Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
  • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
  • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
  • E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
  • E21B43/003—Vibrating earth formations

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device and a method of fracturing a geological hydrocarbon reservoir, and a process for production of hydrocarbons.
• Static fracturing is a targeted dislocation of the reservoir, by means of the injection under very high pressure of a fluid intended to crack the rock.
• the crack is made by a mechanical "stress” resulting from a hydraulic pressure obtained using a fluid injected under high pressure from a well drilled from the surface.
• Hydro fracturing or “hydrosilicous fracturing” (or “frac jobs”, “frac'ing” or more generally “fracking”, or “massive hydraulic fracturing”).
• US 2009/044945 A1 discloses in particular a static fracturing method as described above.
• Static fracturing has the disadvantage that tank fracturing is generally unidirectional. Thus, only the hydrocarbon present in the reservoir portion around a deep but very localized crack is produced more rapidly.
• US 5,106,164 also describes a method for generating a plasma explosion and thus fracture a rock, but in the case of a shallow hole, for mining purposes and not for production of hydrocarbons.
• US 4,651,311 and US 4,706,228 disclose a device for generating an electrical discharge with electrodes in an electrolyte-containing chamber, wherein the electrodes are not subject to erosion by the plasma of the discharge.
• WO 2009/073475 discloses a method for generating an acoustic wave in a fluid medium present in a well with a device comprising two electrodes between an upper gasket and a gasket lower seal defining a confined space. This document describes that the acoustic wave is maintained in a state non- "shock wave” in order to improve 1 damage, without explicit differences between acoustic wave "ordinary” and wave "shock”.
• a fracturing device of a geological reservoir of hydrocarbons wherein the device comprises two packings defining therebetween a confined space in a well drilled in the reservoir; a pump for increasing the pressure of a fluid in the confined space; a fluid heater; at least one pair of two electrodes arranged in the confined space; and an electrical circuit for generating an electric arc between the two electrodes, the circuit comprising at least one voltage source connected to the electrodes and an inductor between the voltage source and one of the two electrodes.
• the device may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
• the inductor is an adjustable inductance coil, preferably between 1 ⁇ and 100 mH, more preferably between 10 ⁇ and 1 mH;
• a distance between the electrodes is adjustable, preferably between 0.2 and 5 cm, more preferably between 1 and 3 cm;
• the voltage source comprises a capacitor with a capacity greater than 1 ⁇ F, preferably greater than 10 ⁇ F;
• the capacity of the capacitor is adjustable, preferably less than 1000 ⁇ F, more preferably less than 200 ⁇ F;
• the circuit further comprises a Marx generator and ferrites forming a saturable inductor in the capacitor path leading directly to the inductance, ferrites are saturated once discharged Marx generator;
• the capacitor is separated from the inductor by a spark gap initiated by a pulse generator;
• the voltage source comprises a Marx generator (1 18), said generator of
• Marx preferably having adjustable characteristics
• the electrodes have a radius of between 0.1 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 30 mm;
• the device is mobile and is fixed before the generation of an electric arc;
• - device includes a stall system;
• the device comprises several pairs of electrodes.
• a method of fracturing a geological hydrocarbon reservoir comprising electrically fracturing the reservoir by generating an electric arc in a fluid present in a well drilled in the reservoir, the arc electrical inducing a pressure wave whose rise time is greater than 0.1 microseconds, preferably greater than 10 microseconds.
• the method may include one or more of the following features:
• the voltage source is charged by a high-voltage charger at a voltage of between 1 and 500 kV, preferably between 50 and 200 kV;
• the method further comprises static fracturing of the reservoir by hydraulic pressure, preferably static fracturing precedes electric fracturing;
• the well is horizontal
• the electrical fracturing is repeated in different treatment zones along the well and / or in which in each treatment zone, several arcs are generated afterwards.
• a process for hydrocarbon production comprising fracturing a geological hydrocarbon reservoir according to the method described above.
• FIGS. 1 to 3 diagrams representing proposed fracturing methods
• FIGS. 4 to 6 an example of the electrical fracturing of the fracturing process of any one of FIGS. 1 to 3;
• FIGS. 7 to 10 examples of a particular device for generating an electric arc
• FIG. 1 there is provided a method of fracturing a geological reservoir of hydrocarbons.
• the process of Figure 1 comprises static fracturing (S20) of the tank by hydraulic pressure. And the method of Figure 1 also comprises, before, during or after the static fracturing (S20) (these three possibilities is represented by the dashed lines in Figure 1), an electric fracturing (S10) the generation reservoir of a electric arc in a well drilled in the tank.
• S10 electric fracturing
• the process of Figure 1 improves the fracturing of the reservoir.
• the term "electric arc” refers to an electric current created in an insulating medium.
• the generation of the electric arc induces a "pressure wave", ie a mechanical wave in subjecting passing a pressure medium in which the wave passes.
• the generation of the electric arc allows damage to the tank diffus'multidirectionnel more than 1 "from a static damage fracturing.
• the generation of the electric arc thus results in microcracks in all directions around the position of the arc electrical, and thus increases the permeability of the reservoir, typically by a factor of 10 to 1000.
• the increased permeability occurs without using means for preventing the closing of the microcracks, as the injection of propant.
• the electric fracturing (S 10) does not require considerable energy or quantities of excessive water. There is no need for particular water recycling system.
• the combination of static fracturing (S20) and electrical fracturing (S10) therefore allows for better overall fracturing of the reservoir.
• the electric arc is preferably generated in a fluid present in a well drilled in the tank.
• the pressure wave after the electric arc is thus transmitted with less attenuation.
• the wellbore contains fluid which is typically water.
• electric fracturing (S 10) follows a drilling process, the drilled well can be automatically filled with water present in the tank. Potentially, if the drilled well does not fill automatically, it can be filled artificially.
• Static fracturing can be any type of static fracturing known from the prior art.
• the static fracture (S20) may include, after the possible drilling a well in the reservoir, the injection of a fluid under high pressure into the well. Static fracturing (S20) thus creates one or more unidirectional cracks, typically deeper than those created by electrical fracturing (S 10).
• the fluid can be water, a mud or a technical fluid with controlled viscosity enriched with hard agents (grains of sieved sand, or ceramic microbeads) which prevent the fracture network from closing on itself at the time of the pressure drop.
• hard agents grains of sieved sand, or ceramic microbeads
• Static fracturing may include a first injection phase in a well drilled to a fracturing fluid containing thickeners, and a second stage that involves periodic introduction of propant (ie a proppant) into the fracturing fluid to feed the fracture created by propelling.
• propant ie a proppant
• the second phase or in phase involves the additional introduction of a reinforcing material and / or consolidation, thereby increasing the strength of propant clusters formed in the fracturing fluid.
• Such static fracturing (S20) makes it possible to obtain fractures typically between 100 and 5000 meters.
• Static fracturing (S20) can precede electrical fracturing (S 10).
• the pressure wave generated by the electric fracturing (S 10) can follow the course of the fluid introduced into the fissures created by the fracturing static (S20) and thus improve one damage.
• such an order between fractures (S20) and (S10) presents little risk of leakage.
• static fracturing (S20) may precede electrical fracturing (S10) by less than a week.
• FIG. 2 there is also provided a method of fracturing a geological reservoir of hydrocarbons previously fractured statically by hydraulic pressure.
• the process of FIG. 2 then comprises the only electrical fracturing (S 10) tank, carried out in a tank where a well has already been drilled and has already been statically fractured.
• the process of Figure 2 allows the damage of tanks already exploited after static fracturing.
• the process of Figure 2 allows the exploitation of an abandoned tank because already exploited, potentially reusing a well already drilled.
• FIG. 2 corresponds to the method of FIG. 1 (where static fracturing (S20) corresponds to this prior static fracturing).
• the preliminary static fracturing may have been carried out according to the method of FIG.
• FIG. 3 there is provided a method of fracturing a hydrocarbon geological reservoir comprising a particular electrical fracturing (S 10).
• the electrical fracturing (S 10) proposed in the process of FIG. 3 can of course be used in the process of FIG. 1 and / or in the process of FIG. 2.
• the process of FIG. 3 mainly comprises electrical fracturing ( S 10) of the reservoir by the generation of an electric arc in a fluid present in a well drilled in the reservoir (thus combined or not with static fracturing, for example the static fracturing (S20) of the process of FIG. 1).
• the electric arc induces a pressure wave whose rise time is greater than 0.1 ⁇ s, preferably greater than 10 ⁇ s.
• the process of Figure 3 improves the fracturing of the reservoir.
• the rise time of the pressure wave is the time required for the pressure wave to reach the pressure peak, i.e. the maximum value of the wave (also called “peak pressure").
• a rise time greater than 0.1 ⁇ , preferably greater than 10 ⁇ s corresponds to a pressure wave which penetrates better into the reservoir.
• Such a pressure wave is particularly effective (ie the wave penetrates deeper) in the case of ductile materials, such as those composing shale gas reservoirs.
• the rise time is less than 1 ms, advantageously less than 500 s.
• the pressure wave may have a maximum pressure of up to 10 kbar, preferably greater than 100 bar and / or less than 1000 bar. This may correspond to an energy stored between 10 J and 2 MJ, preferably between 10 kJ and 500 kJ.
• the well can be horizontal.
• the well may be horizontal and have a length preferably between 500 and 5000 m, preferably between 800 and 1200 m, for example at a depth between 1000 and 10000 m, for example between 3000 and 5000 m.
• Electric fracturing (S10) can be repeated in different treatment zones along the well. It has in fact with electrical fracturing (S 10) a pressure wave which generally penetrates less deeply that a static fracturing. Thus, with electrical fracturing (S 10), cracks of length less than 100 m, typically less than 50 m, and typically greater than 20 m, are typically obtained. For a well several hundred meters long, the repetition of electrical fracturing (S 10) along the well allows damage along the well and therefore a better possible exploitation of the reservoir.
• each treatment zone or in ⁇ single treatment zone if it is unique, several arcs can be generated afterwards.
• the damage is thus improved by repeating the pressure wave.
• the generated arcs can be the same or different.
• the arcs generated subsequently induce a pressure wave whose rise time is decreasing.
• the arches in succession can present an increasingly steep front, thus inducing a pressure wave having a rise time faster and faster.
• the first impulses have slower fronts to penetrate deeply, whereas the pulses to the stiffer fronts fracture closer to the well and more densely. This optimizes ⁇ damage.
• the first arcs can for example induce a pressure wave whose rise time is greater than 10 ⁇ s, preferably 100 ⁇ s.
• the last arcs can then induce a pressure wave whose rise time is less than the rise time of the first arcs, for example less than 10 ⁇ s or 100 ⁇ s.
• the first arcs comprise at least one arc, preferably a number less than 10,000 or even 1000, and the last arcs comprise at least one arc, preferably a number less than 10,000 or even 1000.
• the arcs can be generated at a frequency less than 100 Hz, preferably less than 10 Hz, and / or greater than 0.001 Hz, preferably greater than 0.01 Hz.
• the frequency of the arcs can be (substantially) equal to the resonant frequency of the material to be fractured in the tank. This ensures more effective damage.
• the reservoir may have a permeability less than 10 microdarcy. This may include a shale gas tank. In this type of reservoir, the gas is typically adsorbed (up to 85% on Lewis Shale) and poorly trapped in pores.
• the generation of the electric arc can induce a temperature gradient generating a pressure wave in the fluid.
• Electrical fracturing may include the prior injection into the fluid of an agent for improving the plasticity of the material forming the reservoir.
• the agent may comprise a chemical additive.
• the chemical additive may be an agent inducing the rock fracture.
• the additive may include steam. This will further improve fracturing.
• electrical fracturing induces secondary fractures 42 at the point where the arc is generated.
• the secondary fractures 42 are shorter but more diffuse as the main fractures 41.
• the electric fracturing (S 10) is repeated in different treatment zones along the well.
• Figure 4 shows indeed an initial phase of electric fracturing (S 10) downhole.
• Figure 5 shows an intermediate phase in the middle of the well.
• Figure 6 shows a final phase at the beginning of the well.
• the secondary fractures 42 are scattered around the wells 43. It can then retrieve the surrounding hydrocarbon such secondary fractures 42, potentially distant hydrocarbon major fractures 41 and therefore difficult to recover by a single static fracturing.
• the arc of the method of any one of Figures 1 to 3 or 4-6 can be generated by any device provided for the generation of such an arc.
• a particular device for generating the arc will now be described. It is understood that the various functionalities of the particular device (ie the different actions that it makes it possible to perform) can be integrated into the process of any one of FIGS. 1 to 3, in particular to the electrical fracturing S 10 of the process.
• the particular fracturing device of a hydrocarbon geological reservoir comprises two packings defining between them a confined space in a well drilled in the reservoir (ie intended to be confined at least when the particular device is installed in a drilled well in the tank), and an electrical circuit (configured / adapted / planned) for generating an electric arc between two electrodes arranged in the confined space.
• the circuit comprises at least one voltage source connected to the electrodes and an inductance between the voltage source and one of the two electrodes.
• the device also comprises a pump for increasing the pressure of a fluid in the confined space and a fluid heater. The particular device improves the fracturing of the reservoir.
• the seals may be provided to conform to the well wall, generally cylindrical, thereby defining a confined space therebetween.
• the device may comprise a membrane that delimits the confined space.
• the membrane is then preferably made of a material suitable for good conduction of pressure waves, which optimizes electrical fracturing (S 10).
• confined is meant that the confined space is provided so that the pressure and temperature therein can be changed by the pump and the heater, as known to those skilled in the art. This allows to optimize the fluid in the confined space to promote the appearance of an electric arc between the two electrodes, depending on the reservoir conditions or the nature of the fluid. For example, increasing the temperature at constant pressure generally makes the appearance of an electric arc.
• the circuit comprises at least one inductance between the voltage source and the electrode to which it is connected.
• the inductance can be any component that induces a time delay of the current with respect to the voltage.
• the value of an inductor is expressed by Henry.
• the inductance may thus be a coil, possibly wound around a core of ferromagnetic material, or ferrites.
• the inductance is also known under the names of "self”, “solenoid” when it comes to a coil, or "self-inductance". The inductance reduces the current front in the circuit.
• the inductance may be greater than 1 ⁇ or 10 ⁇ , and / or less than 100 mH or 1 mH.
• the device may be movable along the bore and is set before the generation of an electric arc.
• the device may comprise moving means, eg by remote control. This allows the device to be adapted to the particular fracturing process of Figures 4 to 6, with the advantages resulting therefrom.
• the device can then be powered by a high voltage power supply located on the surface and connected to the device by electrical cables following the well. (Indeed, in the example of Figures 4 to 6, the mobility of the fracturing device 47, which may be the particular device, makes it possible to fracture the reservoir throughout the wells.
• the device 47 is fed in this example by a high voltage power supply 44 located at the surface and connected to the device 47 by the cables 46.)
• the device can then also include a stall system. This allows the device to remain in the well when it is blocked. We can then recover the well and / or the stem train.
• the device may be of generally elongated shape, which allows it to be moved more easily in the well.
• the device may also include several pairs of electrodes, over a length.
• the electrodes can be powered by several storage capacities. This makes it possible to perform the fracturing more quickly. Indeed, several arcs can then be generated at the same time between each pair of electrodes, and achieve more damage simultaneously.
• the device may include a system of injecting chemical additive that includes a storage tank for storing the additive and a pump for injecting the additive into the confined volume during the use of the device.
• the heating apparatus may include a source of hot fluid and a delivery duct, the duct having an opening near the electrodes such that, during operation of the device, the hot fluid can be routed from the source to the electrodes so as to create a thermal gradient between the electrodes.
• the duct routing can cross one or deu electrodes.
• the device 100 of Figure 7 includes two gaskets 102 and 103 defining therebetween the confined space 104.
• the enclosed space 104 is here defined further by the membrane 108.
• the device 100 also includes the two electrodes 106 arranged in the confined space 104.
• the two electrodes 106 are in the example respectively connected to the voltage source by an input 109 and a ground 103 (here merged with the seal 103) of the circuit, which allows the formation of the electric arc between the two electrodes 106.
• the electrodes may have a radius of between 0.1 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 30 mm.
• the device 100 of Figure 8 includes the inductor 1 10.
• the voltage source comprises the capacitor 1 12.
• the capacitor January 12 may have a capacity greater than 1 ⁇ , preferably greater than 10 ⁇ . Such capability can achieve energy causing the appearance of a subsonic arc.
• An electric arc is said to be “subsonic” or “supersonic” depending on its speed.
• a bow “subsonic” is typically associated with thermal processes: arc spreads through gas bubbles created by the heating of water.
• the main characteristics of a subsonic discharge are related to high energies involved (typically in excess of several hundred Joules), thermal processes associated with application time long voltage and at low voltage levels (low electric field). In this discharge regime, the pressure wave propagates in a large volume of gas before spreading in the fluid.
• a "supersonic" arc is typically associated with electronic processes. The discharge propagates in the water without a thermal process with a filamentary appearance.
• the capacitor 112 may have a capacity of less than 1000 ⁇ ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ F.
• the capacitor 1 12 is separated from the inductor by the spark gap 1 14 bootable by the pulse generator 16. This allows one to control the discharge of the capacitor 1 12 and thus the pressure waves generated by the electric arc.
• the generator Pulses 1 16 may be configured for repeating the oven as previously described.
• the voltage source i.e. the capacitor 1 12
• the voltage source is charged by a charger High
• Voltage 120 provided in an auxiliary circuit 122 at a voltage U of between 1 and 500 kV, preferably between 50 and 200 kV.
• the auxiliary circuit is preferably located on the surface, and is then separable from the device.
• the device 100 of Figure 9 is different from the example of Figure 8 in that a Marx generator January 18 replaces the capacitor 1 12 and the assembly (1 14 + spark gap generator 1 pulse 16).
• the generator Marx 1 18 during discharge allows the creation of a supersonic electronic arc, imposing a higher voltage than the capacitor 1 12.
• the voltage source comprises the capacitor 1 12 of FIG. 8 and the Marx generator 1 18 of FIG. 9.
• the pulse generator 1 16 primes the first spark gap 1 17 of FIG. Marx generator 1 18.
• the device 100 further comprises the ferrites 1 19 forming a saturable inductance in a path leading the capacitor directly to the inductor.
• the ferrites 1 19 are configured to be saturated once the generator of Marx 1 18 discharged. Once the ferrites 1 19 saturated, only the capacitor January 12 discharges. This allows a temporary isolation of the capacitor 1 12 and thus the passage (ie switching) of a supersonic arc to a subsonic arc.
• the device thus provides a coupling between a supersonic and subsonic discharge.
• the subsonic discharge produced by the capacitor 112 intervenes after a delay corresponding to the breakdown time of the generator Marx 1 18.
• the switching can be done in a time less than 1 s.
• the duration of the discharge produced by the generator Marx 1 18 is very short time less than 1 microsecond, and greater than 100 kV amplitude.
• the various components of device 100 are adjustable characteristics, ie may change their characteristics before use depending on the reservoir, or during use according to the response or advancement of fracturing.
• the coil 1 10 can be of adjustable inductance.
• the characteristics of the Marx generator 1 18 (capacity of each capacitor in parallel, number of capacitors operating) can be adjustable.
• the distance between the electrodes 106 preferably between 0.2 and 5 cm, more preferably between 1 and 3 cm, can also be adjustable.
• the capacity of the capacitor 1 12 can also be adjustable. This makes it possible to have a device 100 adapted to the fracturing of any type of tank. Indeed, it is not necessary to replace the device 100 when the reservoir is changed to fracture (and the material is different) because it is sufficient to change one or more adjustable parameters. This also makes it possible to optimize 1 " damage by modifying, possibly remotely, the parameters in use.
• the generation of the pressure wave can be broken down into two phases: a pre-discharge phase S 100 and a post phase.
• -discharge SI 10 separated by the appearance S 105 of the arc.
• the voltage drops. This fall corresponds to the discharge of the equivalent capacity of the energy bank or the Marx generator into the equivalent resistance of the device 100.
• the greater the equivalent resistance the better the conservation of the energy in the pre-breakdown phase.
• the configuration of electrodes can therefore, in each case (subsonic or supersonic) allow to obtain the least loss of energy possible. This corresponds to the optimization of the heating water in one case and the electric field in the other.
• the electrical circuit can be modeled by an RLC circuit in oscillating mode.
• This current i (t) is a function of the breakdown voltage UB (dielectric breakdown of medium) of the capacitor, the inductance and resistance of the circuit.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 represent the peak pressure measurements as a function of the maximum current during the discharge phase S 1 and the linear regression of the measurements, respectively in subsonic and supersonic mode. It can be seen that the pressure at a similar peak current is greater for a "supersonic" discharge. This can be explained in part by the processes generating the electric arc in the water and the volume of gas between the arc and the liquid in inter-electrode space present.
• a pressure transducer was also used to visualize the waveforms of the pressures generated depending on the frequency spectrum.
• This frequency spectrum can indeed be modified by the dielectric breakdown mode, by the parameters of the electric circuit, by the volume of gas, as well as by the nature of the liquid used.
• Two examples of frequency spectrum associated with a subsonic and supersonic discharge were tested. It appeared that the higher the spectrum showed low frequencies, roughly 1 damage was diffuse.
• the result of various experiments carried out shows a linear relationship of the dP m ax dt p as a function of the current front di max / dti, shown in Figure 16.
• the current front has an influence on the pressure front. The slower the current front, the lower the pressure.
• the peak current i max is controlled by the available energy at the moment of the arc noted E b and by the inductance of the circuit L, these are the two parameters on which the user must act.
• the resistance R is considered very weak and the capacitance C is a function of the energy E b .
• the peak pressure generated is therefore controlled by the current i max (parameters E b and L) and by the coefficient k] (function of the inter-electrode distance and the dielectric breakdown mode of the water). We can therefore act on E b , L and k [to obtain the desired pressure.
• the coefficient k 2 corresponds to the electro-acoustic physical coupling.
• the front of the pressure wave is thus controlled by the coefficients k 1 and k 2 and by the values of L and C (electrical circuit parameters).
• the maximum of the pressure wave resulting from dielectric breakdown of the water mainly depends on the value of the maximum current I max called.
• This value of the peak current is a function of the breakdown voltage and the impedances of the electrical circuit.
• a means to optimize the current is to increase the breakdown voltage of the gap. This amounts to maximizing the switched electrical energy in the medium.
• the amplitude of the pressure wave is optimized by reducing the impedance of the circuit.
• the shape of the current injection, the dielectric breakdown mode and the nature of the liquid have an influence on the dynamics of the pressure wave.
• This dynamic and the acoustic performance of the device can also be modified by the injection of artificial bubbles and by the "double pulse” method (subsonic and supersonic). With a constant injected current, the value of the pressure peak is greater in supersonic mode than in subsonic mode.
• the value of the pressure peak is greater the greater the inter-electrode distance.
• the geometry of the electrodes, injected constant current, has no influence on the generated peak pressure, but may play a role in reducing electrical losses in pre-discharge phase.
• the above studies confirm the usefulness of introducing inductance between the voltage source and one of two electrodes to act on the final generated pressure wave.
• the studies also confirm the interest of having adjustable parameters, eg the inductance, the capacity of the capacitor, the characteristics of the generator of Marx.
• the pressure wave depends on these parameters, the ability to adjust to control the pressure wave.
• the present invention is not limited to the examples described and shown, but it is capable of numerous variants accessible to those skilled in the art.
• the principles outlined above can be applied to the production of seismic data.
• the generation of the electric arc could alternatively induce a pressure wave having inferior characteristics to those necessary for fracturing the reservoir. This is achievable for example by adapting the charging voltage of the fracturing device and the charging voltage, and by adjusting the inductance.
• Such a method of seismic data can then productions include receiving a reflection of the pressure wave, the reflected wave being then typically modulated by passing through the material forming the reservoir.
• the seismic data generating method can then also include the analysis of the reflected wave to determine characteristics of the reservoir. We can then build a seismic survey based on the reception.

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