EP2678883A1 - Composant électronique, procédé de fabrication et utilisation de graphène dans un composant électronique - Google Patents
Composant électronique, procédé de fabrication et utilisation de graphène dans un composant électroniqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2678883A1 EP2678883A1 EP12705677.8A EP12705677A EP2678883A1 EP 2678883 A1 EP2678883 A1 EP 2678883A1 EP 12705677 A EP12705677 A EP 12705677A EP 2678883 A1 EP2678883 A1 EP 2678883A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- graphene
- electronic component
- conductive
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/881—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being a two-dimensional material
- H10D62/882—Graphene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3254—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the spacer being semiconducting or insulating, e.g. for spin tunnel junction [STJ]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/30—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy [MBE]
- H01F41/302—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy [MBE] for applying spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F41/305—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy [MBE] for applying spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices applying the spacer or adjusting its interface, e.g. in order to enable particular effect different from exchange coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D48/00—Individual devices not covered by groups H10D1/00 - H10D44/00
- H10D48/30—Devices controlled by electric currents or voltages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D48/00—Individual devices not covered by groups H10D1/00 - H10D44/00
- H10D48/385—Devices using spin-polarised carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/13—Semiconductor regions connected to electrodes carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. source or drain regions
- H10D62/165—Tunnel injectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/60—Electrodes characterised by their materials
- H10D64/66—Electrodes having a conductor capacitively coupled to a semiconductor by an insulator, e.g. MIS electrodes
- H10D64/68—Electrodes having a conductor capacitively coupled to a semiconductor by an insulator, e.g. MIS electrodes characterised by the insulator, e.g. by the gate insulator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
- H10K50/171—Electron injection layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3402—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition
- H10P14/3404—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition being Group IVA materials
- H10P14/3406—Carbon, e.g. diamond-like carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3263—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being symmetric, e.g. for dual spin valve, e.g. NiO/Co/Cu/Co/Cu/Co/NiO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electronic components, and in particular to an electronic component comprising at least two superposed conductive or semiconductor layers coupled electronically and / or magnetically.
- Electronic components comprise superimposed layers including conductive, semiconducting and / or insulating layers which may have electronic and / or magnetic coupling between them. These different layers may be ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or non-magnetic as well as organic or inorganic.
- Such electronic components can define, for example, a tunnel junction, a magnetic tunnel junction, a spin valve, a memristor, a semiconductor-based junction, a steep conductive / semiconductor interface, a steep conductive / conductive interface between two conductors. magnetic and / or non-magnetic or abrupt conductive / insulating interface.
- such electronic components can reach high temperatures and / or are subject to high electric fields. This promotes the migration of species between the layers of these electronic components. This results in a loss of performance.
- An object of the invention is to provide an electronic component in which the species diffusion phenomena between two electrically coupled conductive or semiconductive layers are at least limited.
- the invention proposes a component comprising at least two electronically and / or magnetically coupled conductive or semiconductive layers, at least one layer of graphene interposed between the conductive or semiconducting layers, so that the conductive layers or semiconductors are coupled electronically and / or magnetically through the thickness of the or each graphene layer.
- the electronic component comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or according to any one of the technically possible combinations:
- the two coupled layers are two conductive layers
- the two coupled conductive layers are non-magnetic and have an electronic coupling between them through the thickness of the or each layer of graphene;
- the two coupled conductive layers are ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic and have between them an electronic and / or magnetic coupling through the thickness of the or each layer of graphene.
- the two coupled layers are a conductive layer and a semiconductor layer
- the two coupled layers are each in contact with a respective face of the graphene layer
- the or each intermediate layer is an electrically insulating or semiconductive layer
- a coupled layer and an intermediate layer are each in contact with a respective face of a graphene layer
- the or each layer of graphene is formed of a single graphene film.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electronic component comprising a first conductive or semiconductive layer and a second conductive or semiconductive layer electronically and / or magnetically coupled through the thickness of a graphene layer. , comprising the steps of:
- the invention also relates to the use of a graphene layer interposed between two electronically and / or magnetically coupled conductive or semiconductive layers of an electronic component to prevent the diffusion of species between the two conductive or semiconductive layers electronically and / or magnetically coupled through the thickness of the graphene layer.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 are schematic sectional views of components. electronic devices according to different embodiments according to the invention.
- the electronic component 2 shown in FIG. 1 comprises two metal electrodes 4 separated by at least one electrically insulating intermediate layer 6 interposed between the two electrodes 4, here a single intermediate layer 6.
- the electrodes 4 are formed by conductive layers disposed on either side of the intermediate layer 6.
- the electrodes 4 are coupled electronically and / or magnetically through the intermediate layer 6.
- Electrons may pass directly from one layer to another.
- Two layers are magnetically coupled when at least one layer exerts a magnetic influence on the other.
- the two electrodes 4 are made of the same material or different materials.
- the layers forming the electronic component 2 are parallel to each other and stacked in a stacking direction E perpendicular to the layers.
- the electronic component 2 defines a single conducting / insulating / non-magnetic conductive tunnel junction when the coupling between the electrodes is simply electronic or a conducting / insulating / conductive magnetic tunnel junction when the electrodes 4 are ferromagnetic and the coupling is electronic and magnetic.
- the electronic component 2 further comprises at least one layer of graphene 8 interposed between each electrode 4 and the intermediate layer 6 and separating the electrode 4 from the intermediate layer 6.
- the graphene layer 8 is formed from one or more superposed graphene films.
- Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon monoplane crystal.
- a graphene film has a monoatomic thickness. Such a film is extremely thin while forming an effective diffusion barrier against the passage of molecules, atoms, and ions.
- a graphene layer therefore defines an anti-diffusion barrier.
- the graphene layer 8 interposed between each electrode 4 and the intermediate layer 6 defines a very effective barrier against the diffusion of species between the materials of the electrode 4 and the intermediate layer 6, while allowing the electronic coupling and / or between the electrodes 4 through the thickness of each layer of graphene 8, because of the very great fineness of the graphene layer.
- the electronic component 2 of FIG. 1 comprises a layer of graphene 8 interposed between each electrode 4 and the insulator 6.
- the electronic component 2 comprises a layer of graphene between one of the electrodes and the intermediate layer, the other electrode being in contact with the intermediate layer.
- the electronic component 2 of Figure 2 differs from that of Figure 1 in that the electrically insulating intermediate layer is replaced by an intermediate layer 6 conductive or semiconductor.
- the electronic component 2 defines a conductive / conductive / conductive junction or a conductive / semiconductor / conductive junction.
- the electrodes 4 are magnetic, and the electronic component 2 of FIG. 2 defines a spin valve or a magnetic tunnel junction.
- the electronic component 2 defines a light-emitting diode, in particular an organic light-emitting diode or OLED.
- the intermediate layer 6 is an electroluminescent organic semiconductor layer and the metal electrodes 4 may be magnetic or non-magnetic.
- a non-magnetic electrode is made for example of non-magnetic conductor or non-magnetic conductive alloy.
- a non-magnetic electrode is made for example of aluminum (Al), gold (Au), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), lithium (Li), platinum (Pt), indium oxide, tin (ITO) or alloy thereof or graphene / graphite.
- a ferromagnetic electrode is made for example of ferromagnetic metal, such as Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) or ferromagnetic metal alloy Cobalt-Iron-Boron (CoFeB), Nickel-Iron (NiFe), or in a metal oxide such as manganites ((La, Sr) MnO 3 ) or Heusier alloys such as Co2MnSi, Co2MnGe or Co2FeAI (1-x) Si (x).
- ferromagnetic metal such as Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) or ferromagnetic metal alloy Cobalt-Iron-Boron (CoFeB), Nickel-Iron (NiFe), or in a metal oxide such as manganites ((La, Sr) MnO 3 ) or Heusier alloys such as Co2MnSi, Co2MnGe or Co2FeAI (1-x) Si (x).
- a conductive intermediate layer 6 is made for example of metal or metal alloy, such as gold (Au), copper (Cu), ruthenium (Ru) and silver (Ag).
- An insulating or semi-conductive intermediate layer 6 is organic or inorganic.
- a component may comprise several organic and / or inorganic intermediate layers.
- An organic insulating or semiconductive intermediate layer 6 is formed, for example, of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III) (Alq 3), anthracene, polymers such as poly (para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) or polyfluorene (PFO) and / or self-assembled monolayers such as alkane thiols or any other organic material or combination thereof.
- the electronic component 2 of FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that it comprises two electrically insulating intermediate layers 6 interposed between the metal electrodes 4.
- the intermediate layers 6 are separated by a layer of graphene 8 interposed between the intermediate layers 6.
- the electronic component 2 thus comprises a graphene layer 8 between each electrode 4 and the intermediate layer 6 adjacent to this electrode 4, and a graphene layer 8 between the intermediate layers 6.
- the electronic component 2 comprises only a layer of graphene 8 interposed between one of the electrodes 4 and the intermediate layer 6 adjacent or between the intermediate layers 6.
- the electronic component 2 comprises two layers of graphene 8 each interposed between a respective electrode 4 and the adjacent intermediate layer 6, or interposed between an electrode 4 and the intermediate layer 6 adjacent and between the intermediate layers 6.
- the electronic component 2 of FIG. 4 comprises a stack of a conductive layer 10 and a semiconductor layer 12 separated by a layer of graphene 8 interposed between the conductive layer 10 and the semiconductor layer 12.
- the conductive layer 10 and the semiconductor layer 12 are each in contact with a respective face the graphene layer 8 on either side thereof
- the conductive layer 10 and the semiconductor layer 12 define a steep interface between them and are electronically coupled.
- the electronic component 2 of FIG. 5 comprises a stack of two superimposed magnetic layers 14, 16 separated by a layer of graphene 8 interposed between the conductive layers 14.
- the magnetic layers 14, 16 are each in contact with a respective face of the layer graphene 8 on both sides of it.
- the magnetic layers 14 and 16 define a steep interface between them and are magnetically coupled.
- a hard magnetic layer 14 is made of magnetic material harder than the other soft magnetic layer 16.
- the hard magnetic layer 14 is made for example of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni).
- the soft magnetic layer 16 is made for example of cobalt-iron-boron alloy (CoFeB).
- a magnetic layer 14 is made of ferromagnetic material and the other magnetic layer 16 is made of antiferromagnetic material.
- the antiferromagnetic magnetic layer 16 is made for example of iridium-manganese (IrMn), cobalt oxide (CoO) or bismuth ferrite (BiFe03).
- a method of manufacturing an electronic component comprising a first conductive or semiconductor layer and a second conductive or semiconductor layer electronically and / or magnetically coupled through the thickness of a graphene layer comprises the steps of :
- the method comprises, before the step of depositing the or each layer of graphene on the first layer, a step of depositing an intermediate layer on the first layer.
- the method comprises, before the step of depositing the second layer, a step of depositing an intermediate layer over the or each layer of graphene, and optionally an additional step of depositing at least one layer additional graphene on the intermediate layer.
- a graphene film of monoatomic thickness can be formed in a known manner.
- a graphene film of monoatomic thickness is deposited directly on an electrode by vapor deposition. This method is known as "chemical vapor deposition" in English.
- a graphene film is obtained by exfoliation of a graphite crystal. In both cases the film can then be transferred to a layer of the electronic component.
- at least one layer of graphene is interposed between two electronically coupled conductive or semiconductive layers, which makes it possible to prevent or at least limit the diffusion of species between these layers.
- the conductive or semiconductive layers remain electronically coupled through the thickness of the or each graphene layer.
- the graphene layers are formed of a single graphene film of monoatomic thickness. It is possible to interpose a layer of graphene formed of several superimposed graphene films.
- the invention applies to electronic components in general and to junctions in particular.
- the invention makes it possible to form magnetic or non-magnetic tunnel junctions, spin valves, memristors, etc.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Thin Film Transistor (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1100553A FR2972077B1 (fr) | 2011-02-24 | 2011-02-24 | Composant electronique, procede de fabrication et utilisation de graphene dans un composant electronique |
| PCT/EP2012/053127 WO2012113898A1 (fr) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | Composant électronique, procédé de fabrication et utilisation de graphène dans un composant électronique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2678883A1 true EP2678883A1 (fr) | 2014-01-01 |
Family
ID=45757006
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12705677.8A Withdrawn EP2678883A1 (fr) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | Composant électronique, procédé de fabrication et utilisation de graphène dans un composant électronique |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140070168A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2678883A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20140085376A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2972077B1 (fr) |
| SG (1) | SG192937A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012113898A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2998092B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-11-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Interposeur en graphene et procede de fabrication d'un tel interposeur |
| US8984463B2 (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2015-03-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Data transfer across power domains |
| US9064077B2 (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2015-06-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | 3D floorplanning using 2D and 3D blocks |
| US9536840B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2017-01-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuits (3DICS) with graphene shield, and related components and methods |
| US9041448B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2015-05-26 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Flip-flops in a monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) (3DIC) and related methods |
| US9177890B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2015-11-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Monolithic three dimensional integration of semiconductor integrated circuits |
| US9171608B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-10-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Three-dimensional (3D) memory cell separation among 3D integrated circuit (IC) tiers, and related 3D integrated circuits (3DICS), 3DIC processor cores, and methods |
| RU2585404C1 (ru) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-05-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет" (СПбГУ) | Графеновый спиновый фильтр |
| KR102434699B1 (ko) | 2015-07-31 | 2022-08-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 확산방지층을 포함하는 다층구조체 및 이를 구비하는 소자 |
| KR20170080741A (ko) | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-11 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 전자 장치 |
| US10261139B2 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2019-04-16 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of making a magnetic field sensor |
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| US6169303B1 (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 2001-01-02 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions with enhanced magneto-resistance |
| JP2002198583A (ja) * | 2000-12-26 | 2002-07-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 強磁性トンネル型磁気抵抗効果素子及び磁気ヘッド |
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2011
- 2011-02-24 FR FR1100553A patent/FR2972077B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-02-24 KR KR1020137024918A patent/KR20140085376A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-02-24 EP EP12705677.8A patent/EP2678883A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-24 SG SG2013064191A patent/SG192937A1/en unknown
- 2012-02-24 WO PCT/EP2012/053127 patent/WO2012113898A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-02-24 US US14/001,483 patent/US20140070168A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| US20090322319A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2009-12-31 | Qimonda Ag | Magnetoresistive sensor with tunnel barrier and method |
| US20090321860A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2009-12-31 | Qimonda Ag | Integrated circuit having a magnetic tunnel junction device and method |
| US20100188782A1 (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-07-29 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetoresistive element and thin-film magnetic head |
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| GUNHO JO ET AL: "Large-scale patterned multi-layer graphene films as transparent conducting electrodes for GaN light-emitting diodes", NANOTECHNOLOGY, IOP, BRISTOL, GB, vol. 21, no. 17, 30 April 2010 (2010-04-30), pages 175201, XP020174831, ISSN: 0957-4484 * |
| MOHIUDDIN T M G ET AL: "Graphene in Multilayered CPP Spin Valves", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 38, no. 11, 1 November 2008 (2008-11-01), pages 2624 - 2627, XP011292987, ISSN: 0018-9464 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2972077A1 (fr) | 2012-08-31 |
| WO2012113898A1 (fr) | 2012-08-30 |
| US20140070168A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
| FR2972077B1 (fr) | 2013-08-30 |
| KR20140085376A (ko) | 2014-07-07 |
| SG192937A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
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