cast iron matrix from ambient temperature to 1020°C and it does not generate carbides.
  • Chrome it is an Alphagene element and it is a high carbide forming element and it forms very thermally stable carbides.
  • the percentages of Chrome shown in the formulation of the cast iron according to the present invention guarantees the graphitization of the eutectic cementite and of perlite to slow down during a normal slow cooling.
  • a general improvement of mechanical properties can be obtained by adding from 1,6% to 2% about of Chrome according to the present invention, due to the strong stabilizing effect of perlite, exerted by Chrome, and to the removal of free perlite formed after the slow cooling.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention therefore shows an excellent stability at high temperature and a better corrosion resistance preventing scales from being formed helping the formation of the austenitic matrix.
  • Molybdenum in the percentages shown above, is the most effective element for improving the resistance of the cast iron according to the present invention and for improving its toughness.
  • Molybdenum forms intercrystalline carbides and it easily segregates together with chromes in eutectic phosphides.
  • molybdenum added in percentages from 0,9% to 1,1% improves the heat resistance and it provides a good wear resistance.
  • Niobium the fact of adding it in percentage from 0,3% to 0,5% into the formulation of the cast iron according to the present invention mainly aims at improving the mechanical properties thereof reducing the size of eutectic cells.
  • Tungsten in the percentages shown above, provides the cast iron according to the present invention with an optimal corrosion resistance and most of mineral acids affect it only weakly.
  • Tungsten considerably increases the hardness and the high melting temperature makes it a choice very suitable for structural applications subjected to high temperatures, such as those the present invention relates to, such as for instance turbo manifolds, exhaust manifolds for turbines in the "automotive" field or the like. Its high elastic modulus is exploited at low temperatures. Tungsten in percentages from about 0.5% to 0.7% provides a good creep resistance. Surprisingly (even if Tungsten is generally known and not recommended in this field due to its tendency to generate an excessive hardness and a low workability of the material) the applicant has noted that it, inserted in the cast iron according to the present invention, increases the presence of stable intergranular carbides that even more provides dimensional stability and stiffness at high temperatures.
  • Manganese in this formulation is also the gammagene element stabilizing pearlite and refining the pearlitic matrix.
  • the high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure according to the present invention further comprises the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight:
  • Niobium (Nb) equal to 0,4%
  • Molybdenum (Mo) 1
  • Nickel (Ni) equal to 36%
  • Silicon (Si) equal to 6,4%
  • Manganese (Mn) equal to 0,55%
  • the yield strength 1 of the cast iron according to the present invention is always higher than that of known NR cast iron.
  • the yield strength of the cast iron according to the present invention is even higher than that of the more expensive IS Steel, thus actually making the cast iron according to the present invention not only cheaper than Steel, but also more resistant as regards specific applications.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention has a yield strength lower than that of IS Steel, but still sufficient for making turbo manifolds and exhaust manifolds in the automotive field.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention is a privileged choice for making such mechanical components.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure comprising the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight: Chrome (Cr) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%, Molybdenum (Mo) ranging from 0,9% to 1,1%, Niobium (Nb) ranging from 0,3% to 0,5%, Nickel (Ni) ranging from 34% to 36%, Silicon (Si) ranging from 6,1% to 6,7%, Carbon (C) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%, Tungsten (W) ranging from 0,5% to 0,7%, Manganese (Mn) ranging from 0,5% to 0,65%; the present invention relates also to a structural component intended to operate in the temperature range of exhaust gases ranging from 920°C to 1020°C and particularly for exhaust manifolds, turbines and/or turbo manifolds for automotive industry.

Description

HIGH-ALLOY SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRON HAVING AN
AUSTENITIC STRUCTURE, USE OF SAID CAST IRON FOR
MANUFACTURING STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENT MADE OF SAID CAST IRON
DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the industry of construction ferroalloys, particularly to iron-carbon alloys such as cast irons and steels, and more in detail to a high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure with a chemical composition according to the preamble of claim 1.
PRIOR ART
In the current prior art a great number of iron-carbon alloys are known, each one characterized (shortly) by its own cost, workability and mechanical properties.
In particular, as regards mechanical properties, it is known that, other factors being equal, they considerably change as the temperature changes.
Therefore the choice of the ferroalloy with which to make a mechanical piece or a structural component is usually made even depending on the operating temperature taken by such structural component during its operational use.
On the other hand even the designing of a mechanical device is affected by such restrictions, since for example it is not possible to contemplate reaching specific temperatures, otherwise the component will break.
In all these circumstances the choice of the material poses serious design problems since it is necessary to alternatively prefer reliability or cheapness, since usually it is not possible to have both of them.
A concrete example, in that sense, is the field of exhaust manifolds and turbines for motor vehicles, as well as turbo manifolds (such technical field is English is often identified by the general term "automotive").
The recent technological developments have led the operating temperature reached by such pieces to increase till reaching values ranging about from 800°C to 1020°C. The known alloys used for making these products, in the above operating temperature range, are usually two: high Nickel content cast iron or austenitic stainless Steels. The high Nickel content cast iron is available on the market under the name Ni-Resist cast iron and it has an austenitic structure; several compositions of this type of cast iron are known, one that is particularly useful for the application field to which reference is made is that described in the document titled as "Ni-resist type D5S -an improved material for turbocharger housings" published in 1980.
In order to understand the change in the mechanical properties of such cast iron and of the austenitic Steel as a function of temperature, reference is made to the annexed figure 1, wherein the abscissa represents Temperature in [°C], the ordinate represents the stress in [MegaPascal, Mpa] and the two graphs of the trend of the yield strength of cast iron EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-2 "Ni-Resist D5S" (indicated as NR) and of AISI 309S Steel (indicated as IS).
As it can be clearly seen in the graph the IS Steel generally has a yield strength (the temperature being equal) higher than NR cast iron; however it has also a considerably higher cost, about twice that of NR cast iron.
In the temperature range from 940°C to 980°C NR cast iron has a sharp drop of the yield strength: at 940°C the yield strength of the cast iron is equal to about 35 Mpa (TAB.l) and exceeding this temperature the yield strength drops to zero, actually making the cast iron not more usable in the field of interest starting from 940°C.
On the contrary, IS Steel, at such temperature value has a quite high yield strength, equal to about 110 Mpa.
Since the temperature range is typically that of exhaust manifolds, turbines and turbo manifolds used in the "automotive" field, the problem described above is present. In the temperature range from 900°C to 1020°C, the choice of the material with which to make the exhaust manifolds, turbines and turbo manifolds is quite complicated: on one hand, by selecting NR cast iron, cheap castings are obtained but they are easily subjected to damages, on the other hand, by selecting austenitic IS stainless Steel, reliable items are obtained but with a considerable high cost. It has to be noted, incidentally, that for such products, the yield strength of austenitic IS stainless Steel has a value considerably higher than that required by the specifications of the several manufacturers, with the consequence that the use of austenitic stainless Steel appears to be unreasonable with respect to the real mechanical requirements of exhaust manifolds, turbines and turbo manifolds but it is the only feasible way if one desires to avoid an early braking of such pieces.
Therefore in the current prior art there is the need of having available a material that is cheap to be made and to be worked and having good mechanical properties (e.g. a good yield strength) at the temperatures ranging from 900°C to 1020°C.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention aims at overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.
Particularly, the present invention aims at providing a material accomplishing the requirements set forth above.
A first object of the present invention is a high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure comprising the following ingredients in the following percentages (by weight, on the total amount):
Chrome (Cr) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
Molybdenum (Mo) ranging from 0,9% to 1,1%
Niobium (Nb) ranging from 0,3% to 0,5%
Nickel (Ni) ranging from 34% to 36%
Silicon (Si) ranging from 6,1% to 6,7%
Carbon (C) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
Tungsten (W) ranging from 0,5% to 0,7%
Manganese (Mn) ranging from 0,5% to 0,65%
Optionally, in an advantageous variant, the cast iron of the present invention comprises also Phosphorous and Copper in percentages that will be explained below. A further object of the present invention is a component, particularly a structural component, made of said cast iron, in particular made by a casting process followed by one or more chip removal machining processes. Still another object of the present invention is a turbo manifold for internal combustion engines (Otto or diesel engines) made of said cast iron.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be described below with reference to non-limiting examples, provided by way of example and not as a limitation in the annexed drawings. These drawings show different characteristics of the present invention, and particularly: Figure 1 is the trend of the yield strength as a function of temperature of a known type of cast iron and a Steel, it being known too;
Figure 2 is the trend of the yield strength of the cast iron according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is the comparison between yield strengths as a function of temperature of known materials and of the cast iron according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is the graph of UTS (ultimate tensile strength) of the cast iron according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure according to the present invention comprises the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight:
Chrome (Cr) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
Molybdenum ranging from 0,9% to 1,1 %
Niobium (Nb) ranging from 0,3% to 0,5%
Nickel (Ni) ranging from 34% to 36%
Silicon (Si) ranging from 6,1 % to 6,7%
Carbon (C) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
Tungsten (W) ranging from 0,5% to 0,7%
Manganese (Mn) ranging from 0,5% to 0,65%
The applicant surprisingly has found that the high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure comprising, among other things, the above ingredients with the mentioned percentages has optimal mechanical properties, which are between those of NR cast iron described above and those of austenitic IS Stainless Steels mentioned above.
Advantageously, moreover, the cast iron according to the present invention has a cost intermediate between that of known NR cast iron and that of austenitic stainless steel, therefore having an interesting cost saving in comparison with austenitic Stainless Steel.
The cast iron according to the present invention essentially has all the best properties for overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above and for serving the function as a material for making turbo manifolds for internal combustion engines.
It has to be noted from now on that the cast iron according to the present invention has, in a temperature range from about 780°C to 840°C, a yield strength still higher than that of IS Steel, making it even preferable than the latter for specific applications in such temperature range.
Silicon is a graphitizing element and it moves the eutectic transformation to the left increasing the eutectic temperature; these two combined actions (the graphitizing action and movement of the eutectic curve) reduces the solidification range for a given carbon value.
Moreover, Silicon is an Alphagene element and in the value range of the invention (from 6,1 to 6,7%) it moves the solidification of the alloy in the stable system (graphite and ferrite).
Moreover it reduces the stability of eutectic and pearlitic carbide.
The carbon content of the eutectoid is reduced by the Silicon of about 0,1 % for each
1% increase of Silicon (Tstable= 1154°C+4*Si-2*Mn -30*P; Tmetastable = 1147°C-
10*Si-30*P+30*Cr).
Therefore, in plain words, it is possible to say that therefore the fact of adding Silicon in the shown percentages gives a high dimensional stability at high temperatures and a better acid corrosion resistance; in the percentages shown above it improves also hot scaling (oxidation loss). It has to be noted here also that, in principle, the provision of Silicon with values higher than 6% by weight would be unadvisable in an austenitic cast iron, on the basis of the available scientific literature.
This derives from the fact that Silicon notoriously is an alphagene element, which promotes the formation of stable ferrite, opposing the formation of austenite, therefore in a cast iron with austenitic matrix as the one of the present invention it would be contrasting.
The applicant has surprisingly noted that the contemporaneous presence of Tungsten does not affect the formation of the austenitic matrix, since it combines with the graphite segregated by the Silicon and resulting in the formation of further very stable Tungsten carbides.
As regards Nickel, it has to be noted that it has a Gammagene effect and it reduces the critical points and the critical cooling speed, as well as it refines the perlite grain. Nickel, in the shown percentages, guarantees the stability of the cast iron matrix from ambient temperature to 1020°C and it does not generate carbides.
As regards Chrome, it is an Alphagene element and it is a high carbide forming element and it forms very thermally stable carbides.
The percentages of Chrome shown in the formulation of the cast iron according to the present invention guarantees the graphitization of the eutectic cementite and of perlite to slow down during a normal slow cooling.
With Chrome exceeding 1 % carbides are formed.
A general improvement of mechanical properties can be obtained by adding from 1,6% to 2% about of Chrome according to the present invention, due to the strong stabilizing effect of perlite, exerted by Chrome, and to the removal of free perlite formed after the slow cooling.
This effect of the Chrome results in an increase in hardness and wear resistance of cast iron. The cast iron according to the present invention therefore shows an excellent stability at high temperature and a better corrosion resistance preventing scales from being formed helping the formation of the austenitic matrix.
Molybdenum, in the percentages shown above, is the most effective element for improving the resistance of the cast iron according to the present invention and for improving its toughness.
In the percentage of about 1% (from 0.9% to 1.1%) it advantageously has the effect of stabilizing the perlite and of improving the structural uniformity, which, consequently, increases the resistance and the hardness.
Molybdenum forms intercrystalline carbides and it easily segregates together with chromes in eutectic phosphides.
Moreover molybdenum added in percentages from 0,9% to 1,1% improves the heat resistance and it provides a good wear resistance.
As regards on the contrary Niobium the fact of adding it in percentage from 0,3% to 0,5% into the formulation of the cast iron according to the present invention mainly aims at improving the mechanical properties thereof reducing the size of eutectic cells.
In addition it reduces the tendency of carbide formation due to the reduction of undercooling and the increase in the number of eutectic cells and it opposes advantageously the precipitations of Chrome carbides that cause ductility to be reduced.
Tungsten, in the percentages shown above, provides the cast iron according to the present invention with an optimal corrosion resistance and most of mineral acids affect it only weakly.
Tungsten considerably increases the hardness and the high melting temperature makes it a choice very suitable for structural applications subjected to high temperatures, such as those the present invention relates to, such as for instance turbo manifolds, exhaust manifolds for turbines in the "automotive" field or the like. Its high elastic modulus is exploited at low temperatures. Tungsten in percentages from about 0.5% to 0.7% provides a good creep resistance. Surprisingly (even if Tungsten is generally known and not recommended in this field due to its tendency to generate an excessive hardness and a low workability of the material) the applicant has noted that it, inserted in the cast iron according to the present invention, increases the presence of stable intergranular carbides that even more provides dimensional stability and stiffness at high temperatures.
The undesired effect related to the presence of Tungsten in the cast iron according to the present invention and related to the excessive surface hardness has been brilliantly overcome by the applicant by inserting in the formulation according to the present invention Silicon in the shown percentages, which, by having a graphitizing function, helps in segregating the free graphite increasing workability characteristics. Finally, as regards Manganese, in the percentages from 0,5% to 0,65% it advantageously acts as a strong austenite stabilizer; it has to be noted incidentally that Manganese in higher amounts combines with carbon in the form of Mn3C, isomorphous carbide, similar to cementite, and therefore it has to be avoided.
Manganese in this formulation, is also the gammagene element stabilizing pearlite and refining the pearlitic matrix.
Optionally, moreover, the high-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure according to the present invention further comprises the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight:
Phosphorus (P) < 0,1%
Copper (Cu) < 0,1%
The advantages deriving from the cast iron of the present invention can be immediately found also from the analysis of the annexed figure 2, wherein the abscissa represents Temperature in [°C], the ordinate represents the mechanical stress in [MegaPascal, Mpa] and wherein the yield strength of the cast iron according to the present invention is shown. As it can be immediately seen the trend of the yield strength of the cast iron 1 according to the present invention, in the temperature range from 850°C to 980°C is considerably higher than that of the known NR cast iron.
Such comparison between the yield strength 1 of the cast iron according to the present invention, NR cast iron and IS Steel described above is shown in the graph of figure 3, that goes back to graphs of figures 1 and 2 and it sums them together in a single overview.
The test has been carried out on a specimen of the cast iron according to the present invention having the following ingredients in the following exact percentages by weight:
Niobium (Nb) equal to 0,4%
Carbon (C) equal to 1,7%
Chrome (Cr) equal to 2,0%
Molybdenum (Mo) equal to 1,0%
Nickel (Ni) equal to 36%
Silicon (Si) equal to 6,4%
Tungsten (W) equal to 0,6%
Manganese (Mn) equal to 0,55%
It has to be noted that these values are even the best one as regards the composition of the cast iron of the present invention, since they have the best balance between manufacturing costs and mechanical properties, especially as regards the temperature range and the applications in the automotive field to which reference is made not as a limitation.
The values that have been found, in addition to being visible in the graph of figure 3, are even put in Tab.l below. Yield Strenght [Mpa]
Temperatures [°C]
Invention AISI 309S EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-2
20 493 621 480
200 461 531
400 458 510
600 348 414 325
800 203 186 155
900 82 54
940 78 no 35
980 63
1020 45 59
Tab.l
Incidentally it has to be noted that, in the range temperature from 780°C to 1020°C and denoted as INT (a) of figure 3, the yield strength 1 of the cast iron according to the present invention is always higher than that of known NR cast iron.
It has to be noted even that in the range temperature from 780°C to 840°C, denoted by INT(b) in figure 3, the yield strength of the cast iron according to the present invention is even higher than that of the more expensive IS Steel, thus actually making the cast iron according to the present invention not only cheaper than Steel, but also more resistant as regards specific applications.
Finally in the temperature range above 980°C, denoted by INT(c) in figure 3, the cast iron according to the present invention has a yield strength lower than that of IS Steel, but still sufficient for making turbo manifolds and exhaust manifolds in the automotive field.
In this INT(c) range the NR cast iron is completely useless, since its yield strength is equal to about zero, while Steel has, in addition to a considerably higher cost, even mechanical properties exceeding the performances required by a normal turbo manifold.
Therefore in this way it is possible to say that the cast iron according to the present invention is a privileged choice for making such mechanical components.
In addition, even further analyses on the cast iron according to the present invention have confirmed this condition of things, and they have shown that it has also a good behavior as regards UTS (ultimate tensile strength) as a function of temperature, such as shown in the annexed figure 4 wherein the abscissa represents the temperature at which the specimen is subjected, measured in [C°], the ordinate represents the axial force to which the cylindrical specimen is subjected in MegaPascal [Mpa].
Therefore from the above it is easy to understand how the use of the cast iron according to the present invention for making structural components intended to be used at high temperature is optimal as regards several perspectives: both the cost one and mechanical property one.
In this way therefore it is possible to envisage to advantageously make exhaust manifolds, turbines and turbo manifolds of Otto or diesel engines with peak temperatures of the exhaust gases ranging from 950°C to 1020 °C by the cast iron according to the present invention: mechanical stresses to which they are subjected are widely withstandable by the material in question, and the manufacturing cost is low with respect to austenitic Stainless Steel.
Obviously a person skilled in the art can provide to add further ingredients with respect to those shown above, possibly in order to improve other mechanical properties or in order to suit the behavior to particular operating conditions of the structural components, without departing from the protecting scope of the present invention.
Still, the person skilled in the art can provide to slightly change the percentage ranges described above and claimed below, obtaining a cast iron equal to the one just described and therefore without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure
characterized in that
it comprises the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight:
Chrome (Cr) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
Molybdenum (Mo) ranging from 0,9% to 1,1 %
Niobium (Nb) ranging from 0,3 % to 0,5 %
Nickel (Ni) ranging from 34 % to 36 %
Silicon (Si) ranging from 6,1 % to 6,7%
Carbon (C) ranging from 1,6% to 2,0%
Tungsten (W) ranging from 0,5% to 0,7%
Manganese (Mn) ranging from 0,5% to 0,65%.
2. Cast iron according to the preceding claim, comprising the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight:
Niobium (Nb) equal to 0.4%
Carbon (C) equal to 1.7%
Chrome (Cr) equal to 2,0%
Molybdenum (Mo) equal to 1,0%
Nickel (Ni) equal to 36%
Silicon (Si) equal to 6.4%
Tungsten (W) equal to 0.6%
Manganese (Mn) equal to 0.55%
3. Cast iron according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising the following ingredients in the following percentages by weight:
Phosphorus (P) < 0,1%
Copper (Cu) < 0,1%.
4. Use of a cast iron according to any of the preceding claims for manufacturing a structural component made at least in part by a casting process.
5. Structural component characterized in that it comprises at least a portion made of a cast iron according to one or more of the preceding claims.
6. Exhaust manifold, turbine or turbo manifold for an internal combustion engine characterized in that at least in part it is made of a cast iron according to one or more of the preceding claims.
EP12726221.0A 2011-05-17 2012-05-15 High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure, use of said cast iron for manufacturing structural components and structural component made of said cast iron Not-in-force EP2710164B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201230379T SI2710164T1 (en) 2011-05-17 2012-05-15 High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure, use of said cast iron for manufacturing structural components and structural component made of said cast iron
PL12726221T PL2710164T3 (en) 2011-05-17 2012-05-15 High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure, use of said cast iron for manufacturing structural components and structural component made of said cast iron

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000861A ITMI20110861A1 (en) 2011-05-17 2011-05-17 GRAPHITE CAST IRON WITH HIGH BINDER CONTENT WITH AUSTENITICAL STRUCTURE, USE OF SUCH CAST IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENT MADE WITH ITS CAST IRON
PCT/IB2012/052429 WO2012156910A2 (en) 2011-05-17 2012-05-15 High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure, use of said cast iron for manufacturing structural components and structural component made of said cast iron

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2710164A2 true EP2710164A2 (en) 2014-03-26
EP2710164B1 EP2710164B1 (en) 2015-09-09

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12726221.0A Not-in-force EP2710164B1 (en) 2011-05-17 2012-05-15 High-alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron having an austenitic structure, use of said cast iron for manufacturing structural components and structural component made of said cast iron

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2710164B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103687972A (en)
BR (1) BR112013029563A2 (en)
ES (1) ES2555481T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE028165T2 (en)
IT (1) ITMI20110861A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2710164T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2710164E (en)
RS (1) RS54426B1 (en)
SI (1) SI2710164T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012156910A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018036757A1 (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-01 Continental Automotive Gmbh Iron material for high-temperature-resistant bearing bushings, bearing bushing made of said material, and turbocharger having such a bearing bushing

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103952616B (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-08-26 吉首长潭泵业有限公司 Corrosion and wear resistant alloy cast iron preparation method
CN104561752A (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-04-29 山东滨州渤海活塞股份有限公司 Rare refractory metal-enhancing austenitic cast iron material for pistons, and preparation method of rare refractory metal-enhancing austenitic cast iron material

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1928639B1 (en) * 1969-06-06 1970-10-22 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Process for the heat treatment of a nickel-containing austenitic cast iron material with increased creep strength
JPS619550A (en) * 1984-06-22 1986-01-17 Ebara Corp Apparatus made of austenite cast iron having resistance to stress corrosion cracking
JPS619584A (en) * 1984-06-22 1986-01-17 Ebara Corp Method for preventing stress corrosion cracking of apparatus made of austenite cast iron
EP1652949A4 (en) * 2003-07-18 2008-06-25 Hitachi Metals Ltd Austenite heat-resistant spheroidal graphite cast iron
JP5232620B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2013-07-10 三菱重工業株式会社 Spheroidal graphite cast iron

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012156910A2 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018036757A1 (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-01 Continental Automotive Gmbh Iron material for high-temperature-resistant bearing bushings, bearing bushing made of said material, and turbocharger having such a bearing bushing
US11111819B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2021-09-07 Cpt Group Gmbh Iron material for high-temperature-resistant bearing bushings, bearing bushing made of said material, and turbocharger having such a bearing bushing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112013029563A2 (en) 2017-03-21
PL2710164T3 (en) 2016-05-31
CN103687972A (en) 2014-03-26
WO2012156910A2 (en) 2012-11-22
HUE028165T2 (en) 2016-12-28
WO2012156910A3 (en) 2013-01-10
EP2710164B1 (en) 2015-09-09
ES2555481T3 (en) 2016-01-04
PT2710164E (en) 2015-12-28
RS54426B1 (en) 2016-04-28
ITMI20110861A1 (en) 2012-11-18
SI2710164T1 (en) 2016-02-29

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