EP2663825A2 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger

Info

Publication number
EP2663825A2
EP2663825A2 EP11805624.1A EP11805624A EP2663825A2 EP 2663825 A2 EP2663825 A2 EP 2663825A2 EP 11805624 A EP11805624 A EP 11805624A EP 2663825 A2 EP2663825 A2 EP 2663825A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbulator
tube
heat exchange
tubular
windings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11805624.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2663825B1 (en
Inventor
Milind Vishwanath Rane
Vidyapati Tiwari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Original Assignee
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Indian Institute of Technology Bombay filed Critical Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Publication of EP2663825A2 publication Critical patent/EP2663825A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2663825B1 publication Critical patent/EP2663825B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/405—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element and being formed of wires

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat exchanger.
  • the invention also relates to a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids.
  • Heat transfer between two fluids of differential temperatures flowing internally and externally of a tube and mass transfer or flow velocity will depend upon various factors like heat transfer coefficient inside and outside the tube, surface area or surface density of contact of the fluids and the tube, thermal conductivity of the tube, wall thickness of the tube, temperatures of the fluids, amount of mixing of the fluids and pressure drop across fluid flow.
  • Various devices and arrangements are known and reported to be used for increasing heat and mass transfer efficiency of heat exchangers.
  • US2553142 describes a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger fin strip having a narrow offset flange along the full length of one longitudinal edge thereof.
  • the strip is slit transversely inwardly at closely spaced apart points along its opposite edge to form parallel rows of staggered and spaced fin elements so as to improve heat transfer contact area between the fluids.
  • the method is complex, complicated and requires precise manufacturing operations to make the flexible fin strip.
  • the fluids passing between the fins must be clean and clear as otherwise solid particles in the fluids will get deposited in the gaps between the fins and obstruct the flow of the fluids. Additional bonding operation is also required to fix the finned flexible strip on the tube surface.
  • US 4258782 describes a heat exchange device comprising a liquid flow tube with an inner cylinder located interiorly and a turbulator arranged generally helically around the inner cylinder with edgewise adjacent fins in the form of separate tongues.
  • Each fin is at an angle of about 100-1 10° from the inner cylinder and adjacent edges of adjacent fins describe a divergent V from the inner cylinder toward the tube so as to describe channels between adjacent fins for directing the liquid outwardly towards the tube.
  • the fins have increased surface area across the fluid flow as a result of which blockage to fluid flow and pressure drop are high and heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchange device are reduced. Because of the specific angle of the fms, manufacturing of the turbulator is also complex and complicated.
  • US 4336838 describes a turbulator for heat exchange tubes made of two metal strips.
  • Each metal, strip is formed into a plurality of turbulence nodules which are preferably V-shaped and alternatively extending in two different directions.
  • the two metals strips are connected to each other at the places of joinder of the turbulence nodules providing an end view of generally X- shaped configuration.
  • V-shaped edges of the turbulator provide limited surface area of contact and surface density between the nodules and the heat exchange tubes.
  • heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tubes is reduced.
  • the turbulator requires additional bonding operation to join two separate metal strips.
  • the sharp edges of the nodules are prone to corrosion and in case of corrosion the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tubes will be further reduced. Due to corrosion the turbulator also may get damaged and require replacement.
  • US 4546797 relates to a one-piece turbulator comprising a rectangular frame with two laterally spaced parallel bars having corresponding ends interconnected by end cross bars and cross pieces in the frame.
  • the cross pieces have a portion extending between the parallel bars and a further portion projecting perpendicular to a plane defined by the axes of the parallel bars.
  • the surface area of contact or surface density between the turbulator and a heat exchange tube is limited. Therefore, heat transfer efficiency of the turbulator is reduced. Manufacturing of the turbulator is also complex and complicated. -
  • US 4705106 relates to a wire brush heat exchange insert composed of a ceramic material having a high absorptance and emittance.
  • the bristles of the wire brush provide reduced surface area of contact or surface density between a heat exchange tube and the brush heat exchange insert thereby reducing the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • US 4798241 relates to a turbulator for use in heat exchangers.
  • An elongated tube is provided with a first twisted outer wire winding within the tube in substantial abutment with the inner wall of the tube and a second twisted inner wire winding atleast partially within the first winding.
  • the pitches of the twisted wire windings are different.
  • the surface density between the windings and the tube is reduced and as a result the heat transfer efficiency of the turbulator is reduced. Manufacturing of the turbulator is also complicated and complex.
  • US 5167275 relates to a turbulator comprising a tubular center core and a spiral wrap about the core. Because of the solid turbular center core, pressure drop within the heat exchange tube in which the turbulator is located is high. As a result, the mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tube is reduced. Because of the solid turbulator center core, the turbulator cannot be used in a flexible tube configuration or in any other heat exchange configuration where tube bending is required. Also making of the spiral wrap is complex and complicated.
  • US 5497824 describes a compound turbulator including a twisted strip surrounded by a helical coil that is closely spaced from the walls of a heat exchange tube.
  • the helical coil provides limited surface area of contact against the heat exchange tube. Due to the compound turbulator, the pressure drop within the heat exchange is also high. As a result, both heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tube are reduced.
  • the helical coil surrounding the twisted strip also does not provide rigidity to the turbulator at the periphery thereof, especially if the helical coil is made of ductile material like copper.
  • US 5738169 relates to a heat exchanger including atleast one row of flattened tubes. A serpentine fin is supported between adjacent tubes.
  • the fin defines a plurality of louvers therein, each louver forming an elongated slit.
  • a corrugated edge is formed upon one or more of the louvers for creating turbulence in the fluid. Manufacturing of this kind of heat exchanger is complex and complicated. Manufacturing of the serpentine fin is also complicated and complex.
  • US 61 19769 relates to a heat exchanging device comprising a fluid flow tube having a turbulator which includes a plurality of coil sections.
  • Each of the coil sections includes a number of coil members of uniform diameter.
  • the coil sections are spaced apart by a predetermined number of other coil members having similar diameters and different heights than the coil members in the coil sections.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which provides increased surface area of contact or surface density between a heat exchange tube and the turbulator so as to improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which is light weight, compact and structurally flexible and mechanically strong.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular tubulator which can be used in inside and/or outside of a heat exchange tube and which is self locating.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which produces a high level of turbulence and mixing so as to improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which eliminates solid core and provides reduced blockage in the path of flow of a heat exchange fluid so as to reduce pressure drop and increase heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids, which turbulator provides increased surface area of contact or surface density between the fluids so as to improve the mass transfer efficiency thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids, which turbulator produces a high level of turbulance and mixing so as to improve the mass transfer efficiency thereof.
  • a heat exchanger comprising atleast one heat exchange tube disposed for heat transfer between two fluids of differential temperatures, one fluid flowing through the heat exchange tube and the other fluid flowing over the heat exchange tube and atleast one tubular turbulator for heat transfer between the two fluids located in contact with the heat exchange tube along the length of the heat exchange tube, the turbulator comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
  • the heat exchanger comprises one heat exchange tube and one tubular turbulator located over the heat exchange tube.
  • the heat exchanger comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and one turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes.
  • the heat exchanger comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and two tubular turbulators, one located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes and the other tubular turbuiator located within the inner tube against the inner side wall thereof.
  • the heat exchanger comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely an inner tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube in spaced apart relationship with one another and two tubular turbulators, one turbuiator disposed over the inner tube in the space between the inner and intermediate tubes in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes and the other turbuiator disposed over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes.
  • the heat exchanger comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes namely an inner tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube in spaced apart relationship with one another and four tubular turbulators, one turbuiator located within the inner tube against inner side wall of the inner tube, another turbuiator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner tube and intermediate tube in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes, another turbuiator member located over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes and another turbuiator located over the outer tube in contact therewith.
  • a multi stream heat exchanger comprising two heat exchangers fixed to opposite sides of a common heat exchange tube, each of the heat exchangers comprising two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and two tubular turbulators for heat transfer, one tubular turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes along the length thereof and the other tubular turbulator located within the inner tube , against the inner sidewall thereof along the length thereof, each of the tubular turbulators comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
  • a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally non-conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a non-conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
  • a tubular turbulator for heat transfer between two fluids comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
  • Fig 1 is a partial crossectional view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig 2 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 1 ;
  • Fig 3 is an isometric view of the tubular turbulator of the heat exchanger of Figs 1 and 2;
  • Fig 4 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig 5 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 4;
  • Fig 6 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig 7 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 6;
  • Fig 8 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig 9 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 8.
  • Fig 10 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig 1 1 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 10; and Fig 12 is a crossectional view of a multi stream heat exchanger two heat exchangers according to another embodiment of the invention;
  • the heat exchanger 1 as illustrated in Figs 1 , 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings comprises a heat exchange tube 2 and a tubular turbulator 3 located over the heat exchange tube in contact therewith along the length thereof.
  • the turbulator comprises a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings 4 of thermally conducting material wire arranged along the thereof. The windings are of uniform diameter and are held together at close pitch distance by tying with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire 5 running though the helical structure.
  • One heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the tube 2 and another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow over the tube 2.
  • the heat exchanger 7 as illustrated in Figs 4 and 5 of accompanying drawings comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 8 and outer tube 9 in spaced apart relationship with each other. It also comprises a tubular turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner tube and outer tube in contact with the inner and outer tubes along the length thereof.
  • One heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube and another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes.
  • the heat exchanger 10 as illustrated in Figs 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 1 1 and an outer tube 12 in spaced apart relationship with each other. It also comprises one tubular turbulator located within the inner tube against the inner sidewall thereof along the length thereof and another tubular turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes in contact with the inner and outer tubes along the length thereof.
  • One heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube and another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes.
  • the heat exchanger 13 as illustrated in Figs 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 14, an intermediate tube 15 and an outer tube 16 in spaced apart relationship with one another. It also comprises one tubular turbulator disposed over the inner tube in the space between the inner tube and intermediate tube in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes along the length thereof and another tubular turbulator located over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes along the length thereof.
  • a heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through , the inner tube.
  • Another heat exchanger fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and intermediate tubes.
  • Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the intermediate and outer tubes.
  • the heat exchanger 17 as illustrated in Figs 10 and 1 1 of the accompanying drawings comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 18, an intermediate tube 19 and outer tube 20 in spaced apart relationship with one another. It also comprises a tubular turbulator disposed within the inner tube against the inner sidewall thereof along the length thereof, another tubular turbulator disposed over the inner tube in the space between the inner and intermediate tubes in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes, another tubular turbulator located over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate and outer tubes in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes along the length thereof and another tubular turbulator located over the outer tube in contact therewith along the length thereof.
  • a heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube.
  • heat exchanger 22a and 22b fixed to the opposite sides of a common heat exchanger tube 23.
  • Each of the heat exchangers comprises two concentric heat exchanger tubes 24 and 25, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other.
  • One tubular turbulator 3 is located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes of heat exchanger 22a or 22b along the length thereof.
  • Another tubular turbulator is located within the inner tube against the inner sidewall of heat exchanger 22a or 22b along the length thereof.
  • a heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube of heat exchanger 22a.
  • Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes of heat exchanger 22a.
  • Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) may be allowed to flow over the outer tube of heat exchanger 22a.
  • Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube of heat exchanger 22b.
  • Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes of heat exchange 22b.
  • Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) may be allowed to flow over the outer heat exchange tube of heat exchanger 22b.
  • Another heat exchange fluid may be allowed to flow through the common heat exchange tube 23.
  • Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) may be allowed to flow over the heat exchange tube 23.
  • the heat exchange fluids flowing through the various heat exchangers and heat exchange tubes as illustrated and described above are of differential temperatures.
  • the open wiry structure of the tubular turbulator(s) and the uniformity of the windings of the structure and also the close pitch distance between the windings of the structure provide increased surface area of contact or surface density between the heat exchange tube(s) and tubular turbulator (s).
  • the open wiry structure of the tubular turbulator(s) also considerably reduces the blockage in the flow path of the heat exchange fluids so as to reduce pressure drop and improve heat and mass transfer efficiency.
  • the open wiry structure of the tubular turbulator(s) also creates high level of turbulence and mixing of the heat exchange fluids so as to further improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.
  • the close pitch distance between the windings and holding of the windings together with the holding wire give structural stability and mechanical strength and at the same time resilience to the tubular turbulator(s).
  • the turbulator is compact and light weight and simple in construction. Further, it can be located inside or outside a heat exchange tube.
  • the tubular turbulator of Fig 3 comprising windings made of non- conducting material wire and held together with non-conducting springy material holding wire can be disposed in the flow path of two fluids to achieve excellent mass transfer between the two fluids.
  • the turbulator provides increased surface area of contact or surface density between the fluids to give increased mass and heat transfer between the fluids.
  • Such a turbulator is also light weight, compact and structurally resilient and mechanically strong and produces high level of turbulence and mixing so as to improve the mass transfer efficiency. It provides reduced blockage in the flow path of the fluids so as to reduce pressure drop and further increase the mass transfer efficiency. It can be also easily located against a tube surface.
  • the pitch distance between two adjacent windings of the tubular turbulator depends on the space in which the turbulator is located and is generally equal to the wire diameter to 30mm and preferably 3 to 10 mm.
  • the winding wire is selected from thermally conducting material like copper, aluminium, phosphor bronze, steel, carbon steel or stainless steel or thermally conducting alloys of copper, aluminium or iron and the holding wire is selected from thermally conducting springy material like phosphor bronze, steel or stainless steel.
  • both the winding wire and holding wire are selected from non-conducting material like plastics, nylon, poly propylene or poly ethylene.
  • each of the heat exchangers comprises one heat exchange tube and one tubular turbulator located inside the heat exchange tube in contact with the heat exchange tube.
  • the common heat exchange tube may be of geometries like circular, oval, hexagonal or octagonal and may also comprise the tubular turbulator located internally in contact therewith.
  • the windings need not be of uniform diameter. Embodiments comprising such variations of the invention are obvious to those skilled in the art and are to be construed and understood to be within the scope of the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Heat exchanger. The heat exchanger (1) comprises atleast one heat exchange tube (2) disposed for heat transfer between two fluids of differential temperatures. One fluid flows through the heat exchange tube and the other fluid flows over the heat exchange tube. The heat exchanger further comprises atleast one tubular turbulator (3) for heat transfer between the two fluids located in contact with the heat exchange tube along the length of the heat exchange tube. The turbulator comprises a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings (4) of a thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof. The windings have uniform diameter and are held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire (5) running through the helical structure (Fig 2).

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Heat exchanger
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a heat exchanger.
The invention also relates to a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Heat transfer between two fluids of differential temperatures flowing internally and externally of a tube and mass transfer or flow velocity will depend upon various factors like heat transfer coefficient inside and outside the tube, surface area or surface density of contact of the fluids and the tube, thermal conductivity of the tube, wall thickness of the tube, temperatures of the fluids, amount of mixing of the fluids and pressure drop across fluid flow. Various devices and arrangements are known and reported to be used for increasing heat and mass transfer efficiency of heat exchangers.
US2553142 describes a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger fin strip having a narrow offset flange along the full length of one longitudinal edge thereof. The strip is slit transversely inwardly at closely spaced apart points along its opposite edge to form parallel rows of staggered and spaced fin elements so as to improve heat transfer contact area between the fluids. The method is complex, complicated and requires precise manufacturing operations to make the flexible fin strip. The fluids passing between the fins must be clean and clear as otherwise solid particles in the fluids will get deposited in the gaps between the fins and obstruct the flow of the fluids. Additional bonding operation is also required to fix the finned flexible strip on the tube surface. US 4258782 describes a heat exchange device comprising a liquid flow tube with an inner cylinder located interiorly and a turbulator arranged generally helically around the inner cylinder with edgewise adjacent fins in the form of separate tongues. Each fin is at an angle of about 100-1 10° from the inner cylinder and adjacent edges of adjacent fins describe a divergent V from the inner cylinder toward the tube so as to describe channels between adjacent fins for directing the liquid outwardly towards the tube. The fins have increased surface area across the fluid flow as a result of which blockage to fluid flow and pressure drop are high and heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchange device are reduced. Because of the specific angle of the fms, manufacturing of the turbulator is also complex and complicated.
US 4336838 describes a turbulator for heat exchange tubes made of two metal strips. Each metal, strip is formed into a plurality of turbulence nodules which are preferably V-shaped and alternatively extending in two different directions. The two metals strips are connected to each other at the places of joinder of the turbulence nodules providing an end view of generally X- shaped configuration. V-shaped edges of the turbulator provide limited surface area of contact and surface density between the nodules and the heat exchange tubes. As a result, heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tubes is reduced. Besides, the turbulator requires additional bonding operation to join two separate metal strips. Also the sharp edges of the nodules are prone to corrosion and in case of corrosion the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tubes will be further reduced. Due to corrosion the turbulator also may get damaged and require replacement.
US 4546797 relates to a one-piece turbulator comprising a rectangular frame with two laterally spaced parallel bars having corresponding ends interconnected by end cross bars and cross pieces in the frame. The cross pieces have a portion extending between the parallel bars and a further portion projecting perpendicular to a plane defined by the axes of the parallel bars. The surface area of contact or surface density between the turbulator and a heat exchange tube is limited. Therefore, heat transfer efficiency of the turbulator is reduced. Manufacturing of the turbulator is also complex and complicated. -
US 4705106 relates to a wire brush heat exchange insert composed of a ceramic material having a high absorptance and emittance. The bristles of the wire brush provide reduced surface area of contact or surface density between a heat exchange tube and the brush heat exchange insert thereby reducing the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
US 4798241 relates to a turbulator for use in heat exchangers. An elongated tube is provided with a first twisted outer wire winding within the tube in substantial abutment with the inner wall of the tube and a second twisted inner wire winding atleast partially within the first winding. The pitches of the twisted wire windings are different. The surface density between the windings and the tube is reduced and as a result the heat transfer efficiency of the turbulator is reduced. Manufacturing of the turbulator is also complicated and complex.
US 5167275 relates to a turbulator comprising a tubular center core and a spiral wrap about the core. Because of the solid turbular center core, pressure drop within the heat exchange tube in which the turbulator is located is high. As a result, the mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tube is reduced. Because of the solid turbulator center core, the turbulator cannot be used in a flexible tube configuration or in any other heat exchange configuration where tube bending is required. Also making of the spiral wrap is complex and complicated.
US 5497824 describes a compound turbulator including a twisted strip surrounded by a helical coil that is closely spaced from the walls of a heat exchange tube. The helical coil provides limited surface area of contact against the heat exchange tube. Due to the compound turbulator, the pressure drop within the heat exchange is also high. As a result, both heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tube are reduced. The helical coil surrounding the twisted strip also does not provide rigidity to the turbulator at the periphery thereof, especially if the helical coil is made of ductile material like copper. US 5738169 relates to a heat exchanger including atleast one row of flattened tubes. A serpentine fin is supported between adjacent tubes. The fin defines a plurality of louvers therein, each louver forming an elongated slit. A corrugated edge is formed upon one or more of the louvers for creating turbulence in the fluid. Manufacturing of this kind of heat exchanger is complex and complicated. Manufacturing of the serpentine fin is also complicated and complex.
US 61 19769 relates to a heat exchanging device comprising a fluid flow tube having a turbulator which includes a plurality of coil sections. Each of the coil sections includes a number of coil members of uniform diameter. The coil sections are spaced apart by a predetermined number of other coil members having similar diameters and different heights than the coil members in the coil sections. Because of the solid construction and configuration of the turbulator, blockage of fluid flow in the tube is high and pressure drop is high. Surface area of contact or surface density between the turbulator and the heat exchange tube is limited. As a result of all this heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tube is reduced. Also making of the turbulator involves precise and complex manufacturing operations.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which provides increased surface area of contact or surface density between a heat exchange tube and the turbulator so as to improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger. Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which is light weight, compact and structurally flexible and mechanically strong.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular tubulator which can be used in inside and/or outside of a heat exchange tube and which is self locating.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which produces a high level of turbulence and mixing so as to improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger comprising a tubular turbulator which eliminates solid core and provides reduced blockage in the path of flow of a heat exchange fluid so as to reduce pressure drop and increase heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger.
Another object of the invention is to provide a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids, which turbulator provides increased surface area of contact or surface density between the fluids so as to improve the mass transfer efficiency thereof. Another object of the invention is to provide a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids, which turbulator produces a high level of turbulance and mixing so as to improve the mass transfer efficiency thereof.
Another object of the invention is to provide a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids, which turbulator is light weight, compact and structurally flexible and mechanically strong and self locating. Another object of the invention is to provide a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids, which turbulator provides reduced blockage in the flow path of the fluids so as to reduce pressure drop and increase mass transfer efficiency thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there is provided a heat exchanger comprising atleast one heat exchange tube disposed for heat transfer between two fluids of differential temperatures, one fluid flowing through the heat exchange tube and the other fluid flowing over the heat exchange tube and atleast one tubular turbulator for heat transfer between the two fluids located in contact with the heat exchange tube along the length of the heat exchange tube, the turbulator comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises one heat exchange tube and one tubular turbulator located over the heat exchange tube.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and one turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes. According to another embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and two tubular turbulators, one located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes and the other tubular turbuiator located within the inner tube against the inner side wall thereof.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely an inner tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube in spaced apart relationship with one another and two tubular turbulators, one turbuiator disposed over the inner tube in the space between the inner and intermediate tubes in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes and the other turbuiator disposed over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes namely an inner tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube in spaced apart relationship with one another and four tubular turbulators, one turbuiator located within the inner tube against inner side wall of the inner tube, another turbuiator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner tube and intermediate tube in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes, another turbuiator member located over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes and another turbuiator located over the outer tube in contact therewith.
According to the invention there is also provided a multi stream heat exchanger comprising two heat exchangers fixed to opposite sides of a common heat exchange tube, each of the heat exchangers comprising two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and two tubular turbulators for heat transfer, one tubular turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes along the length thereof and the other tubular turbulator located within the inner tube , against the inner sidewall thereof along the length thereof, each of the tubular turbulators comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
According to the invention there is also provided a tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids and comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally non-conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a non-conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure. According to the invention there is also provided a tubular turbulator for heat transfer between two fluids and comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
The following is a detailed description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig 1 is a partial crossectional view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig 2 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 1 ;
Fig 3 is an isometric view of the tubular turbulator of the heat exchanger of Figs 1 and 2; Fig 4 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention;
Fig 5 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 4; Fig 6 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention;
Fig 7 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 6; Fig 8 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention;
Fig 9 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 8. Fig 10 is a partial crossectional view of the heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention;
Fig 1 1 is an end view of the heat exchanger of Fig 10; and Fig 12 is a crossectional view of a multi stream heat exchanger two heat exchangers according to another embodiment of the invention; The heat exchanger 1 as illustrated in Figs 1 , 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings comprises a heat exchange tube 2 and a tubular turbulator 3 located over the heat exchange tube in contact therewith along the length thereof. The turbulator comprises a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings 4 of thermally conducting material wire arranged along the thereof. The windings are of uniform diameter and are held together at close pitch distance by tying with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire 5 running though the helical structure. One heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the tube 2 and another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow over the tube 2.
The heat exchanger 7 as illustrated in Figs 4 and 5 of accompanying drawings comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 8 and outer tube 9 in spaced apart relationship with each other. It also comprises a tubular turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner tube and outer tube in contact with the inner and outer tubes along the length thereof. One heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube and another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes.
The heat exchanger 10 as illustrated in Figs 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 1 1 and an outer tube 12 in spaced apart relationship with each other. It also comprises one tubular turbulator located within the inner tube against the inner sidewall thereof along the length thereof and another tubular turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes in contact with the inner and outer tubes along the length thereof. One heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube and another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes. The heat exchanger 13 as illustrated in Figs 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 14, an intermediate tube 15 and an outer tube 16 in spaced apart relationship with one another. It also comprises one tubular turbulator disposed over the inner tube in the space between the inner tube and intermediate tube in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes along the length thereof and another tubular turbulator located over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes along the length thereof. A heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through , the inner tube. Another heat exchanger fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and intermediate tubes. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the intermediate and outer tubes.
The heat exchanger 17 as illustrated in Figs 10 and 1 1 of the accompanying drawings comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube 18, an intermediate tube 19 and outer tube 20 in spaced apart relationship with one another. It also comprises a tubular turbulator disposed within the inner tube against the inner sidewall thereof along the length thereof, another tubular turbulator disposed over the inner tube in the space between the inner and intermediate tubes in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes, another tubular turbulator located over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate and outer tubes in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes along the length thereof and another tubular turbulator located over the outer tube in contact therewith along the length thereof. A heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and intermediate tubes. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the intermediate and outer tubes and another heat exchanger fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow over the outer tube. heat exchangers 22a and 22b fixed to the opposite sides of a common heat exchanger tube 23. Each of the heat exchangers comprises two concentric heat exchanger tubes 24 and 25, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other. One tubular turbulator 3 is located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes of heat exchanger 22a or 22b along the length thereof. Another tubular turbulator is located within the inner tube against the inner sidewall of heat exchanger 22a or 22b along the length thereof. A heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube of heat exchanger 22a. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes of heat exchanger 22a. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) may be allowed to flow over the outer tube of heat exchanger 22a. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the inner tube of heat exchanger 22b. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) is allowed to flow through the space between the inner and outer tubes of heat exchange 22b. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) may be allowed to flow over the outer heat exchange tube of heat exchanger 22b. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) may be allowed to flow through the common heat exchange tube 23. Another heat exchange fluid (not shown) may be allowed to flow over the heat exchange tube 23. Thus several fluids can be made to exchange the heat in the multi stream heat exchanger of Fig 12. The heat exchange fluids flowing through the various heat exchangers and heat exchange tubes as illustrated and described above are of differential temperatures. During working of the heat exchangers, the open wiry structure of the tubular turbulator(s) and the uniformity of the windings of the structure and also the close pitch distance between the windings of the structure provide increased surface area of contact or surface density between the heat exchange tube(s) and tubular turbulator (s). The open wiry structure of the tubular turbulator(s) also considerably reduces the blockage in the flow path of the heat exchange fluids so as to reduce pressure drop and improve heat and mass transfer efficiency. The open wiry structure of the tubular turbulator(s) also creates high level of turbulence and mixing of the heat exchange fluids so as to further improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency. The close pitch distance between the windings and holding of the windings together with the holding wire give structural stability and mechanical strength and at the same time resilience to the tubular turbulator(s). The turbulator is compact and light weight and simple in construction. Further, it can be located inside or outside a heat exchange tube. It also eliminates the solid core and is ideal for coiled or serpentine and bent configurations of heat exchangers because of its flexibility'. It can be located against a heat exchange tube surface without using any bonding adhesive substance or fixing means because of its flexible and open structured construction.
The tubular turbulator of Fig 3 comprising windings made of non- conducting material wire and held together with non-conducting springy material holding wire can be disposed in the flow path of two fluids to achieve excellent mass transfer between the two fluids. The turbulator provides increased surface area of contact or surface density between the fluids to give increased mass and heat transfer between the fluids. Such a turbulator is also light weight, compact and structurally resilient and mechanically strong and produces high level of turbulence and mixing so as to improve the mass transfer efficiency. It provides reduced blockage in the flow path of the fluids so as to reduce pressure drop and further increase the mass transfer efficiency. It can be also easily located against a tube surface.
The pitch distance between two adjacent windings of the tubular turbulator depends on the space in which the turbulator is located and is generally equal to the wire diameter to 30mm and preferably 3 to 10 mm. In the case of a turbulator for heat and mass transfer, the winding wire is selected from thermally conducting material like copper, aluminium, phosphor bronze, steel, carbon steel or stainless steel or thermally conducting alloys of copper, aluminium or iron and the holding wire is selected from thermally conducting springy material like phosphor bronze, steel or stainless steel. In the case of a turbulator for mass transfer, both the winding wire and holding wire are selected from non-conducting material like plastics, nylon, poly propylene or poly ethylene.
The above embodiments are by way of examples of the invention. There can be embodiments of the invention comprising more number of heat exchange tubes and tubular turbulators than those illustrated in the drawings. There can also be more number of heat exchangers as an array or configuration. Instead of one common heat exchange, there can be two or more common heat exchange tubes concentrically in spaced apart relationship with one another. In the case of the multi stream heat exchanger there can be variations wherein each of the heat exchangers comprises one heat exchange tube and one tubular turbulator located inside the heat exchange tube in contact with the heat exchange tube. The common heat exchange tube may be of geometries like circular, oval, hexagonal or octagonal and may also comprise the tubular turbulator located internally in contact therewith. The windings need not be of uniform diameter. Embodiments comprising such variations of the invention are obvious to those skilled in the art and are to be construed and understood to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger comprising atleast one heat exchange tube disposed for heat transfer between two fluids of differential temperatures, one fluid flowing through the heat exchange tube and the other fluid flowing over the heat exchange tube and atleast one tubular turbulator for heat transfer between the two fluids located in contact with the heat exchange tube along the length of the heat exchange tube, the turbulator comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , which comprises one heat exchange tube and one tubular turbulator located over the heat exchange tube. 3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , which comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and one tubulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes. 4. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, which comprises two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and two tubular turbulators, one located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes and the other tubular turbulator located within the inner tube against the inner side wall thereof.
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , which comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube in spaced apart relationship with one another and two tubular turbulators, one turbulator disposed over the inner tube in the space between the inner and intermediate tubes in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes and the other turbulator disposed over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact the intermediate and outer tubes.
6. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, which comprises three concentric heat exchange tubes, namely, an inner tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube in spaced apart relationship with one another and four tubular turbulators, one turbulator located within the inner tube against inner side wall of the inner tube, another turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner tube and intermediate tube in contact with the inner and intermediate tubes, another turbulator located over the intermediate tube in the space between the intermediate tube and outer tube in contact with the intermediate and outer tubes and another turbulator located over the outer tube in contact therewith.
7. A multi stream heat exchanger comprising two heat exchangers fixed to opposite sides of a common heat exchange tube, each of the heat exchangers comprising two concentric heat exchange tubes, one located within the other in spaced apart relationship with each other and two tubular turbulators for heat transfer, one tubular turbulator located over the inner tube in the space between the inner and outer tubes and in contact with the inner and outer tubes along the length thereof and the other tubular turbulator located within the inner tube against the inner sidewall thereof along the length thereof, each of the tubular turbulators comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the winding having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
8. The heat exchanger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to7, wherein the thermally conducting material wire for the windings is selected from thermally conducting material like copper, aluminium, phosphor bronze, steel, carbon steel or stainless steel or thermally conducting alloys of copper, aluminium or iron and the thermally conducting springy material holding wire is selected from thermally conducting material like phosphor bronze, steel or stainless steel.
9. The heat exchanger as claimed in claims 1 to 8, wherein the pitch distance between adjacent windings of the tubular turbulator is equal to the wire diameter to 30 mm and preferably 3 to 10 mm.
10. A tubular turbulator for mass transfer between two fluids and comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally non-conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a non-conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
11. The turbulator as claimed in claim 10, wherein the non-conducting material wire for the windings and the non-conducting material holding wire is selected from plastics, nylon, poly propylene or poly ethylene.
12. The turbulator as claimed in claim 10 or 1 1, wherein the pitch distance between adjacent windings of the turbulator is equal to the wire diameter to 30 mm and preferably 3 to 10 mm.
13. A tubular turbulator for heat transfer between two fluids and comprising a flexible wiry helical structure having a plurality of windings of a thermally conducting material wire arranged along the length thereof, the windings having uniform diameter and being held together at close pitch distance with a thermally conducting springy material holding wire running through the helical structure.
14. The turbulator as claimed in claim 13, wherein the thermally conducting material wire for the windings is selected from thermally conducting material like copper, aluminium, phosphor bronze, steel, carbon steel or stainless steel or thermally conducting alloys of copper, aluminium or iron and the thermally conducting springy material holding wire is selected from thermally conducting material like phosphor bronze, steel or stainless steel. 15. The turbulator as claimed in claim 13 or 14, wherein the pitch distance between adjacent windings of the turbulator is equal to the wire diameter to 30 mm and preferably 3 to 10 mm.
EP11805624.1A 2010-09-09 2011-09-09 Heat exchanger Not-in-force EP2663825B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN2501MU2010 2010-09-09
PCT/IN2011/000619 WO2012032548A2 (en) 2010-09-09 2011-09-09 Heat exchanger

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EP2663825A2 true EP2663825A2 (en) 2013-11-20
EP2663825B1 EP2663825B1 (en) 2017-12-20

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FR2993507B1 (en) * 2012-07-20 2014-08-15 Valeo Systemes Thermiques ELECTRICAL HEATING DEVICE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND HEATING AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING VENTILATION APPARATUS THEREOF
CN103411468B (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-01-14 北京化工大学 Center spring and helical blade rotor in heat exchange tube
JP6436529B2 (en) * 2014-11-18 2018-12-12 株式会社アタゴ製作所 Heat exchanger

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WO2012032548A3 (en) 2012-06-28
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