EP2670536B1 - Transducteur électro-acoustique basse fréquence et procédé de génération d'ondes acoustiques - Google Patents

Transducteur électro-acoustique basse fréquence et procédé de génération d'ondes acoustiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2670536B1
EP2670536B1 EP12707834.3A EP12707834A EP2670536B1 EP 2670536 B1 EP2670536 B1 EP 2670536B1 EP 12707834 A EP12707834 A EP 12707834A EP 2670536 B1 EP2670536 B1 EP 2670536B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acoustic
cylindrical part
transducer
frequency
electroacoustic
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EP12707834.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2670536A2 (fr
Inventor
Frédéric MOSCA
Marcel VIAL
Gilles GRENINGUEY
Guillaume Matte
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iXBlue SAS
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iXBlue SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
    • B06B1/0633—Cylindrical array
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0611—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile
    • B06B1/0618—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile of piezo- and non-piezoelectric elements, e.g. 'Tonpilz'
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electro-acoustic transducer for underwater acoustic communication or else for underwater acoustic tomography. More precisely, the invention relates to a submersible electro-acoustic transducer operating in the low frequency range (less than 1 kHz) compatible with great depths of immersion (greater than 3000 m.) And having great autonomy. The invention also relates to a method for generating low frequency, wide bandwidth acoustic waves.
  • An electro-acoustic transducer is used for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic pressure waves.
  • an acoustic transducer transforms an electrical potential difference into an acoustic pressure wave, and vice versa in reception mode.
  • a transducer has a frequency bandwidth and has a so-called center frequency which corresponds to the middle of the bandwidth.
  • Underwater acoustic communications over distances greater than ten kilometers require the use of low-frequency acoustic sources (with a frequency less than 1kHz) to achieve the objectives of long range and wideband (with a bandwidth greater than 10% center frequency) and allow sufficient data rates.
  • a Janus-Helmhotz type transducer also called a double Tonpilz, is based on the use of a stack of piezoelectric components forming a piezo-acoustic motor.
  • a Janus-Helmholtz transducer comprises two piezo-acoustic motors aligned along the same axis and fixed to a central contermass, each piezo-acoustic motor being connected to a horn by a prestressing rod. The two pavilions are thus located at opposite ends on the axis of the device and symmetrical with respect to a plane transverse to the axis.
  • a Janus-Helmholtz transducer generally comprises a rigid, non-resonant cylindrical housing which defines a fluid cavity located between the internal wall of the housing and the rear faces of the horns.
  • a Janus-Helmholtz transducer makes it possible to work at lower acoustic frequencies (from 150 Hz to 20 kHz) than a Tonpilz type transducer (frequency greater than 1 kHz).
  • a Janus-Helmholtz transducer generates a longitudinal acoustic resonance mode in a direction of emission located along the axis of the transducer. In the remainder of this document, we call this resonance mode longitudinal resonance mode.
  • Janus-Helmholtz transducers have low frequency limitations ( ⁇ 1kHz). In particular, the resonant frequency being inversely proportional to the volume of the cavity, a low frequency Janus-Helmholtz transducer poses space constraints.
  • a piezo-acoustic resonator is generally placed in a waterproof protective case.
  • the outer face of the horn is in direct contact with the immersion medium or placed behind an acoustically transparent membrane.
  • the interior cavity of the housing is filled either with air or with a fluid chosen to have good acoustic impedance without loss, that is to say without impedance break with water.
  • the fluid used is generally an oil.
  • electro-acoustic transducers that include a sealed gas-filled housing, but the housing must be strong enough to withstand the pressures of immersion in the liquid, which greatly increases the weight of the transducer when the immersion depth is great.
  • electro-acoustic transducers comprising a pneumatic compensation system to compensate for the forces of the hydrostatic pressure on the housing and to increase the resistance to the external pressure in deep immersion.
  • pneumatic compensation systems are limited to immersion depths of less than 3000 m.
  • electro-acoustic transducers comprising a housing
  • it is generally sought to attenuate the transmission of acoustic waves through the housing, this transmission from the housing being the source of radiation losses in undesirable transmission or reception directions.
  • decoupling devices between the limp and the piezoelectric stack, based in particular on the use of means for absorbing or diffraction of the acoustic waves in directions transverse to the axis of the transducer.
  • a known solution consists in placing compliant tubes filled with gas in the resonant cavity. Such a transducer then has a resonant frequency of between 500 and 1000 Hz.
  • the complying tubes being subjected to the hydrostatic pressure of the immersion medium, they are crushed at high pressures, which limits the depth of immersion of the immersion medium. transducer within 1000 m.
  • the document EP 684 084 describes a Helmoltz resonator with an opening of dimensions determined so that the Helmholtz frequency of the cavity is close to the fundamental frequency of the vibrations of the mechanical assembly.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to provide an autonomous underwater acoustic communication system for emitting acoustic waves at great depth of immersion and at low frequency.
  • Another aim of the invention is to provide a method for generating low frequency acoustic waves with a wide passband.
  • the technical problem is to reduce the resonant frequency of a submersible electro-acoustic transducer of the Janus-Helmhotz type without increasing the dimensions or the weight of the transducer in order to ensure high electro-acoustic efficiency and high autonomy at great depths. immersion.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior devices and relates more particularly to a low-frequency electro-acoustic transducer submersible in an immersion fluid for underwater acoustic communication, said transducer comprising two horns, a countermass, two electro-acoustic motors, placed on either side of the countermass, said motors being aligned along an axis of symmetry, the opposite ends of said motors being respectively connected to a horn, the assembly consisting of said electro-motors acoustic, said countermass and said horns being able to generate a longitudinal electro-acoustic resonance mode.
  • said transducer comprises a rigid and hollow cylindrical part extending around said countermass, said cylindrical part having an axis coincident with the axis of symmetry of the transducer, the interior of said cylindrical part forming a suitable fluid cavity.
  • said electro-acoustic motors and said cylindrical part being dimensioned so that said fluid cavity forms an acoustic coupling between said longitudinal electro-acoustic resonance mode of said transducer and a circumferential resonance mode of said cylindrical part when said fluid cavity is filled with said immersion fluid.
  • said cylindrical part is fixed to said countermass by suspension means capable of acoustically decoupling said cylindrical part from said countermass.
  • said cylindrical part is made of a metallic material or of a composite material capable of producing an acoustic vibration mode of the circumferential type.
  • said transducer is able to provide an acoustic emission source with an acoustic frequency less than 10000 Hz and having a passband width greater than 10% of the central acoustic frequency.
  • said transducer is able to provide an acoustic emission source with an acoustic frequency less than 1000 Hz and having a passband width greater than 10% of the central acoustic frequency.
  • the invention will find a particularly advantageous application in underwater acoustic communication systems.
  • Another application of the transducer of the invention relates to underwater acoustic tomography.
  • the present invention also relates to the characteristics which will emerge during the description which follows and which must be considered in isolation or in all their technically possible combinations.
  • the transducer of the figure 1 is an electro-acoustic transducer allowing underwater acoustic communication by resonant coupling between a piezoelectric stack and a cylindrical part of annular section of axis coincident with the piezoelectric stack.
  • the cylindrical part has circumferential resonance, this resonance mode also being called the breathing mode.
  • the figure 1 schematically shows a sectional view of a transducer comprising two piezoelectric motors (1a, 1b) aligned along a longitudinal axis (6).
  • the piezo-electric motors are fixed on either side of a central countermass (4).
  • the opposite ends of the two motors (1a, 1b) are respectively fixed to a flag (3a, 3b).
  • the assembly made up of the piezoelectric motors (1a, 1b), the countermass (4) and the pavilions (3a, 3b) is kept prestressed by so-called prestressing rods, which can be either outside or inside the pillar. axial.
  • the transducer further comprises a cylindrical part (5), preferably of annular section, hollow and coaxial with the longitudinal axis (6).
  • the cylindrical part (5) is arranged around the countermass (4) and preferably centered on the plane of symmetry of the transducer.
  • the length of the cylindrical part (5) is less than the total length of the piezoelectric stacks and of the countermass, or even less than the distance separating the two horns (3a, 3b).
  • the outside diameter of the cylindrical part (5) is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the horns.
  • the thickness of the cylindrical part is typically of the order of a centimeter.
  • the walls of the cylindrical part are preferably solid, the cylindrical part (5) having two openings at its two opposite ends.
  • the dimensions of the hollow cylindrical part (5) are such that it defines a fluid internal cavity (7).
  • the fluid cavity (7) is open to the outside through the openings located at its two ends so that when the transducer is submerged the volume of the cavity (7) is filled with the immersion fluid (8), for example sea water.
  • the components of the transducer are permanently in equal pressure with respect to the hydrostatic pressure of the immersion medium, regardless of the immersion depth.
  • the structure of the transducer allows it to withstand high hydrostatic pressures associated with great depths of immersion, without requiring a pneumatic compensation system.
  • the physical parameters of the cylindrical part (5) are determined so that it is able to generate a circumferential acoustic resonance mode.
  • F r represents the resonant frequency
  • S r the radial flexibility
  • p the density of the material
  • the application of this formula typically gives, for an aluminum disc 1m in diameter, a resonant frequency close to 1500Hz.
  • the excitation of the circumferential resonance mode of the cylindrical part (5) is effected by the electrical excitation of a piezoelectric resonator (1a, 1b) via an acoustic coupling of the fluid cavity (7 ).
  • the electro-acoustic transducer constitutes a source of low-frequency ( ⁇ 1000Hz) broadband acoustic emission based on the coupling of two resonators.
  • the first resonator is the piezoelectric resonator of the mass-spring type, the fundamental mode of which is longitudinal, called expansion-compression.
  • the second resonator is a resonator formed from the cylindrical part (5) having a circumferential or radial resonance mode.
  • the longitudinal resonance mode and the circumferential resonance mode are coupled via the fluid cavity (7) made of seawater from the surrounding environment.
  • the coupling is carried out via the fluid cavity (7) contained within the cylindrical part (5).
  • the longitudinal resonance mode of the piezoelectric stack is dimensioned to be close in frequency to the circumferential mode of the annular part in order to allow efficient coupling between the two resonances.
  • the radial part can be metallic or made of a composite material (such as carbon fiber / epoxy) and is kept integral with the piezoelectric stack by the central countermass.
  • the radial piece is connected to the central countermass by suspension means forming an acoustic decoupler.
  • the suspension means are produced by suspension blocks (or silence block), for example in the form of rubber washers.
  • the suspension means are not shown on the figure 1 , in order to illustrate the acoustic decoupling between the countermass (4) and the cylindrical part (5).
  • the suspension means are not waterproof and do not obstruct the open fluid cavity.
  • the mechanical structure of the transducer allows it to be used at great depths of immersion (greater than 3000 m).
  • the transducer has no internal fluid part filled with air or oil.
  • the transducer of the invention thus exhibits great robustness.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP12707834.3A 2011-02-01 2012-01-31 Transducteur électro-acoustique basse fréquence et procédé de génération d'ondes acoustiques Active EP2670536B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1150771A FR2971112B1 (fr) 2011-02-01 2011-02-01 Transducteur electro-acoustique basse frequence et procede de generation d'ondes acoustiques.
PCT/FR2012/050212 WO2012104549A2 (fr) 2011-02-01 2012-01-31 Transducteur electro-acoustique basse frequence et procede de generation d'ondes acoustiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2670536A2 EP2670536A2 (fr) 2013-12-11
EP2670536B1 true EP2670536B1 (fr) 2021-07-28

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EP12707834.3A Active EP2670536B1 (fr) 2011-02-01 2012-01-31 Transducteur électro-acoustique basse fréquence et procédé de génération d'ondes acoustiques

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9387514B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2670536B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5852138B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN103492090B (zh)
FR (1) FR2971112B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2012104549A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (9)

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CN103400574B (zh) * 2013-07-26 2016-01-20 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 一种收发共用型宽带拼镶圆环换能器及其制备方法
CN104289410B (zh) * 2014-09-16 2016-09-14 张家港市玉同电子科技有限公司 压电陶瓷振动器
CN105436145A (zh) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-30 陕西师范大学 基于双向超声波辐射复合换能器的双槽超声波清洗器
GB2557345B (en) * 2016-12-08 2021-10-13 Bae Systems Plc MIMO communication system and data link
CN107274877B (zh) * 2017-06-06 2020-11-03 哈尔滨工程大学 一种倒相式深海弯张水声换能器
CN110010113B (zh) * 2019-04-04 2023-12-08 哈尔滨工程大学 径向辐射的杰纳斯-亥姆霍兹水声换能器
US11424839B2 (en) 2019-05-20 2022-08-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methods and apparatus for acoustic backscatter communication
CN114423530B (zh) * 2019-09-23 2023-08-29 富士胶片索诺声公司 高频超声波用膜式水听器及其制造方法
CN116532349B (zh) * 2023-06-07 2024-01-30 中国科学院声学研究所 复合驱动的亥姆赫兹换能器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0684084A1 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-29 ETAT FRANCAIS Représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement Procédé et transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à larges bandes et basses fréquences en profondeur d'immersion illimitée
US20070080609A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2007-04-12 Cleaning Technology Group Llc Low loss ultrasound transducers

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2665998B1 (fr) * 1988-05-05 1993-10-29 Etat Francais Delegue Armement Procedes et transducteurs electro-acoustiques pour emettre des ondes acoustiques a basse frequence dans un liquide.
FR2713429B1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1996-02-09 France Etat Armement Procédé d'émission de forte puissance d'ondes acoustiques et pavillons de transducteurs correspondants.
FR2731129B1 (fr) * 1995-02-23 1997-04-11 France Etat Procede et dispositif pour diminuer la frequence de resonance des cavites des transducteurs immergeables
CN100537019C (zh) * 2005-03-23 2009-09-09 深圳职业技术学院 超声液体处理换能方法和装置
FR2940579B1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2012-09-28 Ixsea Transducteur d'ondes acoustiques et antenne sonar de directivite amelioree.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0684084A1 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-29 ETAT FRANCAIS Représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement Procédé et transducteur pour émettre des ondes acoustiques à larges bandes et basses fréquences en profondeur d'immersion illimitée
US20070080609A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2007-04-12 Cleaning Technology Group Llc Low loss ultrasound transducers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130315037A1 (en) 2013-11-28
WO2012104549A2 (fr) 2012-08-09
FR2971112B1 (fr) 2014-01-03
JP5852138B2 (ja) 2016-02-03
FR2971112A1 (fr) 2012-08-03
US9387514B2 (en) 2016-07-12
EP2670536A2 (fr) 2013-12-11
JP2014508461A (ja) 2014-04-03
CN103492090A (zh) 2014-01-01
WO2012104549A3 (fr) 2013-01-24
CN103492090B (zh) 2016-06-01

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