EP2689403A1 - Monitoring system - Google Patents

Monitoring system

Info

Publication number
EP2689403A1
EP2689403A1 EP12715146.2A EP12715146A EP2689403A1 EP 2689403 A1 EP2689403 A1 EP 2689403A1 EP 12715146 A EP12715146 A EP 12715146A EP 2689403 A1 EP2689403 A1 EP 2689403A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
management center
network
monitoring
configuration
stations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12715146.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Avignon
Lionel Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Applications Techniques Etudes Realisations Mecaniques Electroniques Systemes ATERMES
Original Assignee
Applications Techniques Etudes Realisations Mecaniques Electroniques Systemes ATERMES
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Applications Techniques Etudes Realisations Mecaniques Electroniques Systemes ATERMES filed Critical Applications Techniques Etudes Realisations Mecaniques Electroniques Systemes ATERMES
Publication of EP2689403A1 publication Critical patent/EP2689403A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • H04N7/181—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/886—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for alarm systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
    • G08B13/19645—Multiple cameras, each having view on one of a plurality of scenes, e.g. multiple cameras for multi-room surveillance or for tracking an object by view hand-over
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19654—Details concerning communication with a camera
    • G08B13/1966—Wireless systems, other than telephone systems, used to communicate with a camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
    • G01S13/867—Combination of radar systems with cameras

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a surveillance system adapted to detect the presence of intruders in a given area.
  • optronics allows the user to immediately remove the doubt about the dangerousness of the intrusion by generally combining information from an optical sensor to an image processing system and a system for displaying or storing information resulting from the image processing performed.
  • Monitoring systems can be implemented in many applications, for example on a border site or in an industrial site or site.
  • Surveillance systems are known that include watchtowers, at the top of which a camera sweeps across the area to be monitored. If this type of system allows for long-range visibility when the surrounding terrain is flat, the presence of obstacles, as may be mountains or buildings for example, near the towers complicates the monitoring operations. notably requiring considerable tower heights.
  • the present invention aims to allow the use of mobile monitoring equipment in facilities that are easy to implement, for reliable operation and yet low costs in construction and operation. It also aims, through the mobility of equipment, their management and control in operation, to lead to a furtive surveillance, remaining effective to report the presence of intruders, but undetectable.
  • the invention consists in principle, it takes the form: of a method "or jjn ..matériel, .to provide a new monitoring technique, ui siaffranchisse the aforementioned drawbacks and which is particularly fast. - Set up and reliable.
  • the monitoring system comprises a network of monitoring stations each equipped with detection means, in which these monitoring stations are arranged according to a configuration of the network which is automatically calculated by software means equipping a management center. which is part of the network and which is in permanent radio link with the monitoring stations.
  • the initial position of each monitoring station is determined automatically by a calculation taking into account characteristics pre-recorded in the management center. This position can be automatically updated by the management center on the basis of information relating to the actual positioning and operation of the monitoring stations that the management center receives in real time.
  • the pre-recorded characteristics take the form of a three-dimensional mapping of the area to be monitored and that of the technical characteristics of each detection means available. This takes into account reliefs and points-of-passage required to have the detection means at places -the most suited to their operating characteristics. It is therefore particularly advantageous for the management center to be able to calculate determining the positions of monitoring stations and detection means for example that 'is a camera at the reduced scan spectrum which is used to monitor urr narrow path and that' are of wide scan spectrum cameras that are positioned to monitor an open plain.
  • the calculation of the network configuration consists in particular in determining by calculation the position of each of the stations of. monitoring against each other and the management center. It : is also to determine by calculation the operating data that must be respected each means of detection and identification of intruders.
  • the software resources of the management center thus make it possible to obtain an optimized network configuration in that the area to be monitored is covered by all the detection means, possibly with compliance with conditions imposed by strategic considerations such as the fact that ensure by this calculation that the scanning surfaces of two neighboring detection means have a common portion to provide redundancy at certain points of the area to be monitored.
  • the objective of the invention is to provide an optimized monitoring network for intruder detection and it is advantageous to make any network configuration changes before the appearance of an intruder, so as to have an optimized network to not miss this presence detection.
  • the management center communicates in real time with each of the monitoring stations, in particular to receive information on the actual position of the monitoring stations or on the data of the monitoring stations. operation of the detection means, and it calculates in real time a new configuration of the network when one of the information received is different from those corresponding to the configuration of the network that it had; previously calculated.
  • the configuration of the. network can adapt it to the field conditions, or to a possible failure of one of the detection means. For example, one can consider.
  • Network stations can not be located at the intended location for reasons that could not be detected on the study by the management center .
  • three-dimensional cartography as for example the presence of a too strong wind on a clear plateau which could penalize measurements.
  • a monitoring station has been placed correctly in relation to the configuration of the network initially calculated but that the detection means associated with this station send as information that an obstacle hinders visibility.
  • the network configuration is then automatically recalculated and in particular the remaining monitoring stations are given a new initial position.
  • the communication means for exchanging information between the monitoring stations and the management center comprise a transceiver for low-speed communications with the management center and a transmitter for high-speed communications to the control center.
  • management Center a transceiver for low-speed communications with the management center and a transmitter for high-speed communications to the control center.
  • management Center a transceiver for low-speed communications with the management center and a transmitter for high-speed communications to the control center.
  • management Center the low-speed communications allow a two-way exchange between the management center and the monitoring stations, in particular to enable the real-time calculation of an efficient configuration of the network, while the broadband communications in one direction, from the monitoring station to the management center, including the transmission of flu video for the control by an operator of the images of the area to be monitored in real time.
  • one can thus use these two types of radio link for different uses the low speed link being continuously used omnidirectiohnelle as soon as the beacon is deployed while the broadband link is used only occasionally when an alert is launched via the low speed link.
  • the management center is embedded on a mobile unit that is adapted to move to deposit each monitoring station to its initial position determined by the management center and then to withdraw after the filing of all the stations forming the network.
  • the invention makes it possible in particular to provide a particularly reliable monitoring system that can adapt to any type of terrain regardless of the associated reliefs, this system can be moved or reconfigured regularly to surprise intruders possible and quickly not to create dangerous situations when laying monitoring stations, with very specific instructions to comply with a network configuration that is calculated to facilitate the detection of intruders.
  • FIG. 1 represents a surveillance system according to the invention, in which a management center and several control stations monitoring form a network to detect intrusions in a given area;
  • Figure 2 schematically illustrates the communication between the management center and some network monitoring stations shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram representative of the monitoring method according to the invention.
  • the monitoring system represented in FIG. 1 comprises a network of monitoring stations 2 arranged to cover a given area together, as well as a management center 4 set back from the monitoring stations and which is adapted to communicate with each of the stations. supervisory authority.
  • the management center is able to communicate with five monitoring stations.
  • a management center supports four to six monitoring stations. It will be understood that this number of monitoring stations is more of a strategic choice than a technical choice and therefore the invention is not limited to the number of management centers and monitoring stations.
  • the area to be monitored shown striped in Figure 1, extends substantially over a distance of fifty linear kilometers, on which the system must detect and identify intrusions and crossings. The depth of the area to be monitored is determined so that a visual confirmation of alert can be made before the intruder has completed the crossing of the area to be monitored.
  • Each monitoring station comprises at least one beacon mounted on a support 8, as well as . autonomous power supply means and means of communication with the management center, said control station monitoring being movable in that it is possible to move, the support for adjusting the position of the monitoring station relative to its initial position in the determined area. .
  • the beacon is deployable and retractable within the support. It comprises a telescopic mast 1 0 at the free end of which is a detection head 12.
  • the mast 10 is mounted in the support so that the beacon is adapted to move from a retracted state, in which it is fully housed in the support and thus protected weather conditions and possible attacks from third parties, to a deployed state in which the head is for example two meters from the ground and can be oriented angularly.
  • the head 12 includes detection means necessary for the detection of presence in the area to be monitored, which may in particular take the form of one or more cameras and which may be high-definition identification means, such as a camera high resolution.
  • detection means necessary for the detection of presence in the area to be monitored, which may in particular take the form of one or more cameras and which may be high-definition identification means, such as a camera high resolution.
  • the presence of different cameras makes it possible to use several frequency bands and for example the visible, the near infrared, and the infrared in the ranges Bl l or Bill.
  • RADAR means As will be described below in the use of the system, it is interesting to provide further the detection head of a laser rangefinder and a laser pointer.
  • the head will be equipped with a researcher North to be able to direct the sensors and cameras in the desired direction.
  • a monitoring station may integrate a location RADAR to scan a large area of plain, being less sensitive to the atmospheric conditions of the optronic detection means that will be worn by the other monitoring stations of the system.
  • the support has the shape of a box at the bottom of which is articulated telescopic mast.
  • each medium comprises, in addition to the beacon, at least one satellite geolocation device, a calculation module and radio communication means 14 adapted to allow communication between the monitoring station and the management center and that the communication of the monitoring posts between them.
  • the calculation module integrates an automatic intruder detection software which receives as input all the measurements made by the on-board devices on the detection head associated with this monitoring station.
  • the calculation module can be parameterized during the setting up of the monitoring station for a better selectivity of the alerts depending on the terrain on which the operator places it, and as will be described below, the management center can send changes to the calculation module parameterization during the mission.
  • the calculation module also performs a local backup, for example by a sliding window recording of the last minutes of the videos received by the cameras and analyzed by the software.
  • the computation module integrates an image processing function so that it receives the images taken by the head-mounted camera associated with this monitoring station, and that it processes them so that subsequently this still image , but very high definition, can be studied to ensure the accuracy of the alert.
  • the communication means comprise on the one hand a radio transceiver for providing a low-speed link and on the other hand a radio transmitter and an associated steerable radio antenna to ensure high-speed transmission to the management center.
  • the information relating to the operation of the detection means and the position of the monitoring station, which are intended to flow in one direction or the other between the management center and the monitoring station are transmitted at low speed, using, for example, a GSM or 3G network, or high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) radio frequencies.
  • the videos are transmitted in one direction from the monitoring station to the management center, broadband, using for example a Wl MAX transmission mode.
  • a video compression box is provided in the support to promote this transmission.
  • the low-speed radio transceiver is formed by a fixed antenna that transmits omnidirectionally whereas the high-speed communication means are formed by a directional antenna with high electromagnetic gain that are triggered only occasionally, depending on the content of the communications between the radio transceiver and the management center.
  • the directional antenna is thus directed to the management center and made operational only when a potential intrusion is detected by the beacon, which allows a saving of energy and a greater autonomy of the beacon.
  • the means of communication between the management center and the monitoring stations take into account existing networks such as of. alternative links in the event of a failure of onboard HF and VHF radio communications. In these cases, the quality of the transmissions is adapted to the capacity of the available transmission networks.
  • the support is adapted to receive and integrate with the beacon means for detecting the close presence of individuals, in order to be able to launch automatically, without prior intervention of the management center, a self-protection operation which consists in to pass the beacon in the retrieved state described above when individuals are approaching and they may locate the monitoring station if the beacon is deployed.
  • a self-protection operation which consists in to pass the beacon in the retrieved state described above when individuals are approaching and they may locate the monitoring station if the beacon is deployed.
  • PIR infrared presence detector
  • radar detector or a seismic detector.
  • Other equipment can be provided, and it can in particular equip the monitoring station with a self-destruct load, which is then disposed in the support.
  • the medium comprises autonomous power supply means, for example photovoltaic cells, and it can integrate a consumable energy source such as a generator or a fuel cell device.
  • the support has a camouflage coating and is arranged to be as unobtrusive as possible. It is thus sought to have an autonomous monitoring station in food and discrete.
  • An automatic leveling device is provided to adjust the support attitude so that the monitoring station is positioned in accordance with the intended network configuration.
  • the support comprises four legs which are mounted on jack, each cylinder being adapted to more or less extend to adjust the attitude according to the slope of the ground on which the support was deposited.
  • the beacon of a monitoring station provides a presence detection performance which may vary in
  • each intruder detection is signaled via the transceiver which exchanges communications with the management center at low speed so that this intruder detection is subject to possible verification and identification. by an operator, and in return, the detection beacon can be remotely controlled from the management center.
  • the content of the low-speed communications on the positioning and operation of the stations is used by the management center for the calculation of a new network configuration while the content of the low-speed communications on the presence detection generates the operation of the stations.
  • the mobile antenna attached to the telescopic mast for transmitting video streams to the management center. It is noted that the antenna is mounted on the mast so that it can rotate independently of the head, to always be oriented towards the management center while the head is turned towards the intruder.
  • the management center is located away from the monitoring stations, as far as possible to not be detected by -des. intruder from the area to be monitored, while being within communication range with each of the monitoring stations.
  • the management center is embedded on a distributor vehicle, whose mobility makes it possible, on the one hand, to quickly dispose of the monitoring stations, and to withdraw them as soon as a new zone must be monitored, and on the other hand. to position quickly after the installation of the monitoring stations the management center in a position set back from the area to be monitored and equidistant from the beacons.
  • the distributor vehicle is equipped with lifting means for handling the monitoring stations. It also includes a satellite geolocation device.
  • the management center has a calculator.
  • the computer plays a role upstream in the preparation of the operation, by the calculation it makes of the configuration of the network, and it also plays a role during operation, by interacting with the actual monitoring stations and by real-time automatic calculation of a new network configuration when necessary, which may result in a change in position of the stations not yet in place and remote control of tags already deposited.
  • the monitoring stations are arranged relative to each other and to the management center according to a network configuration defined by software means that equip the management center computer here.
  • This configuration of the network takes into consideration the technical characteristics of the detection means available. to arrange them according to the iridimensional cartography of the area to be monitored.
  • the software means can integrate for this purpose a wave propagation calculation algorithm to ensure that the Theoretical arrangement of the tags allows the communication between the tags and the management center. .
  • the configuration of the network can evolve in fair weather: the beacons can be changed position, including the remaining tags to be installed. and always embarked on the vehicle, or the operation of the own detection means of each tag can be changed remotely.
  • the beacons must be calibrated again at the time of their removal to the ground to ensure that the detection criteria refer to the three-dimensional image processing means of the beacon and which refer to theoretical mapping data, are always consistent.
  • the laser rangefinder then makes it possible to point an element of the decoration and to communicate to the management center via the fixed antenna the distance at which the beacon is from this element of the decoration.
  • the management center takes this element into account in order to determine if the detection criteria must change, and for example the size of the pixels to be detected on the shots.
  • the calculator receives - in real time! information on the actual position of the monitoring stations, on the retracted state or ... deployed beacons for each of the monitoring stations and on the operating data of the detection means, and these data are immediately integrated by the software means to calculate a new network configuration.
  • the software means automatically calculate, based on the information they receive in real time a new configuration of the network to adapt to changes that may occur during the monitoring operation.
  • the software means receive, as input, prerecorded information such as a three-dimensional cartography of the area to be monitored and all the strategic considerations associated with this map, namely, for example, the importance of this or that passage in the area to be monitored or the possibility of a contrario. leaving parts of this area unmonitored as impractical for potential intruders.
  • the pre-recorded information also includes all the technical characteristics of the detection means available to perform the monitoring operation. By way of example, among these technical characteristics, we can mention the height at which the beacon head can be deployed, the maximum range of the cameras, the speed and the scanning angle of these cameras, or the number of pixels of the camera. the camera, but it will be understood that other features may be used without departing from the context of the invention.
  • the management center further comprises communication means adapted to correspond with the means 14 communication of the monitoring stations, in particular to receive intruder detection alerts.
  • First means of communication are adapted to exchange at a low rate almost continuously with the monitoring stations, while second communication means are adapted to receive occasional high-speed information from the monitoring stations.
  • second communication means are adapted to receive occasional high-speed information from the monitoring stations.
  • an operator is able from the management center to interact remotely with the monitoring station or positions that have been identified as responsible for this alert, and in particular to take remote control, to manually direct the means detection and to acquire additional data.
  • the management center includes local backup means, in archiving, information from each of the monitoring stations.
  • the computer 30 of the management center 31 records the three-dimensional cartography 32 corresponding to the zone to be monitored and the technical characteristics 33 of the detection means.
  • the software means integrated in the computer determines by calculation a configuration of. network 34 defining precisely the number of monitoring stations 35 to have to cover this 2one and their position. - ⁇ . All necessary monitoring stations are placed in the delivery vehicle; each; with the tag associated in a state, retracted. The distributor vehicle moves and installs according to the calculated network configuration-each. surveillance stations at the place assigned to it by software means.
  • the management center may be only partially operational, with for example the computer that is operational and the transmission equipment that is in degraded mode while the embedded tags are stopped or in refill.
  • the dispensing vehicle can withdraw and come to the place that has been assigned to it also by the software means, so that the center management that remains on board the vehicle is positioned correctly in relation to the monitoring stations to wait for alerts from the stations.
  • one of the monitoring stations in its support may be disposed of at the place assigned to it by the software means.
  • flora which is not taken into account by the software means because it is not recorded in the input data formed by the three-dimensional cartography, prevents the positioning of the tag strictly at the assigned location.
  • the monitoring station which sends in real time to the management center information on position and on the operating data of the detection means, is located precisely. Since, in this case, the answer to question 37 is whether the originally calculated network configuration is. modified is positive, the software means associated with the management center integrate in real time this information 36 to automatically recalculate the configuration of the network by always conforming to the calculation criteria given to it, namely to ensure that the area to monitor is perfectly covered, with redundancies between tags.
  • the management center calculates a new configuration of the network that takes into account real and not just theoretical constraints.
  • the management center transmits specific information if the positions assigned to the monitoring stations that remain to be set need to be modified.
  • the management center can also send by low speed radio communication information to the beacons already in place in the field to automatically modify the operating data of the detection means and for example the orientation of the detection head or the conditions of ⁇ . scanning cameras in the head *
  • the information sent to the tags can also be a change in the detection criteria and for example the size of the pixels to be detected in this or that zone.
  • changing the location of a beacon a few meters can greatly change the perspective of the shooting.
  • the detection head is piloted from the management center and the laser rangefinder is pointed at an element of the decoration.
  • This control of the position by the use of the laser rangefinder can be done on demand by the management center, even if the beacon has been placed in the exact theoretical position,
  • the beacons ensure their role of automatic surveillance of the part of the zone that they must cover. This part to be covered is adjustable according to the practical constraints, by a parameterization before the passage of the beacons to a deployed state and / or by retouching carried out during operation via the low-speed link installed between each monitoring station and the management Center.
  • the beacon can be put in a secure mode with a retracted position in the support .
  • a signal 38 is emitted by the low-speed link to the on-board management center on the distributor vehicle.
  • This signal contains classification elements of the alert and the position of the part of the determined zone in which the alert occurs.
  • the video of the sliding window which contains the sequence that gave rise to it, is saved. .
  • the broadband transmitter is routed, with the associated antenna which is oriented towards the gestiùh center using for this purpose the satellite coordinates from the geolocation devices present in the monitoring station and in the distributor vehicle.
  • the video is transmitted in real time to the center of management.
  • the operator can then take the 39 control beacon manually through a control lever and move the cameras • tagged at will to scrutinize the party, -the monitored zone has been .fait detection.
  • the operator can on request, if the observationv. direct does not allow him to raise the doubt about the relevance of the alert, to have the video of the sequence which gave rise to the detection of intruders or to have access to the photo taken at the moment of the detection to look at it, such as it could be processed by the computation module of the monitoring station.
  • video and / or photo means here are of great interest to the operator who can remove the doubt and decide precisely the scope of the action to engage more reliably than with a radar control.
  • the operator can then for example decide to send an intervention team on site.
  • the operator can geolocate it by determining its position relative to a monitoring station using the laser range finder in the beacon head. He can take an active part in the interception phase of intruders by helping the intervention team equipped with night vision instruments by illuminating the intruder by means of the laser pointer.
  • the software means integrated in the management center calculator make it possible to automate the calculation of a network configuration, thereby enabling a very fast calculation despite all the constraints taken into consideration, and it also allows, as has been summer: said previously, to adapt these theoretical plans to the constraints of the field, in an automatic calculation in real time.
  • the monitoring system is especially effective since the software means are also able to organize a new distribution of tags or at least new operating data of the detection means of each of the monitoring stations, as soon as one of the posts is moved, hidden, paused, or destroyed.
  • the surveillance system is quick to set up and move, and the system can be deployed and operated with a crew of two people. The .
  • monitoring system is safe for the control operator, the ' ' management center being on board an off-road vehicle capable of setting up the monitoring stations and interact with them, whatever the operating conditions. the regular force of a patrol to keep a wide band of land under continuous surveillance while remaining in perfect security.
  • the surveillance system has a one-week autonomy without intervention at the beacons deployed on the ground, and about a day without refueling at the management center.
  • the monitoring system according to the invention is modular in particular with respect to the number and type of beacons to be deployed; on the one hand, different measurements can be made on a monitoring station and its neighbor depending on the part they have to monitor, and on the other hand, for the same measure, different detection technologies can be integrated into the different monitoring stations.
  • the network layout is particularly useful when a tag has detected an intruder potential at night or in fog, it is then desired to perform an active imaging of the area which consists of a shooting.
  • a cooperative mode is set up between several beacons so that the lighting is achieved by the means of intense illumination of a beacon and for the shots to be taken. realized since another beacon.
  • the management center receives information from one. possible intrusion and the existence of reduced visibility, by; •• • 'the embedded light sensors of intefftiédiaire on ia -balise by Sample. An estimation is made of the determined zone in which the intrusion detected by a laser pointing by the range finder of the beacon which has carried out the intrusion detection takes place. The information is.
  • beacons are operated in cooperative mode when the beacon detects an intruder in conditions of low visibility, such as night or fog.
  • the optical effect of active imaging is reproduced without the complexity of the ultra-precise temporal synchronization of the source of. light.
  • the video from the camera also integrated in the head of detection and identification is also usable in identifying the intruder despite its lower resolution, especially for obtaining information on the behavior of the subject.
  • the management center may not be embarked on the distributor vehicle during surveillance operations but be safe in a control camp that centralizes the information. It is possible to envisage a system with several control camps and several management centers, the monitoring stations being then placed in a network of client server type.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a monitoring system comprising means for detecting presence in a determined zone as well as means of identifying detected intruders. The means of detection are distributed over various mobile monitoring stations (2). A network is formed by these monitoring stations and by a management centre (4) which is adapted for communicating with each of the monitoring stations and which comprises software means adapted for automatically calculating the configuration to be given to the network in order to monitor this zone and to thus optimize the means available as a function of the zone. The calculation of the configuration of the network is performed as a function of input data comprising on the one hand characteristics pre-recorded in the management centre and on the other hand elements of information which are at least in part provided from said monitoring stations once in place on said zone.

Description

SYSTEME DE SURVEILLANCE  SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
La présente" invention concerne un système de ^surveillance adapté à détecter la présence d'intrus dans une zone déterminée.. The present invention relates to a surveillance system adapted to detect the presence of intruders in a given area.
En matière de détection d'intrus, contrairement au radar qui ne fait que générer une alerte difficilement interprétable, l'optronique permet à l'utilisateur de lever immédiatement le doute sur la dangerosité de l'intrusion en associant généralement les informations en provenance d'un capteur optique à un système de traitement d'images et à un système d'affichage ou de mémorisation des informations résultant du traitement d'images effectué. In terms of intruder detection, unlike the radar that only generates a difficult to interpret alert, optronics allows the user to immediately remove the doubt about the dangerousness of the intrusion by generally combining information from an optical sensor to an image processing system and a system for displaying or storing information resulting from the image processing performed.
Des systèmes de surveillance peuvent être mis en place dans de nombreuses applications, aussi bien par exemple sur un site frontalier que dans un site industriel ou un chantier. On connaît des systèmes de surveillance qui comportent des tours de guet, au sommet desquelles une caméra balaye de façon large la zone à surveiller. Si ce type de système permet d'avoir une visibilité à longue distance lorsque le relief alentour est plat, la présence d'obstacles, comme peuvent l'être des montagnes ou des bâtiments par exemple, à proximité des tours complique les opérations de surveillance en nécessitant notamment des hauteurs de tour conséquentes. Monitoring systems can be implemented in many applications, for example on a border site or in an industrial site or site. Surveillance systems are known that include watchtowers, at the top of which a camera sweeps across the area to be monitored. If this type of system allows for long-range visibility when the surrounding terrain is flat, the presence of obstacles, as may be mountains or buildings for example, near the towers complicates the monitoring operations. notably requiring considerable tower heights.
La présente invention vise à permettre l'utilisation d'équipements de surveillance mobiles dans des installations faciles à mettre en œuvre, pour un fonctionnement fiable et néanmoins des coûts faibles en construction et en fonctionnement. Elle vise aussi, par la mobilité des équipements, leur gestion et leur contrôle en fonctionnement, -à conduire à une surveillance furtive, restant efficace à signaler ia présence d'intrus , mais indétectable. L'invention consiste dans son principe, qu'elle prenne la forme : d'un procédé" ou d'jjn ..matériel, .à proposer une nouvelle technique de surveillance , ui siaffranchisse des inconvénients précédemment cités et qui soit notamment rapide à. -mettre en place et fiable. The present invention aims to allow the use of mobile monitoring equipment in facilities that are easy to implement, for reliable operation and yet low costs in construction and operation. It also aims, through the mobility of equipment, their management and control in operation, to lead to a furtive surveillance, remaining effective to report the presence of intruders, but undetectable. The invention consists in principle, it takes the form: of a method "or jjn ..matériel, .to provide a new monitoring technique, ui siaffranchisse the aforementioned drawbacks and which is particularly fast. - Set up and reliable.
Selon l'invention,- le système de surveillance comporte un réseau de postes de surveillance équipés chacun de moyens de détection , dans lequel ces postes de surveillance sont disposés selon une configuration du réseau qui est calculée automatiquement par des moyens logiciels équipant un centre de gestion qui fait partie du réseau et qui se trouve en liaison radio permanente avec les postes de surveillance. According to the invention, the monitoring system comprises a network of monitoring stations each equipped with detection means, in which these monitoring stations are arranged according to a configuration of the network which is automatically calculated by software means equipping a management center. which is part of the network and which is in permanent radio link with the monitoring stations.
La position initiale de chaque poste de surveillance est déterminée automatiquement par un calcul prenant en compte des caractéristiques pré-enregistrées dans le centre de gestion. Cette position peut être mise à jour automatiquement par le centre de gestion sur la base des informations relatives au positionnement effectif et au fonctionnement des postes de surveillance que le centre de gestion reçoit en temps réel. The initial position of each monitoring station is determined automatically by a calculation taking into account characteristics pre-recorded in the management center. This position can be automatically updated by the management center on the basis of information relating to the actual positioning and operation of the monitoring stations that the management center receives in real time.
On a ainsi un système de surveillance particulièrement performant puisque la position des postes de surveillance prend en compte aussi bien les contraintes pratiques et théoriques, qu'elles soient matérielles ou géographiques, et puisque cette position peut être modifiée sans préjudice, la meilleure configuration du . réseau étant calculée en temps réel quelle que soit la modification apportée à l'un des membres de ce réseau. , There is thus a particularly effective surveillance system since the position of the monitoring stations takes into account practical and theoretical constraints, whether material or geographical, and since this position can be modified without prejudice, the best configuration of the. network being calculated in real time regardless of the modification made to one of the members of this network. ,
Les caractéristiques pré-enregistrées prennent aussi bien la forme d'une cartographie tridimensionnelle de la zone à surveiller que • celle des .caractéristiques techniques .propres à chaque, 'moyen de détection à disposition. On tient ainsi compte des reliefs et dès -points de passage obligés pour disposer les moyens de détection aux endroits -les plus adaptés à leurs caractéristiques de fonctionnement. Il est dès lors particulièrement avantageux que le centre de gestion puisse par le calcul déterminer les positions de postes de surveillance et des moyens de détection pour que par exemple ce ' soit une caméra au spectre de balayage réduit qui soit utilisée pour surveiller urr chemin étroit et que ce' soient des caméras à large spectre de balayage qui sont placées pour surveiller une plaine dégagée. The pre-recorded characteristics take the form of a three-dimensional mapping of the area to be monitored and that of the technical characteristics of each detection means available. This takes into account reliefs and points-of-passage required to have the detection means at places -the most suited to their operating characteristics. It is therefore particularly advantageous for the management center to be able to calculate determining the positions of monitoring stations and detection means for example that 'is a camera at the reduced scan spectrum which is used to monitor urr narrow path and that' are of wide scan spectrum cameras that are positioned to monitor an open plain.
Le calcul de la configuration du réseau consiste notamment à déterminer par le calcul la position de chacun des postes de . surveillance les uns par rapport aux autres et par rapport au centre de gestion. Il:, consiste également à déterminer par le calcul les données de fonctionnement que doit respecter chaque moyen de détection et d'identification des intrus. Les moyens logiciels du centre de gestion permettent ainsi d'obtenir une configuration du réseau optimisée en ce que la zone à surveiller est couverte par l'ensemble des moyens de détection, avec éventuellement le respect de conditions imposées par des considérations stratégiques comme le fait de s'assurer par ce calcul que les surfaces de balayage de deux moyens de détection voisins aient une partie commune pour assurer une redondance en certains points de la zone à surveiller. The calculation of the network configuration consists in particular in determining by calculation the position of each of the stations of. monitoring against each other and the management center. It : is also to determine by calculation the operating data that must be respected each means of detection and identification of intruders. The software resources of the management center thus make it possible to obtain an optimized network configuration in that the area to be monitored is covered by all the detection means, possibly with compliance with conditions imposed by strategic considerations such as the fact that ensure by this calculation that the scanning surfaces of two neighboring detection means have a common portion to provide redundancy at certain points of the area to be monitored.
On observe que ce sont les informations de positionnement et de fonctionnement des postes de surveillance qui participent au calcul en temps réel de la nouvelle configuration du réseau, et non pas des informations de détection de présence. L'objectif selon l'invention est de proposer un réseau de surveillance optimisé pour la détection d'intrus et il est avantageux de procéder aux éventuelles modifications de configuration du réseau avant l'apparition d'un intrus, de manière à avoir un réseau optimisé pour ne pas rater cette détection de présence. , It is observed that it is the positioning and operating information of the monitoring stations that participate in the real-time calculation of the new configuration of the network, and not presence detection information. The objective of the invention is to provide an optimized monitoring network for intruder detection and it is advantageous to make any network configuration changes before the appearance of an intruder, so as to have an optimized network to not miss this presence detection. ,
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, le centre de gestion communique en.,temps réel avec chacun des postes de surveillance, notamment pour recevoir des informations sur la position effective des postes de surveillance ou sur les données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection, et il calcule en temps réel une nouvelle configuration du réseau lorsque l'une des informations reçues est différente de celles correspondant à la configuration du réseau qu'il avait; précédemment calculée. Ainsi, il est possible d'adapter .la configuration , du. réseau pour l'adapter aux conditions de terrain, ou à une éventuelle panne d'un des moyens de détection. On peut envisager par exemple qu'un, des. postes du réseau ne peut pas être posé à l'endroit prévu pour des raisons qui n'avaient pas pu être détectées sur l'étude par le centre de gestion .de la cartographie tridimensionnelle, comme par exemple la présence d'un vent trop fort sur un plateau dégagé qui risquerait de pénaliser les mesures. On peut également envisager qu'un poste de surveillance a été placé correctement par rapport à la configuration du réseau initialement calculée mais que les moyens de détection associés à ce poste envoient comme information qu'un obstacle gêne la visibilité. La configuration du réseau est alors automatiquement recalculée et notamment les postes de surveillance qui restent à poser se voient attribuer une nouvelle position initiale. According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the management center communicates in real time with each of the monitoring stations, in particular to receive information on the actual position of the monitoring stations or on the data of the monitoring stations. operation of the detection means, and it calculates in real time a new configuration of the network when one of the information received is different from those corresponding to the configuration of the network that it had; previously calculated. Thus, it is possible to adapt the configuration of the. network to adapt it to the field conditions, or to a possible failure of one of the detection means. For example, one can consider. Network stations can not be located at the intended location for reasons that could not be detected on the study by the management center . three-dimensional cartography, as for example the presence of a too strong wind on a clear plateau which could penalize measurements. It can also be envisaged that a monitoring station has been placed correctly in relation to the configuration of the network initially calculated but that the detection means associated with this station send as information that an obstacle hinders visibility. The network configuration is then automatically recalculated and in particular the remaining monitoring stations are given a new initial position.
Selon différentes caractéristiques de l'invention : According to various features of the invention:
- les moyens de communication permettant les échanges d'information entre les postes de surveillance et le centre de gestion comportent un émetteur-récepteur pour des communications à bas débit avec le centre de gestion ainsi qu'un émetteur pour des communications à haut débit vers le centre de gestion. On observe ainsi que les communications à bas débit permettent un échange dans les deux sens entre le centre de gestion et les postes de surveillance, notamment pour permettre le calcul en temps réel d'une configuration efficace du réseau, tandis que les communicaiions à haut débit se passent dans un sens, depuis le poste de surveillance vers le centre de gestion, notamment poux la transmission de flu vidéo servant au contrôle par un opérateur des images de la zone à surveiller en temps réel. Avantageusement, on peut ainsi utiliser ces deux types de liaison radio pour des usages différents, la liaison bas débit étant utilisée en continu de façon omnidirectiohnelle dès que la balise est déployée alors que la liaison haut débit n'est utilisée qu'occasionnellement lorsqu'une alerte est lancée par l'intermédiaire de la liaison bas débit. L'émetteur spécifique à cette liaison haut débit peut . alors être orienté vers le centre de gestion le temps de la transmission ; puis être rangé jusqu'à sa prochaine utilisation, ce qui est particulièrement intéressant par rapport à l'autonomie de fonctionnement de la balise. the communication means for exchanging information between the monitoring stations and the management center comprise a transceiver for low-speed communications with the management center and a transmitter for high-speed communications to the control center. management Center. It can thus be seen that the low-speed communications allow a two-way exchange between the management center and the monitoring stations, in particular to enable the real-time calculation of an efficient configuration of the network, while the broadband communications in one direction, from the monitoring station to the management center, including the transmission of flu video for the control by an operator of the images of the area to be monitored in real time. Advantageously, one can thus use these two types of radio link for different uses, the low speed link being continuously used omnidirectiohnelle as soon as the beacon is deployed while the broadband link is used only occasionally when an alert is launched via the low speed link. The transmitter specific to this broadband link can. then be directed to the management center the time of the transmission ; then be stored until its next use, which is particularly interesting compared to the operating autonomy of the tag.
- le centre de gestion est embarqué sur une unité mobile qui est adaptée à se déplacer pour déposer chaque poste de surveillance à sa position initiale déterminée par le centre de gestion puis pour se retirer après le dépôt de tous les postes formant le réseau. - The management center is embedded on a mobile unit that is adapted to move to deposit each monitoring station to its initial position determined by the management center and then to withdraw after the filing of all the stations forming the network.
Par ses différentes caractéristiques, telles qu'elles ont été succinctement définies ci-avant ou qu'elles seront plus loin définies, décrites et illustrées, et telles qu'elles peuvent être avantageusement mises en œuvre dans la pratique industrielle, séparément ou en chacune de leurs combinaisons techniquement opérantes, l'invention permet notamment de mettre à disposition un système de surveillance particulièrement fiable qui peut s'adapter à tout type de terrain quels que soient les reliefs associés, ce système pouvant être déplacé ou reconfiguré, régulièrement pour surprendre les intrus éventuels et rapidement pour ne pas créer de situations dangereuses lors de la pose des postes de surveillance, avec des instructions très précises pour respecter une configuration de réseau qui est calculée pour faciliter la détection d'intrus. By its various characteristics, as they have been briefly defined above or that they will be further defined, described and illustrated, and such that they can be advantageously implemented in industrial practice, separately or in each of their technically operating combinations, the invention makes it possible in particular to provide a particularly reliable monitoring system that can adapt to any type of terrain regardless of the associated reliefs, this system can be moved or reconfigured regularly to surprise intruders possible and quickly not to create dangerous situations when laying monitoring stations, with very specific instructions to comply with a network configuration that is calculated to facilitate the detection of intruders.
L'invention sera maintenant plus complètement décrite dans le cadre de caractéristiques préférées et de leurs avantages, e faisant référencé aux figures 1 à 3 qu'elle comporte, dans lesquelles : The invention will now be more fully described in the context of preferred features and their advantages, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 thereof, in which:
. - la figure 1 représente un système de surveillance selon l'invention, dans lequel un centre de gestion et plusieurs postes de surveillance forment un réseau pour détecter des intrusions dans une zone déterminée ; . FIG. 1 represents a surveillance system according to the invention, in which a management center and several control stations monitoring form a network to detect intrusions in a given area;
. ....·...-, la figure 2 illustre de façon schématique les communications entre le centre de gestion et certain des postes de surveillance du réseau illustré sur la figure 1 ; . . ... · .- .., Figure 2 schematically illustrates the communication between the management center and some network monitoring stations shown in Figure 1;
- et la figure 3 est un bloc diagramme représentatif du procédé de surveillance selon l'invention. and FIG. 3 is a block diagram representative of the monitoring method according to the invention.
Le système de surveillance représenté à la figure 1 comporte un réseau de postes de surveillance 2 disposés pour couvrir ensemble une zone déterminée, ainsi qu'un centre de gestion 4 disposé en retrait des postes de surveillance et qui est adapté à communiquer avec chacun des postes de surveillance respectif. The monitoring system represented in FIG. 1 comprises a network of monitoring stations 2 arranged to cover a given area together, as well as a management center 4 set back from the monitoring stations and which is adapted to communicate with each of the stations. supervisory authority.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le centre de gestion est apte à communiquer avec cinq postes de surveillance. Avantageusement, un centre de gestion prend en charge quatre à six postes de surveillance. On comprendra que ce nombre de postes de surveillance relève plus d'un choix stratégique que d'un choix technique et que dès lors, l'invention n'est pas limitée au nombre de centres de gestion et de postes de surveillance. Dans le cas cité, la zone à surveiller, représentée rayée sur la figure 1 , s'étend sensiblement sur une distance de cinquante kilomètres linéaires, sur laquelle le système doit détecter et identifier des intrusions et franchissements. La profondeur de la zone à surveiller est, elle, déterminée pour qu'une confirmation visuelle d'alerte puisse être effectuée avant que l'intrus n'ait achevé la traversée de la zone à surveiller. In the embodiment shown, the management center is able to communicate with five monitoring stations. Advantageously, a management center supports four to six monitoring stations. It will be understood that this number of monitoring stations is more of a strategic choice than a technical choice and therefore the invention is not limited to the number of management centers and monitoring stations. In the case cited, the area to be monitored, shown striped in Figure 1, extends substantially over a distance of fifty linear kilometers, on which the system must detect and identify intrusions and crossings. The depth of the area to be monitored is determined so that a visual confirmation of alert can be made before the intruder has completed the crossing of the area to be monitored.
Chaque poste de surveillance comporte au moins une balise montée sur un support 8, ainsi que . des moyens d'alimentation autonome et des moyens de communication avec le centre de gestion, ledit poste de surveillance étant mobile en ce qu'il est possible de déplacer , le support pour ajuster la position du poste de surveillance par rapport à sa position initiale dans la zone déterminée. . Each monitoring station comprises at least one beacon mounted on a support 8, as well as . autonomous power supply means and means of communication with the management center, said control station monitoring being movable in that it is possible to move, the support for adjusting the position of the monitoring station relative to its initial position in the determined area. .
La balise est déployable et rétractable au sein du support. Elle comporté un mât télescopique 1 0 à l'extrémité libre duquel se trouve une tête de détection 12. The beacon is deployable and retractable within the support. It comprises a telescopic mast 1 0 at the free end of which is a detection head 12.
Le mât 10 est monté dans le support de telle sorte que la balise est adaptée à passer d'un état escamoté, dans lequel elle est intégralement logée dans le support et ainsi protégée des conditions météorologiques et des agressions éventuelles des tiers, à un état déployé dans lequel la tête s'élève par exemple à deux mètres du sol et peut être orientée angulairement. The mast 10 is mounted in the support so that the beacon is adapted to move from a retracted state, in which it is fully housed in the support and thus protected weather conditions and possible attacks from third parties, to a deployed state in which the head is for example two meters from the ground and can be oriented angularly.
La tête 12 intègre des moyens de détection nécessaires à la détection de présence dans la zone à surveiller, qui peuvent notamment prendre la forme d'une ou de plusieurs caméras et qui peuvent être des moyens d'identification à haute définition, comme un appareil photo à haute résolution. La présence de différentes caméras permet d'utiliser plusieurs bandes de fréquence et par exemple le visible, le proche infrarouge, et l'infrarouge dans les gammes Bl l ou Bill. Également, on pourra prévoir de munir la tête d'un microphone directif et d'autres types de capteurs et d'appareils de mesure connus pour ce genre d'utilisation, . tel que des moyens RADAR. Comme cela sera décrit ci-après dans l'utilisation du système, il est intéressant de munir en outre la tête de détection d'un télémètre laser et d'un pointeur laser. Enfin, la tète pourra être munie d'un chercheur de Nord afin de pouvoir orienter les capteurs et les caméras dans la direction souhaitée. The head 12 includes detection means necessary for the detection of presence in the area to be monitored, which may in particular take the form of one or more cameras and which may be high-definition identification means, such as a camera high resolution. The presence of different cameras makes it possible to use several frequency bands and for example the visible, the near infrared, and the infrared in the ranges Bl l or Bill. Also, it may be provided to provide the head of a directional microphone and other types of sensors and measuring devices known for this type of use,. such as RADAR means. As will be described below in the use of the system, it is interesting to provide further the detection head of a laser rangefinder and a laser pointer. Finally, the head will be equipped with a researcher North to be able to direct the sensors and cameras in the desired direction.
' Il est prévu en outre d'équiper les balises d'un dispositif de production de lumière intense, de type flash photographique, pour une utilisation particulièrement avantageuse d'imagerie active décrite ci-après. Il convient de noter que selon l'invention deux postes de surveillance d'un même réseau peuvent comporter des appareils de mesure différents ou bien des appareils de mesure aux caractéristiques différentes, avec par exemple pour les caméras des portées en vision directe ou des vitesses de balayage qui peuvent varier. Comme cela sera décrit ultérieurement, il est intéressant selon l'invention d'utiliser différents types de moyens de détection pour un même réseau, afin de s'adapter au mieux aux variations de reliefs et de terrains qu'il peut y avoir dans la zone à surveiller. A titre d'exemple, un poste de surveillance pourra intégrer un RADAR de localisation pour balayer une grande zone de plaine, en étant moins sensible aux conditions atmosphériques des moyens de détection optroniques qui seront portés par les autres postes de surveillance du système. 'It is further provided to equip the tags of an intense light producing device, photographic flash type, for a particularly advantageous use of active imaging described below. It should be noted that the invention two of the same network monitoring stations may have different measuring devices or measuring devices with different characteristics, with for example the cameras brought in direct vision or speeds scan that may vary. As will be described later, it is advantageous according to the invention to use different types of detection means for the same network, in order to best adapt to the variations of terrain and land that may be in the area to monitor. For example, a monitoring station may integrate a location RADAR to scan a large area of plain, being less sensitive to the atmospheric conditions of the optronic detection means that will be worn by the other monitoring stations of the system.
Le support présente la forme d'une boîte au fond de laquelle est monté articulé le mat télescopique. Dans cette boîte, chaque support comporte, en plus de la balise, au moins un dispositif de géolocaiisation par satellite, un module de calcul et des moyens de communication radio 14 adaptés à permettre la communication entre le poste de surveillance et le centre de gestion ainsi que la communication des postes de surveillance entre eux. The support has the shape of a box at the bottom of which is articulated telescopic mast. In this box, each medium comprises, in addition to the beacon, at least one satellite geolocation device, a calculation module and radio communication means 14 adapted to allow communication between the monitoring station and the management center and that the communication of the monitoring posts between them.
Le module de calcul intègre un logiciel de détection automatique d'intrus qui reçoit en entrée l'ensemble des mesures effectuées par les appareils embarqués sur la tête de détection associée à ce poste de surveillance. Le module de calcul peut être paramétré lors de la mise en place du poste de surveillance pour une meilleure sélectivité des alertes en fonction du terrain sur lequel l'opérateur le pose, et tel que cela sera décrit ci-après, le centre de gestion peut envoyer des modifications du paramétrage du module de calcul en cours de mission. Le module de calcul réalise par ailleurs une sauvegarde locale, par exemple par un enregistrement en fenêtre glissante des dernières minutes des vidéos reçues par les caméras et analysées par le logiciel. Avantageusement, le module de calcul intègre une fonction de traitement d'images de sorte qu'il reçoit les images prises par l'appareil photo monté sur la tête associée à ce poste de surveillance, et qu'il les traite pour que par la suite cette image fixe, mais à très haute définition, puisse être étudiée pour s'assurer de l'exactitude de l'alerte. The calculation module integrates an automatic intruder detection software which receives as input all the measurements made by the on-board devices on the detection head associated with this monitoring station. The calculation module can be parameterized during the setting up of the monitoring station for a better selectivity of the alerts depending on the terrain on which the operator places it, and as will be described below, the management center can send changes to the calculation module parameterization during the mission. The calculation module also performs a local backup, for example by a sliding window recording of the last minutes of the videos received by the cameras and analyzed by the software. Advantageously, the computation module integrates an image processing function so that it receives the images taken by the head-mounted camera associated with this monitoring station, and that it processes them so that subsequently this still image , but very high definition, can be studied to ensure the accuracy of the alert.
Les moyens de communication comportent d'une part un émetteur-récepteur radio pour assurer une liaison à bas débit et d'autre part un émetteur radio et une antenne radio orientable associée pour assurer une transmission à haut débit vers le centre de gestion. Avantageusement, les informations relatives au fonctionnement des moyens de détection et à la position du poste de surveillance, qui sont destinées à circuler dans un sens ou dans l'autre entre le centre de gestion et le poste de surveillance, sont transmises à bas débit, en utilisant par exemple, un réseau GSM ou 3G, ou des fréquences radio haute fréquence (HF) ou très haute fréquence (VHF). Les vidéos sont, elles, transmises dans un sens depuis le poste de surveillance vers le centre de gestion, en haut débit, en utilisant par exemple un mode de transmission Wl MAX. A cet effet, un boîtier de compression vidéo est prévu dans le support pour favoriser cette transmission. The communication means comprise on the one hand a radio transceiver for providing a low-speed link and on the other hand a radio transmitter and an associated steerable radio antenna to ensure high-speed transmission to the management center. Advantageously, the information relating to the operation of the detection means and the position of the monitoring station, which are intended to flow in one direction or the other between the management center and the monitoring station, are transmitted at low speed, using, for example, a GSM or 3G network, or high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) radio frequencies. The videos are transmitted in one direction from the monitoring station to the management center, broadband, using for example a Wl MAX transmission mode. For this purpose, a video compression box is provided in the support to promote this transmission.
Avantageusement, l'émetteur récepteur radio bas débit est formé par une antenne fixe qui émet de façon omnidirectionnelle tandis que les moyens de communication haut débit sont formés par une antenne directive à fort gain électromagnétique ne se déclenchent qu'occasionnellement, en fonction du contenu des communications entre l'émetteur-récepteur radio et le centre de gestion. L'antenne directive n'est ainsi dirigée vers le centre de gestion et rendue opérationnelle que lorsqu'une intrusion potentielle est détectée par la balise, ce qui permet une économie d'énergie et une plus grande autonomie de la balise. Advantageously, the low-speed radio transceiver is formed by a fixed antenna that transmits omnidirectionally whereas the high-speed communication means are formed by a directional antenna with high electromagnetic gain that are triggered only occasionally, depending on the content of the communications between the radio transceiver and the management center. The directional antenna is thus directed to the management center and made operational only when a potential intrusion is detected by the beacon, which allows a saving of energy and a greater autonomy of the beacon.
Les moyens de communication entre le centre de gestion et les postes de surveillance prennent en compte les réseaux existants comme des . liens alternatifs en cas de défaillance des communications radio HF et VHF embarqués. Dans ces cas, la qualité des .transmissions s'adapte à la capacité des réseaux de transmission disponible. The means of communication between the management center and the monitoring stations take into account existing networks such as of. alternative links in the event of a failure of onboard HF and VHF radio communications. In these cases, the quality of the transmissions is adapted to the capacity of the available transmission networks.
Avantageusement, le support est adapté à recevoir et intégrer avec la balise des moyens pour détecter la présence proche d'individus,, afin de pouvoir lancer de façon automatique, sans intervention préalable du centre de gestion, une opération d'auto protection qui consiste à faire passer la balise dans l'état escamoté décrit précédemment dès lors que des individus sont en approche et qu'ils risquent de repérer le poste de surveillance si la balise est déployée. On prévoit par exemple un détecteur de présence infra rouge (PIR) d'une portée de cinquante mètres, ou un détecteur radar, ou encore un détecteur sismique. Advantageously, the support is adapted to receive and integrate with the beacon means for detecting the close presence of individuals, in order to be able to launch automatically, without prior intervention of the management center, a self-protection operation which consists in to pass the beacon in the retrieved state described above when individuals are approaching and they may locate the monitoring station if the beacon is deployed. For example, an infrared presence detector (PIR) with a range of fifty meters, or a radar detector, or a seismic detector.
D'autres équipements peuvent être prévus, et on peut notamment équiper le poste de surveillance d'une charge d'autodestruction, qui est alors disposée dans le support. Other equipment can be provided, and it can in particular equip the monitoring station with a self-destruct load, which is then disposed in the support.
Le support comporte des moyens d'alimentation autonome, par exemple des cellules photovoltaïques, et il peut intégrer une source d'énergie consommable comme un groupe électrogène ou un dispositif à pile à combustible. Le support présente un revêtement de camouflage et il est agencé de manière à être le plus discret possible. Il est ainsi recherché d'avoir un poste de surveillance autonome en alimentation et discret. The medium comprises autonomous power supply means, for example photovoltaic cells, and it can integrate a consumable energy source such as a generator or a fuel cell device. The support has a camouflage coating and is arranged to be as unobtrusive as possible. It is thus sought to have an autonomous monitoring station in food and discrete.
Un dispositif de mise à niveau automatique est prévu pour ajuster l'assiette d support afin que le poste de surveillance soit positionné conformément à la configuration du réseau prévue. A cet effet, ; le support comporte quatre pieds qui sont montés sur vérin, chaque vérin étant adapté à plus ou moins s'étendre pour ajuster l'assiette en fonction de la pente du terrain sur lequel le support a été déposé. En fonctionnement, la balise d'un poste de surveillance ;bffre deç .'· performances de détection de présence qui peuvent varier enAn automatic leveling device is provided to adjust the support attitude so that the monitoring station is positioned in accordance with the intended network configuration. For this purpose, the support comprises four legs which are mounted on jack, each cylinder being adapted to more or less extend to adjust the attitude according to the slope of the ground on which the support was deposited. In operation, the beacon of a monitoring station provides a presence detection performance which may vary in
nombre accru de capteurs présents dans la tête de la balise.  increased number of sensors present in the head of the beacon.
Comme cela sera décrit ci-après, chaque détection d'intrus est signalée via l'émetteur récepteur qui échange à bas débit des communications avec le centre de gestion pour que cette détection d'intrus fasse l'objet d'une éventuelle vérification et identification par un opérateur, et en retour, la balise de détection peut être pilotée à distance depuis le centre de gestion . As will be described below, each intruder detection is signaled via the transceiver which exchanges communications with the management center at low speed so that this intruder detection is subject to possible verification and identification. by an operator, and in return, the detection beacon can be remotely controlled from the management center.
On observe que ces communications de détection de présence qui sont dirigées vers le centre de gestion sont distinctes des communications de positionnement et de fonctionnement des postes de surveillance également dirigées vers le centre de gestion. It is observed that these presence detection communications that are directed to the management center are distinct from the positioning and operation communications of the monitoring stations also directed to the management center.
Le contenu des communications à bas débit sur le positionnement et le fonctionnement des postes sert au centre de gestion pour le calcul d'une nouvelle configuration du réseau tandis que le contenu des communications à bas débit sur la détection de présence génère la mise en fonctionnement de l'antenne mobile rapportée sur le mât téiescopique pour réaliser l'émission de flux vidéo vers ie centre de gestion. .On note que l'antenne est montée sur le mât de manière à ee qu'elle puisse tourner indépendamment de la tête, pour être toujours orientée vers le centre de gestion alors que la tête est tournée vers l'intrus. Le centre de gestion est disposé à distance des postes de surveillance, aussi loin que possible pour ne pas être détecté par -des . intrus depuis la zone à surveiller, tout en étant à portée de communication avec chacun des postes de surveillance. The content of the low-speed communications on the positioning and operation of the stations is used by the management center for the calculation of a new network configuration while the content of the low-speed communications on the presence detection generates the operation of the stations. the mobile antenna attached to the telescopic mast for transmitting video streams to the management center. It is noted that the antenna is mounted on the mast so that it can rotate independently of the head, to always be oriented towards the management center while the head is turned towards the intruder. The management center is located away from the monitoring stations, as far as possible to not be detected by -des. intruder from the area to be monitored, while being within communication range with each of the monitoring stations.
Le centre de gestion est embarqué sur un véhicule distributeur,,, dont la mobilité permet d'une part de disposer rapidement les postes de surveillance, et de venir les retirer dès qu'une nouvelle zone doit, être surveiller, et d'autre part de positionner rapidement après la pose des postes de surveillance le centre de gestion dans une position en retrait de la zone à surveiller et à égale distance des balises. Le véhicule distributeur est équipé des moyens de levage permettant la manutention des postes de surveillance. Il comporte également un dispositif de géolocaiisation par satellite. The management center is embedded on a distributor vehicle, whose mobility makes it possible, on the one hand, to quickly dispose of the monitoring stations, and to withdraw them as soon as a new zone must be monitored, and on the other hand. to position quickly after the installation of the monitoring stations the management center in a position set back from the area to be monitored and equidistant from the beacons. The distributor vehicle is equipped with lifting means for handling the monitoring stations. It also includes a satellite geolocation device.
Le centre de gestion comporte un calculateur. Dans le cadre d'une opération de surveillance, le calculateur joue un rôle en amont dans la préparation de l'opération, par le calcul qu'il fait de la configuration du réseau, et il joue également un rôle en cours d'opération, par l'interaction qu'il a avec les postes de surveillance effectivement déposés et par le calcul automatique en temps réel d'une nouvelle configuration du réseau lorsque cela est nécessaire, ce qui peut entraîner une modification de la position des postes non encore en place et le contrôle à distance des balises déjà déposées. The management center has a calculator. In the context of a monitoring operation, the computer plays a role upstream in the preparation of the operation, by the calculation it makes of the configuration of the network, and it also plays a role during operation, by interacting with the actual monitoring stations and by real-time automatic calculation of a new network configuration when necessary, which may result in a change in position of the stations not yet in place and remote control of tags already deposited.
Les postes de surveillance sont disposés les uns par rapport aux autres et par rapport au centre de gestion selon une configuration du réseau définie par des moyens logiciels qui équipent ici le calculateur du centre de gestion. Cette configuration du réseau prend en considération les caractéristiques techniques des moyens de détection à disposition . pour les disposer au mieux selon la cartographie iridimensionnelle de la zone à surveiller. Les moyens logiciels peuvent intégrer à cet effet un algorithme de calcul de propagation d'onde pour s'assurer que la disposition théorique des balises permet la communication entre les balises et Je centre- de gestion. . The monitoring stations are arranged relative to each other and to the management center according to a network configuration defined by software means that equip the management center computer here. This configuration of the network takes into consideration the technical characteristics of the detection means available. to arrange them according to the iridimensional cartography of the area to be monitored. The software means can integrate for this purpose a wave propagation calculation algorithm to ensure that the Theoretical arrangement of the tags allows the communication between the tags and the management center. .
En fonction des informations échangées de façon continue antre chaque balise, par leur antenne fixe, et le centre de gestion, la configuration du réseau peut évoluer en temps féel : les balises peuvent être changées de position, notamment les balises restant à installer . et toujours embarquées sur le véhicule, ou bien le fonctionnement des moyens de détection propres de chaque balise peut être modifié à distance. Depending on the information exchanged continuously between each beacon, by their fixed antenna, and the management center, the configuration of the network can evolve in fair weather: the beacons can be changed position, including the remaining tags to be installed. and always embarked on the vehicle, or the operation of the own detection means of each tag can be changed remotely.
Notamment dans le cadre de la disposition en réseau des balises dans des paysages montagneux où la perspective n'est pas linéaire, les balises doivent être calibrées de nouveau au moment de leur dépose au sol pour s'assurer que les critères de détection, auxquels se réfèrent les moyens de traitement d'image tridimensionnelle de la balise et qui font référence à des données de cartographie théoriques, sont toujours cohérents. Le télémètre laser permet alors de pointer un élément du décor et de communiquer au centre de gestion via l'antenne fixe la distance à laquelle la balise se trouve de cet élément du décor. Le centre de gestion prend cet élément en compte pour déterminer si les critères de détection doivent changer, et par exemple la taille des pixels à détecter sur les prises de vue. Particularly in the context of the network layout of beacons in mountainous landscapes where the perspective is not linear, the beacons must be calibrated again at the time of their removal to the ground to ensure that the detection criteria refer to the three-dimensional image processing means of the beacon and which refer to theoretical mapping data, are always consistent. The laser rangefinder then makes it possible to point an element of the decoration and to communicate to the management center via the fixed antenna the distance at which the beacon is from this element of the decoration. The management center takes this element into account in order to determine if the detection criteria must change, and for example the size of the pixels to be detected on the shots.
Il convient d'observer ici la différence qui est faite entre d'une part les caractéristiques techniques et les données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection. Les caractéristiques techniques sont des valeurs que l'on , entre dans le calculateur du centre de gestion et qui sont des •valeurs maximales ou minimales fixées par le fabricant de ces moyens de détection. Les données de fonctionnement sont .des valeurs mesurées directement sur les moyens de détection, ou bien des valeurs auxquelles le calculateur souhaite voir opérer les moyens de détection,, dans les plages autorisées par les caractéristiques techniques. Le calculateur reçoit - en temps rée! des informations sur la position effective des postes de surveillance, sur l'état escamoté ou... déployé des balises pour chacun des postes de surveillance et sur les données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection, et ces données sont immédiatement intégrées par les moyens logiciels pour calculer une nouvelle configuration du réseau. It should be observed here the difference that is made between the technical characteristics and the operating data of the detection means. Specifications are values that are between the management center of the computer and which are • maximum or minimum values set by the manufacturer of the detection means. The operating data are values measured directly on the detection means, or values to which the computer wishes to operate the detection means, in the ranges authorized by the technical characteristics. The calculator receives - in real time! information on the actual position of the monitoring stations, on the retracted state or ... deployed beacons for each of the monitoring stations and on the operating data of the detection means, and these data are immediately integrated by the software means to calculate a new network configuration.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, les moyens logiciels calculent automatiquement, en fonction des informations qu'ils reçoivent en temps réel une nouvelle configuration du réseau pour l'adapter aux changements qui peuvent intervenir en cours de l'opération de surveillance. Thus, according to the invention, the software means automatically calculate, based on the information they receive in real time a new configuration of the network to adapt to changes that may occur during the monitoring operation.
Le choix de la position des postes de surveillance, tout comme le choix des données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection, est ainsi assisté par les moyens logiciels qui font partie intégrante du système et qui permettent en outre d'adapter les plans théoriques prévus aux contraintes du terrain découvertes en temps réel. The choice of the position of the monitoring stations, as well as the choice of the operating data of the detection means, is thus assisted by the software means which are an integral part of the system and which also make it possible to adapt the theoretical plans envisaged to the constraints. field discovered in real time.
Les moyens logiciels reçoivent en entrée des informations préenregistrées comme une cartographie tridimensionnelle de la zone à surveiller et toutes les considérations stratégiques associées à cette carte , à savoir par exemple l'importance de tel ou tel passage dans la zone à surveiller ou la possibilité a contrario de laisser des parties de cette zone non surveillées car jugées impraticables pour d'éventuels intrus. Les informations pré-enregistrées comportent également l'ensemble des caractéristiques techniques des moyens de détection à disposition pour réaliser l'opération de surveillance. On peut citer en guise d'exemple parmi ces caractéristiques techniques, la hauteur à laquelle la tête de balisé peut se déployer, ia portée maximale des caméras, la vitesse et l'angle de balayage de ces caméras, ou encore le nombre de pixels de l'appareil photo, mais on comprendra que d'autres caractéristiques pourront être utilisées sans sortir du contexte de l'invention. ■ Parmi les critères pouvant être imposés aux moyens logiciels, pour l'élaboration de la configuration du réseau, il peut être . demandé que deux balises voisines aient des surfaces communes de balayage pour que . cette redondance permette une meilleure vision des endroits jugés sensibles, et une meilleure détection de potentiels intrus. The software means receive, as input, prerecorded information such as a three-dimensional cartography of the area to be monitored and all the strategic considerations associated with this map, namely, for example, the importance of this or that passage in the area to be monitored or the possibility of a contrario. leaving parts of this area unmonitored as impractical for potential intruders. The pre-recorded information also includes all the technical characteristics of the detection means available to perform the monitoring operation. By way of example, among these technical characteristics, we can mention the height at which the beacon head can be deployed, the maximum range of the cameras, the speed and the scanning angle of these cameras, or the number of pixels of the camera. the camera, but it will be understood that other features may be used without departing from the context of the invention. ■ Among the criteria that can be imposed on the software means, for the development of the network configuration, it can be. asked that two neighboring tags have common scanning surfaces for that. this redundancy allows a better vision of the places considered sensitive, and a better detection of potential intruders.
Le centre de gestion comporte en outre des moyens de communication adaptés à correspondre avec les moyens , de communication 14 des postes de surveillance, notamment pour recevoir des alertes de détection d'intrus. Des premiers moyens de communication . sont adaptés à échanger à bas débit de façon quasi-continue avec les postes de surveillance, tandis que des seconds moyens de communication sont adaptés à recevoir des informations à haut débit de façon occasionnelle en provenance des postes de surveillance. Dès réception des alertes, un opérateur est capable depuis le centre de gestion d'interagir à distance avec le ou les postes de surveillance ayant été identifiés comme responsables de cette alerte, et notamment de les prendre en main à distance, pour orienter manuellement les moyens de détection et pour acquérir des données complémentaires. Le centre de gestion comporte des moyens de sauvegarde locale, en archivage, des informations en provenance de chacun des postes de surveillance. The management center further comprises communication means adapted to correspond with the means 14 communication of the monitoring stations, in particular to receive intruder detection alerts. First means of communication. are adapted to exchange at a low rate almost continuously with the monitoring stations, while second communication means are adapted to receive occasional high-speed information from the monitoring stations. Upon receipt of alerts, an operator is able from the management center to interact remotely with the monitoring station or positions that have been identified as responsible for this alert, and in particular to take remote control, to manually direct the means detection and to acquire additional data. The management center includes local backup means, in archiving, information from each of the monitoring stations.
On va maintenant décrire l'utilisation de l'invention, notamment en s'appuyant sur les diagrammes de la figure 3. The use of the invention will now be described, in particular on the basis of the diagrams of FIG.
On enregistre dans le calculateur 30 du centre de gestion 31 la cartographie tridimensionnelle 32 correspondant à la zone à surveiller et les caractéristiques techniques 33 des moyens de détection. Les moyens logiciels Intégrés dans le calculateur déterminent par le calcul une configuration de . réseau 34 définissant de façon précise le nombre de postes de surveillance 35 à disposer pour couvrir cette 2one et leur position. - ■ . Tous les postes de surveillance-nécessaires sont placés- dans le véhicule distributeur; chacun; avec la balise associée dans un état, escamoté. Le véhicule distributeur se déplace et pose selon la configuration du réseau calculée -chacun . des postes de surveillance à ia piace qui lui a été attribuée par les moyens logiciels. The computer 30 of the management center 31 records the three-dimensional cartography 32 corresponding to the zone to be monitored and the technical characteristics 33 of the detection means. The software means integrated in the computer determines by calculation a configuration of. network 34 defining precisely the number of monitoring stations 35 to have to cover this 2one and their position. - ■ . All necessary monitoring stations are placed in the delivery vehicle; each; with the tag associated in a state, retracted. The distributor vehicle moves and installs according to the calculated network configuration-each. surveillance stations at the place assigned to it by software means.
Lors du déplacement du véhicule distributeur, le centre de gestion peut n'être que partiellement opérationnel, avec par exemple l'informatique qui est opérationnelle et les équipements de transmission qui sont en mode dégradé tandis que les balises embarquées sont à l'arrêt ou en recharge. When moving the distributor vehicle, the management center may be only partially operational, with for example the computer that is operational and the transmission equipment that is in degraded mode while the embedded tags are stopped or in refill.
Dans le cas où tous les postes de surveillance sont positionnés strictement à leur position initiale déterminée, le véhicule distributeur peut se retirer et venir se placer à l'endroit qui lui a été attribué également par les moyens logiciels, de manière à ce que le centre de gestion qui reste embarqué sur le véhicule soit disposé correctement par rapport aux postes de surveillance pour attendre les alertes en provenance des postes. In the case where all the monitoring stations are positioned strictly at their determined initial position, the dispensing vehicle can withdraw and come to the place that has been assigned to it also by the software means, so that the center management that remains on board the vehicle is positioned correctly in relation to the monitoring stations to wait for alerts from the stations.
On comprendra toutefois qu'il peut-être fréquent que l'un des postes de surveillance dans son support ne puisse être disposé à l'endroit qui lui a été attribué par les moyens logiciels. A titre d'exemple, on pourra envisager que de ia flore, non prise en compte par les moyens logiciels car non recensées dans les données d'entrée formées par la cartographie tridimensionnelle, empêche le positionnement de la balise strictement à l'endroit attribué. On peut également envisager le cas d'une mission à risque lors de laquelle le conducteur du véhicule distributeur s'estimera •trop' 'à découvert s'il cherche absolument à poser ie poste de surveillance à l'endroit attribué, préférant alors changer de quelques mètres la position du poste de surveillance pour ne pas être dans une situation trop dangereuse. . ;■ Dans le système de l'invention, ce poste de surveillance; qui envoie en temps réel au centre de gestion des informations 36 sur s position et sur les données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection, est localisé précisément. , Puisque dans ce cas, la réponse à la question 37 de savoir si la configuration du réseau initialement calculée est. modifiée est positive, les moyens logiciels associés au centre de gestion intègrent en temps réel ces informations 36 pour recalculer automatiquement la configuration du réseau en se conformant toujours aux critères de calcul qui lui sont donnés, à savoir notamment de s'assurer que la zone à surveiller est parfaitement couverte, avec des redondances entre les balises. It will be understood, however, that it may be common for one of the monitoring stations in its support to be disposed of at the place assigned to it by the software means. By way of example, it may be envisaged that flora, which is not taken into account by the software means because it is not recorded in the input data formed by the three-dimensional cartography, prevents the positioning of the tag strictly at the assigned location. We can also consider the case of a mission at risk at which the driver of the vehicle distributor • deem too 'short if absolutely trying to ask ie monitoring station at the location assigned, preferring then change a few meters the position of the monitoring station to not be in a situation too dangerous. . ; ■ In the system of the invention, the monitoring station; which sends in real time to the management center information on position and on the operating data of the detection means, is located precisely. Since, in this case, the answer to question 37 is whether the originally calculated network configuration is. modified is positive, the software means associated with the management center integrate in real time this information 36 to automatically recalculate the configuration of the network by always conforming to the calculation criteria given to it, namely to ensure that the area to monitor is perfectly covered, with redundancies between tags.
Il est particulièrement avantageux selon l'invention de pouvoir prendre en considération, comme données d'entrée du calcul de la configuration du réseau par les moyens logiciels, des informations en provenance des postes de surveillance déjà en place qui viennent en complément des données pré-enregistrées. Le centre de gestion calcule de la sorte une nouvelle configuration du réseau qui tient compte de contraintes réelles et non plus seulement théoriques. Le centre de gestion transmet une information particulière si les positions attribuées aux postes de surveillance qu'il reste à poser doivent être modifiées. Le centre de gestion peut également envoyer par communication radio à bas débit une information aux balises déjà en place sur le terrain pour modifier de façon automatique les données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection et par exemple l'orientation de la tête de détection ou les conditions de ·. balayage des caméras présentes dans la tête* It is particularly advantageous according to the invention to be able to take into account, as input data of the calculation of the network configuration by the software means, information coming from the monitoring stations already in place which complement the pre-existing data. recorded. In this way, the management center calculates a new configuration of the network that takes into account real and not just theoretical constraints. The management center transmits specific information if the positions assigned to the monitoring stations that remain to be set need to be modified. The management center can also send by low speed radio communication information to the beacons already in place in the field to automatically modify the operating data of the detection means and for example the orientation of the detection head or the conditions of ·. scanning cameras in the head *
L'information envoyée aux balises peut également être un changement des critères de détection et par exemple ia taille des pixels à détecter dans telle ou telle zone. Notamment dans le cas d'une installation du réseau en territoires montagneux, la modification de l'emplacement d'une balise de quelques mètres peut modifier fortement la perspective de la prise de vue. On peut alors réaliser un contrôle de la position de la balise par rapport aux différentes zones; de passage stratégiques , de la cartographie théorique. On pilote la tête de détection depuis le centre de gestion et on pointe le télémètre laser vers un élément du décor. On pèut ainsi, recalibrer les critères de détection de la balise, sur cet élément du décor, ce qui est particulièrement intéressant par exemple dans le cas de la surveillance d'un sentier de montagne à iacets où un individu apparaît plus petit quand il est en bas du sentier. Ce contrôle de la position par l'utilisation du télémètre laser peut être fait à la demande par le centre de gestion, et ce même si la balise a été placée à l'exacte position théorique, The information sent to the tags can also be a change in the detection criteria and for example the size of the pixels to be detected in this or that zone. Especially in the case of a network installation in mountainous territories, changing the location of a beacon a few meters can greatly change the perspective of the shooting. We can then perform a control of the position of the tag relative to different areas; strategic passages, theoretical cartography. The detection head is piloted from the management center and the laser rangefinder is pointed at an element of the decoration. We can thus, recalibrate the criteria of detection of the beacon , on this element of the decoration, which is particularly interesting for example in the case of the surveillance of a mountain trail with iacets where an individual appears smaller when it is in bottom of the path. This control of the position by the use of the laser rangefinder can be done on demand by the management center, even if the beacon has been placed in the exact theoretical position,
Dès qu'elles sont en position et dans un état déployé, que ce déploiement soit commandé manuellement lors de la pose ou à distance via le centre de gestion, les balises assurent leur rôle de surveillance automatique de la partie de la zone qu'elles doivent couvrir. Cette partie à couvrir est ajustable en fonction des contraintes pratiques, par un paramétrage avant le passage des balises à un état déployé et/ou par des retouches effectuées en cours d'opération via la liaison à bas débit installé entre chaque poste de surveillance et le centre de gestion. Sur la demande du centre de gestion, notamment si un intrus est identifié par l'opérateur et qu'il est jugé comme représentant une menace pour le poste de surveillance, la balise peut se mettre en un mode sécurisé avec une position escamotée dans le support. As soon as they are in position and in a deployed state, whether this deployment is controlled manually during installation or remotely via the management center, the beacons ensure their role of automatic surveillance of the part of the zone that they must cover. This part to be covered is adjustable according to the practical constraints, by a parameterization before the passage of the beacons to a deployed state and / or by retouching carried out during operation via the low-speed link installed between each monitoring station and the management Center. At the request of the management center, in particular if an intruder is identified by the operator and is judged to pose a threat to the surveillance station, the beacon can be put in a secure mode with a retracted position in the support .
En cas d'alerte, un signal 38 est émis par la liaison bas débit vers le centre de gestion embarqué sur le véhicule distributeur. Ce signal contient des éléments de classification de l'alerte et la position de la partie de la zone déterminée dans laquelle a lieu l'alerte. Dans le même temps, la vidéo de la fenêtre glissante, qui contient la séquence ayant donnée lieu à l'aie rte,- est sauvegardée. . L'émetteur à haut débit se met en routé, avec l'antenne associée qui est Orientée vers le centre de gestiùh en utilisant à cet effet les coordonnées satellite issues des dispositifs de géolocalisation présents dans le poste de surveillance et dans le véhicule distributeur. La vidéo est retransmise en temps réel vers le centre de gestion. L'opérateur peut alors prendre le contrôle 39 de la balise, en manuel grâce à un levier de commande et déplacer les caméras de la • balisé à sa guise pour scruter la partie, de -la zone à surveiller qui a .fait l'objet d'une détection. L'opérateur peut sur demande, si l'observationv. directe ne lui permet pas de lever le doute sur la pertinence de l'alerte, avoir la vidéo de la séquence ayant donné lieu à la détection d'intrus ou bien accéder à la photo prise au moment de la détection pour la regarder, telle qu'elle a pu être traitée par le module de calcul du poste de surveillance. In the event of an alert, a signal 38 is emitted by the low-speed link to the on-board management center on the distributor vehicle. This signal contains classification elements of the alert and the position of the part of the determined zone in which the alert occurs. At the same time, the video of the sliding window, which contains the sequence that gave rise to it, is saved. . The broadband transmitter is routed, with the associated antenna which is oriented towards the gestiùh center using for this purpose the satellite coordinates from the geolocation devices present in the monitoring station and in the distributor vehicle. The video is transmitted in real time to the center of management. The operator can then take the 39 control beacon manually through a control lever and move the cameras • tagged at will to scrutinize the party, -the monitored zone has been .fait detection. The operator can on request, if the observationv. direct does not allow him to raise the doubt about the relevance of the alert, to have the video of the sequence which gave rise to the detection of intruders or to have access to the photo taken at the moment of the detection to look at it, such as it could be processed by the computation module of the monitoring station.
L'utilisation de moyens vidéos et/ou photos présentent ici un grand intérêt pour l'opérateur qui peut lever le doute et décider avec précision de l'ampleur de l'action à engager de façon plus fiable qu'avec un contrôle radar. L'opérateur peut alors par exemple décider de l'envoi d'une équipe d'intervention sur place. Lorsqu'un intrus est repéré, l'opérateur peut le géolocaliser en déterminant sa position par rapport à un poste de surveillance à l'aide du télémètre laser présent dans la tête de la balise. Il peut prendre une part active à la phase d'interception des intrus en aidant l'équipe d'intervention équipée d'instruments de vision nocturne par l'illumination de l'intrus au moyen du pointeur laser. The use of video and / or photo means here are of great interest to the operator who can remove the doubt and decide precisely the scope of the action to engage more reliably than with a radar control. The operator can then for example decide to send an intervention team on site. When an intruder is spotted, the operator can geolocate it by determining its position relative to a monitoring station using the laser range finder in the beacon head. He can take an active part in the interception phase of intruders by helping the intervention team equipped with night vision instruments by illuminating the intruder by means of the laser pointer.
La description qui précède explique clairement comment l'invention permet d'atteindre les objectifs qu'elle s'est fixés. Les moyens logiciels intégrés dans le calculateur du centre de gestion permettent d'automatiser le calcul d'une configuration du réseau en permettant de la sorte un calcul très rapide malgré l'ensemble des contraintes prises en considération, et il permet également, comme cela a été: dit précédemment, d'adapter ces plans théoriques aux contraintes du terrain, dans un calcul automatique en temps réel. Le système de surveillance est dont particulièrement efficace puisque les moyens logiciels sont également à même d'organiser une nouvelle distribution des balises ou tout au moins de nouvelles données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection de chacun des postes de surveillance, dès que l'un des postes de surveillance est déplacé, masqué, mis en veille ou détruit. Le système de surveillance est rapide à mettre en place et à déplacer, et le système peut être déployé et opéré avec -un équipage, de deux personnes. Le . système de surveillance est sûr pour l'opérateur de contrôle, le '"centre de gestion étant embarqué sur un véhicule tout terrain capable de mettre en place les postes de surveillance et d'interagir avec eux, quelles que soient les conditions opérationnelles. Ceci permet à l'effectif classique d'une patrouille de tenir une large bande de terrain sous surveillance continue tout en restant en parfaite sécurité. Le système de surveillance dispose d'une autonomie d'une semaine sans intervention au niveau des balises déployées sur le terrain, et d'environ une journée sans ravitaillement au niveau du centre de gestion. The foregoing description clearly explains how the invention achieves the goals it has set for itself. The software means integrated in the management center calculator make it possible to automate the calculation of a network configuration, thereby enabling a very fast calculation despite all the constraints taken into consideration, and it also allows, as has been summer: said previously, to adapt these theoretical plans to the constraints of the field, in an automatic calculation in real time. The monitoring system is especially effective since the software means are also able to organize a new distribution of tags or at least new operating data of the detection means of each of the monitoring stations, as soon as one of the posts is moved, hidden, paused, or destroyed. The surveillance system is quick to set up and move, and the system can be deployed and operated with a crew of two people. The . monitoring system is safe for the control operator, the '' management center being on board an off-road vehicle capable of setting up the monitoring stations and interact with them, whatever the operating conditions. the regular force of a patrol to keep a wide band of land under continuous surveillance while remaining in perfect security.The surveillance system has a one-week autonomy without intervention at the beacons deployed on the ground, and about a day without refueling at the management center.
Le système de surveillance selon l'invention est modulaire en particulier vis-à-vis du nombre et du type de balises à déployer ; d'une part des mesures différentes pourront être faites sur un poste de surveillance et son voisin en fonction de la partie qu'ils doivent surveiller et d'autre part, pour une même mesure, des technologies de détection différentes pourront être intégrées dans les différents postes de surveillance. The monitoring system according to the invention is modular in particular with respect to the number and type of beacons to be deployed; on the one hand, different measurements can be made on a monitoring station and its neighbor depending on the part they have to monitor, and on the other hand, for the same measure, different detection technologies can be integrated into the different monitoring stations.
D'un poste à l'autre, si un jeu de senseurs optroniques à moindre coût est prévu, l'efficacité du système sera préservée en multipliant le nombre de postes de surveillance et/ou en complétant l'équipement par d'autres types de capteurs. From one station to another, if a set of optronic sensors at lower cost is provided, the efficiency of the system will be preserved by multiplying the number of monitoring stations and / or completing the equipment with other types of sensors.
En outre, la disposition en réseau est particulièremént utile lorsqu'une balise .a détecté un potentiel intrus ia nuit ou par temps de brouillard, il est alors souhaité de procéder à une imagerie active de la zone qui consiste en une prise- de= vue et- n éclairage par lumièfe intense.- Selon l'invention, un mode coopératif est mis en place entre plusieurs balises pour que l'éclairage soit réalisé par les moyens d'éclairement intense d'une balise et pour que les prises de vue soient réalisées depuis .une autre balise. Le centre de gestion reçoit une information d'une . intrusion éventuelle et l'existence d'une visibilité réduite, par ; •••'l'intefftiédiaire de capteurs de luminosité embarqués sur ia -balise par , exemple. ;Ôn procède à une êstimation · de la zone déterminée- dans laquelle a lieu l'intrusion détectée par un pointage laser par le télémètre de la balise qui a réalisé la détection d'intrusion. L'information est . communiquée aux balises, directement ou par le centre de gestion, grâce à l'antenne fixe et chacune des balises voisines met en marche son dispositif d'éclairernent pour l'éclairage intense de cette zone déterminée. Ainsi, on fait travailler les balises en mode coopératif lorsque la balise détecte un intrus dans des conditions de faible visibilité, comme la nuit ou le brouillard. On reproduit l'effet optique de l'imagerie active sans la complexité de la synchronisation temporelle ultra précise de la source de . lumière. La vidéo issue de la caméra intégrée également dans la tête de détection et d'identification est elle aussi exploitable en identification de l'intrus malgré sa résolution plus faible, notamment pour l'obtention d'informations sur le comportement du sujet. In addition, the network layout is particularly useful when a tag has detected an intruder potential at night or in fog, it is then desired to perform an active imaging of the area which consists of a shooting. According to the invention, a cooperative mode is set up between several beacons so that the lighting is achieved by the means of intense illumination of a beacon and for the shots to be taken. realized since another beacon. The management center receives information from one. possible intrusion and the existence of reduced visibility, by; •• • 'the embedded light sensors of intefftiédiaire on ia -balise by Sample. An estimation is made of the determined zone in which the intrusion detected by a laser pointing by the range finder of the beacon which has carried out the intrusion detection takes place. The information is. communicated to the beacons, directly or through the management center, thanks to the fixed antenna and each of the neighboring beacons puts in operation its lighting device for the intense lighting of this determined zone. Thus, beacons are operated in cooperative mode when the beacon detects an intruder in conditions of low visibility, such as night or fog. The optical effect of active imaging is reproduced without the complexity of the ultra-precise temporal synchronization of the source of. light. The video from the camera also integrated in the head of detection and identification is also usable in identifying the intruder despite its lower resolution, especially for obtaining information on the behavior of the subject.
Dans une variante non représentée, on comprendra que le centre de gestion peut ne pas être embarqué sur le véhicule distributeur lors des opérations de surveillance mais être à l'abri dans un camp de contrôle qui centralise les informations. On peut envisager un système avec plusieurs camps de contrôle et plusieurs centres de gestion, les postes de surveillance étant dès lors disposés dans un réseau de type client serveur. In a variant not shown, it will be understood that the management center may not be embarked on the distributor vehicle during surveillance operations but be safe in a control camp that centralizes the information. It is possible to envisage a system with several control camps and several management centers, the monitoring stations being then placed in a network of client server type.
D'autres variantes peuvent être envisagées et i en ressort que l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de mise en œuvre qui a été - spécifiquement décrit et représenté Sur les figures. Other variations may be envisaged and it follows that the invention is not limited to the mode of implementation which has been specifically described and shown in the figures.

Claims

R E V E D I C À f I O N S REVEDIC TO IONS
1 . Système de surveillance d'une zone déterminée comportant des moyens de détection de présence répartis sur différents postes de surveillance mobiles (2) qui sont disposés les uns, par rapport aux autres et par rapport à un centre de gestion (4) en formant un réseau selon une configuration initiale définie théoriquement par des moyens logiciels d u dit centre de gestion, ledit centre de gestion (4) étant adapté à communiquer en temps réel avec chacun des postes de surveillance pour recevoir d'une part des informations de positionnement et de fonctionnement desdits postes de surveillance et d'autre part des informations de détection de présence, et lesdits moyens logiciels étant adaptés d'une part à calculer en amont, sur la base de caractéristiques pré-enregistrées ladite configuration initiale du réseau en attribuant à chacun desdits postes une position initiale, et d'autre part à calculer automatiquement en temps réel une nouvelle configuration à donner au réseau pour surveiller ladite zone, en fonction desdites caractéristiques préenregistrées dans le centre de gestion et desdites informations de positionnement et de fonctionnement communiquées en temps réel par lesdits postes de surveillance en place sur ladite zone. 1. Zone-specific surveillance system comprising presence detection means distributed on different mobile monitoring stations (2) which are arranged relative to each other and to a management center (4) forming a network according to an initial configuration theoretically defined by software means of said management center, said management center (4) being adapted to communicate in real time with each of the monitoring stations to receive on the one hand positioning and operating information of said monitoring stations and secondly presence detection information, and said software means being adapted firstly to calculate upstream, on the basis of characteristics pre-recorded said initial configuration of the network by assigning each of said stations a initial position, and secondly to automatically calculate in real time a new configuration to be given to the network for monitoring said zone, according to said pre-recorded characteristics in the management center and said positioning and operating information communicated in real time by said monitoring stations in place on said zone.
2. Système de surveillanc selon la revendication 1 ,· caractérisé en ce que les caractéristiques pré-eriregistrêes comportent une- cartographie tridimensionnelle de- la zone déterminée et les caractéristiques techniques propres à chaque moyen de détection. 2. Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-erritored features comprise a three-dimensional mapping of the determined area and the technical characteristics specific to each detection means.
3. Système de surveillance selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, pour calculer ladite configuration à donner au réseau, les moyens logiciels sont. adaptés à déterminer par le calcul la position , de l'ensemble des postes, de surveillance (2) les uns par rapport aux autres et par rapport au centre de gestion (4). 3. Monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, to calculate said configuration to give to the network, the software means are. adapted to determine by calculation the position of all stations, monitoring (2) relative to each other and to the management center (4).
4. Système de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, pour calculer la configuration à donner au réseau, les moyens logiciels sont adaptés à déterminer par le calcul les données de fonctionnement de l'ensemble des moyens de détection les uns par rapport aux autres. 4. Monitoring system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, to calculate the configuration to give the network, the software means are adapted to determine by calculation the operating data of all the means of detection with respect to each other.
5. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments d'information reçus par le centre de gestion (4) comportent des éléments relatifs à la position effective des postes de surveillance (2), ledit centre de gestion étant adapté à calculer une nouvelle configuration du réseau lorsque l'une des informations reçues est relative à un changement de position d'au moins un poste de surveillance par rapport aux positions des postes de surveillance déterminées dans la configuration du réseau précédemment calculé par ledit centre de gestion. 5. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said information elements received by the management center (4) comprise elements relating to the actual position of the monitoring stations (2), said management center being adapted to calculate a new configuration of the network when one of the information received relates to a change of position of at least one monitoring station relative to the positions of the monitoring stations determined in the network configuration previously calculated by said center of management.
6. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments d'information reçus par le centre de gestion (4) comportent des éléments relatifs aux données de fonctionnement des moyens de détection, ledit centre de gestion étant adapté à calculer une nouvelle configuration du réseau lorsque l'une des informations reçues est relative à un changement des données de fonctionnement d'au moins un moyen de détection par rapport aux données de fonctionnement des .moyens de détection déterminées dans la configuration du réseau précédemment calculé' par ledit /centre de gestion. 6. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said information elements received by the management center (4) comprise elements relating to the operating data of the detection means, said management center being adapted to calculate a new configuration of the network when one of the received information relates to a change of the operation data at least one detection means relative to the sensing .moyens operation data determined in the configuration of previously calculated network 'by said / management center.
7. Système selon, l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les postes de surveillance (2) comportent des moyens de7. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the monitoring stations (2) comprise means for
>: communication (14) parmi -lesquels un émetteur-récepteur, adapté rà échanger en continu des communications à bas débit avec le centre de gestion (4) ainsi qu'un émetteur pour des communications à haut débit vers le centre de gestion, adapté à se déclencher en fonction du contenu desdites communications à bas débit. >: Communication (14) -which among a transceiver adapted to exchange r continuous low speed communications with the management center (4) and a transmitter for high-speed communications to the management center, adapted to trigger according to the content of said low bit rate communications.
8. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le centre de gestion (4) est embarqué sur un véhicule distributeur qui est en outre équipé de moyens de manutention pour la pose des postes de surveillance (2) sur la zone déterminée. 8. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the management center (4) is embedded on a distributor vehicle which is further equipped with handling means for the installation of monitoring stations (2) on the determined area.
9. Procédé de surveillance par un réseau de moyens de détection de présence adaptés à communiquer chacun avec un centre de gestion (4) qui est équipé de moyens logiciels adaptés à déterminer au moins la position à donner aux moyens de détection dans une .zone déterminée, dans lequel : 9. Method of monitoring by a network of presence detection means adapted to communicate each with a management center (4) which is equipped with software means adapted to determine at least the position to be given to the detection means in a determined area. , in which :
- on détermine par le calcul du centre de gestion la configuration initiale à donner audit réseau en prenant en compte au moins la cartographie tridimensionelle théorique de ladite zone déterminée ; the calculation of the management center determines the initial configuration to be given to said network taking into account at least the theoretical three-dimensional cartography of said determined zone;
- on récupère les informations relatives à la configuration effective du réseau par une communication entre les moyens de détection et le centre de gestion ; the information relating to the actual configuration of the network is recovered by communication between the detection means and the management center;
- on calcule automatiquement une nouvelle configuration du réseau dès lors qu'une desdites informations récupérées est modifiée par rapport aux informations relatives à la configuration du réseau précédemment calculée par ledit centre de gestion ; a new configuration of the network is automatically calculated as soon as one of said retrieved information is modified with respect to the information relating to the configuration of the network previously calculated by said management center;
- on transmet aux moyens dê détection des informations relatives à ladite nouvelle configuration du réseau. ; 10. Procédé de surveillance selon la · revendication. caractérisé en ce que. ladite .nouvelie configuration du réseau consiste en le calcul de nouvelles données de fonctionnement de tout pu partie des moyens de détection ainsi qu'en des positions initiales modifiées pour les moyens de détection restant à poser sur la zone déterminée. transmitting to the detection means information relating to said new configuration of the network. ; 10. Monitoring method according to claim. characterized in that. said new configuration of the network consists of the calculation of new operating data of any part of the detection means as well as modified initial positions for the detection means remaining to be placed on the determined zone.
EP12715146.2A 2011-03-22 2012-03-22 Monitoring system Withdrawn EP2689403A1 (en)

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US20140036085A1 (en) 2014-02-06
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