EP2696361A1 - Gas-insulated disconnector with shield - Google Patents
Gas-insulated disconnector with shield Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2696361A1 EP2696361A1 EP13179580.9A EP13179580A EP2696361A1 EP 2696361 A1 EP2696361 A1 EP 2696361A1 EP 13179580 A EP13179580 A EP 13179580A EP 2696361 A1 EP2696361 A1 EP 2696361A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- disconnector
- gas
- contact element
- contact unit
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H31/26—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch
- H01H31/32—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch with rectilinearly-movable contact
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
- H01H33/245—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring using movable field electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/64—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein the break is in gas
Abstract
Description
- The present invention in general relates to gas-insulated disconnectors. In particular, the present invention relates to a gas-insulated disconnector having a pair of contact units and an electrically conductive shield.
- Electrical disconnectors often are used to open (or close) circuits by the separation (or connection) of conductive members. Often, a disconnector is used for isolation of a circuit. Generally, an electrical disconnector is intended to be opened only when no current or only a small current is flowing through it, e.g. after current has been interrupted. This distinguishes a disconnector from a circuit breaker which is opened to interrupt large currents. Electrical disconnectors conform to standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), in particular IEC 62271-102.
- During opening and closing of an electrical disconnector, it is possible for an electrical arc (i.e. an electrical discharge accompanied by ionization of the insulation gas) to form between contact members or between contact members and the housing of the disconnector. Since the arc of a disconnector cannot be compared to the much more powerful arcs formed in a circuit breaker, a disconnector has, in contrast to a circuit breaker, no special blast system or the like for extinguishing an arc. Nevertheless, also in a disconnector, an arc can wear off the contacts and may even damage the disconnector, especially if the arc forms between one of the contact members and the housing of the disconnector.
- Thus, there is a need for reducing the probability of arcing in a disconnector, particularly of arcing between the housing and a contact member, especially during opening and/or closing of the circuit. This object is achieved by the gas-insulated disconnector according to
independent claim 1. Further aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention are apparent from the claims, the claim combinations, the description, and the accompanying drawings. - According to an embodiment, a gas-insulated disconnector comprises a housing, a first contact unit, and a second contact unit. The second contact unit comprises an electrically conductive shield and an inner contact element. The inner contact element is movable relative to the housing along an axis between a closed-disconnector position in which the inner contact element contacts the first contact unit and an open-disconnector position in which the inner contact element is separated from the first contact unit. The axis extends between the first contact unit and the second contact unit. The conductive shield is arranged radially outside of the inner contact element for electrically shielding the inner contact element, thereby substantially reducing a radial electrical field component in a region between the first contact unit and the inner contact element. The shield is movable along the axial direction relative to the housing and relative to the inner contact element.
- Typical embodiments are depicted in the drawings and are detailed in the description which follows. The drawings illustrate in
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Fig. 1 a cross-section of a disconnector in an open position according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 2 a cross-section of a disconnector in a non-closed position according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 3 a cross-section of contact units of a disconnector in a closed position according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 4 a cross-section of contact units of a disconnector in a closed position according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 5 a cross-section of contact units of a disconnector in a closed position according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 6 a cross-section of a disconnector in a closed position according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 7 a first contact unit and mechanical coupler of a disconnector in a non-closed position according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 8 a first and second contact unit and mechanical coupler of a disconnector, according to an embodiment, -
Fig. 9 the second contact unit in a non-closed position according to an embodiment, and -
Fig. 10 a cross-section of a disconnector according to an embodiment. - Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the figures. Within the following description of the drawings, the same reference numbers refer to same or functionally similar components. Typically, only the differences with respect to individual embodiments and/or configurations are described. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention and is not meant as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment and/or configuration can be used on or in conjunction with other embodiments and/or configurations to yield yet a further embodiment and/or configuration. It is intended that the description includes such modifications and variations.
- Herein, flush is intended to mean substantially flush, such as flush within a margin of error normally associated with mechanical elements, e.g. within 0.25 mm, or at most 1 mm. Herein, curvature is defined as the reciprocal of radius of curvature.
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Fig. 1 shows, according to an embodiment, a cross-section of adisconnector 1 comprising ahousing 100, afirst contact unit 110, and asecond contact unit 120. Thedisconnector 1 is depicted in an open-disconnector position, in which the first andsecond contact units inner contact element 130 of thesecond contact unit 120 is separated from thefirst contact unit 110. At least one of the first andsecond contact units second contact unit 130 is movable along theaxis 160 which extends between thefirst contact unit 110 and thesecond contact unit 120. - More particularly, the
inner contact element 130 is movable relative to thehousing 100 along theaxis 160, and is movable between the closed-disconnector position, in which theinner contact element 130 contacts thefirst contact unit 110, and the open-disconnector position depicted inFig. 1 , in which theinner contact element 130 is separated from thefirst contact unit 110. Herein, a position in which theinner contact element 130 is separated from thefirst contact unit 110 is referred to as a "non-closed position," e.g. positions such as the open-disconnector position, a fully open position, and between fully open and closed position. - The
second contact unit 120 has, in addition to theinner contact element 130, an electricallyconductive shield 180 arranged radially outside of theinner contact element 130 for electrically shielding theinner contact element 130. Theshield 180 is movable along the axial direction (direction of axis 160) relative to thehousing 100 and relative to theinner contact element 130. - Herein, a
shield 180 is defined as a conductive structure which reduces an electric field magnitude. Ashield 180 has at least a coating of a conductive material, and may be made of a conductive material. This does a priori not exclude some additional non-conductive elements attached to it, although in some embodiments theshield 180 may even be entirely made of a conductive material without any non-conductive element attached to it. Herein, the term conductive means electrically conductive unless otherwise specified. For example, the conductive material may be a metal. Theshield 180 operates by the movement of charges (electrons) on the surface of the conductive material in response to an applied field; and the movement (or distribution) of the charges acts to cancel at least partially the applied field. Herein, theshield 180 is arranged such that it reduces an electric field, in particular a radial electrical field component, in a region between thefirst contact unit 110 and theinner contact element 130. Typically, theshield 180 is conductively coupled to theinner contact element 130 so that it is adapted to have substantially the voltage of theinner contact element 130. Typically, theshield 180 is positioned such that theshield 180 does not carry a nominal current. - In the following, some further general aspects are mentioned which are illustrated by
Fig. 1 and some of the other Figures, but each of which may also be included in other embodiments. - Generally, the
disconnector 1 is rated for switching bus-charging currents with equipment rated 72.5 kV and/or above, and is designed to be compliant with IEC standards such as specific values of current given in IEC 62271-102 Annex F. - As a general aspect, the
first contact unit 110 and theinner contact element 130 may be substantially cylindrically symmetric about theaxis 160. Alternatively or additionally, an electricallyconductive shield 180 may be substantially cylindrically symmetric about theaxis 160. - The
shield 180 is optionally annularly shaped and/or substantially cylindrically symmetric about theaxis 160. Typically, theshield 180 is conductively coupled to theinner contact element 130 for bringing theshield 180 substantially to the electrical potential of theinner contact element 130. Theshield 180 can electrically shield theinner contact element 130. - The
shield 180 substantially reduces a radial electrical field component, particularly in a region between thefirst contact unit 110 and theinner contact element 130. This reduction is particularly pronounced in an intermediate (not fully open and not fully closed) position, for example as depicted inFig. 2 , described in more detail below, in which theconductive shield 180 substantially reduces the radially directed electrical field (Er). In some embodiments, the reduction of radial field component in an intermediate position can be more than 30%, more than 50% or even more than 75 % of the electrical field that would be present in the absence of theshield 180. Alternatively or additionally, theshield 180 reduces the ratio of radial to axial electric field, i.e. the magnitude of radial to axial electric filed (Er/Ea). In an embodiment, theshield 180 is designed in a way to decrease the field strength toward thehousing 100. An effect of reducing the radial electric field or field strength toward the housing is to reduce the probability of arcing from at least one of the first and second contacts to thehousing 100. - Typically, the
shield 180 is movable along theaxial direction 160 relative to thehousing 100 and relative to theinner contact element 130. For example, theshield 180 can be moved to reduce and/or minimize Er/Ea and/or Er in the open-disconnector position and/or non-closed positions. - Typically, the
shield 180 is arranged such that it does not carry a nominal current when thedisconnector 1 is closed and the nominal current flows through thedisconnector 1. - In an embodiment, the
disconnector 1 is a gas-insulated disconnector 1 comprising an insulation gas contained in thehousing 100; typically thehousing 100 provides a volume for containing the gas, i.e. a dielectric insulation gas. In an embodiment, an insulation gas contained in thehousing 100 comprises a gas component selected from the group consisting of: sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, argon, methanes (in particular partially or fully halogenated methanes, in particular tetrafluoromethane or trifluoroiodomethane), air (in particular technical air or synthetic air), partially or fully fluorinated ethers (in particular hydrofluoro monoethers, hydrofluoro monoethers containing at least 3 carbon atoms, perfluoro monoethers, or perfluoro monoethers containing at least 4 carbon atoms), partially or fully fluorinated ketones (in particular hydrofluoro monoketones, perfluoro monoketones, perfluoro monoketones comprising at least 5 carbon atoms, or perfluoro monoketones comprising exactly 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 carbon atoms), olefines (e.g. HFO-1234ze, HFO-1234yf), and mixtures thereof. - Embodiments relate to: the insulation gas being a gas mixture containing at least two different gas components or even at least three different gas components selected from the group of the gas components mentioned above, thus the insulation gas being a binary or ternary gas mixture; and/or the insulation gas contained in the
housing 100 not consisting of pure sulfur hexafluoride; and/or the insulation gas having a filling pressure higher than a hypothetical filling pressure would be, if pure sulfur hexafluoride was used (for same or similar electrical ratings). In preferred embodiments, a component of the insulation gas is at least one of the above-mentioned partially fluorinated ketones. -
Fig. 2 depicts a cross-section of adisconnector 1 in a non-closed position. For example, as adisconnector 1 is closed (i.e. moved from an open-disconnector position toward a closed position), thesecond contact 120 is moved toward thefirst contact 110 typically along a line such as theaxis 160, and thedisconnector 1 passes through a non-closed position such as that depicted inFig. 2 . Theshield 180 andinner contact element 130 may move together in going from an open position to the non-closed position during at least part of the movement toward a closed position.Fig. 3 depicts a cross-section of adisconnector 1 in a closed position, such that the first andsecond contact units inner contact element 130 and theshield 180 of thesecond contact unit 120 contact thefirst contact unit 110. - Opening of a
disconnector 1 may be regarded as going fromFig. 3 to Fig. 2 toFig. 1 , and may be the reverse process of the closing of the disconnector. As thefirst contact unit 110 andsecond contact unit 120 separate, a gap develops between them, as illustrated in going fromFig. 3 to Fig. 2. Typically the separation is along a line, e.g. theaxis 160. During opening, theshield 180, which is radially arranged outside of theinner contact element 130, reduces the likelihood of arcing toward thehousing 100 by electrically shielding theinner contact element 130. This may reduce Er in the region between the first andsecond contact units first contact unit 110 and theinner contact element 130. -
Fig. 4 illustrates adisconnector 1 in a closed-disconnector position, according to an embodiment which may be combined with any other embodiment. Thefirst contact unit 110 may have acavity 145. Theinner contact element 130 may be adapted to enter thecavity 145 at least partially when thesecond contact unit 120 is in the closed-disconnector position. Thefirst contact unit 110 optionally has a holdingportion 140 on which thecavity 145 is formed. For example, thecavity 145 is formed on the side of the holdingportion 140 facing thesecond contact unit 120. - According to yet another option, the
first contact unit 110 has aretractable portion 190, as shown inFig. 4 . For example, in the closed-disconnector position, theretractable portion 190 resides within thecavity 145, as depicted inFig. 4 . In yet another embodiment, which may be combined with any other embodiment, theretractable portion 190 is at least partially retractable into thecavity 145 and arranged to be pushed into the cavity when thesecond contact unit 120 is in the closed-disconnector position (e.g. thesecond contact unit 120 pushes theretractable portion 190 against a spring). For example, theinner contact element 130 pushes theretractable portion 190 into thecavity 145 during a closing of the disconnector. During opening, optionally, a releasing mechanism such as a spring can release and/or push theretractable portion 190 toward the direction of thesecond contact unit 120; during opening, optionally, a gap (i.e. a separation) develops between the first andsecond contact units retractable portion 190 and theinner contact element 130. If one side of adisconnector 1 is under even a small AC load, an arc is expected to form during an opening of thedisconnector 1. -
Fig. 5 illustrates thedisconnector 1 in a closed-disconnector position, according to an embodiment. Thehousing 100, for example, is not shown. In an embodiment which may be combined with any other embodiment, thefirst contact unit 110 has a first nominal-contact portion 148, and thesecond contact unit 120 has a second nominal-contact portion 128. For example, the first and secondnominal contact portions second contact unit 120 is in the closed-disconnector position. Typically, a path of minimum electrical resistance between the first andsecond contact unit nominal contact portions contact portion 148 is arranged at a side wall of thecavity 145. The firstnominal contact portion 148 may be a resilient element such as a spiral spring. The secondnominal contact portion 128 may be a surface of thesecond contact unit 120 arranged such as to contact the firstnominal contact portion 148 in a closed-disconnector configuration. The first and secondnominal contact portions -
Fig. 6 illustrates thedisconnector 1, according to an embodiment described herein. In an embodiment, which may be combined with any other embodiment, thedisconnector 1 includes adrive mechanism 200 for driving theshield 180 and/or theinner contact element 130. For example, thedrive mechanism 200 drives theshield 180 and theinner contact element 130 linearly, i.e. along a linear direction, along theaxis 160, between the closed disconnector position and the open-disconnector position. Thedrive mechanism 200 may drive theshield 180 andinner contact 130 separately (e.g. with two separate drives, gears, or the like) or together, with or without a coupling mechanism. For example, the movement of the shield and/or inner contact occurs at speeds up to about 10 m/s, up to about 6 m/s, or up to about 0.2 m/s. Thedrive mechanism 200 can include a leadscrew type gear such as a ball screw or roller screw gear. Alternatively or additionally, thedrive mechanism 200 includes a spring. -
Fig. 7 illustrates thesecond contact unit 120 and amechanical coupler 300 of thedisconnector 1 in a non-closed position, according to an embodiment which may be combined with other embodiments. Themechanical coupler 300 can couple the movement of theinner contact element 130 with theshield 180. Themechanical coupler 300 can include a spring 350 (shown in cross-section inFig. 7 ) for pushing theshield 180 towards the first contact unit 110 (not shown, to the right ofFig. 7 ). Thespring 350 can be coupled at one end to theinner contact element 130, and at the other end theshield 180, for example a shield-stopper 450 which is fixed to theshield 180. - In embodiments, the
spring 350 can be coupled at one end to theinner contact element 130 or to an element jointly movable with theinner contact element 130, such as the rod shown inFig. 7 . Preferably the element jointly movable with theinner contact element 130 is rigidly connected to theinner contact element 130. At the other end, thespring 350 can be coupled to theshield 180 or to an element jointly movable with the shield (and preferably rigidly connected to the shield). InFig. 7 , for example, the other end of thespring 350 is coupled to a shield-stopper 450 which is fixed to theshield 180. - For example, as consistent with the illustration of
Fig. 7 , thespring 350 is in a slightly compressed state so that its force on theshield 180 pushes theshield 180 toward the right (toward thefirst contact unit 110, not shown). Further consistent with the illustration ofFig. 7 is the presence of a contact force, or normal force, between astopper 400 fixed directly (as shown) or indirectly to theinner contact element 130 and a stopper on theshield 180, i.e. a shield-stopper 450. Thus thestopper 400 stops theshield 180 from moving farther toward thefirst contact unit 110 than a stopping position relative to theinner contact element 130. Generally, according to an embodiment which can be combined with any other embodiment, themechanical coupler 300 includes aspring 350 and at least one stopper (400 and/or 450) fixed to thesecond contact unit 120 for stopping theconductive shield 180 from moving farther toward thefirst contact unit 110 than a stopping position (e.g. a stopping position of the shield 180) relative to theinner contact element 130. - In an embodiment, the
mechanical coupler 300 also includes astopper 400 fixed to the second contact unit 120 (e.g., as depicted inFig. 7 , more specifically, the inner contact element 130). Thestopper 400 stops theshield 180 from moving farther toward thefirst contact unit 110 than the stopping position relative to theinner contact element 130. As depicted inFig. 7 , thestopper 400 can be fixed to theinner contact element 130; for example thestopper 400 is a protrusion, e.g. a radial protrusion, on theinner contact element 130. Furthermore, as depicted inFig. 7 , the stopping position of theshield 180 relative to theinner contact element 130 may be such that theshield 180 is flush with thesecond contact element 130 or retracted (e.g. slightly retracted, by less than e.g. 20 mm) from the contact-side edge 132 of theinner contact element 130 away from the first contact element orunit 110. The retracted configuration has the advantage of reducing the risk of an arc moving to theshield 180. On the other hand, the flush configuration is advantageous because sharp edges are avoided. Therefore, the flush configuration may be advantageously accompanied by anarc termination structure 125 as shown inFig. 10 (described below); and the slightly retracted configuration is preferred especially in embodiments which lack such an arc termination structure. - The
spring 350 can be coupled at one spring end to the second contact unit 120 (or, as depicted inFig. 7 , more specifically, the inner contact element 130), and at another spring end to theshield 180. In another embodiment, combinable with other embodiments described herein, an end of themechanical coupler 300 is fixed directly or indirectly to thehousing 100 and/or drivemechanism 200 and the other end is fixed directly or indirectly to theshield 180. In another embodiment, combinable with other embodiments described herein, an end of thespring 350 is fixed relative to theshield 180, and thespring 350 is arranged so as to exert a force on theshield 180 directed toward thefirst contact unit 110; such an embodiment is consistent with the depiction ofFig. 7 . -
Fig. 8 illustrates the first 110 andsecond contact units 120 andmechanical coupler 300 of thedisconnector 1 in a closed-disconnector position, according to an optional embodiment which may be combined with other embodiments. Generally themechanical coupler 300 couples the movement of theinner contact element 130 with theshield 180. As depicted, in one example of a closed position, thesecond contact unit 120 is in contact with thefirst contact unit 110, and the contact force between thefirst contact element 110 and theshield 180 is such that thesecond contact unit 120 is pushed against the force of the mechanical coupler 300 (particularly, e.g. the spring 350). Thus, as depicted inFig. 8 , thestopper 400 may be separated from theshield stopper 450, and theshield 180 may be pushed back from theinner contact element 130, i.e. the position of theshield 180 with respect to theinner contact element 130 is different than that depicted inFig. 7 , e.g. no longer flush. - During closing of the disconnector, for example, the drive mechanism 200 (not shown) can engage the inner contact element 130 (and directly or indirectly the
shield 180 for example through thecoupler 300, or the spring 350) to induce the closed disconnector position. For example, thedrive mechanism 200 pushes theinner contact element 130 which is coupled to theshield 180 by themechanical coupler 300. While in a non-closed position, for example, as illustrated inFig. 7 , themechanical coupler 300 causes the motion of theshield 180 to match that of theinner contact element 130. When contact is made, thefirst contact element 110 can oppose the mechanical coupler 300 (particularly, for example by compressing the spring 350). - As illustrated in
Fig. 8 , when the disconnector is in the closed configuration, themechanical coupler 300 may be such that thespring 350 is compressed by the shield-stopper 450 and the inner contact element 130 (compare toFig. 7 ). Therefore, in this example, although thespring 350 exerts a force pushing theshield 180 toward thefirst contact unit 110 in both the closed position of the disconnector (Fig. 8 ) and the non-closed position (Fig. 7 ); in the closed position, thefirst contact unit 110 exerts a force on theshield 180 which opposes the force of themechanical coupler 300. In the example of a closed configuration depicted inFig. 8 , theinner contact element 130 resides in acavity 145 of thefirst contact unit 110. For instance, as is depicted inFig. 8 which illustrates an embodiment of a closed-position disconnector 1, the end of theinner contact element 130 extends beyond theshield 180, thestopper 400 and the shield-stopper 450 are disengaged and/or separated. - A further option is that a retractable portion 190 (for example as illustrated in
Fig. 5 ) also resides in thecavity 145. It follows that, in the closed disconnector position, theretractable portion 190, which is movable, can be positioned so that the end of theinner contact element 130 extends beyond theshield 180, and also be positioned to allow thestopper 400 and the shield-stopper 450 to disengage and/or separate. The engaged, abutted, and/or non-separated arrangement of thestopper 400 and shield-stopper 450 in the non-closed disconnector position is depicted inFig. 7 , in contrast. - For example, the
drive mechanism 200 can cause theinner contact element 130 to make contact with theretractable portion 190 of thefirst contact unit 110. Thereby, in order to ensure that the arc originates between theinner contact element 130 and theretractable portion 190, within the cavity. - In another embodiment, the face of the
inner contact element 130 which faces the first contact unit (right ofFig. 8 ) contacts the first contact unit 110 (which may not have a cavity 145). The mechanical coupler 300 (e.g. particularly the spring 350) pushes theshield 180 toward thefirst contact unit 110. In the closed-disconnector position, thestopper 400 is not engaged with the shield-stopper 450, and a gap lies between them; and theinner contact element 130 is in contact with thefirst contact unit 110. -
Fig. 9 illustrates thesecond contact unit 120 according to an embodiment, in a non-closed position, for example during opening or closing of the circuit. Theshield 180 comprises, optionally, aforward surface portion 185, which is located at a radially inner portion of theconductive shield 180 and oriented toward the first contact unit 110 (not shown, to the right ofFig. 9 ). Theinner contact element 130 has an optional contact-side edge 132 which is the radially outer edge of the face of theinner contact 130 which faces thefirst contact unit 110. In an embodiment that may be combined with other embodiments, theforward surface 185 of the shield is substantially flush with theinner contact element 130, particularly its contact-side edge 132 when thesecond contact unit 120 is in a non-closed position. For example, theforward surface 185 of the shield is substantially flush with the contact-side edge 132 of theinner contact element 130 when the circuit is not fully closed, or not at least partially closed, or not more than partially closed. - In another embodiment, which may be combined with other embodiments, when the stopper 400 (not shown) is engaged, the
shield 180, in particular itsforward surface portion 185, is flush with theinner contact element 130, particularly its contact-side edge 132. For example, thestopper 400 stops the shield from moving farther toward the first contact unit than a stopping position, the stopping position being such that theshield 180, in particular itsforward surface portion 185, is flush with theinner contact element 130, particularly its contact-side edge 132. In an embodiment which may be combined with other embodiments, the face of theinner contact element 132, in the region near its contact-side edge 132, is substantially coplanar with theforward surface portion 185 of theshield 180. - An additional optional embodiment has an
intermediate portion 186 of theconductive shield 180 extending between the forward 185 and the outward 187 surface portions. A further option is that the curvature of theintermediate portion 186 is increasing in the radial direction, i.e.: the radius of curvature of theintermediate portion 186 of theconductive shield 180, which extends between theforward surface portion 185 and theourward surface portion 187, is decreasing when moving in an outward radial direction (i.e. away from a central longitudinal axis 160). - In yet another option, the radius of curvature of the
intermediate portion 186 is approximately more than 10 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the radius of curvature of theintermediate portion 186 is from approximately 20% of the radius of thehousing 100 to 50% of the radius of thehousing 100. Alternatively or additionally, the radius of curvature of theintermediate portion 186 is from approximately 60% to 150% or from about 80% to 120% of the radius of theinner contact unit 130. - As another optional general aspect of the invention, the minimum radius of curvature of the exposed surface of the
shield 180 is more than 10 mm. - Other optional geometries are such that the average radius of curvature of the
forward surface 185 and theintermediate portion 186 is approximately more than 10 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the average radius of curvature of theforward surface 185 and theintermediate portion 186 is from approximately 20% of the radius of thehousing 100 to 50% of the radius of thehousing 100. Alternatively or additionally, the average radius of curvature of theforward surface 185 and theintermediate portion 186 is from approximately 60% to 150% or from about 80% to 120% of the radius of theinner contact unit 130. -
Fig. 10 illustrates a disconnector in cross-section, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment which may be combined with any other embodiment, at least one of thefirst contact unit 110 and thesecond contact unit 120 comprise(s) an arc termination structure. For example, thefirst contact unit 110 comprises a firstarc termination structure 115, and the second contact unit 120 (or more specifically the inner contact element 130) comprises a secondarc termination structure 125. Thearc termination structures arc termination structures second contact unit 120 is opened (closed) from the closed (open)-disconnector position towards the open (closed)-disconnector position in the presence of a current (the current being from the first to second contact unit or vice versa). Alternatively or additionally, thearc termination structures arc termination structures second contact unit 120 is opened or closed (i.e. undergoing an opening or closing action), e.g. when thedisconnector 1 is closed from an open-disconnector position towards a closed disconnector position, such as in the presence of a voltage difference between the first andsecond contact units - The
arc termination structures second contact units second contact units arc termination structures arc termination structure Fig. 10 . Thearc termination structures arc termination structures center axis 160 of thedisconnector 1 and may be facing each other. - The
arc termination structures housing 100, and/or decrease the radial component of the field strength (Er), and/or decrease the ratio of radial to axial field strength (Er/Ea). For example, the secondarc termination structure 125 is, as depicted inFig. 10 , the edge of a mesa, plateau, and/or cylindrical plateau located on the face of theinner contact element 130 which faces thefirst contact unit 110. - In an embodiment, a first
arc termination structure 115 localizes the arc by providing a surface of thefirst contact unit 110 which is closest to thesecond contact unit 120 when thedisconnector 1 is in a non-closed position. In another embodiment, a secondarc termination structure 125 localizes the arc by providing a surface of thesecond contact unit 120 which is closest to thefirst contact unit 110 when thedisconnector 1 is in a non-closed position. In yet another embodiment, each of the first andsecond contact units arc termination structures second contact units arc termination structures disconnector 1. As a general optional aspect of the invention, the firstarc termination structure 115 may reside on the retractable portion 190 (as it is depicted inFig. 10 ). However, this is not mandatory, and the firstarc termination structure 115 may also be located at other parts of thefirst contact unit 110. It is possible for there to be 0, 1 (on either of the first orsecond contact units 110, 120), or more arc termination structures. - In another possible working aspect, which may be combined with any other embodiment regarding arc termination structures, the curvature of at least one of the
arc termination structures second contact unit arc termination structures arc termination structures inner contact element 130 and thefirst contact unit 110. - For example, the
arc termination structures shield 180. For example, at least one of and preferably each of the first and secondarc termination structures shield 180. - Optionally, given the radius, r, of the inner contact element 130 (its radius being in the radial direction), the second
arc termination structure 125 is located about r/1.5 or less from the center axis of theinner contact element 110. Optionally, the secondarc termination structure 125 is located about r/2 or less, r/2.5 or less, or r/3 or less from the center axis of theinner contact element 110. In yet another option, given the radius, s, of the inner radius of the shield (e.g. the shield having an annular shape), the secondarc termination structure 125 is located about s/1.5 or less from the center axis of theinner contact element 110. Optionally, the secondarc termination structure 125 is located about s/2 or less, s/2.5 or less, or s/3 or less from the center axis of theinner contact element 110. (The center axis of theinner contact element 110 is collinear with theaxis 160 depicted inFig.10 .) Thearc termination structures arc termination structures first contact unit 110 andretractable portion 190 of thesecond contact unit 120, respectively. Thearc termination structures - In an embodiment which can be combined with other embodiments, the arc termination structures are relatively angular and/or relative highly curved; particularly in comparison to at least one of the
forward surface portion 185,intermediate portion 186, and outward 187 portion of theshield 180. Thearc termination structures - In moving from the open-disconnector position to a non-closed disconnector position and/or in moving through a plurality of non-closed disconnector positions, it is possible that the
forward surface 185 of theshield 180 is substantially flush with the contact-side edge 132 of theinner contact element 130, for example, in geometries that include an open-disconnector position, and/or some or all non-closed disconnector positions. For example, each of theshield 180 andinner contact element 130 is movable with respect to thehousing 100. It is also possible that, during closing, theshield 180 andinner contact element 130 move substantially together at least through part of the closing. It is also possible that after the first andsecond contact units shield 180 andinner contact element 130 move with respect to each other (e.g. theshield 180 stops moving as theinner contact element 130 continues to move). In the reverse movement, it is possible that during opening, until the first and second contact units are separated (or begin to separate), theinner contact element 130 moves with respect to theshield 180; and after the first andsecond contact units shield 180 and theinner contact element 130 move in synchronicity. A variation is such that thesecond contact unit 120 has two structures, anarc termination structure 125 and a nominal contact. 128 Possibly, theinner contact element 130 has two structures, anarc termination structure 125 and anominal contact 128. Alternatively, theinner contact element 130 has anarc termination structure 125 and theshield 180 has anominal contact 128. - Another variation consistent with the disclosure herein has the
shield 180 driven by a gear rather than or in addition to a spring. Alternatively or additionally, a gear and/or lever couples the motion of theshield 180 and theinner contact element 130. A further optional feature of thedisconnector 1 is ashield support 170, which may support theshield 180 when in the open position. - In a further variation additional shields may be provided in addition to the
shield 180. For example, a further shield - which may be movable with respect to the shield 180 - may be provided radially outwards of theshield 180, thereby forming a combined shield. In the case that the further shield is non-movable with respect to theshield 180, theshield 180 may in this case be viewed as the combined shield which comprises two separate shield parts. - These variations illustrate that other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (16)
- A gas-insulated disconnector (1) comprising:- a housing (100),- a first contact unit (110),- a second contact unit (120) which comprises an electrically conductive shield (180) and an inner contact element (130), whereinthe inner contact element (130) is movable relative to the housing (100) along an axis (160) between a closed-disconnector position in which the inner contact element (130) contacts the first contact unit (110) and an open-disconnector position in which the inner contact element (130) is separated from the first contact unit (110), the axis (160) extending between the first contact unit (110) and the second contact unit (120), and wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) is arranged radially outside of the inner contact element (130) for electrically shielding the inner contact element (130) thereby reducing a radial electrical field component in a region between the first contact unit (110) and the inner contact element (130), and
wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) is movable along the axial direction (160) relative to the housing (100) and relative to the inner contact element (130). - The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) is arranged radially outside of the inner contact element (130) for electrically shielding the inner contact element (130) thereby substantially reducing a radial electrical field component in a region between the first contact unit (110) and the inner contact element (130); and/or wherein the first contact unit (110), the inner contact element (130), and the electrically conductive shield (180) are substantially cylindrically symmetric, in particular are cylindrically symmetric, about the axis (160).
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) is positioned such that it does not carry a nominal current.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) is movable along the axial direction (160) relative to the first contact unit (110); and/or the gas-insulated disconnector (1) further comprising a drive mechanism (200) for driving the electrically conductive shield (180) and the inner contact element (130) in a linear direction along the axis (160) between the closed-disconnector position and the open-disconnector position.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) reduces a ratio of radial to axial electric field; and/or the electrically conductive shield (180) is designed to decrease the field strength toward the housing (100); and/or wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) is movable to reduce and/or minimize the magnitude of the radial to axial electric field Er/Ea and/or of the radially directed electrical field Er in the open-disconnector position and/or non-closed positions.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of the electrically conductive shield (180) comprises an outward surface portion (187) which is located at a radially outer portion of the electrically conductive shield (180) and is oriented radially outwardly; and/or wherein the electrically conductive shield (180) is conductively coupled to the inner contact element (130) for bringing the electrically conductive shield (180) substantially to the electrical potential of the inner contact element (130); and/or wherein the gas-insulated disconnector (1) is rated for switching bus-charging currents with equipment rated 72.5 kV and above.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any of the preceding claims, further comprising an insulation gas contained in the housing (100), the insulation gas comprising a gas component selected from the group consisting of:- sulfur hexafluoride,- nitrogen,- oxygen,- carbon dioxide,- nitric oxide,- nitrogen dioxide,- nitrous oxide,- argon,- methanes, in particular partially or fully halogenated methanes, in particular tetrafluoromethane or trifluoroiodomethane,- air, in particular technical air or synthetic air,- partially or fully fluorinated ethers, in particular hydrofluoro monoethers, hydrofluoro monoethers containing at least 3 carbon atoms, perfluoro monoethers, or perfluoro monoethers containing at least 4 carbon atoms,- partially or fully fluorinated ketones, in particular hydrofluoro monoketones, perfluoro monoketones, perfluoro monoketones comprising at least 5 carbon atoms, or perfluoro monoketones comprising exactly 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 carbon atoms,- olefines, e.g. HFO-1234ze, HFO-1234yf,- and mixtures thereof.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of claim 7, with the insulation gas being a gas mixture containing at least two different gas components or even at least three different gas components selected from the group of the gas components of claim 7; and/or the insulation gas contained in the housing (100) not consisting of pure sulfur hexafluoride; and/or the insulation gas having a filling pressure higher than a hypothetical filling pressure would be, if pure sulfur hexafluoride was used.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any of the preceding claims, wherein a forward surface (185) of the electrically conductive shield (180) is substantially flush with or is retracted in an axial direction away from the first contact unit (110), in particular is substantially flush with or is retracted in an axial direction away from a contact-side edge (132) of the inner contact element (130) when the second contact unit (120) is not in the closed-disconnector position.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any of the preceding claims, wherein the first contact unit (110) comprises a first arc termination structure (115) and the inner contact element (130) comprises a second arc termination structure (125), the first and second arc termination structure (115, 125) being shaped and arranged such that an arc is formed between the first and second arc termination structure (115, 125), when the second contact unit (120) is opened from the closed-disconnector position towards the open-disconnector position in the presence of a current and/or when closing the second contact unit (120); and/or wherein the first contact unit (110) has a first nominal-contact portion (148) and the second contact unit (120) has a second nominal-contact portion (128), wherein the first and second nominal contact portions (148, 128) are adapted to contact each other when the second contact unit (120) is in the closed-disconnector position, and wherein a path of minimum electrical resistance between the first contact unit (110) and the second contact unit (120) is defined through the first and second nominal contact portions (148, 128).
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of the electrically conductive shield (180) comprises:- a or the forward surface portion (185) which is located at a radially inner portion of the electrically conductive shield (180) and is oriented toward the first contact unit (110); and- an intermediate surface portion (186) extending between and connecting smoothly the forward surface portion (185) and a or the outward surface portion (187);- in particular wherein the intermediate surface portion (186) has a radius of curvature of more than 10 mm.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of claim 11, wherein the radius of curvature of the intermediate portion (186) of the electrically conductive shield (180) extending between the forward surface portion (185) and the outward surface portion (187) is decreasing when moving in an outward radial direction.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a mechanical coupler (300) for coupling the movement of the inner contact element (130) to the electrically conductive shield (180).
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of claim 13, wherein the mechanical coupler (300) comprises at least one of: a spring (350), a gear, and a lever.
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any one of the claims 13 to 14, wherein the mechanical coupler (300) includes- a spring (350) for pushing the electrically conductive shield (180) towards the first contact unit (110), and- a stopper (400 and/or 450) fixed to the second contact unit (120) for stopping the electrically conductive shield (180) from moving farther towards the first contact unit (110) than a stopping position defined relative to the inner contact element (130).
- The gas-insulated disconnector (1) of any one of the claims 13 and 14, wherein one end of the mechanical coupler (300) is attached to the inner contact element (130) or to an element jointly movable with the inner contact element (130), and wherein the other end of the mechanical coupler (300) is attached to the electrically conductive shield (180) or to an element jointly movable with the electrically conductive shield (180).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13179580.9A EP2696361B1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | Gas-insulated disconnector with shield |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12179913 | 2012-08-09 | ||
EP13179580.9A EP2696361B1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | Gas-insulated disconnector with shield |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2696361A1 true EP2696361A1 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
EP2696361B1 EP2696361B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
Family
ID=46799038
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13179580.9A Not-in-force EP2696361B1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | Gas-insulated disconnector with shield |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2696361B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN203617172U (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20160001814A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-01-07 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Gas insulated switch gear |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111326363B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-09-27 | 湖南斯德克智能科技有限公司 | Zero-flashover knife switch |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1544333A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1979-04-19 | Merlin Gerin | Grounding switch for high voltage shielded substation |
GB2025697A (en) * | 1978-07-13 | 1980-01-23 | Siemens Ag | High-voltageisolators |
EP0040781A1 (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1981-12-02 | ALSTHOM-ATLANTIQUE Société anonyme dite: | Disconnecting switch for high-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear |
DE3237146A1 (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-03-01 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., 5401 Baden, Aargau | Metal-encapsulated high-voltage switching device |
-
2013
- 2013-08-07 EP EP13179580.9A patent/EP2696361B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-08-09 CN CN201320485530.0U patent/CN203617172U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1544333A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1979-04-19 | Merlin Gerin | Grounding switch for high voltage shielded substation |
GB2025697A (en) * | 1978-07-13 | 1980-01-23 | Siemens Ag | High-voltageisolators |
EP0040781A1 (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1981-12-02 | ALSTHOM-ATLANTIQUE Société anonyme dite: | Disconnecting switch for high-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear |
DE3237146A1 (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-03-01 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., 5401 Baden, Aargau | Metal-encapsulated high-voltage switching device |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20160001814A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-01-07 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Gas insulated switch gear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN203617172U (en) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2696361B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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