Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
  • A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel acid amides, processes for preparing them, to compositions containing them and to methods of using them to combat fungi, especially fungal infections of plants.
• Certain acid amide derivatives and their use as fungicides are disclosed, for example, in WO08/1 10355, WO09/030467, WO09/030469 and WO09/049716.
• the present invention is concerned with the provision of particular substituted acid amides for use mainly as plant fungicides.
• Q 1 is methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, methylthio, vinyl, ethynyl, bromo, iodo or thienyl;
• Q 2 is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro or chloro
• R 1 is ethyl, methoxy or methylthio
• R 2 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 3 is -CR 4 R 5 R 6 ;
• R 4 and R 5 independently of each other, are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxymethyl or cyano,
• R 4 and R 5 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 5- membered carbocyclic ring, which is optionally substituted by methyl;
• R 6 is a heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,
• Y is oxygen or sulfur
• the compounds of the invention contain at least one asymmetric carbon atom and therefore may exist as enantiomers, as pairs of diastereoisomers or as mixtures of such.
• Compounds of general formula (I) can therefore exist as racemates, diastereoisomers, or single enantiomers, and the invention includes all possible isomers or isomer mixtures in all proportions. It is to be expected that for any given compound, one isomer may be more fungicidally active than another.
• the salts which the compounds of the formula I can form are preferably those formed by interaction of these compounds with acids.
• the term "acid" comprises mineral acids such as hydrogen halides, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid etc. as well as organic acids, preferably the commonly used alkanoic acids, for example formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid.
• the carbocyclic rings preferably contain 3 to 5 carbon atoms and are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl. Cyclopropyl is particularly preferred.
• Optional substituents on the heteroaryl are Ci -4 alkyl, d_ 4 haloalkyl, Ci_ 4 hydroxyalkyl, Ci_ 4 . methoxyalkyl, Ci_ 4 alkoxy, phenyl, Ci_ 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, halogen and tri(Ci_ 4 alkyl)silyl, preferably methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, phenyl, methoxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, and trimethylsilyl, where methyl, trifluoromethyl, chloro and bromo are particularly preferred.
• Other optional substituents on the heteroaryl are cyano, Ci_ 4 haloalcoxy C 2 . 4 alkenyl, and C 2 . 4 alkynyl.
• a link of the -CR 4 R 5 - group to a heteroaryl group can be via a carbon atom or via a nitrogen atom.
• Q 2 is preferably hydrogen and methyl.
• R 1 is preferably methoxy or methylthio, more preferably methylthio.
• R 2 is preferably hydrogen.
• R 4 and R 5 independently of each other, are preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
• R 6 is preferably thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl and pyridyl, more preferably isoxazolyl and pyridyl and in particular isoxazolyl.
• Y is preferably oxygen.
• Q 1 is methylthio, vinyl, ethynyl, bromo, iodo or thienyl
• Q 2 is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro or chloro
• R 1 is ethyl, methoxy or methylthio
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 3 is -CR 4 R 5 R 6
• R 4 and R 5 independently of each other, are hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R 4 and R 5 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclopropyl group
• R 6 is a heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl and pyridyl, which heteroaryls are unsubstituted or substituted by methyl, ethyl, trifluormethyl,
• Q 1 is methylthio, vinyl, ethynyl or iodo
• Q 2 is hydrogen, methyl, chloro or fluoro
• R 1 is methylthio
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 3 is - CR 4 R 5 R 6
• R 4 and R 5 independently of each other, are hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 6 is a heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl and pyridyl.
• Q 1 is methylthio, vinyl, ethynyl or iodo
• Q 2 is hydrogen, methyl, chloro or fluoro
• R 1 is methoxy
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 3 is - CR 4 R 5 R 6
• R 4 and R 5 independently of each other, are hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 6 is R 6 is a heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl and pyridyl.
• the compounds of Table 1 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 (i.e. -CR 4 R 5 R 6 ) has the values given in the table.
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Table 4
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 5 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 7 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is chloro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 8 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is methyl,
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Table 9 The compounds of Table 9 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Table 10 The compounds of Table 9 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 10 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is fluoro,
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 12 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is vinyl, Q 2 is methyl, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 13 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given
• Table 14 The compounds of Table 14 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 is fluoro,
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 15 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 is chloro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 16 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 is methyl,
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 18 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 is fluoro,
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 21 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 22 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 is fluoro,
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 24 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is iodo, Q 2 is methyl,
• Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 26 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is fluoro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 27 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is chloro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 29 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 30 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is fluoro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 31 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is chloro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 32 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is methyl, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Table 33
• the compounds of Table 33 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table .
• the compounds of Table 34 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is fluoro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 35 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is chloro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 36 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is ethynyl, Q 2 is methyl, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 37 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 38 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is fluoro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 39 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is chloro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 40 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is methyl, Y is oxygen, R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• Table 41
• the compounds of Table 41 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 42 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is fluoro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 43 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is chloro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 44 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is methyl, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methoxy, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 45 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is hydrogen, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 46 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is fluoro, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of Table 48 are of the general formula (I) where Q 1 is methylthio, Q 2 is methyl, Y is oxygen, R 1 is methylthio, R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 has the values given in Table 1.
• the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared in an analogous manner as outlined in WO08/110355, WO09/030467, WO09/030469 and WO09/049716 by chemical reactions known in the art.
• the compounds of formula (I) are active fungicides and may be used to control one or more of the following pathogens: Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe grisea) on rice and wheat and other Pyricularia spp.
• Puccinia triticina or recondita
• Puccinia striiformis and other rusts on wheat Puccinia hordei, Puccinia striiformis and other rusts on barley, and rusts on other hosts
• Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean Erysiphe cichoracearum on cucurbits (for example melon)
• Blumeria or Erysiphe graminis (powdery mildew) on barley, wheat, rye and turf and other powdery mildews on various hosts, such as Sphaerotheca macularis on hops, Sphaerotheca fusca (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) on cucurbits (for example cucumber), Leveillula taurica on tomatoes, aubergine and green pepper, Podo
• Cercosporidium personatum on peanuts and other Cercospora spp. on other hosts for example sugar beet, bananas, soya beans and rice; Botrytis cinerea (grey mould) on tomatoes, strawberries, vegetables, vines and other hosts and other Botrytis spp. on other hosts; Alternaria spp. on vegetables (for example carrots), oil-seed rape, apples, tomatoes, potatoes, cereals (for example wheat) and other hosts; Venturia spp.
• Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucurbits Pythium spp. (including Pythium ultimum) on cotton, maize, soybean, sugarbeet, vegetables, turf and other hosts; Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes and other Phytophthora spp. on vegetables, strawberries, avocado, pepper, ornamentals, tobacco, cocoa and other hosts;
• Aphanomyces spp. on sugarbeet and other hosts Thanatephorus cucumeris on rice, wheat, cotton, soybean, maize, sugarbeet and turf and other hosts Rhizoctonia spp. on various hosts such as wheat and barley, peanuts, vegetables, cotton and turf;
• the following pathogens are controlled: Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe grisea) on rice and wheat and other Pyricularia spp. on other hosts; Erysiphe
• cichoracearum on cucurbits for example melon
• Blumeria (or Erysiphe) graminis prowdery mildew) on barley, wheat, rye and turf and other powdery mildews on various hosts, such as Sphaerotheca macularis on hops, Sphaerotheca fusca (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) on cucurbits (for example cucumber), Leveillula taurica on tomatoes, aubergine and green pepper, Podosphaera leucotricha on apples and Uncinula necator on vines; Helminthosporium spp., Drechslera spp. (Pyrenophora spp.), Rhynchosporium spp. Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) and Phaeosphaeria nodorum
• post-harvest diseases particularly of fruit for example Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum and Trichoderma viride on oranges, Colletotrichum musae and Gloeosporium musarum on bananas and Botrytis cinerea on grapes
• other pathogens on vines notably Eutypa lata, Guignardia bidwellii, Phellinus igniarus, Phomopsis viticola, Pseudopeziza tracheiphila and Stereum hirsutum
• other pathogens on trees for example Lophodermium seditiosum
• lumber notably Cephaloascus fragrans, Ceratocystis spp., Ophiostoma piceae, Penicillium spp., Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger,
• Leptographium lindbergi and Aureobasidium pullulans More preferably, the following pathogens are controlled: Pyricularia oryzae
• Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum or Septoria nodorum),
• Cercosporidium personatum on peanuts and other Cercospora spp. on other hosts for example sugar beet, bananas, soya beans and rice; Botrytis cinerea (grey mould) on tomatoes, strawberries, vegetables, vines and other hosts and other Botrytis spp. on other hosts; Alternaria spp. on vegetables (for example carrots), oil-seed rape, apples, tomatoes, potatoes, cereals (for example wheat) and other hosts; Venturia spp.
• a compound of formula (I) may move acropetally, basipetally or locally in plant tissue to be active against one or more fungi. Moreover, a compound of formula (I) may be volatile enough to be active in the vapour phase against one or more fungi on the plant.
• the invention therefore provides a method of combating or controlling phytopathogenic fungi which comprises applying a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a composition containing a compound of formula (I), to a plant, to a seed of a plant, to the locus of the plant or seed or to soil or any other plant growth medium, e.g. nutrient solution.
• plant as used herein includes seedlings, bushes and trees. Furthermore, the fungicidal method of the invention includes protectant, curative, systemic, eradicant and antisporulant treatments.
• plant as used herein also includes crops of useful plants in which the compositions according to the invention can be used and includes especially cereals, in particular wheat and barley, rice, corn, rape, sugarbeet, sugarcane, soybean, cotton, sunflower, peanut and plantation crops.
• crops is to be understood as also including crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides (for example ALS, GS, EPSPS, PPO and HPPD inhibitors) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering.
• herbicides or classes of herbicides for example ALS, GS, EPSPS, PPO and HPPD inhibitors
• the compounds of formula (I) are preferably used for agricultural, horticultural and turfgrass purposes in the form of a composition.
• a compound of formula (I) is usually formulated into a composition which includes, in addition to the compound of formula (I), a suitable inert diluent or carrier and, optionally, a surface active agent (SFA).
• SFAs are chemicals that are able to modify the properties of an interface (for example, liquid/solid, liquid/air or liquid/liquid interfaces) by lowering the interfacial tension and thereby leading to changes in other properties (for example dispersion, emulsification and wetting).
• compositions both solid and liquid formulations
• the composition is generally used for the control of fungi such that a compound of formula (I) is applied at a rate of from 0.1 g to 10kg per hectare, preferably from 1 g to 6kg per hectare, more preferably from 1 g to 1 kg per hectare.
• a compound of formula (I) is used at a rate of 0.0001 g to 10g (for example 0.001 g or 0.05g), preferably 0.005g to 10g, more preferably 0.005g to 4g, per kilogram of seed.
• the present invention provides a fungicidal composition comprising a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) and a suitable carrier or diluent therefor.
• the invention provides a method of combating and controlling fungi at a locus, which comprises treating the fungi, or the locus of the fungi with a fungicidally effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula (I).
• compositions can be chosen from a number of formulation types, including dustable powders (DP), soluble powders (SP), water soluble granules (SG), water dispersible granules (WG), wettable powders (WP), granules (GR) (slow or fast release), soluble concentrates (SL), oil miscible liquids (OL), ultra low volume liquids (UL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), dispersible concentrates (DC), emulsions (both oil in water (EW) and water in oil (EO)), micro-emulsions (ME), suspension concentrates (SC), aerosols, fogging/smoke formulations, capsule suspensions (CS) and seed treatment
• DP dustable powders
• SP soluble powders
• SG water soluble granules
• WG water dispersible granules
• WP wettable powders
• GR granules
• SL soluble concentrates
• OL oil miscible liquid
• formulations The formulation type chosen in any instance will depend upon the particular purpose envisaged and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the compound of formula (I).
• Dustable powders may be prepared by mixing a compound of formula (I) with one or more solid diluents (for example natural clays, kaolin, pyrophyllite, bentonite, alumina, montmorillonite, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earths, calcium phosphates, calcium and magnesium carbonates, sulphur, lime, flours, talc and other organic and inorganic solid carriers) and mechanically grinding the mixture to a fine powder.
• solid diluents for example natural clays, kaolin, pyrophyllite, bentonite, alumina, montmorillonite, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earths, calcium phosphates, calcium and magnesium carbonates, sulphur, lime, flours, talc and other organic and inorganic solid carriers
• Soluble powders may be prepared by mixing a compound of formula (I) with one or more water-soluble inorganic salts (such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or magnesium sulphate) or one or more water-soluble organic solids (such as a
• WP Wettable powders
• WG Water dispersible granules
• Granules may be formed either by granulating a mixture of a compound of formula (I) and one or more powdered solid diluents or carriers, or from pre-formed blank granules by absorbing a compound of formula (I) (or a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) in a porous granular material (such as pumice, attapulgite clays, fuller's earth, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earths or ground corn cobs) or by adsorbing a compound of formula (I) (or a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) on to a hard core material (such as sands, silicates, mineral carbonates, sulphates or phosphates) and drying if necessary.
• a hard core material such as sands, silicates, mineral carbonates, sulphates or phosphates
• Agents which are commonly used to aid absorption or adsorption include solvents (such as aliphatic and aromatic petroleum solvents, alcohols, ethers, ketones and esters) and sticking agents (such as polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, dextrins, sugars and vegetable oils).
• solvents such as aliphatic and aromatic petroleum solvents, alcohols, ethers, ketones and esters
• sticking agents such as polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, dextrins, sugars and vegetable oils.
• One or more other additives may also be included in granules (for example an emulsifying agent, wetting agent or dispersing agent).
• Dispersible Concentrates may be prepared by dissolving a compound of formula (I) in water or an organic solvent, such as a ketone, alcohol or glycol ether. These solutions may contain a surface active agent (for example to improve water dilution or prevent crystallisation in a spray tank).
• Emulsifiable concentrates or oil-in-water emulsions (EW) may be prepared by dissolving a compound of formula (I) in an organic solvent (optionally containing one or more wetting agents, one or more emulsifying agents or a mixture of said agents).
• Suitable organic solvents for use in ECs include aromatic hydrocarbons (such as alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes, exemplified by SOLVESSO 100, SOLVESSO 150 and SOLVESSO 200; SOLVESSO is a Registered Trade Mark), ketones (such as cyclohexanone or methylcyclohexanone), alcohols (such as benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol or butanol), /V-alkylpyrrolidones (such as /V-methylpyrrolidone or /V-octyl- pyrrolidone), dimethyl amides of fatty acids (such as C 8 -Ci 0 fatty acid dimethylamide) and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes, exemplified by SOLVESSO 100, SOLVESSO 150 and SOLVESSO 200; SOLVESSO is a Registered Trade
• An EC product may spontaneously emulsify on addition to water, to produce an emulsion with sufficient stability to allow spray application through appropriate equipment.
• Preparation of an EW involves obtaining a compound of formula (I) either as a liquid (if it is not a liquid at ambient temperature, it may be melted at a reasonable temperature, typically below 70°C) or in solution (by dissolving it in an appropriate solvent) and then emulsifying the resultant liquid or solution into water containing one or more SFAs, under high shear, to produce an emulsion.
• Suitable solvents for use in EWs include vegetable oils, chlorinated hydrocarbons (such as chlorobenzenes), aromatic solvents (such as alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes) and other appropriate organic solvents that have a low solubility in water.
• Microemulsions may be prepared by mixing water with a blend of one or more solvents with one or more SFAs, to produce spontaneously a thermodynamically stable isotropic liquid formulation.
• a compound of formula (I) is present initially in either the water or the solvent/SFA blend.
• Suitable solvents for use in MEs include those hereinbefore described for use in ECs or in EWs.
• An ME may be either an oil-in-water or a water-in-oil system (which system is present may be determined by conductivity measurements) and may be suitable for mixing water-soluble and oil-soluble pesticides in the same formulation.
• An ME is suitable for dilution into water, either remaining as a microemulsion or forming a conventional oil-in-water emulsion.
• SC Suspension concentrates
• SCs may comprise aqueous or non-aqueous suspensions of finely divided insoluble solid particles of a compound of formula (I).
• SCs may be prepared by ball or bead milling the solid compound of formula (I) in a suitable medium, optionally with one or more dispersing agents, to produce a fine particle suspension of the compound.
• One or more wetting agents may be included in the composition and a suspending agent may be included to reduce the rate at which the particles settle.
• a compound of formula (I) may be dry milled and added to water, containing agents hereinbefore described, to produce the desired end product.
• Aerosol formulations comprise a compound of formula (I) and a suitable propellant (for example /V-butane).
• a compound of formula (I) may also be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable medium (for example water or a water miscible liquid, such as /V-propanol) to provide compositions for use in non-pressurised, hand-actuated spray pumps.
• a compound of formula (I) may be mixed in the dry state with a pyrotechnic mixture to form a composition suitable for generating, in an enclosed space, a smoke containing the compound.
• Capsule suspensions (CS) may be prepared in a manner similar to the preparation of EW formulations but with an additional polymerisation stage such that an aqueous dispersion of oil droplets is obtained, in which each oil droplet is encapsulated by a polymeric shell and contains a compound of formula (I) and, optionally, a carrier or diluent therefor.
• the polymeric shell may be produced by either an interfacial polycondensation reaction or by a coacervation procedure.
• the compositions may provide for controlled release of the compound of formula (I) and they may be used for seed treatment.
• a compound of formula (I) may also be formulated in a biodegradable polymeric matrix to provide a slow, controlled release of the compound.
• a composition may include one or more additives to improve the biological performance of the composition (for example by improving wetting, retention or distribution on surfaces; resistance to rain on treated surfaces; or uptake or mobility of a compound of formula (I)).
• additives include surface active agents, spray additives based on oils, for example certain mineral oils or natural plant oils (such as soy bean and rape seed oil), and blends of these with other bio-enhancing adjuvants (ingredients which may aid or modify the action of a compound of formula (I)).
• a compound of formula (I) may also be formulated for use as a seed treatment, for example as a powder composition, including a powder for dry seed treatment (DS), a water soluble powder (SS) or a water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), or as a liquid composition, including a flowable concentrate (FS), a solution (LS) or a capsule suspension (CS).
• DS powder for dry seed treatment
• SS water soluble powder
• WS water dispersible powder for slurry treatment
• CS capsule suspension
• the preparations of DS, SS, WS, FS and LS compositions are very similar to those of, respectively, DP, SP, WP, SC and DC compositions described above.
• Compositions for treating seed may include an agent for assisting the adhesion of the composition to the seed (for example a mineral oil or a film-forming barrier).
• Wetting agents, dispersing agents and emulsifying agents may be SFAs of the cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic type.
• Suitable SFAs of the cationic type include quaternary ammonium compounds (for example cetyltri methyl ammonium bromide), imidazolines and amine salts.
• Suitable anionic SFAs include alkali metals salts of fatty acids, salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid (for example sodium lauryl sulphate), salts of sulphonated aromatic compounds (for example sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, butylnaphthalene sulphonate and mixtures of sodium di- / ' sopropyl- and tri-/ ' sopropyl-naphthalene sulphonates), ether sulphates, alcohol ether sulphates (for example sodium laureth-3-sulphate), ether carboxylates (for example sodium laureth-3-carboxylate), phosphate esters (products from the reaction between one or more fatty alcohols and phosphoric acid (predominately mono-esters) or phosphorus pentoxide (predominately di-esters), for example the reaction between lauryl alcohol and tetra
• Suitable SFAs of the amphoteric type include betaines, propionates and glycinates.
• Suitable SFAs of the non-ionic type include condensation products of alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof, with fatty alcohols (such as oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol) or with alkylphenols (such as
• octylphenol nonylphenol or octylcresol
• partial esters derived from long chain fatty acids or hexitol anhydrides condensation products of said partial esters with ethylene oxide; block polymers (comprising ethylene oxide and propylene oxide); alkanolamides; simple esters (for example fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters); amine oxides (for example lauryl dimethyl amine oxide); and lecithins.
• Suitable suspending agents include hydrophilic colloids (such as polysaccharides, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and swelling clays (such as bentonite or attapulgite).
• hydrophilic colloids such as polysaccharides, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium carboxymethylcellulose
• swelling clays such as bentonite or attapulgite
• a compound of formula (I) may be applied by any of the known means of applying fungicidal compounds. For example, it may be applied, formulated or unformulated, to any part of the plant, including the foliage, stems, branches or roots, to the seed before it is planted or to other media in which plants are growing or are to be planted (such as soil surrounding the roots, the soil generally, paddy water or hydroponic culture systems), directly or it may be sprayed on, dusted on, applied by dipping, applied as a cream or paste formulation, applied as a vapour or applied through distribution or incorporation of a composition (such as a granular composition or a composition packed in a water- soluble bag) in soil or an aqueous environment.
• a composition such as a granular composition or a composition packed in a water- soluble bag
• a compound of formula (I) may also be injected into plants or sprayed onto vegetation using electrodynamic spraying techniques or other low volume methods, or applied by land or aerial irrigation systems.
• Compositions for use as aqueous preparations are generally supplied in the form of a concentrate containing a high proportion of the active ingredient, the concentrate being added to water before use.
• These concentrates which may include DCs, SCs, ECs, EWs, MEs, SGs, SPs, WPs, WGs and CSs, are often required to withstand storage for prolonged periods and, after such storage, to be capable of addition to water to form aqueous preparations which remain homogeneous for a sufficient time to enable them to be applied by conventional spray equipment.
• Such aqueous preparations may contain varying amounts of a compound of formula (I) (for example 0.0001 to 10%, by weight) depending upon the purpose for which they are to be used.
• a compound of formula (I) may be used in mixtures with fertilisers (for example nitrogen-, potassium- or phosphorus-containing fertilisers).
• Suitable formulation types include granules of fertiliser.
• the mixtures suitably contain up to 25% by weight of the compound of formula (I).
• the invention therefore also provides a fertiliser composition comprising a fertiliser and a compound of formula (I).
• compositions of this invention may contain other compounds having biological activity, for example micronutrients or compounds having similar or complementary fungicidal activity or which possess plant growth regulating, herbicidal, insecticidal, nematicidal or acaricidal activity.
• the resulting composition may have a broader spectrum of activity or a greater level of intrinsic activity than the compound of formula (I) alone. Further, the other fungicide may have a synergistic effect on the fungicidal activity of the compound of formula (I).
• the compound of formula (I) may be the sole active ingredient of the composition or it may be admixed with one or more additional active ingredients such as a pesticide, fungicide, synergist, herbicide or plant growth regulator where appropriate.
• An additional active ingredient may: provide a composition having a broader spectrum of activity or increased persistence at a locus; synergise the activity or complement the activity (for example by increasing the speed of effect or overcoming repellency) of the compound of formula (I); or help to overcome or prevent the development of resistance to individual components.
• the particular additional active ingredient will depend upon the intended utility of the composition.
• AC 382042 A/-(1-cyano-1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionamide
• acibenzolar-S-methyl alanycarb, aldimorph, anilazine, azaconazole, azafenidin, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benomyl, benthiavalicarb, biloxazol, bitertanol, blasticidin S, boscalid (new name for nicobifen), bromuconazole, bupirimate, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carbendazim chlorhydrate, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, CGA 41396, CGA 41397, chinomethionate, chlorbenzthiazone, chlorothalonil, chlorozolinate, clozylacon, copper containing compounds such
• the compounds of formula (I) may be mixed with soil, peat or other rooting media for the protection of plants against seed-borne, soil-borne or foliar fungal diseases.
• Some mixtures may comprise active ingredients, which have significantly different physical, chemical or biological properties such that they do not easily lend themselves to the same conventional formulation type.
• other formulation types may be prepared.
• one active ingredient is a water insoluble solid and the other a water insoluble liquid
• the resultant composition is a suspoemulsion (SE) formulation.
• TFA trifluoroacetic acid
• NCS /V-chlorosuccinimide
• NBS /V-bromosuccinimide
• LC-MS means Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and the description of the apparatus and the methods used are as follows:
• MS ZQ Mass Spectrometer from Waters single quadrupole mass spectrometer
• ionization method electrospray, polarity: positive ionization, capillary (kV) 3.00, cone (V) 30.00, Extractor (V) 3.00, source temperature (°C) 100, desolvation temperature (°C) 250, cone gas flow (L/Hr) 50, desolvation gas flow (L/Hr) 400, mass range: 150 to 1000 Da.
• MS ZMD Mass Spectrometer from Waters single quadrupole mass spectrometer
• ionization method electrospray, polarity: positive ionization, capillary (kV) 3.00, cone (V) 30.00, Extractor (V) 3.00, source temperature (°C) 150, desolvation temperature (°C) 320, cone gas flow (L/Hr) 50, desolvation gas flow (L/Hr) 400, mass range: 150 to 800 Da.
• MS ZQ Mass Spectrometer from Waters single quadrupole mass spectrometer
• ionization method electrospray, polarity: positive ionization, capillary (kV) 3.00, cone (V) 30.00, extractor (V) 3.00, source temperature (°C) 100, desolvation temperature (°C) 200, cone gas flow (L/Hr) 200, desolvation gas flow (L/Hr) 250, mass range: 150 to 800 Da.
• Sequence 1 i. P 2 S 5 , EtOH, rt; ii. Chloroacetone ( 2equiv.), D F, 50°C; iii. TFA, thioanisole, 0°C; iv. HOAT (1.5 equiv), EDCI (1.5 equiv), Et 3 N (1.5 equiv), DMF, rt.
• Step 1 benzyl Ay-(2-amino-1 , 1-dimethyl-2-thioxo-ethyl)carbamate
• Step 2 Preparation of benzyl A/-[1-methyl-1-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamate
• benzyl A/-(2-amino-1 ,1-dimethyl-2-thioxo-ethyl)carbamate 2.9 mmol, 580 mg
• DMF 5 ml_
• chloroacetone 4.7 mmol, 430 mg
• the reaction was cooled and taken up in EtOAc and the organic pahse was washed with water, brine and dried over Na 2 S0 4 filtered and evaporated.
• the crude product was purified by column
• Step 4 yield methyl (1Z)-2-[[2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetyl]amino]- A/-isopropenyl-2-methyl-propanimidothioate (Compound No. 28 Table 49)
• Step 1 Preparation of benzyl A/-(2-amino-1 , 1-dimethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)carbamate
• Step 3 Preparation of methyl 3-[1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-methyl-ethyl]isothiazole-
• Step 4 Preparation of methyl 3-(1-amino-1-methyl-ethyl)isothiazole-5-carboxylate
• Methyl 3-[1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-1-methyl-ethyl]isothiazole-5- carboxylate (0.82 mmol, 0.49 g) in CH 2 CI 2 (15 mL) and thioanisole (1 mL) cooled to 0°C was added TFA (3 mL) and the reaction was stirred for 30 min before being brought back to RT and stirred overnight.
• Step 5 Preparation of methyl 3-[1-[[2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl- acetyl]amino]-1-methyl-ethyl]isothiazole-5-carboxylate (Compound No. 62 of Table 50).
• Sequence 3 i. NCS, cat. HCI, DMF, rt; ii. KHC0 3 , TMS-acetylene, DME, rt; iii. a) TFA, CH 2 CI 2 , b) K 2 C0 3 , MeOH; iv. HOAT (1.5 equiv), EDCI (1 .5 equiv), Et 3 N (1.5 equiv), DMF, rt.
• NCS cat. HCI, DMF, rt
• ii. KHC0 3 TMS-acetylene, DME, rt
• Step 1 Preparation of te/f-butyl A/-[(2Z)-2-chloro-2-hydroxyimino-1 ,1-dimethyl- ethyl]carbamate
• reaction was then taken up in EtOAc and washed sequentially with water, brine, dried over MgS0 4 , filtered and evaporated to yield te/f-butyl A/-[1-methyl-1-(5-trimethylsilylisoxazol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamate as a white microcrystalline powder.
• Step 4 Preparation of 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-/V-(1-isoxazol-3-yl-1- methyl-ethyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (compound No. 39 Table 50)
• Sequence 4 i. a) NBS, TFA, AcOH,reflux; , b) K 2 C0 3 , MeOH rt; ii. HOAT (1.5 equiv), EDCI (1 .5 equiv), Et 3 N (1.5 equiv), D F, rt.
• Step_2 A/-[1-(4-bromoisoxazol-3-yl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6- quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (compound No. 45 Table 50)
• the reaction was quenched by addition of NH 4 CI sat. aq. solution and ammonium hydroxide (25% in H 2 0, 50 ml_) added.
• the reaction mixture was filtered over Celite to remove the precipitate and the filter pad washed with CH 2 CI 2 .
• the combine organic phase were washed with brine, dried over Na 2 S0 4 , filtered and evaporated.
• the crude product was purified by column chromatography over Si0 2 (CH 2 CI 2 /MeOH/NH 4 OH 95:4.5:0.5) to yield 2-(4-methyl-2-pyridyl)propan-2-amine as yellow oil.
• Step 2 Preparation of 2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-/V-[1-methyl-1-(4-methyl-2- pyridyl)ethyl]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (compound No. 18 Table 49)
• Example 6 This example illustrates the preparation of A/-[1-methyl-1-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-2- methylsulfanyl-2-[(3-vinyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]acetamide (compound No. 133 Table 51) according to the Scheme 6 depicted below.
• Step 1 Preparation of methyl 2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetate
• MeOH 100 ml_
• solid K 2 C0 3 25.4 mmol, 3.51 g
• Step 2 Preparation of methyl 2-methylsulfanyl-2-[(3-vinyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]acetate
• Step 4 Preparation of A/-[1-methyl-1-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-methylsulfanyl-2-[(3-vinyl-6- quinolyl)oxy]acetamide (compound No. 133 Table 51)
• Leaf disks of various plant species are cut from plants grown in the greenhouse. The cut leaf disks are placed in multiwell plates (24-well format) onto water agar. Immediately after cutting the leaf disks are sprayed with a test solution.
• the activity of the test compound is assessed as antifungal activity.
• Mycelia fragments or conidia suspensions of a fungus prepared either freshly from liquid cultures of the fungus or from cryogenic storage, are directly mixed into nutrient broth.
• DMSO solutions of the test compound (max. 10 mg/ml) is diluted with 0.025% Tween20 by factor 50 and 10 ⁇ of this solution is pipetted into a microtiter plate (96-well format) and the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores/mycelia fragments is then added to give an end concentration of the tested compound.
• the test plates are incubated at 24 °C and 96% rH in the dark. The inhibition of fungal growth is determined photometrically after 2 - 6 days and antifungal activity is calculated.
• Tomato leaf disks are placed on water agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
• the leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 1 day after application.
• the inoculated leaf disks are incubated at 16°C and 75% rh under a light regime of 24 h darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf disks (5 - 7 days after application).
• Grape vine leaf disks are placed on water agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
• the leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 1 day after application.
• the inoculated leaf disks are incubated at 19°C and 80% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf disks (6 - 8 days after application).
• Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
• the leaf disks are inoculated by shaking powdery mildew infected plants above the test plates 1 day after application.
• the inoculated leaf disks are incubated at 20°C and 60% rh under a light regime of 24 h darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate chamber and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check leaf segments (6 - 8 days after application).
• Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Septoria nodorum) / wheat / leaf disc preventative (Glume blotch)
• Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
• the leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application.
• the inoculated test leaf disks are incubated at 20°C and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf disks (5 - 7 days after application).
• Mycelia fragments and oospores of a newly grown liquid culture of the fungus are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal mycelia/spore mixture is added. The test plates are incubated at 24°C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 2-3 days after application.
• DMSO DMSO

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