EP2684234A2

EP2684234A2 - Energy storage device, energy storage cells and heat-conducting element

Info

Publication number: EP2684234A2
Application number: EP12705983.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tim Schäfer
Original assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Current assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date: 2011-03-11
Filing date: 2012-02-23
Publication date: 2014-01-15
Also published as: WO2012123064A3; WO2012123064A2; CN103430347A; JP2014511552A; KR20140015402A; US20140072855A1; DE102011013617A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy storage device comprising a plurality of storage cells and a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of the storage cells or a cell assembly formed by the storage cells. Elastic means are arranged between a storage cell and another component for shock-absorbing bearing or for arranging them at a distance from each other. The other component is another storage cell or a holding element or another housing part or a heat-conducting element. Said elastic means are configured and designed as a functional component part of the temperature control device. Storage cells and heat-conducting elements which are suitable for use in the claimed energy storage device are also described.

Description

Energy storage device, energy storage cell and

thermally conductive element

Description

Hereby, the entire contents of the priority application DE 10 201 1 013 617 by reference is part of the present application.

The invention relates to an energy storage device, a

Energy storage cell and a heat conducting element. It is known that a battery for use in motor vehicles, in particular in motor vehicles with a hybrid drive or in

Electric vehicles, a plurality of electrically connected in series and / or parallel cells, such as lithium-ion cells having. The cells must often be cooled to dissipate the resulting heat loss. For this it is known, an indirect cooling by a

Coolant circuit or direct cooling using pre-cooled air, which is passed between the cells to use. When cooled by the coolant circuit, a metal cooling plate through which coolant flows can be arranged on the cell block of the battery, often below the cells. From the cells to the cooling plate, the heat loss, for example, either via separate heat conducting elements, eg. As thermal conductors or sheets, or passed over appropriately thickened cell housing walls of the cells. Frequently, the cell housings of the cells are made metallic, and they are subject to an electrical voltage. To prevent short circuits, the cooling plate is then separated from the cell housings by an electrical insulation, For example, a heat-conducting film, a molded body, a potting compound or a coating or film applied to the cooling plate, separated. The coolant circuit can also be used to heat the battery z. B. used during cold start.

There are already known various such batteries. For example, from DE 10 2008 034 869 A1 batteries are known whose cells are formed as so-called pouch cells whose substantially cuboid

formed active part in a cladding film (or a pair of envelopes) is sandwiched and tightly welded, wherein the cladding film forms a circumferential sealing seam and wherein the cell poles are formed by Abieiter, which pass through the seal at the top of the cells and project upwards , Between the cells cooling plates are arranged, which bear against the flat sides of the cells, below the cells are each angled and rest there on a cooling plate. About the

Heat sinks, the heat generated in the cell can be delivered to the cooling plate. The cooling plate is flowed through by a heat transfer medium and

transports the heat to an external heat exchanger. Batteries are known from the same document, the cells are formed as so-called flat cells, which are substantially cuboid and stacked arranged one behind the other on a cooling plate and braced with this, serving as cell pole, electrically conductive

Side wall of the cells each at the bottom, which faces towards the cooling plate, is angled to form the largest possible heat transfer surface to the cooling plate located there. The cells are clamped together in both cases by a clamping device, for example by a separate clamping plate and / or by clamping bands, and pressed against the cooling plate. From WO 2010/081704 A2, a battery is known in which several cells are braced in Coffeebag construction between frame elements with the help of two pressure frame and some tie rods. From the same document is it is known to provide compliant elements between successive cells in a battery pack. This can also mechanical

Actions on the flat sides of the cells are mitigated and

Relative movements as well as thermal expansions are compensated.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the structure of the prior art.

The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention form the subject of

Dependent claims.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a

Energy storage device proposed which a plurality of

Memory cells and a tempering for tempering the

Memory cells or a cell network formed by the memory cells, wherein between a memory cell and another device elastic means for shock-absorbing storage or spacing

are provided, wherein the other component another memory cell or a holding element or other housing part or a

Wärmeleitelement is, and wherein the elastic means as a functional

Part of the tempering designed and furnished.

As an energy storage device according to the invention a

Device understood, which is also able to absorb in particular electrical energy to store and release again, possibly taking advantage of electrochemical processes. As a memory cell in the context of the invention is a self-contained functional unit of

Energy storage device understood, which in itself is also able to absorb in particular electrical energy to store and release again, optionally taking advantage of electrochemical processes. For example, but not limited to, a memory cell galvanic primary or secondary cell (in the context of this application, primary or secondary cells are referred to without distinction as battery cells and an energy storage device constructed as a battery), a fuel cell, a high-performance capacitor such as Supercap or the like, or an energy storage cell of another kind. In particular, a memory cell constructed as a battery cell has, for example, an active region or active part in which electrochemical conversion and storage processes take place, an enclosure for encapsulating the active part from the environment, and at least two current conductors serving as electric poles of the memory cell. The active part points

For example, an electrode arrangement, which is preferably designed as a stack or winding with current collecting foils, active layers and Separatorschichten on. The active and separator layers may be at least partially provided as separate foil blanks or as coatings of the current collecting foils. The current conductors are with the

Current collecting foils electrically connected or formed by these.

A storage cell may also be a cell which receives and / or dispense energy not as electrical, but as thermal, potential, kinetic or other type of energy or a cell which receives energy in one type of energy and again in another type of energy, the storage in a different kind of energy can be done.

For the purposes of the invention, tempering is understood as meaning a removal or supply, in particular removal, of heat. It can be considered a passive one

Cooling, as by heat radiation at heat radiation surfaces, as an active cooling, such as by forced convection

Heat exchange surfaces or by heat exchange with a particular circulating heat transfer medium such as water, oil or the like can be realized in a heat exchanger. In this case, a control or regulation may be provided to maintain a predetermined allowable temperature range. A tempering device in the context of the invention can be described as Device for the mere exchange of temperature within the

Energy storage device or to exchange heat with a

Environment to be understood. As an elastic means is in the context of the invention, in particular a

Component understood, which also relative movements between

Memory cells, possibly between memory cells and others

Components, can catch. So it may be a particular

Damping element, for example, but not only, of the shape of a

Pillow, a strip, a layer or the like act.

If the elastic means as a functional part of

Temperature control device are designed and set up, constructive restrictions on the location and use of such elastic means can be overcome. Such limitations are often encountered because damping elements often consist of thermally insulating materials that have very low thermal conductivity, such as PU foam, sponge rubber, corrugated cardboard, or the like, and therefore an efficient one

Heat dissipation can be in the way.

In a preferred embodiment, the elastic means may comprise a thermally conductive sheath and an inner space, wherein the interior space is filled with an elastically yielding material. In a further preferred embodiment, the elastic means may be formed of a thermally conductive and elastically yielding material. In a further preferred embodiment, the elastic means may comprise a heat-conducting or heat-permeable casing and an inner space, wherein the

Interior is filled with a thermally conductive and elastically yielding material.

As a heat-conducting material in the context of the invention is understood then, if it has a thermal conductivity, the use as a heat conductor in the technical sense allowed. In this context, there is talk of a technically usable and structurally intended thermal conductivity, not of a minimal and physically unavoidable residual heat conduction, which is also present in materials that are inherently heat-insulating. A lower limit for a technically usable thermal conductivity can be assumed in the range of about 10 to 20 W m ^"1 K ^"1; this corresponds to the thermal conductivity of high-alloyed steel and some plastics provided with highly thermally conductive filling materials. It is preferred if the thermal conductivity lies in the range of at least 40 to 50 W m ^"1 K ^{" 1} , which corresponds to that of

Spring steel (e.g., 55Cr3). Particularly preferred is a

Thermal conductivity of at least 100 or a few 100 W m ^"1 K ^{" 1} given. For example, but not only, silicon may have 148 W m ^"1 K ^{" 1} or aluminum 221 to 237 W m ^{~ 1} K ^{~ 1} or copper 240 to 400 W m ^"1 K ^{" 1} or silver about 430 W m ^"1 K ^{" 1 are} considered suitable.

Carbon nanotubes whose thermal conductivity is given as about 6000 W m ^"1 K ^{" 1} should, in view of this point of view, represent the optimum that can currently be achieved; their commitment or the other

Special materials must be weighed in terms of cost, processability and other technical suitability. Against this background, training with a thermally conductive material according to the invention is to be understood that the elastic means or a component thereof either substantially consist of this material or, for reasons of strength, electrical insulation, temperature resistance or otherwise Properties or uses, only one core, one

Coating or layer, a sheath or the like of such a material. By suitable combination of materials so the desired properties between heat conduction and damping can be adjusted. The same materials as the above, or other good heat conductors such as ceramics or diamond, are also considered as fillers for thermally conductive plastics. Thermally insulating foams, for example, can be thermally insulating by doping with such materials, a technically usable thermal conductivity in the range of about 10 to 20 W m ^"1 K ^" receive. (All information on thermal conductivity at 20 ° C after hut, The fundamentals of engineering, Springer-Verlag, 31st edition 2000, Engelkraut et al., Thermally conductive plastics for Entwärmungsaufgaben, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology, as of 15.07.2008, German Edelstahlwerke, data sheet 1.7176, and Wikipedia, article on "thermal conductivity", as of 22.02.411;

Scope summaries, if necessary, on this side.)

If the elastic means lie at least in sections, preferably flat, against heat exchange surfaces of the storage cells, a good heat transfer is also achievable.

In preferred embodiments, the elastic means are electrically conductive or electrically insulating, for example, technical

Boundary conditions.

In a preferred embodiment, the elastic means are attached to respective memory cells or as an integral part of each

Memory cells formed.

In another preferred embodiment, the elastic means are attached to respective heat-conducting elements, which are arranged at least in sections between respective memory cells, or formed as an integral part of such heat-conducting elements.

Particularly preferably, the tempering device has a

Heat exchange device and have heat conducting elements, which are arranged at least in sections between respective memory cells, thermally conductive contact with the heat exchanger device.

In a further preferred embodiment, a clamping device for clamping the memory cells is provided, wherein preferably the Clamping device is designed and set up as a functional part of the tempering device. In the context of the invention, bracing means holding in a predetermined position, in particular

Relative position to each other, understood by clamping forces. In a bracing can also, but not only, elastic and frictional forces are exploited. Incidentally, the bracing does not exclude a positive position determination; It may, but need not, focus on preventing one

Confinement. If the clamping device is designed and set up as a functional component of the tempering device, the tensioning device can also fulfill functions which are related to the temperature control of the memory cells or of the cell network. These functions may, for example, but not only, the heat transfer from and to the memory cells, the heat transfer through heat radiating surfaces, the

Heat transfer from and to a heat carrier, the heat conduction to and from a heat source or heat sink and / or the like. For this purpose, for example, the clamping device may be formed with a thermally conductive material.

For example, the clamping device has at least one clamping band, which is formed with the heat-conducting material and which is preferably resilient at least in sections, such as wave spring-shaped, and / or has a clamping portion such as a turnbuckle or the like, preferably a plurality of clamping bands are provided of which at least one tension band covers at least one other tension band. For the purposes of the invention, a tension band is understood to mean an elongated, in particular flat, band-like component which can also be used to brace an arrangement of memory cells against one another, in particular to brace them in a looping manner. In this case, a shutter mechanism, a clamping mechanism or the like

be provided to allow mounting under tension. By a resilient design can also be achieved that exerted a uniform clamping force on the cell block. An elastic elongation of the tension band may be designed such that the tension band, when mounted under bias, has excess over the cell block and can be striped over it, wherein when the bias voltage is released, the tension band lays tightly around the cell block. For this purpose, the tension band may be formed in sections, for example, wave spring-shaped. Particularly advantageously, the wave-spring-shaped sections have planar sections which, under tension, rest flat against heat exchange surfaces of memory cells, heat-conducting elements or the like.

In another embodiment, the clamping device may comprise a plurality of tie rods, which are formed with the heat-conducting material. As a tie rod is in the context of the invention, an elongated trained, in particular a total length of the cell stack superior rod

understood, which clamps in particular on pressure elements such as plates or flanges, which press in a stacking direction of the memory cells on the respective outer memory cells, the cell block. Usually, a plurality of tie rods are provided, such as four, six, eight or more. Such tie rods include, for example, a head at one end and a thread at the other end, or threads at both ends to one

reliable tightening by tightening, by screwing or by screwing with the help of nuts to allow. The use of tie rods with appropriate shaping of the memory cells also has the advantage that memory cells can be threaded onto the tie rods in a relatively simple manner before bracing, which can also simplify assembly. Tie rods can extend, for example, through corresponding recesses of frame elements of Rahmenflachzellen and absorb heat from them. In this case, the clamping device further comprise holding elements and clamping elements, wherein the holding elements are arranged in alternation with the memory cells to hold the memory cells between them, and wherein the clamping elements clamp the holding elements with the memory cells, wherein the holding elements at least are thermally coupled in sections with heat exchange surfaces of the memory cells, and wherein the clamping elements abut at least in sections on heat exchange surfaces of the holding elements. It is advantageous if the holding elements are formed at least between the contact surfaces with the memory cells and the contact surfaces with the clamping elements with a thermally conductive material. In this way, a reliable clamping of the holding elements and the memory cells may be provided to a battery pack. Heat exchange surfaces of the holding elements may be outer surfaces, in particular edge surfaces, of the holding elements, for example, but not only if clamping bands are provided as clamping elements. Clamping elements such as, but not limited to, tie rods can also be passed through passages, such as holes, in the retaining elements; in this case, heat exchange surfaces of the

Retaining elements may be formed by inner surfaces of the passages.

Heat exchange surfaces of the memory cells can by flat or

Edge sides of the memory cells, by current conductors or on

Passage areas of current conductors by an enclosure of

Memory cells may be provided. It is advantageous if the clamping device at least

in sections, in particular by surface contact, is thermally coupled to portions of a heat exchanger device, wherein the

Heat exchanger device is preferably connected to a heat carrier circuit and wherein the heat carrier circuit is preferably controlled or regulated. In this way, the clamping device of the

Transport storage cell heat to the heat exchanger device and there to a heat transfer medium such as, but not only, water or oil. The heated heat transfer medium can circulate through the heat transfer circuit and return the heat absorbed elsewhere, for example to an air cooler or the like. According to further aspects, an energy storage cell having an active part and an enclosure surrounding the active part as well as elastic means fixed to or integral with the memory cell and designed and arranged for shock-absorbing storage or spacing of the memory cell from other components are provided; a heat-conducting element for arrangement between energy storage cells, characterized by elastic means which are attached to the heat-conducting element or formed as an integral part thereof and which are designed and arranged to conduct heat, and a heat-conducting element with a particularly thin-walled support structure, in particular for receiving an energy storage cell, the

thin-walled structure circumscribing a shape of a preferably flat parallelepiped, and wherein the thin-walled structure has at least one flat side and at least two narrow sides adjacent to the flat side, and elastic means fixed to or integral with the heat-conducting element and which are designed and are designed to conduct heat proposed. Preferably, the elastic means are each formed as described above. An energy storage device according to the invention, an energy storage cell according to the invention and a heat conducting element according to the invention are provided in particular for use in a motor vehicle, the motor vehicle in particular being a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. The foregoing and other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings show:

1 shows a frame flat cell in a schematic spatial view; FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the cell according to FIG. 1, FIG.

Fig. 3 is a schematic exploded view of the cell of FIG. 1;

4 shows a battery with a plurality of frame flat cells in a schematic spatial exploded view; Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the battery of Figure 4 in an assembled condition.

6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a damping element; Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another

Damping element;

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another

Damping element;

9 shows another frame flat cell in a schematic spatial exploded view;

10 shows a similar frame flat cell in a schematic exploded space view;

11 shows a further battery with frame flat cells in a schematic spatial view; FIG. 12 shows a pouch cell with damping elements in a schematic spatial view; FIG. 13 shows a battery with a plurality of pouch cells, which by means of

Zugankem are braced between frame members, in a schematic spatial view; 14 shows a single cell and a heat conducting element in a schematic spatial view,

15 shows a single cell and a heat conducting element in a schematic cross-sectional view,

16 shows a single cell and a heat conducting element in a schematic cross-sectional view,

17 shows a single cell and a heat conducting element in a schematic perspective exploded view,

18 shows a single cell and a heat conducting element in a schematic perspective exploded view, FIG. 19 shows a battery in a schematic spatial view

Exploded

FIG. 20 shows a mounted battery in a schematic spatial view; FIG. 21 shows a heat-conducting element in a schematic cross-sectional view;

FIG. 22 shows a heat conduction element with frame flat cell in a schematic spatial view; FIG. FIG. 23 shows a similar heat-conducting element in a schematic spatial view; FIG. , 24 shows a battery with a cell block braced in three spatial directions from a plurality of frame flat cells in a schematic spatial view; 25 shows a battery with a plurality of rows of cylindrical battery cells, which are braced by means of a fastening band with a battery housing wall, in a schematic plan view;

26 shows a battery with a plurality of rows of cylindrical battery cells, which are braced by means of fastening bands between two battery housing walls, in a schematic plan view;

It should be noted that the illustrations in the figures are schematic and are at least essentially limited to the reproduction of features which are helpful for the understanding of the invention. It should also be noted that in the figures reproduced dimensions and

Size relations are essentially due to the clarity of the representation and are not necessarily restrictive to understand, unless the description would be something else.

Corresponding parts are the same in all figures

Provided with reference numerals.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a galvanic cell 2 (also referred to as single cell 2 or cell 2) designed as a flat cell. In this case, a cell housing of the single cell 2 consists of two cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 and one

arranged between them, edge-surrounding cell housing frame 2.3 formed. The cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 of the single cell 2 are designed to be electrically conductive and form poles P +, P- of the single cell 2. On the cell case side wall 2.1 of the negative pole P- are two

Damping elements 2.4 arranged. The damping elements 2.4 are formed with elastically yielding properties. In addition, the

Damping 2.4 electrically conductive and have good

Heat conduction properties. The damping elements 2.4 are with the

Bonded cell housing side wall 2.1, wherein the bond is heat-conducting or heat-permeable and electrically conductive.

The single cell 2 has at least three voltage connection contacts K1 to K3. Namely, the cell housing side wall 2.1 forming the pole P- has at least two voltage connection contacts K1, K2, which in particular are electrically connected to one another inside the cell, in particular connected in parallel. In this case, the first voltage connection contact K1 is formed by the damping elements 2.4, which are electrically conductively attached to the pole P- of the individual cell 2 and thus to the cell housing side wall 2.1. The second voltage connection contact K2 is designed as a measuring connection 2.1 1, the radial over the cell housing side wall 2.1 at an arbitrary position, here at the top of the cell 2, via the single cell 2 as a flag-like extension

protrudes.

The third voltage terminal contact K3 is through the pole P +

forming cell housing side wall 2.2 formed.

The cell housing frame 2.3 is made electrically insulating, so that the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 of different polarity are electrically isolated from each other. The cell housing frame 2.3 additionally has on a top side a partial material increase 2.31, the function of which is explained in more detail in the description of FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 2 shows the single cell 2 according to FIG. 1 in a cross-sectional view, an electrode stack 2.5 being arranged in the cell housing 2. In a central region, electrode foils 2.51 of different polarity, in particular aluminum and / or copper foils and / or foils of a metal alloy, are stacked on top of one another and electrically isolated from one another by means of a separator (not shown in detail), in particular a separator foil.

In an edge region of the electrode foils 2.51 projecting beyond the middle region of the electrode stack 2.5, electrode foils 2.51 of the same polarity are electrically connected to one another. The interconnected ends of the electrode films 2.51 of the same polarity thus form a

Pole contact 2.52. The pole contacts 2.52 different polarity of

Single cell 2.2 are also referred to below as Stromabieiterfahnen 2.52. In detail, the ends of the electrode films 2.51 are electrically pressed together and / or welded together and form the

Stromabieiterfahnen 2.52 of the electrode stack 4.

The electrode stack 2.5 is arranged in the cell housing frame 2.3 which surrounds the edge of the electrode stack 2.5. The cell housing frame 2.3 has for this purpose two spaced-apart material returns 2.33, 2.34, which are designed so that the Stromabieiterfahnen 2.52 different polarity in the material returns 2.33, 2.34 are arranged. The clear height h1 of the material returns 2.33, 2.34 is designed so that it corresponds to the extent of the uncontrolled stacked Stromabieiterfahnen 2.52 or less than this. The depth t of the material returns 2.33, 2.34 corresponds to the extension of the Stromabieiterfahnen 2.52 or is designed to be larger than this.

Since the cell housing frame 2.3 is preferably made of an electrically insulating material, the Stromabieiterfahnen 7 different polarity are electrically isolated from each other, so that additional arrangements for electrical insulation are not necessary. When attaching the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2, which

For example, in a manner not shown by gluing and / or flanging of the flat sides 2.8 in a cell housing frame 2.3 circumferential recess, the current collector lugs 2.52 of different polarity against the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 pressed so that a respective electric potential of the Stromableiterfahnen 2.52 to the Cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 is applied and these form the poles P +, P- of the single cell 2. In one embodiment of the invention can be between the Stromableiterfahnen 2.52, which z. B. made of copper, and the housing side walls 2.1, 2.2, which z. B. made of aluminum, in addition a film not shown, which z. B. made of nickel, may be arranged to achieve an improved electrical connection between the Stromableiterfahnen 2.52 and the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to arrange an electrically insulating film not shown in detail between the Stromableiterfahnen 2.52 and the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 or the

Cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 on one side to perform with an electrical insulating layer, so that an electrical contact of the

Stromableiterfahnen 2.52 with the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 only in a not further running, known from the prior art through-welding process from the outside by the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 is formed.

According to the illustration in FIG. 2, the damping elements 2.4 are arranged at approximately the same height as the current collector lugs 2.52 on the housing side wall 2.1 and have a height h2 measured from the housing side wall 2.1. That part of the flat side 2.8 of the cell 2 or the

Housing side wall 2.1, which limits the electrode stack 2.5, is free of damping elements 2.4. When lined up and tense several single cells 2 in the direction of a cell stack (stacking direction s) a compressive force D is exerted on the single cell 2, the introduction of the compressive force D is limited to the Stromabieiterfahnen 2.52 and the adjacent areas of the cell housing frame 2.3, while the electrode stack 2.5 remains free of compressive forces. This remains the same even if the

Electrode stack 2.5 should extend during operation of the single cell 2 in the stacking direction s.

3 shows an exploded view of the single cell 2 explained in greater detail in FIGS. 1 and 2 and also shows the arrangement of the electrode stack 2.5 in the cell housing frame 2. 3 and the cell housing side walls 2. 1, 2. 2.

Here, the cell housing side wall is 2.1 with the flag-like

Measuring connection 2.11 in a lower area by 90 ° in the direction of

Cell housing 2.3 bent to form a chamfer 2.12, so that when using a in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 illustrated

Wärmeleitplatte 4 an enlargement of an effective heat transfer surface A1 and thus improved cooling of the battery 1 can be achieved. In modifications of this embodiment, the damping elements are 2.4 on the other side wall 2.2 or both

Housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 arranged. In the latter modification can be provided as a further embodiment that a damping element 2.4 in the upper part of the housing side wall 2.1 and another

Damping element 2.4 are arranged in the lower region of the housing side wall 2.2 or vice versa. Such an arrangement can, in particular if the measuring connection 2.11 is missing, prevent unwanted reverse polarity of the cells, since the position of the damping elements 2.4 encodes the pole position. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the battery 1, which is used for example in a vehicle, in particular a hybrid and / or electric vehicle, is shown in an exploded view and in a perspective view. 4 shows an exploded view of a battery 1 with a cell network Z formed from a plurality of individual cells 2. To form the cell network Z, the poles P +, P- of several individual cells 2 are serially and / or in dependence on a desired electrical voltage and power of the battery 1 connected electrically in parallel with each other. Also in dependence on the desired voltage and power of the battery 1, the cell assembly Z may be formed in developments of the invention of any number of single cells 2.

By electrically contacting the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 of adjacent individual cells 2 with different electrical potential respectively via the damping elements 2.4 is a serial electrical

Interconnection of the poles P +, P- realized the single cells 2. In particular, the cell housing side wall 2.2 of one of the individual cells 2 is non-positively, positively and / or materially connected to the on the

Cell housing side wall 2.1 with the flag-like measuring connection 2.11 mounted damping elements 2.4 an adjacent single cell 2 and, since the damping elements 2.4 are electrically conductive, thus electrically connected to the adjacent single cell 2. The battery 1 is formed in the illustrated embodiment of the invention of thirty individual cells 2, which are electrically connected together in series. For an extraction and / or a supply of electrical energy from and / or into the battery 1, an electrical connection element 10 is arranged on the cell housing side wall 2.2 of the first single cell E1 of the cell network Z, which in particular forms the positive pole P + of the first single cell E1. This connection element 10 is designed as an electrical terminal lug and forms the positive pole terminal P _{pos of} the battery first Also on the cell housing side wall 2.1 of the last single cell E2 of the

Cell group Z, which in particular forms the negative pole P of the last single cell E2, an electrical connection element 1 1 is arranged. This connection element 11 is also designed as an electrical terminal lug and forms the negative pole terminal P _{neg of} the battery 1. It should be noted that at least the upper damping element 2.4 of the last single cell E2 is removed at this point. At the bottom of the battery 1, the cell composite Z is thermally coupled to the heat conducting plate 3. The heat conducting plate has

Heat transfer connections 3.1, which arranged with a in the interior of the heat conducting 3, for example meandering and possibly branched

Heat transfer channel (not shown in detail) are connected. Here, the cell housing side walls are 2.1 with the 90 ° in the direction of

Cell housing frame 2.3 bent edge 2.12 directly or indirectly via a thermally conductive material, in particular a heat conducting 4, thermally coupled to the heat conducting 3, so that an effective cooling of the battery 1 is achieved.

In one development of the invention, the thermally conductive material may additionally or alternatively be formed from a potting compound and / or a lacquer. For a non-positive connection of the individual cells 2 to the cell assembly Z and a frictional connection of the heat conducting 3 and the

Wärmeleitfolie 4 to the cell network Z are the cell network Z, the

Heat conducting 3 and the heat-conducting 4 arranged in a housing frame. This housing frame is in particular one or more of the cell composite Z completely enclosing clamping elements 8, z. As clamping bands formed, which the individual cells 2 and the cell composite Z, the heat conducting 3 and the heat-conducting 4 in both horizontal and in connect positively in a vertical direction. In order to enable a secure hold of the clamping elements 8, the heat-conducting plate 3 is preferably at an underside to the dimensions of the clamping elements eighth

corresponding material recesses 3.2 formed.

In non-illustrated embodiments of the invention, some or all components, d. H. the single cells 2, the heat conducting 8, the

Wärmeleitfolie 1 1 or the entire battery 1 alternatively or additionally be installed in a battery case partially or completely encapsulated.

In this embodiment of the invention, the damping elements 2.4 are elastically yielding, electrically conductive and thermally conductive. Therefore, the housing side walls 2.1 and 2.2, which form the poles P and P + of the cells 2, between adjacent cells reliably via the damping elements 2.4 electrically contacted. Further, a compressive force, which is introduced via the clamping bands 8 in the cell block Z, on the

Damping elements 2.4 introduced into the frame region of the cells 2, wherein the region of the electrode stack 2.5 remains free of clamping forces. The cell 2, in particular the electrode stack 2.5, can expand comparatively freely in the stacking direction during operation. Even shakes can be in the

Damping elements 2.4 are absorbed, the individual cells 2 are mechanically largely decoupled from each other. Finally, the damping elements 2.4 have good thermal conduction properties. This allows a heat exchange between adjacent individual cells 2 take place.

Excess heat of a single cell 2 can not only on the

Cell housing side wall 2.1 of this single cell 2, but additionally via the cell housing side wall 2.1 of an adjacent single cell 2 are derived. If the battery 1, for example, a lithium-ion high-voltage battery, a special electronics is generally required, which, for. B. monitors and corrects a cell voltage of the individual cells 2, a battery management system, which in particular controls a power consumption and Abgäbe the battery 1 (= battery control), and fuse elements, which at

Malfunction of the battery 1 perform a safe separation of the battery 1 from an electrical network.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, an electronic component 13 is provided which at least not shown devices for cell voltage monitoring and / or to a

Cell voltage compensation includes. The electronic component 13 can in a continuation of the invention as encapsulated electronic

Building unit to be formed.

The electronic component 13 is arranged at the head end on the cell assembly on the clamping elements 2 and the cell housing frame 2.3 of the individual cells 2. To the largest possible contact surface of the electronic

Component 13 and at the same time to achieve a fixation of the clamping elements 8 at the top of the cell assembly Z, at the top of the frame 2.3 of each individual cell 2 partially the material increase 2.31 is formed, whose height corresponds in particular to the thickness of the clamping element 8. For a fastening of the electronic component 13 to the cell assembly Z and / or to the clamping elements 8 are not shown frictional, positive and / or cohesive bonding techniques used. For electrical contact of the cell assembly Z with the electronic component 13, the tab-like measuring terminals 2.1 1 arranged on the cell housing side walls 2.1 are guided by contact elements 13.3 arranged in the electronic component 13, which have a shape corresponding to the flag-like measuring terminals 2.1 1.

In addition, other electronic components, not shown, are provided, which, for example, the battery management system, the Battery control, the fuse elements and / or other means for operating and controlling the battery 1 include.

6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction of a damping element 2.4 shown in FIG. 1, 2 or 3 in a first preferred embodiment variant.

As shown in FIG. 6, the damping element 2.4 has a first shell 2.41 and a second shell 2.42. The shells 2.41, 2.42 are connected to one another at a seam 2.43, for example by welding, gluing or the like. The shells 2.41, 2.42 are made of an electrically conductive and thermally conductive material such as aluminum, or

made like. The shells 2.41, 2.42 include an interior space 2.44, which is filled in the illustrated embodiment with an insulating material such as a PU foam, sponge rubber, felt or the like. It is also conceivable in another embodiment to fill the interior space 2.44 only with air.

7 shows, in a schematic cross-sectional view, a structure of a damping element 2.4 shown in FIG. 1, 2 or 3 in another preferred embodiment variant.

As shown in FIG. 7, the damping element 2.4 has a first shell 2.41 and a second shell 2.42. Between the shells 2.41, 2.42 extends at the edge of a bellows structure 2.45, which is connected at seams 2.43 to the shells 2.41, 2.42. The shells 2.41, 2.42 are made of an electrically conductive and thermally conductive material such as aluminum, or the like. The shells 2.41, 2.42 include an interior space 2.44, which is filled in the illustrated embodiment with an insulating material such as a PU foam, sponge rubber, felt or the like. With appropriate rigidity of the bellows structure 2.45 is in another

Variant also conceivable to fill the interior 2.44 only with air. FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction of a damping element 2.4 shown in FIG. 1, 2 or 3 in a further preferred embodiment variant.

As shown in FIG. 8, the damping element 2.4 has a foam block 2.45. The foam block 2.45 has a thermally conductive and electrically conductive plastic. In a further embodiment, the foam block 2.45 is foamed from a per se electrically and thermally insulating material which is doped with fillers, which are good electrical and thermal conductors.

It should be noted in particular, but not only, with regard to FIGS. 6 to 8 that the relationships of dimensions of components, such as component thicknesses or component thicknesses, for example, can be represented distorted in the figures to clarify the illustration, and FIG actual

Realizations, if necessary, may differ.

Fig. 9 illustrates in a schematic spatial

Exploded view of a trained as a flat cell single cell 2 as a further embodiment of the present invention. This

Embodiment is a modification of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5; Unless otherwise indicated in the following explanations, the explanations given with regard to FIGS. 1 to 5 apply correspondingly.

According to the illustration in FIG. 9, a cell housing (an enclosure) of the cell 2 is formed from two cell housing side walls 2. 1, 2. 2 and an interposed cell housing frame 2. The cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 of the cell 2 are designed to be electrically conductive and form poles P +, P- of the cell 2. The cell housing frame 2.3 is made electrically insulating, so that the cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 different polarity are electrically isolated from each other. Of the

Cell housing frame 2.3 additionally has a partial material increase 2.31 on an upper side. As in the previous exemplary embodiment of the invention, here too the cell housing side wall 2.1 with the flag-like measuring connection 2.1 1 has, in a lower region, a bevel 2.12 bent by 90 ° in the direction of the cell housing frame 2.3. Furthermore, this cell housing side wall 2.1 has in an upper region two lugs 2.13 bent by 90 ° in the direction of the cell housing frame 2.3. In assembly, the tabs 2.13 grip next to the material increase 2.31 on the upper narrow side 2.32 of the

Cell housing frame 2.3, while the edge engages 2.12 on the lower narrow side of the cell housing frame 2.3. In the present exemplary embodiment, the cell housing side wall 2.2 serving as a positive pole P + has a damping element 2.4 which rises from the cell housing side wall 2.2. Thus, that forms

Damping element 2.4 here the third voltage terminal contact K3 of the cell 2, while the other cell housing side wall 2.1 the first

Voltage contact K1 forms. To the properties of the

Damping element 2.4 is to the explanations of the previous

Reference Example and its modifications referenced. In this

Embodiment, the damping element 2.4 extends to a small edge area over the entire surface of the cell housing side wall 2.2, which is a distribution of compressive forces on the entire surface of the

Cell housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 of the cell 2 allows. In

Variants, the damping element 2.4 may be formed only partially on the cell housing side wall 2.2. Fig. 10 illustrates in a schematic spatial

Exploded view of a modification of the cell 2 shown in Fig. 9. The cell housing side wall 2.1 with the flag-like measuring connection 2.11 has in a lower region a 90 ° in the direction of

Cell housing frame 2.3 Curved lower edge (fold) 2.12. In this modification, the other cell housing side wall 2.2 has in an upper region two lugs 2.22 bent by 90 ° in the direction of the cell housing frame 2.3. In assembly, the tabs 2.22 of the second housing side wall 2.2 next to the material increase 2.31 on the upper narrow side of the cell housing frame 2.3 2.3, while the edge 2.12 of the first housing side wall 2.1 on the lower narrow side of

Cell housing frame 2.3 attacks.

As shown in FIG. 10, the second cell housing wall 2.2 has a damping element 2.4, and in addition, the first cell housing wall 2.1 has a damping element 2.4. Both damping elements 2.4 are formed like the damping element 2.4 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 and form the first and the third voltage connection contact K1, K3 of the cell 2.

A structure of the cell 2 of FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 is advantageous in a battery described as a modification of the battery 1 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. The clamping bands 8 are made of a thermally conductive material such as metal and are on the upper narrow sides of the cells 2.32 2.32 and thus on the flaps 2.13 of the cell housing side wall 2.1 flat. As a result, a heat transfer between the tabs 2.13 of the cell housing side wall 2.1 take place in the tension bands 8, and the

Excess heat can be transported by the tension bands 8, if necessary, up to the cooling plate 3.

By an electrically insulating, but heat-conducting or heat-permeable coating of the clamping bands or a corresponding intermediate layer between the clamping bands 8 and the flaps 2.13 of Cell housing side wall 2.1 (not shown in detail), a short-circuiting or unwanted contact between adjacent cells 2 is avoided.

To increase the heat transfer surface, the width of the clamping bands 8 can be increased in relation to the battery 1 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and the width of the material increase 2.31 of the cell housing frame 2.3 can be increased

be reduced accordingly.

An electrical contacting of the cells 2 with each other takes place in this embodiment via the damping element 2.4. A heat exchange between adjacent cells 2 and a derivative of heat generated in the interior of the cells 2 is facilitated via the damping element 2.4.

Fig. 11 illustrates in a schematic spatial view the structure of such a battery 1 as a further embodiment of the invention. The battery 1 of this embodiment may be used as a

Modification of the battery shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are understood, so reference is made to the relevant explanations with respect to the basic structure.

The battery 1 is composed of thirty-five single cells 2. The individual cells 2 are secondary cells (accumulator cells) with active regions containing lithium, and are constructed as frame flat cells according to FIG. 9 or FIG. 10.

Below the cells 2, a cooling plate 3 for tempering the cells 2 is arranged. The cooling plate 3 has in its interior a cooling channel (not shown in detail) through which a coolant can flow and two coolant connections 3.1 for supplying and removing the coolant. About the coolant connections 3.1, the cooling plate 3 to a not shown

Coolant circuit can be connected, can be discharged via the absorbed by the coolant waste heat from the battery 1. Between the cooling plate 3 and the bottom surfaces of the cells 2 and the lower bends 2.12 of the cell housing side walls 2.1 is a

Heat conducting 4 arranged from electrically insulating material, which electrically isolates the cooling plate 3 of the cells 2. Over the cells 2, a pressure plate 5 is made of a metal such as steel, aluminum or the like, wherein on the underside an electrically insulating coating (not shown in detail) is provided. arranged. Further alternatively, the pressure plate 5 made of an electrically insulating material with good

Wärmeleitigenschaften such as a reinforced plastic with

be made thermally conductive dopants.

At a front end of the cell assembly is a front pole plate 6, and at a rear end of the cell assembly, a rear pole plate 7 is arranged. The pole plates 6 and 7 each form a pole of the battery 1 and each have a projecting beyond the pressure plate 5 beyond flag-like extension 6.1, 7.1, which each form a pole contact of the battery 1. Furthermore, the pole plates 6 and 7 each have two

Fixing tabs (see 6.2, 7.2 in Fig. 3), which are angled parallel to the pressure plate 5 of the respective pole plate 6, 7 and rest on the pressure plate 5 and are electrically isolated from the pressure plate 5.

The pressure plate 5, the cells 2, the pole plates 6, 7 and the cooling plate 3 are pressed together by two clamping bands 8, each to the

Pressure plate 5, the pole plates 6, 7 and the cooling plate 3 are guided around. The tension bands 8 span vertically extending planes with respect to the battery 1 and are therefore also referred to as vertical tension bands 8.

The clamping bands 8 are formed from a good heat conductor such as spring steel and have an electrically insulating, but heat-conducting or heat-permeable coating. Alternatively, between the

Pressure plate 5 and the cells 2 an electrically insulating intermediate layer be arranged similar to the heat conducting 4. The vertically extending

Tension bands 8 have heat-conducting, surface contact with the

Pressure plate 5 and the cooling plate 3 on. Due to the heat-conducting properties of the vertical clamping straps 8 and the pressure plate 5 and the heat-conducting contact of the pressure plate 5 with the upper narrow sides of the cells 2 receiving heat conducting elements 15 and the vertical straps 8 can also in the upper part of the battery, a heat balance between the cells 2 and a Heat transfer from the top to the lying on the bottom of the cooling plate 3 done.

The pressure plate 5 is in one embodiment, at least partially formed as a printed circuit board of an electrically insulating substrate, preferably made of plastic with an optional glass fiber reinforcement, and carries electrical components for monitoring and / or control of

Battery functions and traces, which are not shown.

Such electrical components are for example

Cell voltage monitoring elements and / or

Cell voltage compensation elements to compensate for different

Charge levels of cells, which are present for example on the circuit board in the form of microchips, and / or temperature sensors for monitoring a temperature of the cells 2. At least in areas on which the clamping bands 8 rest, the pressure plate 5 has good

Heat conduction properties; Such zones can also be referred to as heat-conducting zones. The pressure plate 5 is preferably also designed so that heat-generating and / or heat-sensitive

Circuit elements in the vicinity of the Wärmeleitzone and / or in

thermally conductive contact with the Wärmeleitzone can be arranged. Particularly preferably, the printed circuit board itself has good heat conduction properties and as such forms the pressure plate 5. The pressure plate 5 can in a further embodiment entirely of a material with good

Wärmeleitigenschaften be formed, wherein in areas where no Tension straps 8 rest, a circuit board is provided as described above.

In this embodiment, the tensioning device is realized by two metallic straps 8, which are provided with an electrically insulating, but heat-conducting layer. As an alternative to a coating can also electrically insulating, but heat-conducting or heat-permeable

Intermediate layers such as the heat-conducting foil 4 also between the vertical clamping bands 8 and the pole plates 6, 7.

In one embodiment, the tension bands 8 from a

Made of non-conductive material, such as a thermally conductive plastic, preferably with fiberglass, Kevlar or metal reinforcement and a heat-conductive filler. In such a case is an additional

Isolation may not be required.

In this embodiment, the clamping bands 8 each have a clamping area, which in the illustrated embodiment as

wave-like Dehnbereich is formed. Instead of a Dehnbereichs of the clamping bands 8, a crimping method can be applied to tension the straps and firmly connect the ends together. In a further alternative embodiment, toggle closures,

Be provided screw caps or a similar type of turnbuckle.

The tension straps 8 may extend in a variant in not shown depressions on the pressure plate 5, the rear pole plate 7, the cooling plate 3 and the front pole plate 6. Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of a battery cell 2 as another embodiment of the present invention. The battery cell 2 of this embodiment is a so-called

Coffeebag or pouch cell, whose flat, roughly cuboidal

Electrode stack (active part) is wrapped in a foil which is sealed in the edge region and forms a so-called sealed seam 2.7.

Current conductors 2.6 of the cell 2 extend through the sealing seam 2.7 at passage areas 2.71. The current collector 2.6 of the cell 2 are arranged in this embodiment on opposite narrow sides, preferably the shorter narrow sides of the cell 2. On the other narrow sides of the sealing seam 2.7 a seam 2.72 is formed.

On the flat sides of the cell 2 damping elements 2.4 are attached as elastic means (cushion), z. B. glued or the like. The

Damping elements 2.4 serve the elastic support of the cell 2 against other cells or a battery housing frame or a frame member and are suitable to compensate for thermal expansions or absorb shocks. The damping elements 2.4 have good thermal conductivity, but they are electrically non-conductive. For this purpose, for example, a resilient, not particularly thermally conductive formed material such as PU foam, sponge rubber or the like in a good

thermally conductive sheath (foil or the like) arranged. The sheath is preferably itself stretchable or bellows-shaped to follow the movements of the resilient material can. Alternatively, the compliant material, which may or may not be disposed in a separate envelope, is itself heat-conducting

Properties on. It is, for example, a Wärmeleitgel, an arrangement of metal springs, shavings or the like or doped with metal parts foam.

Incidentally, the explanations with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 can be used analogously to the damping elements 2.4. Due to the heat-conducting properties of the damping elements 2.4, a thermal balance between adjacent cells 2 can be facilitated. If between adjacent cells 2 heat conduction such

Wärmeleitbleche or the like are arranged, an effective heat dissipation from a cell assembly of cells 2 can be realized without having to provide active cooling in the interior of the cell network.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing a battery 1 having a plurality of cells 2 in Fig. 12 as another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 13, a plurality of cells 2 are arranged between each two holding frames 16, 16 or 16, 17. The arrangement of cells 2 and holding frames 16, 17 is arranged between two end plates 18, 19. Four tie rods 20 with lock nuts 21 are provided for bracing the composite of cells, holding frame 16, 17 and end plates 18, 19.

The end plates 18, 19 also serve as electrical poles of the battery 1. For connection, corresponding connection devices 23, 24 are provided. An attached to struts 25 controller 26 is for monitoring of

State parameters of the battery 1 and the individual cells 2, to

Charge balance and the like provided. In order to avoid a short circuit between the end plates 18, 19, the tie rods 20 and / or locknuts 21 are electrically insulated against at least one of the end plates 18, 19.

The cells 2 are formed in this embodiment as so-called Coffeebag or Pouch cells according to FIG. 12. The cells 2 are held by the holding frames 16, 17 on the Abieitern itself or in the passage areas 2.71 and give at this point heat to the frame members 16, 17 from. Furthermore, between the damping elements 2.4 a cell 2 and an empty flat side 2.8 of an adjacent cell 2 Wärmeleitfolien (not shown), which extend up and down to the area of the fold 2.72 of the seal seam 2.7 and there between the fold 2.72 and a respective support frame 16, 17 is clamped. In this way, heat can also be released from the cell interior to the frame elements 16, 17 via the flat sides 2.8, the damping elements 2.4 and the heat conducting foils not shown. Of the compact block forming frame members 16, 17, the heat can through

Convection or heat sinks such as a cooling plate, for example as shown in FIG. 5 et al. shown to be dissipated.

In one embodiment, the tie rods 20 absorb heat from the frame members 16, 17 to discharge them to the outside. They are for this purpose in heat-conducting contact with the end plates 18, 19. About the end plates 18, 19 then the heat by means of a suitable

Cooling device (not shown in detail) are derived. The tie rods pass through the frame members 16, 17 and receive heat from the support frames 16, 17. Alternatively, separate contact elements can be provided which are gripped by the holding frames 16, 17 and exert the contact pressure on the edge sections of the cells 2 and absorb heat from them. As a cooling device comes z. As an air-flow profile made of aluminum or another good heat conductor into consideration, by the tie rods on the head side and / or the mother side with the

End plates 18, 19 is screwed. Alternatively, one or both of the end plates 18, 19 may have a cooling plate with or without circulating

Heat transfer medium be attached to the front side, to which the tie rods 20 can give off heat. There are also other types of heat dissipation through the tie rods 20 conceivable. In further embodiments, more than four tie rods, z. B. six or eight tie rods, be provided to clamp the cell block and dissipate heat. Alternatively, even in this form of a cell block, the tension can be achieved, for example, via heat-conducting tension bands (compare FIG. 11). In a further embodiment, such tension straps

For example, but not only, over chamfers 16.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1 of the support frame 16, 17 and the end plates 18, 19 are performed

In FIGS. 14 and 15, a galvanic cell or battery cell (single cell) designed as a flat cell is 2 and a corresponding one to it

FIG. 14 shows a perspective view and FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of the single cell 2 and of the

Wärmeleitelementes 14 show.

The individual cell 2 has an enclosure, which is not described in more detail, which encloses an electrode stack (not illustrated here). The housing has two film layers, which are welded in an edge region in order to form a so-called sealed seam 2.7 in order to enclose the electrode stack in a gas-tight and moisture-proof manner. The electrode stack is pronounced as a thickening of the single cell 2. Which in a stacking direction s to the

Flat sides of the electrode stack adjoining parts of the housing can also be understood as housing side walls 2.1, 2.2 in the sense of the definition in FIG. 1 ff.

The electrode stack is constructed similarly to the electrode stack 2.5 illustrated in FIG. 2; However, Ableitfahnen, depending on the polarity laterally offset, protrude from a single narrow side (here the top) of the electrode stack and are still connected within the enclosure with current conductors 2.6, which extend through the sealing seam 2.7 outwards and pole contacts P +, P- the Train cell 2. In one embodiment, according to polarity Ableitfahnen the electrode stack itself as

Current collector 2.6 be led through the seal seam 2.7 to the outside. On one of the housing side walls, here the housing side wall 2.2, a damping element 2.4 is arranged. The damping element 2.4 is formed integrally with the housing side wall 2.2 in this embodiment. Namely, the housing side wall has an inner shell 2.2a and a

Outer shell 2.2b, which are formed for example from a film material and can be understood as an analogy to the shells 2.41, 2.42 of the damping element 2.4 in FIG. 6. Between the inner shell 2.2a and the outer shell 2.2b extends a cavity 2.44, which is filled with an elastically yielding and heat-conducting material; to possible

Embodiments are made to the comments on Fig. 6. in the

In contrast to the damping element 2.4 shown in FIG. 6, it should be pointed out that in the present exemplary embodiment the outer shell 2.2b is not electrically conductive, and that the filling of the hollow space 2.44 is thermally conductive.

The heat-conducting element 14 is in this embodiment as a

Wärmeleitblech the width w and height h formed with a long leg 14.11 and a short leg 14.12, wherein the short leg 14.12 of the long leg 14.11 is angled L-shaped by about 90 ° and has a length d. The underside of the short leg 14.12 forms a

Cooling contact surface A1, which in the manner described in more detail below can be cooled.

The long leg 14.11 of the heat-conducting element 14 has a thickness b and has a cell contact surface A2, which bears against the first housing side wall 2.1 of the single cell 2. This allows a heat flow W of the

Single cell 2 over a large area through the cell contact surface A2 to the long

Leg 14.1 1 of the heat conducting element 14 and from there to the short leg 14.12 passed and discharged via the short leg 14.12 through the cooling contact surface A1. At the same time in one

Stack arrangement of a plurality of cells 2 and heat conducting elements 14 in a further heat flow, not shown heat from the interior of the cell 2 via the heat-conducting Dämfpungselemente 2.4 to the long Leg 14.12 a Wärmeleitelements 14 are discharged and discharged via the short leg 14.12 through the cooling contact surface A1.

FIG. 16 shows in a representation corresponding to FIG. 15 a single cell 2 and a heat-conducting element 14 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention in a cross-sectional view.

The single cell 2 is similar to the single cell in Figs. 14 and 15 constructed. The single cell 2 of this embodiment, however, lacks a damping element (2.4 in Fig. 14 or 2.2a, 2.2b, 2.44 in Fig. 15). Instead, that points

Heat-conducting element 14 on a side facing away from the single cell 2 side of the long leg 14.11 a damping element 14.2.

The damping element 14.2 has good thermal conductivity. For this purpose, for example, a resilient, not particularly thermally conductive designed material such as PU foam, sponge rubber or the like in a good heat conducting sheath (foil or the like) is arranged. The shell is preferably itself stretchable or bellows-shaped to the

Follow movements of the compliant material.

Alternatively, the compliant material, which may or may not be disposed in a separate envelope, is itself heat-conducting

Properties on. It is for example a Wärmeleitgel, an arrangement of metal springs, shavings or the like or one with

Metal parts doped foam.

In a further modification, the damping elements 14.2 can be applied as a heat-conducting damping layer directly on the long leg 14.1 1.

Due to the heat-conducting properties of the damping elements 14.2, a thermal balance between adjacent cells 2 can be facilitated be and effective heat dissipation from a cell assembly of cells 2 can be realized without having to provide active cooling in the interior of the cell network. 17 shows a single cell 2 and a heat conducting element 14 according to a further embodiment of the invention in a spatial

Exploded view.

The single cell 2 is constructed like the single cell in FIG. 16. The

Heat-conducting element 14 is also constructed substantially like the heat-conducting element 14 in FIG. 16; However, the heat-conducting element 14 in this embodiment, a damping element 14.2 on one of the single cell 2 facing side of the long leg 14.11. For details regarding the damping element 14.2, reference is made to the explanations to Fig. 21.

FIG. 18 shows in a representation corresponding to FIG. 17 a single cell 2 and a heat-conducting element 14 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention in a three-dimensional exploded view. The single cell 2 is constructed like the single cell in FIG. 17. The

Heat-conducting element 14 is also constructed substantially like the heat-conducting element 14 in FIG. 16 or 17; However, the heat-conducting element 14 in this embodiment, a damping element 14.2 at both

Flat sides of the long leg 14.1 1 on. For details regarding the damping elements 14.2, reference is made to the explanations to Fig. 21.

FIGS. 19 and 20 show a battery 1 with a plurality of individual cells 2 described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18 and heat conduction elements 14 arranged between them, wherein the battery 1 in FIG

Exploded view and shown in Fig. 20 in an assembled state. The individual cells 2 are combined to form a cell network Z. For cooling the battery 1, a cooling plate 3 is arranged on the bottom side of the individual cells 2. In this case, the short legs 14.12 of the heat-conducting elements 14 are heat-conducting, namely connected by flat contact with the cooling plate 3. As a result, from the individual cells 2 to the associated

Heat transfer elements 14 transferred heat to the cooling plate 3 dissipated when the temperature is lower than the temperature of the heat conducting elements 14.

The heat-conducting elements 14 are pressed by means of clamping elements 8, in particular tension straps, with the individual cells 2 and fixed to the cooling plate 3. For this purpose, the cooling plate 3 on a side facing away from the cell assembly Z side in the longitudinal direction of notches 3.2, which corresponds to the dimensions of

Clamping element 8, in particular its width and height, correspond. The number of notches 3.2 corresponds in particular to the number of clamping elements 8 which are used for fastening the cell assembly Z.

The cooling plate 3 further has a coolant connection unit 3.10 with at least one inlet opening 3.1 1 and at least one outlet opening 3.12, via which a cooling medium or heat transfer medium can be supplied to the cooling plate 3 or can be removed therefrom. By the Kühlmittelanschlusseinheit 3.10, the cooling plate 3 is connected to a coolant circuit, for example, a coolant circuit of an air conditioner, not shown

Motor vehicle. In the coolant circuit, the cooling medium flows, which dissipates heat absorbed via the coolant circuit.

Fig. 21 illustrates in a cross-sectional view the structure of a

Wärmeleitelement 14 as a further embodiment of the present invention. The heat-conducting element 14 of this embodiment has a

Carrier structure 14.1 and two damping elements 14.2 on. The support structure 14.1 is made of a good heat conducting material such as aluminum or another metal, a thermally conductive plastic or the like. It has in cross-section the shape of a T-profile with a long leg 14.1 1 and two short legs 14.12. The long limb 14.11 is provided for arrangement between battery cells 2 (shown as dashed outlines 2) of a cell network in order to absorb heat generated in the battery cells 2. The short legs 14.12 are provided for abutment with a heat conduction plate 3 (shown as a dotted outline 3) or the like to absorb heat absorbed by the battery cells 2

leave.

On both sides of the long leg 14.1 1, the damping elements 14.2 are arranged, e.g. glued on or the like. The damping elements 14.2 serve the elastic support of the cells 2 against each other and are suitable to compensate for thermal expansion of the cells 2 or absorb shocks. Incidentally, in terms of properties of the

Damping elements 14.2 referenced to the explanation of the damping element 14.2 in the heat conducting element 14 of FIG. 16.

The damping elements 14.22 may extend in a modification to the short legs 14.12, in order to achieve in particular in Rahmenflachzellen also a suspension down.

Between the short legs 14.22 and the cooling plate 3, an electrically insulating heat conducting foil or the like may be provided.

The heat-conducting element 14 of this embodiment can be used in a battery 1, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, between cells 2, which themselves have no spring elements. For use with cells whose flat sides are designed as cell poles, both the damping elements 14.2 and the support structure 14.1 are designed to be electrically conductive. At locations within a battery at which a series connection of such cells should be interrupted, as well as for use with cells in which cell poles are formed differently, such as by flag-like Abieiter, at least the

Damping elements 14.2 be designed to be electrically insulating.

FIG. 22 illustrates, as a further embodiment of the present invention, a heat conducting element 15 with a frame flat cell

formed galvanic cell (single cell) 2 in a three-dimensional view, wherein the Rahmenflachzelle 2 and the heat-conducting element 15 are shown separated from each other for the purpose of explanation.

As shown in FIG. 22, the cell 2 is formed similarly to the cells 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 or 9 or 10. However, the cell housing side parts 2.1, 2.2 have no bent sections (2.12, 2.13 or 2.22 in FIG. 6 or FIG. 8), and none of the cell housing side parts 2.1, 2.2 carries a damping element. The cell housing side parts 2.1, 2.2 are thus substantially formed as a flat plate whose height and width in

Essentially those of cell frame 2.3 without the

Increase in material 2.31. It should be noted that the invention in the embodiment of this embodiment is also functional when the cell housing side parts 2.1, 2.2 of the cell 2 have bent portions and / or spring elements.

The heat-conducting element 15 is formed as a flat box with a bottom 15.1 and a narrow peripheral edge 15.2. In this case, the bottom 15.1 forms a first flat side of the heat-conducting element 15 and the edge 15.2 forms four narrow sides of the heat-conducting element, while an exposed edge 15.20 of the edge 15.2 defines a second, open flat side of the heat-conducting element 15. The heat-conducting element 15 is in the present

Embodiment as a deep-drawn part of a material with good electrical and thermal conductivity properties, preferably from

Aluminum or steel or another metal. The edge 15.2 has in an upper area in the middle of a

Material recess 15.3 on. The width of the material recess 15.3 corresponds to the width of the material increase 2.31 of the cell housing frame 2.3 of the cell 2 at play. The inner dimensions, in particular inner height and inner width of the Wärmeleitelements 15, with a small clearance to the

External dimensions of the cell 2 adapted so that the cell 2 finds room in the interior of the Wärmeleitelements 15 and can be used without force (see arrow "F" in Fig. 21). When the cell 2 heats up during operation and thereby expands, the cell housing can then be fixedly secured to the edge 15

Heat-conducting element 15 abut. The height of the edge 15.2 is dimensioned such that when the cell 2 rests with its cell housing side wall 2.2 on the bottom 15.1 of the heat-conducting element 15, the edge 15.2 does not reach the other cell housing side wall 2.1.

On the inner surface of the bottom 15.1 a damping element 15.5 is arranged. For properties of the damping element 15.5, reference is made to the explanations for damping elements 2.4, 14.2 according to the above

Description referenced.

A plurality of cells 2 with heat-conducting element 15 can be made into a cell block or a battery, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5

be summarized. On the one hand, the heat-conducting elements 15 act as a contact between contact sections K1, K3 of successive cells, on the other hand they transport heat generated inside the cells 2 via the damping elements 15.5 and the bottoms 15.1 to the edges 15.2 exposed to the outside, where the heat is either direct delivered to a cooling plate or can be passed via clamping devices to a cooling plate. Analogous to the embodiments described above, provision is made for an electrical insulation between the heat-conducting elements 15 and the cooling plate or the tensioning bands (compare 8 in Fig. 5 et al

To avoid faulty contact. In one embodiment, the internal dimensions of the

Wärmeleitelements 15 not on clearance, but dimensioned with a slight undersize to the outer dimensions of the cell 2, so that the heat-conducting element 15 and the cell 2 are to be added with a certain force.

Although not shown in detail in the figure, recesses may be provided which are useful for receiving and guiding of straps. FIG. 23 illustrates in a schematic spatial view a modification of the heat-conducting element 15 according to FIG. 22.

As shown in FIG. 23, the edge 15.2 of the heat-conducting element has interruptions (notches) 15.4 at its edges, so that the continuous edge 15.2 (FIG. 21) is divided into two lateral edge sections 15.21, a lower edge section 15.22 and two upper edge sections 15.23. If the edge is dimensioned undersized to the cell 2, a joining force can be reduced in this modification, since the edge portions 15.21, 15.22, 15.23 can yield resiliently. The heat-conducting element 15 may initially be punched or cut from a flat sheet metal part during production and then bent into shape. Alternatively, the heat-conducting element 15 can be deep-drawn and then cut out.

As a further modification, four damping elements 15.5 are provided here, which are distributed over the inner surface of the bottom 15.1. For properties of the elastic elements 15.5 of this modification, the explanations to the damping elements 2.4 or 14.2 mutatis mutandis applicable.

Fig. 24 illustrates in a schematic spatial view the structure of a battery 1 as a further embodiment of the invention. The battery 1 is composed of thirty-five single cells 2, each in a Wärmeleitelement 15 are taken as shown in FIG. 22 or FIG. 23. The single cells 2 are secondary cells (accumulator cells) with active regions containing lithium, and are constructed as Rahmenflachzellen shown in FIG. Incidentally, the battery 1 of this embodiment can be understood as a modification of the battery shown in Figs. 4 and 5, so that reference is made to the explanations herein regarding the basic structure.

In addition to the vertical tension bands 8, which consists of a

thermally conductive material are formed and can conduct heat from the top of the battery to the cooling plate 3, yet another clamping band 9 is provided, which extends over the lateral sides of the individual cells 2 and the heat-conducting elements 15 and the battery 1 encloses in a horizontal plane; It is therefore also referred to as a horizontal clamping band 9. For properties of the horizontal tension band 9, reference is made to the explanations on the vertical tension bands 8 according to FIG. 11. In particular, the horizontal clamping band 9 is formed thermally conductive. The horizontal strap 9 covers in the region of the pole plates 6, 7, the tension bands 8. In an alternative embodiment, the tension bands 8, the strap cover 9. The horizontal strap 9 has in the lateral

Narrow sides of the heat-conducting elements 15 flat, heat-conducting contact with these and further comprises in the region of the pole plates 6, 7 flat,

thermally conductive contact with the vertical clamping bands 8. Due to the heat-conducting properties of the horizontal clamping band 9 and the heat-conducting contact of the horizontal clamping band 9 with the lateral narrow sides of the cells 2 receiving heat conducting elements 15 and the vertical clamping bands 8 on the one hand in the lateral region of the battery, a heat balance between the cells 2 and a

Heat transfer from the lateral side over the vertical tension bands 8 to the lying on the underside of the cooling plate 3 done. The tension band 9, like the tension bands 8, 9, may have an electrically insulating but heat-conducting or heat-permeable coating.

Alternatively, between the pressure plate 5 and the cells 2 or the upper narrow sides of the heat-conducting elements 15, an electrically insulating intermediate layer similar to the heat-conducting foil 4 may be arranged. Alternatively, thermally conductive or heat-permeable intermediate layers such as

Wärmeleitfolie 4 also between the vertical clamping bands 8 and the pole plates 6, 7, between the horizontal clamping band 9 and the

Heat-conducting elements 15 and between the horizontal clamping band 9 and the pole plates 6, 7 may be provided. An electrical insulation between the heat-conducting elements 15 on the one hand and the cooling plate 3, the pressure plate 5 and the clamping band 9 on the other hand is not required if the

Outer sides of the edges of the Wärmeleitelemente 15 as another

Embodiment in turn carry an electrically insulating layer.

In a further embodiment, the clamping band 9 in not shown depressions in the lateral narrow sides of the

Heat-conducting elements 15 and the front and rear pole plate 6, 7 extend. In a further variant, pressure plates (not shown in more detail) can also be provided between the tensioning band 9 and the lateral narrow sides of the heat-conducting elements 15.

Fig. 25 illustrates as a further embodiment of the present invention, the structure of a battery 1 in a schematic representation.

The battery 1 is composed of a plurality of single cells (cells) 2 arranged in three rows R1 to R3. A first row R1 is disposed adjacent to a battery housing wall 27, while the subsequent rows are spaced one row further apart from the row

Battery housing wall 27 are arranged away. In the figure, a cell 2 is shown from each row R1 to R3, while the other cells of the rows are symbolized by dots. Transverse to the extension direction of Rows R1 to R3 adjacent battery cells define a column S | of cells 2.

The cells 2 of the battery 1 of this embodiment are cylindrically shaped cells 2. The cells 2 of a pillar Si are through a

looped fastening strap 28 attached to the battery housing wall 27. The fastening strip 28 extends from the battery housing wall 27 and wraps around the cells 2 of the column Sj first wave to the cell 2 of the farthest row R3, wraps them further in a loop and then runs back to the battery housing wall 27, wherein it is the cells 2 of the column Si in in reverse order as previously waved in turn wavy. In this way, the cells 2 of a column Sj are held in position.

The fastening band 28 is made of a heat conductive material. By wrapping the cells 2, it is in close contact with them, absorbs heat generated in the cells 2, and

transports it to the battery housing wall 27. The battery housing wall 27 is actively or passively cooled or tempered. Fig. 26 illustrates as a further embodiment of the present invention the structure of a battery 1 in a schematic representation. This embodiment is a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. Here are the cell 2 of the three rows R1 to R3 between two housing side walls 27.1, 27.2. Two fastening straps 28.1, 28.2 extend between the housing side walls 27.1, 27.2, wherein they wrap around the battery cells 2 wave-shaped.

The fastening straps 28 or 28.1, 28.1 of the batteries 1 shown in FIG. 25 or FIG. 26 are made of an elastically yielding, preferably well-flexible material. Thus, an elastic support between individual cells 2 is achieved with each other and with a battery case. It will be understood that the invention is not directed to any particular plurality of pillars Si; Rather, the invention according to the embodiments described above is also applicable to batteries having only one column S of battery cells 2.

It is further understood that the invention is not limited to three rows R1 to R3 of battery cells 2; Rather, the invention according to the embodiments described above is also applicable to batteries having more or fewer rows Ri of battery cells 2.

Although elongated cylindrical cells 2 were assumed in FIGS. 25 and 26, in one embodiment, stacks of flat cylindrical cells, such as button cells or the like, may be provided in their place, which may be provided by a further, not shown

Clamping device in the axial direction are pressed together.

The invention has been described above on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, alternative embodiments and alternatives as well as modifications, which for their part are likewise to be understood as preferred embodiments of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, reference was made to explanations of other exemplary embodiments, variants, etc., wherever possible. It should be emphasized once again that wherever it is not clearly forbidden, features and characteristics of an embodiment, a variant, alternative or modifications to another

Embodiment, another variant, alternative or modification are at least analogously applicable.

All cells or single cells 2 of the above description are

Memory cells or energy storage cells in the context of the invention. All batteries 1 of the above description are energy storage devices according to the invention. All damping elements 2.4, 14.2, 15.5 and the fastening straps 28, 28.1, 28.2 of the above description are elastic means in the context of the invention. The latter fastening straps 28, 28.1, 28.2 are also a tensioning device according to the invention, as are the tensioning straps 8, 9 and the tie rods 20 with nuts 21, holding frames 16, 17 and pressure frames 18, 19 of the above description. All components related to heat dissipation, in particular cooling plates 3,

Heat-conducting elements 14, 15 and all heat-conducting damping elements 2.4, 14.2, 15.5 of the above description are functional components of a tempering device in the context of the invention. Cooling plates 3 of the above description are heat exchanger devices in the sense of the invention.

Trays 2.41, 2.42, an inner shell 2.2a, an outer shell 2.2b of the above description are thermally conductive sheaths in the context of the invention.

List of reference numbers:

1 battery

2 cell

2.1 cell housing sidewall

2.11 measuring connection

2.12 fold

2.13 tab

2.2 cell housing sidewall

2.2a inner shell

2.2b outer shell

2.4 damping element

2.22 tab

2.3 cell housing frame

2.31 material increase

2.32 Upper narrow side

2.33, 2.34 Material withdrawal

2.4 damping element

2.41, 4.42 bowl

2.43 seam

2.44 interior

2.45 bellows structure

2.46 foam block

2.5 electrode stacks

2.51 electrode foil

2.52 discharge lance

2.6 pole contact (current conductor)

2.7 Sealed seam

2.71 passage area

2.72 fold

2.8 flat side

3 cooling plate 3.1 Coolant connection

3.2 deepening

3.3 Cooling channel

4 heat-conducting foil

5 pressure plate

5.1 deepening

6 front pole plate

7 Rear pole plate

6.1, 7.1 Banner-like extension

6.2, 7.2 Fastening nose

7.3 deepening

8 Clamping element (vertical strap)

8.1 clamping range

9 Horizontal strap

10, 1 1 Electrical connection element

13 Electronic component

13.1 Device for cell voltage monitoring

13.2 Device for cell voltage compensation

13.3 contact element

14 heat-conducting element

14.1 support structure

14.11 Long thigh

14.12 Short thigh

14.2 damping element

14.21 Resilient material

14.22 Case

15 heat conducting element

15.1 ground

15.2 edge

15.20 edge

15.21, 15.22, 15.23 edge sections

15.3 recess 15.4 cuts

15.5 damping element

15 base plate

16, 17 support frame

16.1, 17.1 bevel

18, 19 end plates

18.1, 19.1 bevel

20 tie rods

21 mother

22, 23, 24 connection device

25 strut

26 control unit

27, 27.1, 27.2 housing wall

28, 28.1, 28.2 fastening tape

A1 cooling contact surface

A2 cell contact area

B bending direction

D pressure force

E1 First cell

E2 Last cell

F joining direction

K1 to K3 Voltage connection contacts P + positive pole

P- negative pole

Pneg Negative terminal

Ppos positive pole connection

R1 to R3 cell rows

Si cell column

W heat flow

Z cell network b, W width

d thickness

h, h1, h2 height

s stacking direction

t depth, thickness

It should be noted that the above list of reference signs is an integral part of the description.

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

An energy storage device comprising a plurality of

Memory cells and a tempering device for tempering the memory cells or a formed by the memory cells

Zellverbundes, wherein between a memory cell and another device elastic means for shock-absorbing storage or spacing are provided, wherein the other component another memory cell or a holding element or another

Housing part or a heat conducting element, characterized in that the elastic means as a functional part of

Temperature control are designed and set up.

Energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic means are formed with a thermally conductive material.

Energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastic means comprise a heat-conducting sheath and an inner space, wherein the interior space is filled with an elastically yielding material.

Energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastic means are formed of a thermally conductive and elastically yielding material.

Energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastic means comprise a heat-conducting or heat-permeable casing and an inner space, wherein the interior space is filled with a thermally conductive and elastically yielding material. Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic means at least partially, preferably flat, bear against heat exchange surfaces of the memory cells.

Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic means are electrically conductive.

Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic means are designed to be electrically insulating.

Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic means are attached to respective memory cells or formed as an integral part of respective memory cells.

Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic means are attached to respective heat-conducting elements, which are arranged at least in sections between respective memory cells, or formed as an integral part of such heat-conducting elements.

Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tempering a

Having heat exchanger means and heat conducting elements, which are arranged at least in sections between respective memory cells, thermally conductive contact with the

Have heat exchanger device. Energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a clamping device is provided for clamping the memory cells, wherein preferably the

Clamping device is designed and set up as a functional part of the tempering device.

Energy storage cell, with an active part and an enclosure surrounding the active part, and with elastic means which are attached to the memory cell or formed as an integral part thereof and for shock-absorbing storage or

Spacing the memory cell are designed and set up compared to other components, characterized in that the elastic means are designed and arranged to conduct heat, wherein the elastic means are preferably designed and set up as a functional part of the tempering.

Heat conducting element for arrangement between energy storage cells, characterized by elastic means which are attached to the heat conducting element or formed as an integral part thereof, and which are designed and adapted to conduct heat, wherein the elastic means preferably as a functional component of

Temperature control are designed and set up.

Wärmeleitelement, with a particular thin-walled

Carrier structure, in particular for receiving an energy storage cell, characterized in that the thin-walled structure circumscribes a shape of a preferably flat cuboid, and wherein the thin-walled structure has at least one flat side and at least two adjacent to the flat side narrow sides, and further characterized by elastic means, the attached to the heat conducting element or formed as an integral part of the same and which are designed and adapted to conduct heat, wherein the elastic means are preferably designed and set up as a functional component of the tempering device.