EP2678672A1 - Biocapteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel biocapteur - Google Patents
Biocapteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel biocapteurInfo
- Publication number
- EP2678672A1 EP2678672A1 EP12705453.4A EP12705453A EP2678672A1 EP 2678672 A1 EP2678672 A1 EP 2678672A1 EP 12705453 A EP12705453 A EP 12705453A EP 2678672 A1 EP2678672 A1 EP 2678672A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- radiation
- sheet
- resin
- mask
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/022—Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0255—(Bio)chemical reactions, e.g. on biosensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0256—Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
- G01N2291/0257—Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors with a layer containing at least one organic compound
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0427—Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a biosensor.
- These chemical sensors are functionalized by molecules that can have a specific interaction with the biological material.
- the detection of the specific interaction is related to changes in weight or force applied to a cantilever, or microbeam, otherwise called microlevier.
- the silicon-based cantilevers, or microbeams can be put in series in the form of a matrix of sensors to improve the measurement statistics and thus the signal-to-noise ratio, but also to have different specific chemical interactions at the same time.
- the external detection schemes of the silicon microbeam deflection mainly use the optical reflection detection of a laser known to those skilled in the art. This method is not very well adapted for detection in deflection of a cantilever matrix for difficulties in setting up one or more lasers and / or lenses for serial or parallel reading of an entire matrix of micro-beams.
- an internal detection such as a piezoresistive sensor, piezoelectric or magneto-impedance has been implemented inside the microcarrier.
- Each recessed sensor is addressed by metal electrodes.
- the detection of the mechanical change, when the biomolecule functionalizing the biosensor is brought into contact with the biomolecule or the analyte to be detected and / or quantified can be carried out a) in dynamic mode when the cantilever is resonated at a frequency close to its resonance frequency to increase sensitivity detection, b) in static mode by detecting the deflection of the microbeam due to the modification of the surface stress of the microbeam when capturing the biomolecules.
- the aim of the invention is to lift the solid sensor latch of integrated microleviers matrix operating in biological solution by proposing a new biosensor manufacturing process based on fluoropolymer materials, in particular piezoelectric materials, to produce biosensors equivalent to biosensors based on silicon technology but less expensive compared to these.
- VUV radiation ultraviolet radiation (Vacuum Ultra Violet) of 200 to 100 nm wavelength, in the category of UV-C,
- UV radiation radiation emitting at a wavelength of 400 to 280 nm, in the category of UV-A and UV-B,
- Photosensitive or positive-type photoresist a photosensitive resin for which the portion exposed to UV or VUV radiation becomes soluble in a developer and / or the unexposed portion of the light-sensitive resin remains insoluble
- Negative or Negative Photosensitive Resin A photosensitive resin for which the portion exposed to UV or VUV radiation becomes insoluble to a developer and / or the unexposed photosensitive resin portion remains soluble.
- positive photoresists used in the invention are resins POSITIV 20 ® (KONTAKT CHEMIE) or resins 9260 AZ ®, 818 ® IF and SJR 5740 ® company MicroChem Corp. (Newton, USA),
- Negative photoresists or negative type used in the invention are the following resins: AZ series resins MicroChemicals GmbH (Ulm, Germany) such that the resin AZ5214E ®, or SU8-2000 ® ® or SU8-3000 of MicroChem Corp. (Newton, USA).
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- SU8 ® resin the developer AZ ® 351B or AZ ® 726 for AZ5214E ® resin.
- a solvent type Negative resist remover I 651 761 ® (Sigma-Aldrich).
- biosensors of the invention comprise, in their simplest form:
- microbeam also called a cantilever, which is the mobile part of the biosensor, connected to a support
- At least one electrode at least a part of which is embedded in the microbeam
- a mechano-electric transducer for converting the variations in the mechanical properties of the microbeam into an electrical signal, when the biological molecule A is brought into contact with a biological molecule B to be detected and / or quantified
- the mechano-electric transducer uses a detection of the mechanical properties of the different microbeams according to the type of biosensors used.
- the biosensor comprises only one electrode
- a beam deflection inducing a variation of the electrical resistance of the electrode formed on the cantilever is detected: the detection is said to be piezoresistive.
- the biosensor comprises a single electrode but also a ferromagnetic material on the part of the electrode embedded in the microbeam
- the variation of the impedance of the ferromagnetic material is measured when the molecule A is brought into contact with the molecule B to detect and / or quantify.
- Preferred ferromagnetic metals used in the invention to form the metal pad are selected from ferromagnetic metals with low coercive field, that is to say less than or equal to 2 Oersted.
- the preferred metals are nickel, iron, cobalt or an alloy or mixture of at least two thereof.
- the detection is performed by magneto-impedance.
- the biosensor comprises two electrodes on the same face of the biosensor, a change in the resonance frequency of the microbeam is detected by mass change when the biomolecule A is brought into contact with the molecule B to be detected and / or quantified.
- the detection is of the piezoelectric type.
- the biosensor comprises two electrodes, one on one side of the biosensor and the other on the other side, the variation of the resonance frequency of the microbeam is measured by mass change when the biomolecule A is brought into contact with the molecule B to detect and / or quantify.
- the detection is of the piezoelectric type.
- the resonance frequency change is detected when the molecule A is contacted with the molecule B to be detected and / or quantified.
- the detection is of the piezoelectric type.
- the essential characteristic of the biosensor of the invention is that the microbeam attached to a support is made of a fluoropolymer material, possibly having piezoelectric properties, these properties being indispensable in the case where the type of detection is a piezoelectric detection.
- the microbeam is integral with the support which is therefore also made of the same fluoropolymer material.
- the preferred fluoropolymer materials used in the invention are, when the biosensor is not a piezoelectric-type biosensor, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene P (VDF-TrFe), or a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- VDF-TrFe copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene P
- PTFE polymer of tetrafluoroethylene
- the fluoropolymer material used it is necessary for the fluoropolymer material used to be a fluoropolymer material having Piezoelectric. Examples of such materials are PVDF and P (VDF-TrFe) having piezoelectric properties.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to manufacture a biosensor comprising:
- microbeam which is the mobile part of the biosensor, connected to a support
- At least one electrode at least a part of which is embedded in the micro-beam
- a mechano-electric transducer for converting the variations in the mechanical properties of the microbeam into an electrical signal, when the biological molecule A is brought into contact with a biological molecule B to be detected and / or quantified
- Non-limiting examples of A molecule B molecule pairs are as follows:
- Detection of a particular antigen by a particular antibody allows, for example, whether or not a medium contains a particular antigen, for example to determine whether the medium is contaminated with the contaminant antigen or not.
- RNA - molecule A DNA or RNA - molecule B: complementary strand.
- - molecule A protein - molecule B: nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
- the detection of a particular antibody makes it possible, for example, to determine whether a human or animal subject has already had the disease of which the antigen is the marker.
- the detection by a particular protein of a particular antibody makes it possible, for example, to detect certain markers of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, etc.
- biosensor to screen drugs when the molecule A is an enzyme specific for a disease and that the molecule B is for example an inhibitor of this enzyme.
- the possibilities of using the biosensor according to the invention are very wide.
- the invention proposes a method of manufacturing a biosensor comprising:
- microbeam which is the mobile part of the biosensor, connected to a support
- the electrode at least one electrode, at least a part of which is embedded in the microcarrier, the electrode (s) optionally comprising a pad of ferromagnetic material,
- a mechano-electric transducer for converting the variations in the mechanical properties of the microbeam into an electrical signal, when the biological molecule A is brought into contact with a biological molecule B to be detected and / or quantified
- microbeam and its support are made of a fluoropolymer material and form an integral part
- the interface between the fluoropolymer and the electrode is preferably of a covalent nature
- step f functionalization, either of the zone prefunctionalized in step e), when this step is implemented, or of a zone of the microbeam, this zone being different from the embedding zone of the electrode (s) ( s),
- step f grafting of at least one biological molecule A on the functionalized zone obtained in step f).
- the electrode may be any conductive material which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- it will be copper or gold.
- the step d) of creating, in the fluoropolymer material sheet, the desired final shape of the biosensor and separating this form from the sheet, can be carried out:
- step e) of prefunctionalization when such a step e) is implemented
- step d) is carried out before step g) of grafting of biomolecule A as they make it possible not to damage or otherwise affect the biological molecule A during this step d).
- step d several methods can be implemented to perform step d).
- a first of these methods includes the following steps:
- step d2) compressing the mold made in step d1) on the sheet of a fluoropolymer material, d3) cutting around the mold of the desired structure by stamping with heating and / or ultrasonic acoustic excitation of the cutting die.
- a second method for implementing step d) comprises a step d4) of cutting the desired shape in the sheet of a fluoropolymer material by an excimer laser emitting in the wavelength range of the VUVs.
- a third method for implementing step d) comprises the following steps:
- step d6) the protocols established by E. Edqvist et al., J. Micromech can be used. Microeng. 18, 015007 (2008) and Frank D. Egitto, Pure & Appl. Chem. 62 (9), 1699-1708 (1990).
- step d) can also be carried out only after the steps f) of functionalization and g) grafting of the biomolecule.
- step d) is implemented before step e), after step e), or after step f).
- a fourth method for implementing step d) comprises the following steps:
- step d8) compressing the mold made in step d7) on the sheet of a fluoropolymer material
- a fifth method for implementing step d) comprises a step d10) of manual cutting, preferably with a scalpel, under a microscope, of the desired shape of the final sensor.
- the mold, in the first and fourth methods may be any material having a hardness greater than that of the fluoropolymer material.
- a first method of manufacturing the electrodes comprises the following steps:
- a mask made of a material not transparent to a VUV radiation comprising at least one opening or a zone of a material that is transparent to the VUV radiation, on the sheet made of fluoropolymer material, this opening or this zone having the shape desired electrode (s),
- step a2) irradiation with said VUV radiation, under an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, of the sheet obtained in step a1),
- step a4) a5) binding of Cu 2+ ions, by chelation, to PAA grafted in step a4), and a6) reduction of Cu 2+ ions to micro- or nano-particles of copper, preferably in the presence of NaBH 4 ,
- step a2) irradiation with VUV radiation is carried out under an inert gas.
- inert gas argon or nitrogen can be used as the inert gas argon or nitrogen.
- Nitrogen will be preferred for cost issues.
- Step a4) as in the rest of the text, all the grafting steps of acrylic acid molecules, by conventional chemistry, on irradiated areas VUV radiation can be performed with the following components and the following procedure:
- the irradiated areas are contacted with a solution containing acrylic acid which is then polymerized.
- This solution can see the percentage of acrylic acid vary from 0.5% to 100%.
- the solutions will then be carried out by diluting the acrylic acid in ultrapure water or ethyl acetate, for example. Preferably, it will be necessary to take a solvent solubilizing acrylic acid to obtain a single phase.
- Those skilled in the art can refer to the French patent application FR 0 955 859 for more information.
- Mohr salt (NH 4) 2 Fe (S0 4) 2 .6H 2 0) will be added up to 0.25% by weight. The latter makes it possible to inhibit the homopolymerization of acrylic acid in solution and thus to promote the grafting on / in the irradiated material.
- Step a5) as in the rest of the text, all the steps for fixing Cu 2+ ions by chelation, on the PAA, as well as the step a6) of reducing these Cu 2+ ions, are described fully in the US patent application 2010/0310800 filed April 30, 2010.
- Step a5) as in the rest of the text, all the steps for fixing Cu 2+ ions by chelation can be carried out using the following compounds and according to the following procedure:
- the step of fixing Cu 2+ ions of the process according to the present invention consists in putting the polymer-type compound capable of chelating (or complexing) the metal ions in the presence of such metal ions.
- the acrylic acid polymer i.e., polyacrylic acid or PAA is preferably used as the polymer type compound.
- This step is therefore a chelation step with complexation.
- the term "metal ion” means an ion of the type M n + , with M representing a metal and n being an integer between 1 and 7, and generally between 1 and 4. Typically it is is an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal, a lean metal (especially Al, Ga, In, Sn, Pb, Tl, Bi) or a transition metal.
- the present invention relates more particularly to the ions of a transition metal.
- a metal ion according to the invention is selected from the group consisting of Ag + , Ag 2+ , Ag 3+ , Au + , Au 3+ , Cd 2+ , Co 2+ , Cr + , Cu + , Cu 2 + , Fe 2+ , Hg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni + , Pd + , Pt + , Ti 4+ and Zn 2+ .
- the preferred ion is Cu 2+ .
- the metal ion is in an Si salt solution, advantageously in an aqueous saline solution, in the presence of an anionic counterion.
- anionic counterions that can be used, mention may be made of a chloride (CF), a bromide (Br " ), a fluoride (F), an iodide (F), a sulphate (SO 4 2- ), a nitrate (NO 3 " ) or a phosphate (P0 4 3 ⁇ ).
- the pH of the saline solution used during step (a5) may be necessary to control the pH of the saline solution used during step (a5) in particular for the groups (or structures) capable of chelating the ions
- the metal compounds carried by the polymer-type compound are in a form suitable for this chelation, for example, in ionized form.
- Those skilled in the art will know according to the chelating groups carried by the polymer-type compound and the Si solution, if it is necessary or not to modify the pH of this solution. If so, those skilled in the art knows different pairs acid / base capable of modifying the pH such as CH 3 COOH / NH 3 or CH 3 COOH / NaOH.
- the chelation step may be carried out with stirring, in particular by using a stirrer, a magnetic bar, an ultrasonic bath or a homogenizer and at a temperature below 60 ° C., in particular between 5 and 50 ° C., and especially between 10 and 40 ° C.
- Step a5) according to the invention is carried out, in a particular embodiment, at room temperature.
- ambient temperature is meant a temperature of 20 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C.
- Step a6) of reducing Cu 2 ions to micro-copper nanoparticles is well known to those skilled in the art.
- This step a6) as all the steps in the remainder of this text, in the rest of the text, are steps of chemical or photochemical reduction of metal ions, can be implemented in the following way:
- the chemical or photochemical reduction step of the process according to the invention consists in reducing the chelated (or complexed) metal ions by the polymer-type compound. Any reduction technique known to those skilled in the art can be used during this step.
- this reduction step is a chemical reduction or a photoreduction.
- the reducing solution S 2 is basic.
- the reducing solution S 2 comprises a reducing agent, in particular chosen from the group consisting of sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), dimethylamine borane (DMAB-H (CH 3 ) 2 NBH 3 and hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ).
- the pH of the reducing solution S 2 is neutral or basic, whereas for DMAB the pH of the solution S 2 is basic
- the reducing agent is present in the reducing solution S 2 at a concentration of between 10 -4 and 5 M, in particular between 0.01 and 1 M and in particular of the order of 0.1 M (ie 0.1 M ⁇ 0.01 M).
- chemical reduction step can be carried out at a temperature between 30 and 90 ° C, especially between 40 and 80 ° C and, in particular, between 50 and 80 ° C.
- the step a6) chemical reduction can last between 30 sec and 1 h, in particular between 1 and 30 min and, in particular, between 2 and 20 min. This step may be a photoreduction step.
- Ag ⁇ , Pt + , Pd + , and Au + ions can be reduced by UV irradiation (Edjala T et al, New Journal of Chemistry, Vol 32, Issue 8, 2008. Eda Ozkaraoglu, Ilknur Tune and Sefik Suzer , Polymer, Vol.50, Issue 2, 2009).
- this reduction involves an intermediate which can typically be a counter-ion or an organic molecule which, subjected to UV irradiation, provides the electrons necessary for the reduction of metal ions.
- this type of method may involve linear optical phenomena and nonlinear optics (typically a multiphoton process).
- Step a7) just like all the steps which, in the rest of the text, are stages of growth or formation of a layer of copper or gold can be carried out according to the following procedure:
- This step implements a metallization bath in which the activated polymers are immersed.
- the metal growth is catalyzed by the metal particles deposited in step a6).
- the metallization bath is a stable solution containing at least one metal cation and its complexing agent, a reducing agent and a stabilizer, generally in an alkaline medium.
- the precursors of the metallic material reduced in step a6) of the process according to the invention predominantly have an oxidation degree of 0.
- the metallization can then take place by immersion in a metallization bath and growth on the precursor particles at an oxidation degree of 0.
- the samples are immersed in the solution described in Table 1 below, heated to 40 ° C in a water bath:
- the samples were rinsed with ultrapure water, for example supplied by Millipore, under ultrasound for 10 minutes before being dried.
- ultrapure water for example supplied by Millipore
- XPS analysis confirms the presence of a metallic copper layer (in its reduced form, Cu °).
- the copper layer is also visible to the naked eye.
- the presence of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen after metallization is due to the presence of organic impurities at the extreme surface of the metallized substrate.
- Oxygen can also come from the air oxidation of the copper layer prior to analysis.
- a mask is used in a material not transparent to the VUV radiation comprising either one or more openings or one or more zones of a material that is transparent to the VUV radiation.
- non-transparent material to VUV radiation mention may be made of copper and silicon and, as a material transparent to VUV radiation, mention may be made of fused silica, quartz, CaF and MgF 2 .
- the electrodes may also be manufactured according to the method comprising the following steps:
- irradiation with said UV radiation of the layer formed in step a8) through a mask of a non-transparent material to said UV radiation comprising at least one opening or a zone of a material transparent to said UV radiation, this opening or this zone having the desired shape (of) electrode (s),
- step al2) fixation of Cu 2+ ions, by chelation, on PAA formed in step al 1), al 3) reduction of chelated Cu 2+ ions in PAA to form copper microparticles or nanoparticles allowing autocatalysing the metallization bath of step a4),
- a UV-sensitive resin of a positive type is used, and the irradiated resin zones are then removed and after irradiation.
- the mask used is a mask made of a material that is not transparent to UV radiation, comprising either openings (no material in this opening) or zones made of a material that is transparent to UV.
- materials which are not transparent to UV are copper, silicon, certain inks, certain polymeric materials such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polypropylene (PP).
- UV-transparent materials are fused silica, quartz, calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), glass or silica.
- Step a1) is a step of forming a PAA polymer by diazonium salt technology.
- Diazonium salt technology is also known in the art as GraftFast ® technology.
- This step like all the steps which in the following text refer to the grafting of acrylic acid molecules on the sheet of a fluoropolymer material by diazonium salt technology, is carried out as follows:
- a solution of a diazonium salt is first prepared from 10 ml of a solution of 1-4 phenyldiamine at 0.1 M in HCl (0.5 M), to which was added 10 ml of 0.1 M NaNO 2 solution in water. To this solution of diazonium salt are added 200 mg of iron filings and then, after 5 minutes, 10 ml of AA.
- the sample is then introduced into the reaction medium for 2 h, before being rinsed with water and introduced into a sodium hydroxide solution at pH 9.5 in the presence of ultrasound so as to solubilize the polyacrylic acid ( PAA) ungrafted. More details on this method can be found in French Patent FR 2 910 006.
- the electrode manufacturing step a) can still be implemented according to a method which comprises the following steps:
- step al7 binding of Cu 2+ ions, by chelation, to the PAA formed in step a6), 8) reduction of the chelated ions for the formation of micro- or nanoparticles of copper to activate the metallization bath of step al9)
- step a20 depositing a layer of UV-sensitive resin, of positive type, on the surface of the sheet of fluoropolymer material and metallized obtained in step a11),
- a21 irradiation, with said UV radiation, of the layer formed in step a20), through a mask made of a non-transparent material to said UV radiation comprising at least one opening or zone made of a transparent material UV radiation, this opening or this zone detouring the desired shape of the electrode (s),
- Step al 7 Cu 2+ ion binding, by chelation, on PAA and reduction of these Cu 2+ ions, is fully described in US patent application 2010/0310800 filed April 30 2010.
- step a23 As well as the steps which, in the rest of the text, are chemical etching elimination steps, of the layer of copper or gold formed, it is carried out by dipping the sheet a fluoropolymer material is in a solution of FeCl 3 , when the layer is copper, or aqua regia, which is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid containing two or three volumes of hydrochloric acid for a volume of nitric acid, when the layer is gold.
- a fluoropolymer material is in a solution of FeCl 3 , when the layer is copper, or aqua regia, which is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid containing two or three volumes of hydrochloric acid for a volume of nitric acid, when the layer is gold.
- the electrode forming step a) may further comprise the following steps:
- step a30 depositing a UV-sensitive, positive-type resin layer on the sheet of a metallized fluoropolymer material obtained in step a29),
- a31 irradiating, with said UV radiation of the layer formed in step a30), through a mask made of a material transparent to said UV radiation, comprising an opening or zone made of a material that is transparent to UV, this opening or this zone detouring the desired shape of the electrode (s),
- step a33 removing, by chemical etching, in the areas where the resin has been irradiated, the copper layer if formed in step a29), preferably with FeCl 3 , or the gold layer, if formed in step a29), preferably with a mixture of HN0 3 / HCl (aqua regia), a34) removal of the remaining resin.
- a last method for implementing step a) of forming the electrodes, in the method of the invention is a step which comprises the following steps:
- a36 irradiating, with said UV radiation, the layer formed in step a35), through a mask made of a non-UV transparent material, comprising at least one opening or zone made of a material transparent to said UV radiation, this opening or zone having the desired shape of the electrodes,
- step c) passivation of the electrodes When a pad of ferromagnetic material on the electrodes is not necessary, go directly to step c) passivation of the electrodes.
- Step b) of forming a stud in a ferromagnetic material can be implemented by a method which comprises the following steps:
- a mask made of a non-transparent material to said UV radiation comprising an opening or an area made of a material transparent to said UV radiation, this opening or this area having the shape and the location on the sheet obtained in step b1) of the desired pad on an area of the electrode previously obtained by steps a),
- step b6) binding, by chelation, of metal ions selected from Ni, Fe, Fe, Co 2+ or a mixture of at least two thereof, on PAA grafted in step b5),
- the step b5) of forming a PAA polymer in the areas where the irradiated resin has been removed by the diazonium salt technology corresponds to the implementation of the GraftFast ® technology which is fully described in the application. FR 0 758 660 and also above.
- step b7) of chemical reduction of the metal ions fixed in step f6) it is carried out as above.
- Step b8) just like all the steps which in this text refer to a step of growth of the metal layer, can be carried out from the following compounds and as follows:
- the electrode of the fluoropolymer sheet, immersed in this bath, is connected to a current source with a carbon counter-electrode in the same bath for a current density of 14.5 mA / cm 2 .
- This galvanic deposition will be preferentially under an external magnetic field (of the order of 0.2 milliTesla) applied to improve the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic pad for the magneto-impedance sensor.
- This step is carried out when the thickness of the metal layer obtained after reduction of the metal ions is not of a sufficient thickness, that is to say at a thickness of less than 1 micrometer.
- Step c) of passivation of the electrodes comprises the following steps:
- step c2) deposition or grafting, on the resin layer obtained in step c1), of a mask made of a material not transparent to UV radiation, comprising an opening or an area made of a material transparent to said UV radiation, this opening or this zone having the shape of the electrode (s),
- Step c) passivation of the electrodes may also be implemented by a method which comprises the following steps:
- step c) electrode passivation can also be implemented according to a method which comprises the following steps: 1) electrografting of an electrophoretic polymer material on the electrodes,
- the electrophoretic polymer material which is electrografted in step l1) is, for example, a GLASSOPHOR ® cathodic electrophoretic paint (BASF, Germany).
- the electrografting is carried out as follows:
- the electrode to be passivated with an electrophoretic paint film is connected to the negative pole of a voltage source, and immersed in a bath of GLASSOPHOR ® .H 2 0 to 40% with a counter electrode plate connected to the positive pole of the source of tension. A voltage of 17 volts is then applied between the two electrodes until the current detected in the circuit becomes zero. The electrode covered with the passivating film is then removed from the bath and rinsed with Millipore ® ultrapure water.
- step cl 2 The heating of step cl 2) is carried out at a temperature between 70 ° C and 130 ° C for about 30 minutes.
- the functionalization step f) is intended to provide a zone of the microbeam with functions capable of reacting with functions of the biomolecule A, to allow the grafting of the biomolecule A.
- step f) is, in the invention, a step of forming a layer of poly (acrylic acid) PAA polymer.
- the method of the invention does not include step e) of prefunctionalization and two methods of functionalization (formation of a PAA polymer layer) are possible.
- the first of these methods comprises the following steps: f) deposition or grafting of a mask in a non-transparent material to a VUV radiation, comprising an opening or a zone of a material transparent to said VUV radiation, this opening or this zone having the forming the zone of the sheet in a fluoropolymer material to be functionalized, this opening or this zone being located in the part of the mask corresponding to the microbeam to be formed, and outside the zone of the microbeam on which the electrode or electrodes are embedded or are recessed,
- step f2 irradiation, by said VUV radiation, in an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, of the sheet obtained in step fl),
- the step of grafting a mask onto the fluoropolymer sheet may be carried out by applying a mask made of a non-transparent material to the VUV radiation comprising either one or more openings or one or more zones made of a material that is transparent to the radiation.
- VUV a material not transparent to VUV radiation
- the second method for implementing step f) comprises the following steps:
- PAA acrylic acid polymer
- a zone of the microcarrier When for grafting the biomolecule A, it is necessary for a zone of the microcarrier to be provided with different functions of a carboxylic acid function, that is to say when, to graft the biomolecule A, functions such as amino functions (NH 2 ), thiol functions (SH), azide functions (N 3 ), alcohol (hydroxyl) functions (OH), alkene functions or maleimide groups, or activated ester groups, preferably groups succinimide ester, the method of the invention comprises a step e) of pre-functionalization of a zone of the microbeam, this prefunctionalized zone then being modified by grafting of an organic molecule which will then carry the function or the group necessary for react with a group of the biological molecule.
- functions such as amino functions (NH 2 ), thiol functions (SH), azide functions (N 3 ), alcohol (hydroxyl) functions (OH), alkene functions or maleimide groups, or activated ester groups, preferably groups succinimide ester
- a first method for implementing the pre-functionalization step e) comprises the following steps: el) depositing or grafting a mask made of a material not transparent to VUV radiation, comprising an opening or an area made of a material transparent to said VUV radiation, this opening or this area having the shape of the zone of the sheet of a material fluoropolymer to functionalize, this opening or this zone being located in the part of the mask corresponding to the microbeam to be formed, and outside the zone of the microbeam on which the (the) electrode (s) is (are) embedded (s) or built-in,
- step e2 irradiation, by said VUV radiation, under an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, of the sheet obtained in step el),
- a second method for implementing the pre-functionalization step e) comprises the following steps:
- PAA acrylic acid polymer
- Step f) of functionalization of the zones prefunctionalized by the first and the second prefunctionalization method described above is then a step noted flO), of modifying the PAA polymer formed in step e4) or in step e8) with an organic molecule, comprising at its end not bound to the PAA, NH 2 , or SH, or N 3 , or OH, or alkene, or maleimide groups, or activated ester groups, preferably succinimide, by conventional chemistry, in the zone irradiated in step e6).
- this modification of the PAA is carried out by conventional chemistry; the PAA is modified by an organic molecule either by creating a amide bond, for example, between a carboxylic acid function of PAA and a primary or secondary amine function of the organic molecule, for example by the creation of an ester bond between a carboxylic acid function of PAA and an alcohol of the organic molecule.
- the organic molecule thus grafted may then have another function or a group that can be functionalized or react with a biological molecule.
- This function or this group may be an amino function NH 2 , a thiol function SH, an azide function N 3 , an alcohol function (hydroxyl), a terminal alkene function, a maleimide group, a succinimide ester-type activated group.
- Those skilled in the art will be able to modify the PAA accordingly in order to be able to functionalize it with such an organic molecule.
- the step e) of prefunctionalization comprises the following steps:
- the functionalization step f) is a step of activating the poly (aminophenylene) polymer layer formed in step el4) in a poly (diazonium phenylene) layer.
- step el 4 the following starting compounds and the following protocol may be used:
- the primer was prepared according to the protocol that was illustrated in [Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 6323-6330].
- PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- Step f1) as well as all the steps which in the rest of the text is a step of modifying a poly (aminophenylene) polymer layer into poly (diazonium phenylene), is described in patent application FR 0 857 260.
- Glucose oxidase (Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in ultrapure water (1 mg in 3 mL). 200 of this solution was deposited on the sample previously coated with a layer of poly (diazonium phenylene). The deposit was made without special precautions and at room temperature. After 10 min of reaction, the support is rinsed with ultrapure water and then subjected to washing under sonication: ultrapure water 2 min / ethanol 2 min ultrapure water 2 min.
- a fourth method and a fifth method of prefunctionalization of a zone of the microbeam may also be used when, in order to graft biomolecule A onto the microbeam, it is necessary for this zone of the microbeam to be provided with different functions of carboxylic acid functions. .
- a fourth method for implementing the prefunctionalization step e) comprises the following steps:
- el 5 depositing or grafting, on the fluoropolymer material sheet, a mask, made of a material not transparent to VUV radiation, comprising an opening or an area made of a material transparent to said VUV radiation, said opening or zone having the desired shape of the zone to be functionalized, and being located in the zone of the mask corresponding to the microbeam to be formed but different from that in which the (the) electrode (s) is (are) recessed (s) or recessed,
- step e1 el9 binding of Cu 2+ ions, by chelation, on PAA grafted in step e1), e20) growing, in the zone where the Cu ions have been fixed, a layer of a metal chosen from copper, gold, platinum or silver, by reducing the Cu 2+ ions when the layer to be formed must be made of copper, or in a metal bath, when the layer to be formed must be of a metal other than copper.
- the fifth method for implementing the prefunctionalization step e) comprises the following steps:
- step e22 irradiating, with said UV radiation, the layer formed in step e21), through a mask made of a material not transparent to said UV radiation comprising an opening or an area made of a material transparent to said UV radiation, said opening or this zone having the desired shape of the zone to be functionalized, and being located in the zone of the mask corresponding to the microbeam to be created but different from that in which the (the) electrode (s) is (are) embedded (s) or built-in,
- Stage f) of functionalization of the region of the microbeam functionalized by the fourth and fifth prefunctionalization methods depends, again, on the function that it is necessary to graft on the prefunctionalized zone so that it reacts with a reactive function of biomolecule A.
- the step f) of functionalization comprises the following steps:
- fl2 deposition of a positive type resin, sensitive to UV radiation, on the sheet comprising the metallized zone obtained in step e20) or on the sheet comprising the metallized zone obtained in step e26), fl3) irradiation of the sheet obtained in step fl2), through a mask of a material not transparent to said UV radiation, having an opening or a zone of a material transparent to said UV radiation, this opening or this zone corresponding to the metallized zone of the sheet other than F (the) electrode (s) defined in (a),
- This method of functionalization is applicable regardless of the nature of the metal layer which has been grown in step e20) or in step e26), respectively.
- a specific method of prefunctionalization of the prefunctionalized (metallized) zones, using the fourth and fifth prefunctionalization methods of the invention, when these zones are in gold, is a method which comprises the following steps:
- Biomolecule A is grafted onto the functions and reactive free end groups of the molecule bound to step f11).
- a particular functionalization method f) when the functionalized (metallized) zones obtained by the prefunctionalization methods e), according to the invention, are in a metal different from gold, is a method which comprises the following steps:
- f20 deposition of a positive type resin, sensitive to UV radiation, on the sheet comprising the metallized zone obtained in step e20) or on the sheet comprising the metallized zone obtained in step e26), f21) irradiation of the sheet obtained in step f20), through a mask made of a material not transparent to said UV radiation, comprising an opening or a zone of a material transparent to said UV radiation, this opening or this zone corresponding to the metallized zone of the sheet other than the electrode (s) defined in protocols a),
- the biomolecule A is then grafted on these functions or free reactive groups of the organic biomolecule set in step 25).
- the zone of the functionalized microbeam, the molecule at step g) of grafting of biomolecule A is a reaction step of the reactive functions of biomolecule A with the free reactive functions present on the functionalized zone of the microbeam.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1100521A FR2971851A1 (fr) | 2011-02-22 | 2011-02-22 | Procede de fabrication d'un biocapteur |
| PCT/IB2012/050664 WO2012114227A1 (fr) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-14 | Biocapteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel biocapteur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2678672A1 true EP2678672A1 (fr) | 2014-01-01 |
Family
ID=44537643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12705453.4A Withdrawn EP2678672A1 (fr) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-14 | Biocapteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel biocapteur |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9835576B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2678672A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2971851A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012114227A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10336606B2 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-07-02 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Integrated capacitive humidity sensor |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR955859A (fr) | 1950-01-20 | |||
| FR758660A (fr) | 1932-07-23 | 1934-01-22 | Procédé de fabrication de films en gélatine, colle ou autre matière analogue et produits en résultant | |
| FR857260A (fr) | 1939-03-20 | 1940-09-03 | Jeu de société | |
| FR857269A (fr) | 1939-03-22 | 1940-09-03 | Support en forme de tablette réversible formant pupitre et pouvant servir d'ardoise et recevoir un bloc-note, un agenda, un bloc à jeux, etc. | |
| GB616691A (en) | 1946-09-25 | 1949-01-25 | Carbodies Ltd | Folding hood for motor-vehicles and the like |
| US6053617A (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 2000-04-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Manufacture method for micromechanical devices |
| US6866819B1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2005-03-15 | Raytheon Company | Sensor for detecting small concentrations of a target matter |
| US20040208788A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-21 | Colton Jonathan S. | Polymer micro-cantilevers and their methods of manufacture |
| EP1756563A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-12 | 2007-02-28 | Akubio Limited | Appareil d'analyse comprenant une mosaique de capteurs et un element d'etalonnage |
| CN101371132B (zh) * | 2006-01-23 | 2013-05-01 | 德雷塞尔大学 | 自励、自感知压电悬臂梁传感器 |
| US8364419B2 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2013-01-29 | General Electric Company | Sensor system and methods for selective analyte detection using resonance sensor circuit |
| FR2910010B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-03-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'un film organique a la surface d'un support solide dans des conditions non-electrochimiques, support solide ainsi obtenu et kit de preparation |
| FR2910006B1 (fr) | 2006-12-19 | 2009-03-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'un film organique a la surface d'un support solide dans des conditions non-electrochimiques, support solide ainsi obtenu et kit de preparation |
| FR2944982B1 (fr) | 2009-04-30 | 2011-10-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'un substrat metallise,ledit substrat et ses utilisations |
-
2011
- 2011-02-22 FR FR1100521A patent/FR2971851A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-02-14 US US14/000,957 patent/US9835576B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-02-14 EP EP12705453.4A patent/EP2678672A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-14 WO PCT/IB2012/050664 patent/WO2012114227A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2012114227A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2971851A1 (fr) | 2012-08-24 |
| US20130327649A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| WO2012114227A1 (fr) | 2012-08-30 |
| US9835576B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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