EP2697794A1 - Evaluation of the voice quality of a coded speech signal - Google Patents
Evaluation of the voice quality of a coded speech signalInfo
- Publication number
- EP2697794A1 EP2697794A1 EP12718296.2A EP12718296A EP2697794A1 EP 2697794 A1 EP2697794 A1 EP 2697794A1 EP 12718296 A EP12718296 A EP 12718296A EP 2697794 A1 EP2697794 A1 EP 2697794A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- indicator
- speech signal
- signal
- evaluation
- determining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003066 decision tree Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004283 Sodium sorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102100030393 G-patch domain and KOW motifs-containing protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101150090280 MOS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100401568 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) MIC10 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/48—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use
- G10L25/69—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for evaluating synthetic or decoded voice signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
- H04M3/2236—Quality of speech transmission monitoring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/03—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters
- G10L25/12—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters the extracted parameters being prediction coefficients
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and device for determining a voice quality indicator of a coded speech signal in a telecommunication system.
- the invention applies generally to the field of telecommunications and more particularly to the measurement of the transmission quality of a speech signal transmitted during a telephone call through a communication network, for example a mobile network or a switched network or packet network telephony network.
- a communication network for example a mobile network or a switched network or packet network telephony network.
- Intrusive methods include transmitting a reference signal at one end of the link near the transmitting terminal and recording the degraded reference signal received at another end of the link near the receiving terminal.
- the comparison between the reference signal and the degraded reference signal makes it possible to obtain an estimate of the quality of the transmission. Most often, the result of this estimate is the attribution of a so-called MOS score for "Mean Opinion score".
- the quality measurement signals of these intrusive methods overload the communication network and must therefore be limited in number. In addition, these signals do not correspond to real calls.
- Non-intrusive methods consist in measuring, at a point in the link, data concerning the coded speech signal transmitted between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal and evaluating a quality score based on these data.
- a non-intrusive method is for example described in Malfait L, Berger J. and Kastner M., P.563-The ITU-T Standard for Single-Ended Speech Quality Assessment, IEEE Transaction on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, flight. 14 (6), p. 1924-1934, (2006).
- This method is based on the reconstitution of the audio signal itself before degradation from the transmitted degraded audio signal and psychoacoustic models to obtain a grade of quality from the reconstituted audio signal.
- This method is however complex and consumes a lot of computing power. Because of its complexity, this method can not be implemented in any type of network or terminal and is therefore very little used.
- the present invention improves the situation. To this end, it proposes a method for determining an indicator for evaluating the voice quality of a coded speech signal. This process is such that it comprises the following steps:
- the quality evaluation indicator is obtained from a degraded signal recoded in a simple manner.
- This method is based on the principle that when recoding an already coded signal, the coding error committed during recoding is lower than during the first coding and depends on the type of coder used. This recoding error will thus make it possible to obtain an indicator revealing the level of degradation obtained on the signal and thus its voice quality.
- the method further comprises a step of determining an attack in the reconstructed signal, the calculation of the indicator being effected in addition according to the attack thus determined.
- the attack thus determined makes it possible to overcome the differences between different languages used for the speech signal. This allows the indicator to be weighted by the attack reflecting a particular language and thus normalizing this indicator for different languages.
- the method is implemented on speech activity signal frames detected by the implementation of a prior voice activity detection step.
- the present invention can be applied in a first possible application to a method for evaluating the voice quality of a coded speech signal which comprises a step of determining an evaluation indicator according to the method described above and a step of comparing the determined indicator with at least one predetermined threshold to define an evaluation score.
- a single indicator is useful for evaluating the voice quality of the encoded signal.
- One or more predetermined thresholds could be previously stored for example by an experimental approach.
- the evaluation score is determined according to a relationship dependent on the comparison of the indicator with a threshold.
- the present invention can be applied to a method of identifying a coding class performed on a coded speech signal, which includes a step of determining a method-compliant evaluation flag. described above and a step of comparing the determined indicator with at least one predetermined threshold to define a coding class.
- Recoding the coded audio signal thus makes it possible to retrieve the characteristics of the coding and therefore a predetermined class of coding.
- Different types of coding may have been previously identified based on indicator thresholds.
- the determination of a coding class is performed by a decision tree with several thresholds.
- the present invention also provides a device for determining an indicator for evaluating the voice quality of a coded speech signal.
- the device is such that it comprises:
- a signal frame calculation module of a predetermined number of coefficients of a linear prediction filter of the encoded speech signal;
- a frame determination module of a reconstructed speech signal from the thus calculated coefficients of the filter;
- This device has the same advantages as the method described above, which it implements.
- the present invention also relates to a measurement terminal comprising a device for determining an evaluation indicator as described, means for comparing this indicator to at least one predetermined threshold and means for determining an evaluation score. according to the result of the comparison or comprising a device for determining an evaluation indicator as described, means for comparing this indicator to at least one predetermined threshold and means for identifying a coding class in depending on the result of the comparison to implement the different applications mentioned above.
- This measurement terminal may be of the evaluation probe type, supervision device, server or even communication terminal.
- the invention relates to a computer program comprising code instructions for implementing the steps of the method for determining an indicator and / or an evaluation method and / or a method for identifying a encoding class as described above, when these instructions are executed by a processor.
- the invention relates to a storage medium, readable by a processor, integrated or not integrated into the device or terminal, possibly removable, storing a computer program implementing a method of determination, evaluation or identification such that previously described.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system and a measurement terminal in which a device for determining an indicator for evaluating the voice quality of a coded speech signal according to one embodiment of the invention is integrated;
- Fig. 2 illustrates a flowchart showing the steps of a method of determining a voice quality evaluation flag according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of the steps implemented for an evaluation application according to the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the value of an evaluation score as a function of the indicator obtained according to the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates the performance of an evaluation according to the invention as a function of an evaluation made in a subjective way, that is to say by a human
- FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart representing the steps implemented for an identification application of a coding class according to the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates a decision tree implemented for an identification application of a coding class according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a communication system in which a transmitting terminal 130a communicates with a receiving terminal 130b through a communication network 131, for example a mobile telephone network or a switched network or packet network telephony network.
- the voice signal is transmitted through the network in coded form.
- the type of coding used for this speech signal differs depending on the sending and receiving terminals or on the network.
- the coding may for example be of the speech coding type standardized in ITU G.729 or G.726, G.711 or of the GSM-FR, IS-54 (2G standard used in North America) type, JD-HR (standard used in Japan), MNRU (for "Modulated Noise Reference Unit "in English of ITU P.810) or other types of speech coding.
- This coded signal is recovered on the network by a measurement terminal which may be a measurement probe, a supervisory device on the network or another terminal capable of recovering this signal without hindering the current communication.
- This measurement terminal referenced 100 comprises a processor ( ⁇ ) referenced 125 cooperating with a memory block 126 having a storage and / or working memory MEM.
- the memory block may advantageously comprise a computer program comprising code instructions for implementing the steps of the method for determining a voice quality evaluation indicator within the meaning of the invention, when these instructions are executed by the user.
- processor and in particular the steps of calculation by signal frame, of a predetermined number of coefficients of a linear prediction filter of the coded speech signal, of determination by frame, of a reconstructed speech signal starting from the coefficients of the filter thus calculated, obtaining by sample, the residue between the coded speech signal and the reconstructed speech signal and calculation of an evaluation indicator from the average of the absolute value of the residues obtained for all the samples.
- FIG. 2 repeats the steps of an algorithm of such a computer program.
- the computer program can also be stored on a memory medium readable by a reader of the device or downloadable in the memory space thereof.
- Such a measurement terminal is able to recover the coded speech signal x (i) which can be degraded according to the quality of the coding or the transmission quality in the communication network.
- the measurement terminal comprises a device 110 for determining a voice quality evaluation indicator within the meaning of the invention, comprising software modules able to implement the method according to the invention and as described later with reference in Figure 2.
- the device 110 thus comprises:
- the device 110 calculates in a first step the coefficients of a prediction filter, from the coded signal.
- This prediction filter will be used to recode the coded signal and thus determine a reconstructed speech signal.
- This reconstructed speech signal is also degraded by the coding and to a lesser extent than the initial coding. From this recoded signal, it is then possible to evaluate the degradation obtained and thus to evaluate the quality of coding.
- This flag is used both to define a coding quality level and to identify a coding class.
- the measurement terminal may also include a voice activity detection module DAV referenced 115 for discriminating the active speech areas and the silence zones. The determination of the indicator according to the invention is then performed on the discriminated active speech areas.
- DAV voice activity detection module
- the terminal 100 may also include a module 116 for determining an attack in the reconstructed signal. Depending on whether the speech signal is expressed in one language or another, an attack on the signal will have different and language-specific characteristics.
- This indicator is then compared to one or more thresholds that may have been determined empirically. The comparison is made by a comparator module 120. Depending on the application made of this indicator, the comparison with one or more thresholds will make it possible to determine a rating of the quality MOS of the signal coded by the module 121 or a coding class determined by the module 122. Indeed, different types of coding may have been classified in advance, according to criteria of greater or lesser quality. It is then possible to classify these different types of coding by quality group.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the main steps implemented by the device 110 of the invention. These steps are now explained in more detail.
- step E201 voice activity detection may optionally be performed.
- Voice activity detection discriminates active speech areas and silence zones in the coded signal.
- the voice activity detection method is by example the method as described in Appendix B of ITU-T Rec.G729 "Coding of speech at 8kbit / s using conjugate-structure algebraic-code-excited linear prediction" (CS-ACELP), 2007.
- step E202 determines a predetermined number of coefficients of a prediction filter LPC (for "Linear Predictive Coding").
- LPC Linear Predictive Coding
- the order of the filter is equal to ten and ten coefficients are thus determined.
- a reconstructed signal is calculated sample by sample and by signal frame according to the following formula:
- y (i) -a (2) xx (i - 1) - a (3) xx (i - 2) - ... - a (p + V) xx (i - p) (1) with the signal reconstructed for the sample i in a signal frame of N samples, x (i) the speech signal coded for the sample i, has the coefficients LPC and p the order of the coefficients LPC.
- the reconstructed signal y (i) is therefore a "recoded" speech signal. This recoding makes it possible to obtain a lower degradation than that obtained during the first coding.
- the coding makes it possible to approach the real signal to a model. By forcing the signal to approach the model, an error is generated. However, once the signal has been coded once, the distance to the simplified model used here (10-coefficient LPC) is smaller than that with the original signal.
- This "recoding" degradation makes it possible to evaluate the quality of this recoding and to also determine a classification information of this coding.
- Step E204 consists of determining the residue between the coded and therefore degraded speech signal and the reconstructed signal, for all the samples, according to the following relation:
- an attack on the reconstructed signal is determined.
- the attack corresponds to a change of energy of the speech signal.
- the time of an attack on a signal is indicative of the language used for the speech signal.
- One way to determine this attack on the reconstructed signal is to perform a first derivative of the reconstructed signal.
- the attack is then determined as the average of the absolute value of the first derivative of the reconstructed signal, according to the following equation:
- the first derivative makes it possible to compensate for the difference in LPC coding error as a function of the different languages used. Indeed, the predictive coding is for example more adapted to the language French only to Japanese language. The indicator "attack" of the signal compensates for these disparities of language.
- step E206 the indicator for evaluating the voice quality of the coded signal is determined.
- this indicator corresponds to the average of the absolute value of the residues obtained for all the samples.
- Ind att (4)
- the indicator is thus independent of the language used.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the steps implemented to determine a quality score of the coded signal.
- a step E300 the indicator thus obtained is compared with a threshold S.
- this threshold is, for example, set at 0.45.
- the sound database used for these tests is that defined in the I1TU-T series P, Supplement 23, "Telephone transmission quality, Telephone Installations, local line networks", (1998).
- This base consists of signals coded according to different speech coders of the G.729, G.726, G.728, G.711, GSM-FR, IS-54, JD-HR, MNRU type, the speakers of these signaling signals. speech use different languages (French, English, American, Japanese).
- the indicators according to the invention have been calculated for the 44 coding and transcoding conditions of this sound base.
- the means of the 44 indicators are represented in FIG. 4 according to the corresponding voice quality ratings known for these signals (MOS-LQSN (for "Mean Opinion Score of Listening Quality Subjective Narrowband").
- step E300 if step E300 reveals that the value of the indicator Ind is below the threshold of 0.45, the voice quality score is then determined according to a first relation MOS1.
- This first relationship is linear.
- MOS2 which is a polynomial relation, as shown in FIG.
- MOS-LQON for "Mean Opinion Score of Listening Quality Objective Narrowband” in English
- the evaluation thus obtained by the indicator according to the invention has good performance as illustrated with reference to FIG. 5.
- This figure illustrates the correlation between the objective measurements performed according to the invention (MOS-LQON) and the existing subjective measurements. for the same signals (MOS-LQSN).
- FIG. 6 illustrates the steps implemented to determine a coding class used for the coded signal.
- a decision tree illustrated in Figure 7 groups different types of coding and transcoding in six different classes according to the evaluation indicator obtained.
- a first threshold SI equal to 0.59 makes it possible to differentiate the MNRU type encodings (5, 10 and 15) listed in class 5.
- the indicator is greater than SI, the coding class identified is class 5.
- the numbers associated with the MNRU codings represent the various coding levels that are more or less powerful.
- a second threshold S2 is 0.45. If the indicator is between the threshold S1 and S2, that is to say greater than S2 in step E602 of FIG. 6, then the coding class identified is class 1 grouping the type G codings. 711, G.726, G726 * 4, MNRU30, MNRU20, G.728. These types of coding or transcoding degrade the voice signal.
- a third threshold S3 has the value 0.39.
- the encoding or transcoding class identified is class 2 grouping GSMFR, MNRU50 or G.729-G transcoding encodings. .726, G.729-G.728.
- a fourth threshold S4 has the value 0.32.
- the coding class or the Transcoding identified is class 3 grouping type G.729, JDC-HR, IS54 or G.726-G729, GSMFR-G.729, GSMFR-IS54, G.728-G.729, GSMFR-G .728-G.729.
- the coding class identified is class 4 listing the codings which strongly degrade the quality of coding, that is to say in the example cited here, the G.729 * 2, G.729 * 3 type encodings and the G.729 * 2-IS54, JDCHR-G.729, G.729 * 2-GSMFR transcodings.
- the multiplications associated with the coding types represent the number of transcoding performed (coding / recoding). For example, G.729 * 2 means that there was a G.729 encoding and then a decoding and again a G.729 encoding.
- All these types of coding are obviously examples of coding.
- Other types of coding or other coding classes may be provided.
- the indicator determined according to the invention is then compared with thresholds adapted to these other types of coding or transcoding or to other coding classes.
- a strong degradation of the signal may for example be due not to the last coding that has occurred but to a coding chain that the indicator will identify.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1153129A FR2973923A1 (en) | 2011-04-11 | 2011-04-11 | EVALUATION OF THE VOICE QUALITY OF A CODE SPEECH SIGNAL |
PCT/FR2012/050724 WO2012140347A1 (en) | 2011-04-11 | 2012-04-04 | Evaluation of the voice quality of a coded speech signal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2697794A1 true EP2697794A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
Family
ID=46025782
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12718296.2A Withdrawn EP2697794A1 (en) | 2011-04-11 | 2012-04-04 | Evaluation of the voice quality of a coded speech signal |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9355643B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2697794A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2973923A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012140347A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106531190B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2020-05-05 | 科大讯飞股份有限公司 | Voice quality evaluation method and device |
CN109979486B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-07-09 | 中国移动通信集团北京有限公司 | Voice quality assessment method and device |
CN111326169B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2023-11-10 | 中国移动通信集团北京有限公司 | Voice quality evaluation method and device |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6157830A (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 2000-12-05 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Speech quality measurement in mobile telecommunication networks based on radio link parameters |
US6201960B1 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2001-03-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Speech quality measurement based on radio link parameters and objective measurement of received speech signals |
US7305341B2 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2007-12-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of reflecting time/language distortion in objective speech quality assessment |
US7434117B1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2008-10-07 | Mediatek Inc. | Method and apparatus of determining bad frame indication for speech service in a wireless communication system |
US8949114B2 (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2015-02-03 | Optis Wireless Technology, Llc | Method and arrangement for estimating the quality degradation of a processed signal |
-
2011
- 2011-04-11 FR FR1153129A patent/FR2973923A1/en active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-04-04 WO PCT/FR2012/050724 patent/WO2012140347A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-04-04 US US14/111,471 patent/US9355643B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-04-04 EP EP12718296.2A patent/EP2697794A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20140032212A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
US9355643B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
FR2973923A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 |
WO2012140347A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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